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Downloaded from
YTS.MX

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[man] We are sending a
bad message with the
Medical Marijuana Laws

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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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and the federal
government really needs
to speak out against it

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and show some leadership there.

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There is a powerful lobby

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arguing for the
legalization of drugs

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and that claims that
drugs, particularly
marijuana and hashish

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are not harmful
to young people.

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[judge] We have these
drugs in our society.

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They're going to be
here like it or not.

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We have a choice, we can
either have drugs in our
society with drug lords,

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or without drug lords.

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We know that when drugs
are legal, they're cheaper,

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they're more available
than they're promoted
as we've seen for alcohol.

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So, I think alcohol would
be the last model we want
to look at for marijuana.

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I know annually we have
well over a thousand young
people dying in this country

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because they're caught up
in the illegal drug market.

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Focus on the real bottom line.

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I want to reduce both
the harms of drugs

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and I want to reduce the
harms of our failed policies.

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[echoing] Policies...

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I mean the easiest way
for most people in this country

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and really throughout much
of the world to understand

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the absurdity of the war on
drugs is to focus on marijuana.

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[Dan] The drug war that I think
we are experiencing today

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has its roots in Richard
Nixon's 1968 campaign

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because of the
unrest of the 60's,

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the student demonstrations
against the Vietnam War.

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[reporter] Thousands
of demonstrators opposed
to the Vietnam War

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assembled in the nation's
capital for a mass protest.

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Military police
contained the crowd, but
clashes soon break out.

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The two-day protest ends
with over 600 arrested
and the widespread opinion

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that the demonstration
made everyone a loser.

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[Dan] The long, hot
summer riots in such places
as Detroit and Newark...

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[reporter] With the coming
of the long, hot summers,

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for three years
has had to face the
tragic consequences of riots.

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Negroes claim they have waited
long enough for equal rights.

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[Dan] The public was in a panic.

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Middle America was
in kind of a panic.

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Every night on the evening
news it just looked like the
country was coming unglued

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and Richard Nixon ran in '68
on a law-and-order platform.

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"I am going to restore law and
order to the United States."

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[Nixon] It is time for an
honest look at the problem
of order in the United States.

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So, I pledge to you, we shall have order in the United States.

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Well, he gets elected

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and then he discovers federal
government has very little role

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under the Constitution,
in law and order.

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Law and order is a
local and state matter.

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And in John Mitchell's office
and several people who were
there told me about this meeting

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in which Mitchell is saying,
"Come on people, we got
to come up with a way

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to project the federal
government into law and order."

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And they kick around some
ideas and finally somebody
says, "Well, there's drugs."

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Do you want to join me
here? Won't you be seated
please, ladies and gentlemen.

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Come on Dr. Jaffe, yeah.

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Mr. Krogh, Mister...

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-Yes, Sir. Yes, Sir.
-Fine. All right.

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Ladies and gentlemen, I would
like to summarize for you the
meeting that I have just had

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with the bipartisan leaders
which began at 8 o'clock and
was completed two hours later.

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I began the meeting by making
this statement which I think
needs to be made to the nation.

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America's public enemy
number one in the United
States is drug abuse.

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In order to fight and defeat
this enemy, it is necessary to
wage a new all-out offensive.

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I have asked the
Congress to provide
the legislative authority

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and the funds to fuel
this kind of an offensive.

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Nixon creates the Drug
Enforcement Administration

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and this is half law enforcement
and half Hollywood.

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They go out and start Eliot
Nessing around the country

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and making sure that
the cameras are there.

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In 1993, I had an interview
with John Ehrlichman
and this was the interview

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that got me started on
this in an earnest way.

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I was in the habit, every
time I talked to Richard
Nixon, or he talked to me

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of taking very careful
notes because, usually,
it involved assignments

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that I had to carry out,
one kind or another.

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And I started asking him
these wonky questions
about drug policy

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and he held up
a hand and he said,
"Can we cut the bullshit?

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Can I-- can I just tell you
what this was all about?"

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And he said, "The '68
campaign and the Nixon
White House thereafter

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had two enemies: black
people and the anti-war Left.

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And we needed a way
to mess them up.

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We needed a way
to arrest their leaders,
to break up their meetings,

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to delegitimize their gatherings

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and most of all to vilify
them on the evening
news night after night.

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And it was easy to associate
blacks with heroin and the
anti-war Left with marijuana."

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At the time of Richard
Nixon, you were either, you
know, part of his generation

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and appalled by drug use,
saw it as a moral issue,

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or you were part
of the counterculture.

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It was us versus them.

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Everyone here seems
to emphasize the kids.

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How can you communicate
with them when they
got flowers in their ears

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where they can't hear and hair
down to their hip pockets?

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Many of us are concerned
that a large percentage
of our young people

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are breaking the law
by smoking marijuana.

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I know you thought
about this problem

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and I wonder if you could give
us some of your thoughts on it.

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Well, to make a point, as
you know there is a commission

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that is supposed to
make recommendations
to me about this subject.

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Richard Nixon convenes
a Presidential Commission
on marijuana,

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which, basically, says
marijuana is almost harmless and
should not be criminalized.

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The recommendation of the
Commission in its first report

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is that we do not feel
that private use or private
possession in one's own home

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should have the stigma
of criminalization.

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That people who experiment
should not be criminalized
for that particular behavior.

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Richard Nixon very publicly
rejects the findings of
his own Commission

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and that's the last time
a president convenes a
commission on marijuana.

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I shall continue to oppose
efforts to legalize marijuana.

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I became the White House
Drug Czar in July 1st of 1973.

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Nixon's advisor, who I was
working with, said to me,

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"The president is going to make
the decisions about marijuana.

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You can make the
decisions about heroin,

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but if you say anything good
about decriminalization of
marijuana, you're out of here.

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He was elected president
and not you." And that was it.

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I do think that it was a--
it was a moment when
the world changed.

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I shall soon propose
a revision of the entire
Federal Criminal Code

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which will give us tougher
penalties against drugs
and against crime.

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A war on drugs is basically
the assumption or presumption

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that anybody who has anything
to do with certain drugs

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needs to be treated like a
criminal, needs to be punished,

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viewed as somebody who can
have their freedom taken away,

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their property, their
home taken away.

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Somebody who is regarded
as immoral and for whom
it makes sense for the state

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to spend oodles of
money, basically trying
to find these people,

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arrest and prosecute
them, and convict them
and incarcerate them.

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[cell door closes]

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I actually started my
undercover work at the
beginning of the war on drugs.

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When I joined the State Police
in 1964, we had 1700 troopers

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and we had a
seven-man narcotic unit.

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In 1970, in one step
overnight grew to a
76-person Narcotics Bureau,

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all paid for by the
federal government.

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That was when Nixon got
Congress to pass funding bills

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that would give massive
amounts of money

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to any Police Department that
was willing to hire officers
to fight his war on drugs.

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As I talked to the people
from New York State

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I realized the need for money
to deal with this problem.

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I am glad that in this
administration we have
increased the amount of money

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for handling the problem of
dangerous drugs, sevenfold.

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It will be six hundred
million dollars this year.

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To the extent money
can help in meeting the
problem of dangerous drugs,

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it will be available.

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This is one area where
we cannot have budget cuts

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because we must wage
what I have called total war

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against public enemy number
one in the United States:

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the problem of dangerous drugs.

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[Cole] It was all
a numbers game.

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The whole idea was to get as
many arrested as possible.

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We used to joke that if we
arrested the devil himself,

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we'd let him go if he gave
up three of these demons.

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And the reporters would
go away and they would
write horror stories.

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And the next morning,
the public would
pick up those papers

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and read them and
shake their head and say,

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"Give it to him.

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Give it to him."

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And we'd get the money

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and then we'd go out and do
even worse the next time around.

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I was working undercover
for the state police, in the
suburbs of New Jersey.

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Since we didn't have real
drug dealers out there,

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the administration targeted
me on small friendship
groups of young people.

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And when I infiltrated one
of these friendship groups
and became their friend,

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come Friday night
somebody might say, "Hey,
you want to get high?"

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Someone might say, "Yeah,
while you're in the city, pick
me up a couple of joints."

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We're talking about five
dollars worth of drugs.

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We'd have a big raid and we'd
swoop into their neighborhoods
five o'clock in the morning

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with hundreds of police.
Kick down their doors and
drag them out in chains.

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And when we got them all
lined up against that back wall,

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my boss would come out
and he would say, "You see that?

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There's a hundred major
drug dealers we took out
of your community."

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[policeman] Everybody remain
seated where you are.

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[Cole] Back then in 1970,
we didn't have a whole
bunch of laws about drugs.

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We only had one law. That law
said it's illegal to distribute

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a controlled
dangerous substance.

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One joint was the same as a
hundred pounds of marijuana.

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Since we only had one law there
was only one punishment,
seven years in state prison.

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[reporter] Don Crow was
convicted of selling marijuana
to an undercover agent.

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There seemed reason for hope.

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It was his first
offense after all

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and the amount had been
small, less than one ounce,

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but the jury saw its duty,
sentence 50 years in prison.

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For Crow, 25 years old,
newly returned from
Vietnam, it was a bitter pill.

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I had the feeling that I was
fighting for my country
and for my fellow man.

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And it is kind of depressing
to know that I should come
back and be given 50 years

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for allegedly selling some--
a little marijuana.

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[mother] This is a Purple Heart
that he received the first
time that he was wounded.

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[reporter] There is a mother's
pride as Mrs. Crow recounts
Don's military record,

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but it is hard for her, too.

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He loved his country, she says.

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He was a good boy.

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It all starts off with

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no hope, lack of education,

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not being able to actually
enter the system.

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I can't enter the system.
I can't get in.

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I can't make a living wage,
but over here is a way.

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And now, you try to do that
and you end up in prison,

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or you end up with your life,
you know, devastated.

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We snatched them off the streets
in the prime of their life

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when they were trying
to get their education.

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"How are they going to get a
job? They're drug dealers."

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That's what we labeled them.

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That's what everybody thinks.

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Nobody wanted to hire them.

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So, what do they do?
Well, they turn right back
to the drug culture,

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the very group we say we're
trying to save them from,

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only now they become
real drug dealers.

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And that is how

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this became the
self-perpetuating, constantly
expanding, policy disaster.

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An interesting thing emerges
as the drug war heats up.

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As it becomes more
and more serious.

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As the kicking in more doors
and taking away more people

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and giving people longer and
longer sentences for trivial
amounts of marijuana.

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What emerges is an
organized, well-funded
opposition to the drug war.

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Organizations like NORML,
the National Organization for
the Reform of Marijuana Laws

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that mount an
organized response.

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It's not just the stoned
hippies in the back of a van.

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These are lawyers. These
are people with money.

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These are people with
some influence and power
and access to the media.

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[man] Last year in this country

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there were two hundred
and twenty-six thousand
marijuana-related arrests.

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And although the police
sometimes tell us

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that they're only
interested in the pusher
or the seller as they say,

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the fact is that only 7%
of those arrests were
against the seller.

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93% of those arrests were
for possession and use.

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Now what that means is that
there were about 200,000 young
people in this country last year

221
00:14:20,337 --> 00:14:23,906
who were given an unnecessary
criminal record and all
that and all that involved

222
00:14:23,950 --> 00:14:26,517
for the rest of their
life simply because
they smoked grass,

223
00:14:26,561 --> 00:14:28,693
something which is a
relatively harmless thing to do.

224
00:14:28,737 --> 00:14:31,087
So we're not trying to encourage
the use of the drug,

225
00:14:31,131 --> 00:14:34,525
in fact, we're trying to
discourage it, but we're trying
to get the country to understand

226
00:14:34,569 --> 00:14:38,094
that there are other means
to discourage the use of drugs
other than the criminal law.

227
00:14:38,138 --> 00:14:41,706
And, in this case, the use
of the criminal law causes
more harm than the drug itself.

228
00:14:41,750 --> 00:14:44,013
I give NORML, you
know, a lot of credit.

229
00:14:44,057 --> 00:14:48,191
The role that they played
in the 70s and Keith
Stroup's pioneering role.

230
00:14:48,235 --> 00:14:51,151
I mean, they really helped
to break open this issue.

231
00:14:51,194 --> 00:14:57,461
In 1970 I founded NORML,
the National Organization for
the Reform of Marijuana Laws,

232
00:14:57,505 --> 00:14:59,594
as a marijuana
smokers lobby.

233
00:14:59,637 --> 00:15:03,554
We took the Marijuana
Commission report in
any state in America

234
00:15:03,598 --> 00:15:07,384
where we could identify,
usually a young
progressive legislator

235
00:15:07,428 --> 00:15:10,648
willing to introduce a Marijuana
Decriminalization Bill.

236
00:15:10,692 --> 00:15:13,956
We not only provided
support for the legislator,

237
00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:16,741
we brought out expert
witnesses at our expense

238
00:15:16,785 --> 00:15:21,181
to testify that states should
do what the Marijuana
Commission recommended.

239
00:15:21,224 --> 00:15:26,447
And as a result, between 1973,
when Oregon was the first state

240
00:15:26,490 --> 00:15:29,929
to adopt a modified version of
marijuana decriminalization...

241
00:15:29,972 --> 00:15:32,888
In Oregon, possession of
up to an ounce of marijuana

242
00:15:32,932 --> 00:15:36,065
no longer is a felony punishable
by up to five years in prison.

243
00:15:36,109 --> 00:15:40,548
Now marijuana smoking
is punishable only by
a fine like a traffic fine,

244
00:15:40,591 --> 00:15:43,159
maximum penalty $100.

245
00:15:43,203 --> 00:15:48,512
To 1978, we had a total of 11
states that stopped arresting
minor marijuana offenders

246
00:15:48,556 --> 00:15:50,558
and we thought we were
on our way to victory.

247
00:15:50,601 --> 00:15:54,257
In fact, we figured within
five years we would be finished.

248
00:15:54,301 --> 00:15:58,348
We would have marijuana
smokers decriminalized
all across the country.

249
00:15:58,392 --> 00:16:00,176
[cheering]

250
00:16:08,228 --> 00:16:11,927
The portfolio legalizing
marijuana probably hit close
to 30 percent in the late 70's,

251
00:16:11,971 --> 00:16:15,061
kind of at the era of that
decade of live-and-let-live.

252
00:16:15,104 --> 00:16:19,543
It was fairly open in
the culture at that point,
mostly the youth culture.

253
00:16:19,587 --> 00:16:21,589
[rock music]

254
00:16:26,898 --> 00:16:28,944
[Anthony] Hey, you want
to get high, man?

255
00:16:28,988 --> 00:16:31,077
Does Howdy Doody
got wooden balls, man?

256
00:16:31,120 --> 00:16:34,950
I've got a joint here,
man, I've been saving
for a special occasion.

257
00:16:39,955 --> 00:16:46,396
Is that a joint, man? I can
probably smoke this whole joint,
man and still walk away, man.

258
00:16:46,440 --> 00:16:48,398
Wouldn't be no
problem at all, man.

259
00:16:51,358 --> 00:16:53,534
[Pedro] Dog, talk it out, man.

260
00:16:58,408 --> 00:17:00,802
Kinda grabs you by
the booboo, don't it?

261
00:17:00,845 --> 00:17:04,893
The FBI claims that a huge
shipment of grass which
they are calling "killer dope"

262
00:17:04,936 --> 00:17:07,461
has been smuggled
into New York City.

263
00:17:07,504 --> 00:17:12,248
The bureau urges users
not to smoke the weed which
is greenish brown in color,

264
00:17:12,292 --> 00:17:15,686
not particularly seedy
and contains mostly
cannabis buds.

265
00:17:15,730 --> 00:17:19,821
Warning symptoms are
a mild euphoria, a slight
rise in the pulse rate,

266
00:17:19,864 --> 00:17:24,130
some hallucination and
death by laughter within 15
minutes of ingestion.

267
00:17:24,173 --> 00:17:25,914
[crowd laughs]

268
00:17:27,350 --> 00:17:30,788
In an effort to aid the FBI
in its investigation,

269
00:17:30,832 --> 00:17:34,357
Weekend Update is undertaking
its own analysis of marijuana

270
00:17:34,401 --> 00:17:37,578
sent to us anonymously by any
viewers who may be worried.

271
00:17:37,621 --> 00:17:41,886
Simply place a small
sample of the suspected
cannabis in an envelope

272
00:17:41,930 --> 00:17:48,937
and send it immediately to Chevy
Chase, Apartment 12, 827 West
81st street, New York City...

273
00:17:49,372 --> 00:17:52,593
When Nixon left and Gerald
Ford was the president,

274
00:17:52,636 --> 00:17:55,161
I was the White House Drug Czar.

275
00:17:55,204 --> 00:18:01,558
I was a hero with NORML and
High Times as a guy who was
interested in decriminalization.

276
00:18:01,602 --> 00:18:03,169
And I liked that idea.

277
00:18:03,212 --> 00:18:05,562
I supported that idea as
the White House Drug Czar.

278
00:18:05,606 --> 00:18:09,349
[Baum] Jimmy Carter at that
time was-- I think he was
a pragmatic individual.

279
00:18:09,392 --> 00:18:14,136
You know he had that
really classic and crucial line,
"The harms of drug laws

280
00:18:14,180 --> 00:18:17,574
should not do more
harm to people than
the drugs themselves."

281
00:18:17,618 --> 00:18:21,622
I support a change in law
to end federal and
criminal penalties

282
00:18:21,665 --> 00:18:23,928
for possession of up to
one ounce of marijuana.

283
00:18:24,451 --> 00:18:29,412
Leaving the states free to
adopt whatever laws they
wish concerning marijuana.

284
00:18:29,456 --> 00:18:34,722
I think Jimmy Carter was
influenced initially by his
drug adviser, Dr. Peter Bourne,

285
00:18:34,765 --> 00:18:37,290
and he was telling him
it made no sense

286
00:18:37,333 --> 00:18:39,509
to treat marijuana
smokers like criminals.

287
00:18:39,553 --> 00:18:43,296
I was Director of the Office
of Drug Abuse Policy.

288
00:18:43,339 --> 00:18:48,475
And our policy was if people
are suffering adverse effects
from any of these drugs,

289
00:18:48,518 --> 00:18:53,697
we should set up programs
to treat them, as we had
begun to do with alcohol

290
00:18:53,741 --> 00:18:57,527
after countless decades
of, you know,
condemning alcoholics.

291
00:18:57,571 --> 00:19:02,358
We'd have yet to find a
serious medical consequence
related to marijuana...

292
00:19:02,402 --> 00:19:05,013
[man] Let me-- just
one more question...

293
00:19:05,056 --> 00:19:08,625
Somewhat to my surprise, we have
not found serious health conse--
consequences in approximately

294
00:19:08,669 --> 00:19:11,454
20 million dollars of research
in the last five years.

295
00:19:11,498 --> 00:19:15,502
But the thing that we do
know, though, is that we will be
saving the lives and careers

296
00:19:15,545 --> 00:19:18,983
of a lot of young people that
would otherwise be destroyed

297
00:19:19,027 --> 00:19:23,205
by maintaining criminal
penalties and putting people
in jail for possession.

298
00:19:23,249 --> 00:19:25,207
Dr. Peter Bourne
was someone I knew.

299
00:19:25,251 --> 00:19:30,212
I would see him several
times a month in a
professional situation

300
00:19:30,256 --> 00:19:34,347
and we considered
ourselves political allies,
no doubt about that.

301
00:19:34,390 --> 00:19:38,960
I didn't disagree with him
particularly in terms of
his position on marijuana.

302
00:19:39,395 --> 00:19:43,573
He and I really had a falling
out over the paraquat issue.

303
00:19:43,617 --> 00:19:50,101
I had been advised at some
point that the government was
beginning to spray paraquat

304
00:19:50,145 --> 00:19:52,930
and paraquat was an incredibly
dangerous herbicide

305
00:19:52,974 --> 00:19:56,456
that if you took a teaspoon
in your mouth, it'll kill you.

306
00:19:56,499 --> 00:19:58,197
It's that deadly.

307
00:19:58,240 --> 00:20:01,635
They were spraying it on
marijuana crops in Mexico

308
00:20:01,678 --> 00:20:06,248
in order to cut down on the
Mexican marijuana that
was coming into the U.S.

309
00:20:06,292 --> 00:20:11,253
And so, we really thought
that they were-- they were
poisoning marijuana smokers.

310
00:20:11,297 --> 00:20:17,390
He became seamless
on paraquat and I mean,
it was all blatant nonsense.

311
00:20:17,433 --> 00:20:20,871
Once Peter and I began to
fight over the paraquat issue

312
00:20:20,915 --> 00:20:27,922
it made it difficult for us
to work on other issues where
we did have common values.

313
00:20:27,965 --> 00:20:30,229
Here's the bottom line:

314
00:20:30,272 --> 00:20:34,320
the health concern
that we felt at the time
turned out to be overblown.

315
00:20:34,363 --> 00:20:40,021
At the end of that dispute,
unfortunately, was also the
end of Dr. Bourne's tenure

316
00:20:40,064 --> 00:20:44,634
as Drug Czar and
within a few months the
end of my first tenure

317
00:20:44,678 --> 00:20:46,506
as executive director of NORML.

318
00:20:46,549 --> 00:20:50,901
I don't doubt for a moment that
some of the confidence we had

319
00:20:50,945 --> 00:20:54,557
to fight to the death
on the paraquat issue

320
00:20:54,601 --> 00:20:57,995
may well have been impacted
by my own drug use

321
00:20:58,039 --> 00:21:01,260
and drug use of other people
I was working with at the time.

322
00:21:01,303 --> 00:21:06,308
The activists in the 70's
who played such a pioneering
role in helping to open this up

323
00:21:06,352 --> 00:21:12,532
at the same time sort of became
undisciplined in their rhetoric.

324
00:21:12,575 --> 00:21:17,493
Important thing is that make
sure your congressman knows
that 10 grams of marijuana

325
00:21:17,537 --> 00:21:20,714
is not enough,
10 grams won't do it!

326
00:21:20,757 --> 00:21:23,064
And then, basically, what
happens is things turn around.

327
00:21:23,107 --> 00:21:27,111
I think, you know, as
marijuana is used more
extensively in society

328
00:21:27,155 --> 00:21:31,333
and as you see a problem
emerging among high school
kids who are waking and baking,

329
00:21:31,377 --> 00:21:34,423
I think, you know,
there's-- there's real
serious concerns there.

330
00:21:34,467 --> 00:21:39,080
Well, as a kid, you say well,
he does this or he does that
and the lines are very clear

331
00:21:39,123 --> 00:21:42,039
what you expect, right?
Or what he feels he has to do.

332
00:21:42,083 --> 00:21:44,303
But now we're in
a kind of gray area,

333
00:21:44,346 --> 00:21:49,177
17, and I'm saying to myself,
"Oh, what do I expect?

334
00:21:49,220 --> 00:21:53,094
What can I expect?
What should he be doing?"

335
00:21:53,137 --> 00:21:56,663
We had a big discussion
in my U.S. history class

336
00:21:57,185 --> 00:22:01,407
and Mr. Sean talked about pot
in the United States, you know.

337
00:22:01,450 --> 00:22:03,365
[friend] With Sean?

338
00:22:03,409 --> 00:22:06,107
[kid] Yeah, he was like
comparing it was
prohibition, you know.

339
00:22:06,150 --> 00:22:08,065
That's why I stayed
out of school today.

340
00:22:09,458 --> 00:22:17,553
There was a changed in the
world that was very profound
and it started in 1977.

341
00:22:17,597 --> 00:22:24,430
A mother in Atlanta, Keith
Schuchard wrote a letter
to the esteemed director

342
00:22:24,473 --> 00:22:27,084
of the National Institute on
Drug Abuse, that's me.

343
00:22:28,085 --> 00:22:31,741
And she said,
"You are the problem."

344
00:22:32,916 --> 00:22:36,790
I mean, not that I
got a lot of letters, but
that got my attention.

345
00:22:36,833 --> 00:22:38,705
What in the world
is she talking about?

346
00:22:39,488 --> 00:22:43,536
She said, "You are fighting
the battle about marijuana

347
00:22:43,579 --> 00:22:47,931
and you're missing what the
point is. The point is kids.

348
00:22:48,541 --> 00:22:52,196
You're mixing up kids and
adults as if it's one problem.

349
00:22:53,023 --> 00:22:56,810
The issue is kids smoking pot."

350
00:22:56,853 --> 00:22:59,552
In this country and all
of the Western countries,

351
00:22:59,595 --> 00:23:04,731
a very powerful drug culture,
a drug legalization lobby,

352
00:23:04,774 --> 00:23:08,865
and they have managed to get
a message out quite strongly
that many drugs are harmless,

353
00:23:08,909 --> 00:23:11,302
particularly,
marijuana and hashish.

354
00:23:11,346 --> 00:23:16,743
So that the tremendous
epidemic of marijuana smoking
that went on in the 1970s

355
00:23:16,786 --> 00:23:19,223
was based on ignorance
about the health effects.

356
00:23:19,267 --> 00:23:24,098
We gave a seventh-grade
birthday party in our backyard
and were quite surprised

357
00:23:24,141 --> 00:23:27,362
to find out that kids
were smoking marijuana

358
00:23:27,406 --> 00:23:31,845
and it revealed to us
a culture that we had no
idea that was out there.

359
00:23:31,888 --> 00:23:37,285
That was already absorbing and
recruiting young kids as young
as twelve-thirteen years old.

360
00:23:37,328 --> 00:23:40,419
We called all the parents of
the kids who were at the party

361
00:23:40,462 --> 00:23:43,204
and asked them to come over and
let them know what had going on.

362
00:23:43,247 --> 00:23:46,425
It didn't matter if we liked
them, if we were the
same politics and religion,

363
00:23:46,468 --> 00:23:48,470
but we all had kids
who knew each other

364
00:23:48,514 --> 00:23:50,777
and so, we better get
to know each other, too.

365
00:23:50,820 --> 00:23:53,736
We had already been
worried about our daughter,
her personality changes,

366
00:23:53,780 --> 00:23:58,393
lack of interest in school,
a whole sense of drift
among her friends, etc.

367
00:23:58,437 --> 00:24:03,311
It was about a week after the
party that we asked people
to come to our home then

368
00:24:03,354 --> 00:24:05,444
and it was quite
awkward and difficult.

369
00:24:05,487 --> 00:24:10,492
Some of the parents were quite
hostile and very serious denial,

370
00:24:10,536 --> 00:24:13,669
but, eventually, a father
stood up and said,

371
00:24:13,713 --> 00:24:17,368
"I know this is going to be
hurtful and it's going to be
difficult for you to hear,

372
00:24:17,412 --> 00:24:19,936
but this is what I've learned
about what's going on."

373
00:24:19,980 --> 00:24:23,026
One of the things that was
happening in that period of time

374
00:24:23,070 --> 00:24:25,464
where marijuana was
coming into use,

375
00:24:25,507 --> 00:24:27,944
parents didn't have
any idea what it was.

376
00:24:29,032 --> 00:24:31,774
They were being told that it
was just a harmless giggle,

377
00:24:31,818 --> 00:24:33,820
or the Academy of Pediatrics

378
00:24:33,863 --> 00:24:36,518
thought it was just
a phase that young
people would go through.

379
00:24:36,562 --> 00:24:40,087
It was really being ignored,
the dangers and risks

380
00:24:40,130 --> 00:24:43,482
and, obviously, that helped
increase it greatly.

381
00:24:43,525 --> 00:24:47,137
The parents and the
families across our nation

382
00:24:47,573 --> 00:24:50,967
must understand
the danger involved

383
00:24:51,011 --> 00:24:53,187
from the biological standpoint

384
00:24:53,709 --> 00:24:57,191
and then from the social
aspect of the child's world;

385
00:24:57,234 --> 00:25:01,587
what is being created
in the child's world that's
encouraging the drug use.

386
00:25:01,630 --> 00:25:05,982
We noticed that parents
had doubts about marijuana.

387
00:25:06,026 --> 00:25:10,900
They were hearing and reading
from magazines and seeing
on TV, and funny movies

388
00:25:10,944 --> 00:25:14,382
like Cheech & Chong
and so forth, "Well,
maybe it's not so bad,

389
00:25:14,425 --> 00:25:17,559
or what are we supposed
to do? Are we supposed
to tell our kids not to do it?"

390
00:25:17,603 --> 00:25:22,085
[reporter] This is the
American child's favorite
illegal chemical, marijuana.

391
00:25:22,129 --> 00:25:26,002
[reporter] Today, more high school kids have tried it than haven't and except for alcohol,

392
00:25:26,046 --> 00:25:29,919
more kids smoke pot every day
than all other drugs combined.

393
00:25:29,963 --> 00:25:34,097
The kids like it because
it feels good and what's
more, it's harmless,

394
00:25:34,141 --> 00:25:36,360
or at least that's
what the kids tell me.

395
00:25:36,404 --> 00:25:39,102
It's not bad for you. Nobody
ever said it's bad for you.

396
00:25:39,146 --> 00:25:42,845
It might give you cancer
or something, but so
does everything else.

397
00:25:42,889 --> 00:25:48,372
They don't have any proof
that pot hurts your body

398
00:25:48,895 --> 00:25:51,898
as it is, you know,
not that, uh,

399
00:25:51,941 --> 00:25:55,597
I've heard that no scientist
has proven, you know,

400
00:25:55,641 --> 00:25:58,208
that pot hurts your body
in any kind of way.

401
00:25:58,252 --> 00:26:05,564
Between 1975 and 1978,
youth marijuana use in
this country exploded.

402
00:26:05,607 --> 00:26:09,829
And I watched, year after
year, those numbers rise.

403
00:26:09,872 --> 00:26:15,356
By 1978, one in nine high
school seniors in this country

404
00:26:15,399 --> 00:26:18,011
were smoking marijuana
every day.

405
00:26:18,054 --> 00:26:24,408
As it picked up more and more
at-- and as it became more of
an issue in media coverage,

406
00:26:24,452 --> 00:26:28,369
Dr. DuPont, the
government getting
involved, it really took off.

407
00:26:28,412 --> 00:26:32,286
These were amateurs
and grassroots people
doing it on their own,

408
00:26:33,113 --> 00:26:37,073
wanting help and support
and if we didn't get it,
we were gonna do it anyway.

409
00:26:37,117 --> 00:26:41,469
I didn't have much problem
with her taking a position

410
00:26:41,512 --> 00:26:45,212
that more attention should
be played to marijuana use,

411
00:26:45,255 --> 00:26:48,128
particularly in the
suburbs by white kids

412
00:26:48,737 --> 00:26:54,395
because I was too busy
dealing with inner-city
heroin addiction.

413
00:26:55,091 --> 00:26:59,574
I didn't personally think
that marijuana should
be much of a priority.

414
00:26:59,618 --> 00:27:06,233
The total focus had shifted
from the damage we're doing to
otherwise law-abiding citizens

415
00:27:06,276 --> 00:27:09,192
by treating them like criminals
because they smoke,

416
00:27:09,236 --> 00:27:12,413
had all of a sudden shifted
to these parents groups.

417
00:27:12,456 --> 00:27:15,503
At the time, we didn't
take it very seriously.

418
00:27:15,546 --> 00:27:17,374
We thought it was a distraction.

419
00:27:17,418 --> 00:27:20,769
We thought that "Yes, we have
to respond to those questions."

420
00:27:20,813 --> 00:27:27,471
But we couldn't imagine that
a majority of the country would
adopt that particular focus.

421
00:27:27,515 --> 00:27:28,951
But we were wrong.

422
00:27:28,995 --> 00:27:30,736
[Schuchard] Our interest
was in prevention--

423
00:27:30,779 --> 00:27:33,173
from keeping it from starting
from the very beginning.

424
00:27:33,216 --> 00:27:36,350
The first thing was, you
wanted the children to
be honest with you.

425
00:27:36,393 --> 00:27:38,482
Listen, let's just get
this all out in front.

426
00:27:38,526 --> 00:27:41,529
Look, you know, in front-- on
the table, what's going on?

427
00:27:41,572 --> 00:27:44,401
Main thing we said,
we're going to keep a
sense of humor about this.

428
00:27:44,445 --> 00:27:46,839
It's not going to be all
grim and miserable.

429
00:27:46,882 --> 00:27:49,058
We're going to keep
a sense of humor.

430
00:27:49,102 --> 00:27:52,714
We confessed to them
we were naiïve, out of
it, didn't have a clue.

431
00:27:52,758 --> 00:27:55,586
Could they help us not
make fools of ourselves?

432
00:27:55,630 --> 00:27:57,850
And that did strike
with some of the kids.

433
00:27:57,893 --> 00:28:01,462
They didn't want their parents
going out and saying
things that were absurd

434
00:28:01,505 --> 00:28:05,858
without knowing what they
were doing, if we were gonna go
talk to PTA or anything else.

435
00:28:05,901 --> 00:28:10,471
The main thing is the absolute
lack of information on the
effects of drugs on kids.

436
00:28:10,514 --> 00:28:13,430
The fact that there was almost
nothing out there about-

437
00:28:13,474 --> 00:28:15,694
these are very complicated
chemicals, you know.

438
00:28:15,737 --> 00:28:19,306
The chemicals are
strong enough to stop
seizures in epilepsy.

439
00:28:19,349 --> 00:28:24,746
These are not, you know,
mild benign things going into
young kids' brains and bodies.

440
00:28:24,790 --> 00:28:28,881
We began looking
around us and found out
that our local village,

441
00:28:28,924 --> 00:28:32,145
our shopping malls, were full
of kiddy drug paraphernalia.

442
00:28:32,188 --> 00:28:37,150
Comic books, Quaalude
candies, root beer-flavored
rolling papers,

443
00:28:37,193 --> 00:28:43,156
space gun marijuana shooters,
a very attractive, fun and
witty commercialized culture

444
00:28:43,199 --> 00:28:47,987
really targeted at that age
group because at that
time all over the country,

445
00:28:48,030 --> 00:28:53,427
12 was the average age of
having their first experience
with marijuana.

446
00:28:53,470 --> 00:28:58,737
This is designed to put
some pot in and then you
smoke the pot out of here.

447
00:28:58,780 --> 00:29:03,393
Now, you can toss a smoke
to a friend if you want to.

448
00:29:03,437 --> 00:29:05,961
There are things like
bongs that's B-O-N-G.

449
00:29:06,005 --> 00:29:10,139
You put the pot in here,
light it, the smoke travels
down here, collects,

450
00:29:10,183 --> 00:29:14,056
and then you get a
concentrated volume of
smoke by sucking in like this.

451
00:29:14,100 --> 00:29:17,886
And I think the label is
instructive, "Bong, the
only thing wasted is you."

452
00:29:17,930 --> 00:29:23,239
They're smoking at during their
most important development years

453
00:29:23,283 --> 00:29:27,809
where the brain is developing,
the emotions are developing.

454
00:29:27,853 --> 00:29:34,598
It numbs you to all of
those feelings that you are
learning how to handle

455
00:29:34,642 --> 00:29:38,298
and that's what makes
marijuana so dangerous.

456
00:29:38,341 --> 00:29:42,171
That is what we're destroying
with our children.

457
00:29:43,303 --> 00:29:46,306
[Gleaton] Dr. DuPont and Keith
sat down and had a talk.

458
00:29:46,349 --> 00:29:49,178
Bob said, "This is a
wonderful thing you're
doing in your community,

459
00:29:49,222 --> 00:29:50,832
wonder if we can duplicate it."

460
00:29:50,876 --> 00:29:53,356
So, he asked Keith
to write a book.

461
00:29:53,400 --> 00:29:56,098
So, she did. She wrote one
called, Parents Peers and Pot.

462
00:29:56,142 --> 00:29:59,449
And with that book the National
Institute on Drug Abuse, NIDA,

463
00:29:59,493 --> 00:30:02,148
was able to distribute
more than a million copies.

464
00:30:02,191 --> 00:30:06,543
I think when they had a million
copies requested they stopped
printing it because they said,

465
00:30:06,587 --> 00:30:10,809
"We have too many requests.
We can't keep printing it."
I was stunned by that.

466
00:30:10,852 --> 00:30:14,682
I had no idea, but it shows
how widespread the problem was.

467
00:30:14,725 --> 00:30:16,510
It worked best
from the bottom up

468
00:30:17,163 --> 00:30:19,905
and especially, if you're
talking about parents and kids,

469
00:30:19,948 --> 00:30:24,257
you're dealing with the
strongest instinct in nature,
which is protect your kids.

470
00:30:24,300 --> 00:30:30,480
They did a remarkable job
in such a tiny amount of
time of getting the attention

471
00:30:30,524 --> 00:30:35,964
of federal leaders, national
leaders, and making this a
national movement of parents

472
00:30:36,008 --> 00:30:38,532
wanting to push all drugs
out of their community.

473
00:30:38,575 --> 00:30:42,449
It wasn't just marijuana, it
was alcohol, it was tobacco,
it was other illegal drugs

474
00:30:42,492 --> 00:30:44,625
and they did a very
good job of doing that.

475
00:30:44,668 --> 00:30:47,367
The regular marijuana use
and regular drug use fell

476
00:30:47,410 --> 00:30:50,587
in almost two-thirds in the
period that they were active.

477
00:30:50,631 --> 00:30:54,722
There were probably a lot
of other factors, but I can't
help to think that the parent

478
00:30:54,765 --> 00:30:58,508
movement and this idea
of changing the culture,
which they did so effectively,

479
00:30:58,552 --> 00:31:00,293
wasn't one of those factors.

480
00:31:00,902 --> 00:31:08,910
By the time that
Carter left, the scene
had completely changed.

481
00:31:08,954 --> 00:31:13,393
Even in the Congress, not--
not just Reagan himself,

482
00:31:13,436 --> 00:31:18,311
but the whole attitude was
we've been too soft on drugs.

483
00:31:18,354 --> 00:31:22,881
When I first came to
Washington, I was Drug
Czar under President Reagan.

484
00:31:22,924 --> 00:31:25,579
It was a difficult entry
in a number of ways.

485
00:31:25,622 --> 00:31:30,671
One, because I'd never had
a job with that much power
and oversight and budget,

486
00:31:30,714 --> 00:31:33,804
but also because I was
a pediatrician doing a job

487
00:31:33,848 --> 00:31:36,546
that the psychiatrist knew
belonged only to them.

488
00:31:37,330 --> 00:31:42,161
I was there mainly
because people in the
White House were worried

489
00:31:42,204 --> 00:31:46,774
that the people in the fields
were not paying any
attention to marijuana

490
00:31:46,817 --> 00:31:51,257
and they wanted somebody
in there who saw it their
way, so that was me.

491
00:31:51,300 --> 00:31:56,915
The power of a First Lady
to reach a national audience
is always tremendous.

492
00:31:56,958 --> 00:32:02,790
She took on the drug issue
and developed a slogan
that was just a directive.

493
00:32:02,833 --> 00:32:05,532
What will you do when
someone offers you drugs?

494
00:32:05,575 --> 00:32:07,882
[crowd] Just say no!

495
00:32:07,926 --> 00:32:09,840
She didn't invent that slogan.

496
00:32:09,884 --> 00:32:12,452
An elementary school
in Oakland, California,
had a contest

497
00:32:12,495 --> 00:32:15,020
and the kids came up with
the contest "Just say no."

498
00:32:15,063 --> 00:32:19,154
And they won the contest
and Nancy Reagan went out
to give them a little award

499
00:32:19,198 --> 00:32:24,116
and the media picked it up
that this is the entire national
and international drug policy

500
00:32:24,159 --> 00:32:26,770
is, "Just say no."

501
00:32:26,814 --> 00:32:29,556
♪ And the only thing that we're Here to say that the drugs
Are fewer every day ♪

502
00:32:29,599 --> 00:32:31,993
♪ Cocaine and crack
It's all got to go ♪

503
00:32:32,037 --> 00:32:34,517
♪ We got to learn
To just say no ♪

504
00:32:34,561 --> 00:32:35,475
Just say no.

505
00:32:35,518 --> 00:32:36,955
♪ Just say no

506
00:32:38,260 --> 00:32:40,828
♪ Just say no, just say no

507
00:32:40,871 --> 00:32:43,918
♪ No, just say no

508
00:32:43,962 --> 00:32:45,920
♪ Learning when to say no

509
00:32:45,964 --> 00:32:47,139
Hey, no.

510
00:32:47,182 --> 00:32:50,011
♪ That's what you need to do

511
00:32:50,055 --> 00:32:51,621
♪ Don't need it

512
00:32:51,665 --> 00:32:52,927
♪ Say, no
Don't need it ♪

513
00:32:52,971 --> 00:32:54,581
♪ Say, no

514
00:32:54,624 --> 00:32:56,583
♪ Just say no
To drugs to beat it ♪

515
00:32:56,626 --> 00:32:59,716
♪ Don't let a friend push
You in to taking drugs ♪

516
00:32:59,760 --> 00:33:03,546
♪ You got a right to say no

517
00:33:03,590 --> 00:33:04,678
♪ No

518
00:33:04,721 --> 00:33:06,549
♪ Right to say no

519
00:33:06,593 --> 00:33:09,726
If you just say no, you'll be
saying yes to a whole lot more.

520
00:33:09,770 --> 00:33:13,861
What can be a better little
slogan for elementary school?
"Just say no." Why not?

521
00:33:13,904 --> 00:33:14,557
No.

522
00:33:14,601 --> 00:33:15,428
No thanks.

523
00:33:15,471 --> 00:33:16,211
No way!

524
00:33:16,255 --> 00:33:16,864
No.

525
00:33:16,907 --> 00:33:17,647
No.

526
00:33:17,691 --> 00:33:18,822
No.

527
00:33:18,866 --> 00:33:20,389
[man] Help them to just say no.

528
00:33:20,433 --> 00:33:25,307
When Nancy Reagan
said, "Just say no,"

529
00:33:27,309 --> 00:33:34,360
I think that was maybe
the highest moment of the
drug war, perhaps to this day.

530
00:33:34,403 --> 00:33:38,451
We laugh at Nancy Reagan
for saying, "Just say no."

531
00:33:38,494 --> 00:33:41,106
But "Just say no" was
a pretty good message.

532
00:33:41,149 --> 00:33:44,109
"Just say no" doesn't
put anybody in prison.

533
00:33:44,718 --> 00:33:47,677
"Just say no" doesn't
get anybody killed.

534
00:33:48,548 --> 00:33:54,206
"Just say no"
I think was humane.

535
00:33:54,249 --> 00:33:57,470
Enjoy life to the fullest
and to make it count.

536
00:33:58,123 --> 00:34:04,303
Say, yes to your life and
when it comes to drugs
and alcohol, just say no.

537
00:34:04,346 --> 00:34:07,262
And in there were the
roots of a new drug policy.

538
00:34:07,306 --> 00:34:11,875
Just say no so loud that
everyone around you can hear

539
00:34:11,919 --> 00:34:15,227
and if you do that drugs
won't stand a chance.

540
00:34:15,270 --> 00:34:18,534
Mrs. Reagan just
took it on instinctively.

541
00:34:18,578 --> 00:34:23,844
She had seen enough drug
problems in kids and she
just took it on as a mother.

542
00:34:23,887 --> 00:34:26,238
It was interesting because
when I first met her,

543
00:34:26,281 --> 00:34:30,938
I said, "Mrs. Reagan, I have
to confess, I'm a Democrat
and I'm even an L word."

544
00:34:30,981 --> 00:34:33,767
She said, "An L word?"
I said, "A Liberal."
She said, "That's fine.

545
00:34:33,810 --> 00:34:36,117
This is bipartisan
as I understand."

546
00:34:36,161 --> 00:34:38,859
And I said, "Yes, indeed."
And she said, "Well, we're
gonna keep it that way."

547
00:34:38,902 --> 00:34:42,732
She took it on as a mother,
not as a First Lady.

548
00:34:42,776 --> 00:34:46,954
In fact, her staff didn't want
her to take it on and when
she came up with the idea,

549
00:34:46,997 --> 00:34:49,696
let's invite the First Ladies
of the world to come,

550
00:34:49,739 --> 00:34:51,611
many people
thought she was nuts,

551
00:34:51,654 --> 00:34:54,831
but that was an incredibly
impressive and effective thing.

552
00:34:54,875 --> 00:34:59,314
And as we have found out,
you know, moms are something
to be reckoned with

553
00:34:59,358 --> 00:35:00,576
all over the world.

554
00:35:02,535 --> 00:35:06,495
Ronald Reagan, you know,
he could see the political
utility of the drug war

555
00:35:06,539 --> 00:35:09,150
and he's- and he's
certainly profited.

556
00:35:09,194 --> 00:35:12,893
Leading medical researchers
are coming to the conclusion

557
00:35:13,415 --> 00:35:16,766
that marijuana, pot, grass,
whatever you want to call it,

558
00:35:16,810 --> 00:35:20,770
is probably the most
dangerous drug
in the United States

559
00:35:20,814 --> 00:35:26,689
and we haven't begun to find out
all of the ill effects, but they
are permanent ill effects.

560
00:35:26,733 --> 00:35:33,566
My position was always that
the best way to handle a
drug problem is to prevent it,

561
00:35:33,609 --> 00:35:37,396
or to offer counseling
and cures,

562
00:35:38,136 --> 00:35:43,141
whereas for many other people
they thought the best way
was to stop it, to war it.

563
00:35:43,184 --> 00:35:45,621
There is only one way
to stop an epidemic

564
00:35:45,665 --> 00:35:49,190
and that is to isolate the virus
that causes it and destroy it.

565
00:35:49,234 --> 00:35:51,801
[MacDonald] The administration
did go in a different direction.

566
00:35:51,845 --> 00:35:57,329
They believed it was a balanced
approach. In my view, it was
balanced on the wrong side.

567
00:35:57,372 --> 00:36:01,594
The American people want
their government to get tough
and to go on the offensive

568
00:36:01,637 --> 00:36:03,509
and that's exactly
what we intend.

569
00:36:03,552 --> 00:36:06,251
You had Reagan come in
and say this is all nonsense.

570
00:36:06,294 --> 00:36:09,689
It's all evil people,
doing evil things.

571
00:36:09,732 --> 00:36:12,213
It doesn't matter what
drug they're using.

572
00:36:12,257 --> 00:36:16,391
We need to worry about
putting in prison these
malevolent people

573
00:36:16,435 --> 00:36:19,829
who are doing these
bad things and that
will stop drug use.

574
00:36:19,873 --> 00:36:22,005
Drugs are menacing our society.

575
00:36:22,049 --> 00:36:25,705
They're threatening our
values and undercutting
our institutions.

576
00:36:25,748 --> 00:36:27,620
They're killing our children.

577
00:36:27,663 --> 00:36:29,970
Reagan was more of a
moralist than Richard Nixon.

578
00:36:30,013 --> 00:36:31,667
Richard Nixon
was not a moralist.

579
00:36:31,711 --> 00:36:35,410
Reagan-- Reagan's
presidency coincides with the-

580
00:36:35,454 --> 00:36:38,021
with the rise of the
evangelical churches...

581
00:36:38,065 --> 00:36:41,242
Hallelujah! You cannot
drug the Holy Ghost!

582
00:36:41,286 --> 00:36:43,592
You can't do it, drug addict!

583
00:36:43,636 --> 00:36:48,771
The Holy Ghost will follow
you to hell and back to
bring you to Jesus Christ!

584
00:36:48,815 --> 00:36:52,601
He can set you free from drugs
and put something in your life

585
00:36:52,645 --> 00:36:54,386
that will make
life worth living!

586
00:36:56,736 --> 00:36:59,260
Conservatives in
general took the view,

587
00:36:59,304 --> 00:37:03,612
people commit crimes
and people use drugs
because they're bad people.

588
00:37:03,656 --> 00:37:09,488
And the appropriate
response is to punish them.

589
00:37:09,531 --> 00:37:13,361
And they say this
with some justification.

590
00:37:13,405 --> 00:37:15,581
They would say the liberal idea

591
00:37:15,624 --> 00:37:20,020
that root causes are
behind things like
crime and drug abuse,

592
00:37:20,063 --> 00:37:22,892
is to say that everybody
who is poor,

593
00:37:22,936 --> 00:37:26,200
and everybody who is black
is potentially a criminal.

594
00:37:27,157 --> 00:37:32,032
And I'm a liberal, but I
can see where that is a--

595
00:37:33,163 --> 00:37:35,688
that is an unpleasant
place to go.

596
00:37:35,731 --> 00:37:39,648
We're fighting the crusade
for a drug-free America
on many fronts.

597
00:37:39,692 --> 00:37:44,305
We've substantially increased
the number of federal
prosecutors and agents.

598
00:37:44,349 --> 00:37:46,829
When I first started working
undercover,

599
00:37:46,873 --> 00:37:50,659
we had a very, very,
small statewide drug unit.

600
00:37:50,703 --> 00:37:55,142
There were five people
on my team, which had
all of Southern Maryland.

601
00:37:55,185 --> 00:38:01,540
Almost like overnight,
we went from a little
small unit to a bureau.

602
00:38:01,583 --> 00:38:05,587
We ended up adding
another Bureau to the
Maryland State Police.

603
00:38:06,371 --> 00:38:10,766
So, now you're talking
about hundreds of
undercover operatives

604
00:38:10,810 --> 00:38:13,203
throughout the state of
Maryland in just a few years.

605
00:38:13,247 --> 00:38:17,120
And as we go into Regan
and that federal
money starts pouring in,

606
00:38:17,164 --> 00:38:20,907
our pay increased dramatically
during that period.

607
00:38:20,950 --> 00:38:26,216
And that's why so many
cops liked Ronald Reagan,
because we got raises.

608
00:39:04,559 --> 00:39:08,215
The federal government
gives grants to every state,

609
00:39:08,258 --> 00:39:10,478
county, and municipal
police department

610
00:39:10,522 --> 00:39:13,742
every year based on one thing:

611
00:39:14,395 --> 00:39:20,488
how many drug arrests did you
make the year before? The more
drug arrests, the more money.

612
00:39:20,967 --> 00:39:26,189
Where do you think police
administrators are going to
focus their police officers now?

613
00:39:26,233 --> 00:39:29,236
They don't get paid for
arresting people for murder,

614
00:39:29,279 --> 00:39:34,720
they don't get paid for
arresting rapists, they get paid
for arresting drug violators.

615
00:39:34,763 --> 00:39:38,201
It's the only crime
in the United States
where police officers

616
00:39:38,245 --> 00:39:41,291
get paid extra money
for making arrests.

617
00:39:41,335 --> 00:39:44,686
And the easier the
arrest is the more likely
they are to make it.

618
00:39:44,730 --> 00:39:49,125
So, we have what is called
low-hanging fruit and that's
where we make our arrest.

619
00:39:49,169 --> 00:39:52,346
[Franklin] Most of our
efforts by large are for
marijuana enforcement.

620
00:39:52,390 --> 00:39:56,219
And I think this is one of the
reasons why at the management
level you tend to see

621
00:39:56,263 --> 00:39:59,309
a lot of
resistance to the change in
marijuana laws,

622
00:39:59,353 --> 00:40:02,051
moving it from a place
of illegality to legality.

623
00:40:02,095 --> 00:40:09,145
I had seen too many of my
colleagues so wound up in
the idea of a war on drugs

624
00:40:09,189 --> 00:40:16,457
that they had decided that in
this particular situation, the
means are justified by the ends.

625
00:40:16,501 --> 00:40:21,201
So, anything they could
possibly do to get a drug
dealer off the street was okay.

626
00:40:22,071 --> 00:40:24,334
Some of them were
lying on the stand.

627
00:40:24,813 --> 00:40:27,903
Some of the guys felt like,
"If I see this dealer out there.

628
00:40:27,947 --> 00:40:29,818
I know he's been
dealing every day

629
00:40:29,862 --> 00:40:32,952
and I grab him at the one time
he doesn't have drugs on him,

630
00:40:33,431 --> 00:40:35,998
well, maybe I'll just
put some on him.

631
00:40:36,042 --> 00:40:41,003
He'll go to prison. I've done
my job." We even had a name for
it. It was called salting them.

632
00:40:44,442 --> 00:40:49,229
It distracts us from what we
should be doing, finding
the murderers, the rapists.

633
00:40:49,272 --> 00:40:54,364
When you arrest a rapist,
he's been terrorizing a
community or a neighborhood.

634
00:40:54,408 --> 00:40:56,149
You know what?
The rape stops.

635
00:40:56,192 --> 00:40:58,499
You arrest the drug dealer
who's hanging out on the corner,

636
00:40:58,543 --> 00:41:00,849
the drug selling
doesn't stop, folks.

637
00:41:00,893 --> 00:41:05,027
If at anything, we the
police, just cause the
temporary void in the market

638
00:41:05,071 --> 00:41:07,290
that other crews and gangs
are going to fight for.

639
00:41:07,334 --> 00:41:10,119
And they're gonna have
shootouts in an attempt
to fill that market.

640
00:41:10,163 --> 00:41:12,339
And then when you
have their shootout,

641
00:41:12,382 --> 00:41:15,473
then you have months
and months of retaliation
resulting from that.

642
00:41:15,516 --> 00:41:18,650
We call it clearing corners
and we create more violence

643
00:41:18,693 --> 00:41:21,479
in our neighborhoods and
communities when we do this.

644
00:41:21,522 --> 00:41:26,092
[reporter] Ten years ago the
efforts of Mrs. Dawson to stop
the drug-dealing backfired.

645
00:41:26,135 --> 00:41:30,357
Their home at 1401 East Preston Street was set on fire.

646
00:41:30,400 --> 00:41:35,405
Five children and Carnell
and Angela Dawson couldn't
escape a Molotov cocktail.

647
00:41:35,449 --> 00:41:37,495
When people say, "How did
the drug war get so violent?"

648
00:41:37,538 --> 00:41:40,541
It's like asking, how
did alcohol prohibition
get so violent?

649
00:41:40,585 --> 00:41:43,457
Drug markets had always had
an element of violence to them,

650
00:41:43,501 --> 00:41:47,069
but tied together with
other things going on in
our culture in the late 80's,

651
00:41:47,113 --> 00:41:50,551
early 90's met with--
then we had this
explosion of violence

652
00:41:50,595 --> 00:41:53,423
in American cities and
sometimes beyond the cities.

653
00:41:53,467 --> 00:41:55,774
[Reagan] We've also
strengthened the laws,

654
00:41:55,817 --> 00:42:00,822
so that we can now dispose
of property that was
bought with drug money.

655
00:42:01,431 --> 00:42:03,346
We don't have to give it back.

656
00:42:04,086 --> 00:42:06,045
The results:

657
00:42:06,088 --> 00:42:10,092
last year federal drug
agents confiscated over
half a billion dollars

658
00:42:10,136 --> 00:42:12,007
worth of drug-related assets.

659
00:42:12,051 --> 00:42:15,707
That's when civil forfeiture
policies came to life.

660
00:42:15,750 --> 00:42:20,407
Initially designed to go
after drug kingpins
and all their proceeds

661
00:42:20,450 --> 00:42:25,586
from their illegal
businesses, that's what civil
forfeiture policies were for.

662
00:42:25,630 --> 00:42:30,939
But then, there came a time
when we busted up most
of the major drug operations.

663
00:42:30,983 --> 00:42:35,683
We turned five major
organizations into five hundred
street corner operations.

664
00:42:35,727 --> 00:42:38,817
So, as the drug kingpins within
our communities went away

665
00:42:38,860 --> 00:42:43,822
and now everybody's out
there for themselves with
their own little operations,

666
00:42:43,865 --> 00:42:46,651
we didn't stop our
civil forfeiture policies,

667
00:42:46,694 --> 00:42:50,089
we just took those
civil forfeiture policies
and aimed them

668
00:42:50,132 --> 00:42:53,266
to every John Doe
citizen that's out there.

669
00:42:53,309 --> 00:42:55,485
You don't even have to
arrest somebody, you know.

670
00:42:55,529 --> 00:43:00,708
When you stop a car,
if you find that there's
a lot of money in that car

671
00:43:00,752 --> 00:43:02,275
then you can seize the money.

672
00:43:02,318 --> 00:43:05,060
And you don't even have
to arrest the person.

673
00:43:05,104 --> 00:43:08,237
And it quite literally
is a license to steal.

674
00:43:20,815 --> 00:43:26,125
The reason these forfeiture
dollars are so important
to police leaders

675
00:43:26,168 --> 00:43:32,871
is that they have discretion
to spend them any kind
of way that they choose fit.

676
00:43:32,914 --> 00:43:38,267
And whenever you give
a pile of money to a law
enforcement official

677
00:43:38,311 --> 00:43:44,534
with uncontrolled
spending limits that's a very,
very, bad place to be.

678
00:43:44,578 --> 00:43:46,798
How do you decide
forfeiture funds?

679
00:43:46,841 --> 00:43:48,669
There's some limitations
on it, you know.

680
00:43:48,713 --> 00:43:52,238
It's actually-- there's not
really on the forfeiture stuff.

681
00:43:52,281 --> 00:43:55,937
We just usually base it
on something that
would be nice to have.

682
00:43:55,981 --> 00:43:59,158
That we-- we can't get in
the budget, for instance.

683
00:44:00,333 --> 00:44:05,294
So, you know, we try not
to use it for things that
we need to depend on,

684
00:44:05,338 --> 00:44:07,470
you know, because we
need to go ahead and
have those purchased

685
00:44:07,514 --> 00:44:09,690
but it's kind of like pennies
from heaven, you know.

686
00:44:09,734 --> 00:44:11,866
It gets you a toy or something
that you need.

687
00:44:11,910 --> 00:44:14,086
This is the way we
typically look at it.

688
00:44:15,000 --> 00:44:21,267
Sometimes when you look
at the progress or lack of
progress on drug law or reform,

689
00:44:21,310 --> 00:44:25,401
you- you have to acknowledge
that it has a lot to do

690
00:44:25,445 --> 00:44:28,970
with whether there's been
a high-profile victim.

691
00:44:29,014 --> 00:44:32,452
And probably the best example
of that in my lifetime

692
00:44:32,495 --> 00:44:35,194
was a wonderful all-American
basketball player,

693
00:44:35,237 --> 00:44:39,067
drafted number one that year
by the Boston Celtics, Len Bias.

694
00:44:39,111 --> 00:44:40,939
He graduated from the
University of Maryland.

695
00:44:40,982 --> 00:44:43,811
He was the highest ranked
player in the entire country.

696
00:44:43,855 --> 00:44:47,075
[commentator] Notice how
he gets it under control
and then he goes up strong.

697
00:44:47,119 --> 00:44:49,817
He likes to see your big guys
do that. That's a big basket.

698
00:44:49,861 --> 00:44:52,515
[Baum] Congress is
very basketball crazy.

699
00:44:52,559 --> 00:44:55,388
Congress-- it's kind of
a basketball culture.

700
00:44:55,431 --> 00:45:00,523
And Len Bias for basketball
watching America, he was
America's sweetheart.

701
00:45:00,567 --> 00:45:05,311
The Boston Celtics
select Len Bias of the
University of Maryland.

702
00:45:05,354 --> 00:45:08,401
[Bias] I knew what was going
to happen when the guy came over
to me when I was sitting down

703
00:45:08,444 --> 00:45:12,927
and said, "Are you
packed to go to Boston?
And I said, "Uh, yes. I am."

704
00:45:12,971 --> 00:45:17,236
So, I'm happy to be picked by
Boston and I'm going to go out
there and play the best I can.

705
00:45:17,279 --> 00:45:25,505
June 19th, 1986, that
was the day that changed
the way we think about drugs,

706
00:45:25,548 --> 00:45:27,725
it changed
all kinds of policies.

707
00:45:27,768 --> 00:45:32,642
When Len Bias death
occurred, there was
enormous national media-

708
00:45:32,686 --> 00:45:34,819
international media
attention about it.

709
00:45:34,862 --> 00:45:38,779
Mr. Bias died of cocaine
intoxication,

710
00:45:39,345 --> 00:45:44,742
which interrupted
the normal electrical
activity of his brain.

711
00:45:44,785 --> 00:45:50,269
Up to Len Bias' death crack
cocaine had been on the streets
and thousands of kids had died.

712
00:45:50,312 --> 00:45:52,662
And a thousand people have
been incarcerated behind it,

713
00:45:52,706 --> 00:45:57,232
but because someone so famous
and someone so prominent died,

714
00:45:57,276 --> 00:46:00,061
all of a sudden it became
a national epidemic.

715
00:46:00,105 --> 00:46:05,371
It was a tragedy for him, it was
a tragedy for his family, but it
should not have been the basis

716
00:46:05,414 --> 00:46:09,679
to formulate national drug
policy, but it was for
a number of years.

717
00:46:11,507 --> 00:46:16,774
I call him the Archduke
Ferdinand of the
war on drugs because

718
00:46:18,253 --> 00:46:21,779
his death is perfect
for the drug war.

719
00:46:21,822 --> 00:46:24,303
Tip O'Neill is Speaker of
the House. He's a Democrat

720
00:46:24,869 --> 00:46:31,876
and he is screaming
at his staff, "Write me
some goddamn legislation.

721
00:46:31,919 --> 00:46:35,662
We need to get out
in front of this." "We"
meaning the Democrats.

722
00:46:35,705 --> 00:46:41,102
There weren't any
in-depth studies,
they weren't fact-based.

723
00:46:41,146 --> 00:46:43,365
They weren't evidence-based.

724
00:46:43,409 --> 00:46:45,454
[Baum] And what the
Democrats come up with...

725
00:46:45,498 --> 00:46:48,631
[man] The yea's are
97, the nays are 2.

726
00:46:48,675 --> 00:46:50,764
...is mandatory
minimum sentences.

727
00:46:50,808 --> 00:46:53,549
This is something that
had to be dealt with and
of course, you know,

728
00:46:53,593 --> 00:46:56,639
election year fever did
take hold of some people.

729
00:46:56,683 --> 00:47:01,427
[Baum] This idea is
manufactured that lenient
judges are letting drug users

730
00:47:01,470 --> 00:47:05,387
and drug dealers off too
easily and we are going
to tie the hands of judges.

731
00:47:05,431 --> 00:47:09,696
It is the most wildly
anti-democratic step
you can take.

732
00:47:09,739 --> 00:47:12,568
It was McCarthyism on steroids.

733
00:47:12,612 --> 00:47:17,138
It was McCarthyism with all
the hysteria and the paranoia
both externally and internally,

734
00:47:17,182 --> 00:47:19,532
but with this
extraordinary budget,

735
00:47:19,575 --> 00:47:23,710
and throwing not just a
handful of people behind
bars, but millions, millions.

736
00:47:23,753 --> 00:47:29,672
During the mid-1980's into the
later 1980's, it just got crazy.

737
00:47:29,716 --> 00:47:36,201
Mandatory minimum sentencing,
tougher drug sentencing laws,
and it was a complete disaster.

738
00:47:36,244 --> 00:47:41,902
If you look at this moment
in time on a graph of
incarceration for this country

739
00:47:41,946 --> 00:47:46,864
that's literally the beginning
of our prison population
boom in this country,

740
00:47:46,907 --> 00:47:51,520
going from, you know,
roughly around 500,000
people in prison in this country

741
00:47:51,564 --> 00:47:53,827
to where we are
today at 2.3 million.

742
00:47:53,871 --> 00:47:57,439
The gravest domestic
threat facing our
nation today is drugs.

743
00:47:57,483 --> 00:48:03,097
We need more prisons,
more jails, more courts,
more prosecutors.

744
00:48:03,141 --> 00:48:06,057
We are determined
to enforce the law.

745
00:48:06,100 --> 00:48:08,276
Punishment that
is swift and certain.

746
00:48:08,320 --> 00:48:11,018
You will be caught
and when you're caught,

747
00:48:11,062 --> 00:48:16,763
you will be prosecuted
and once you're convicted,
you will do time.

748
00:48:16,806 --> 00:48:20,114
Caught, prosecuted, punished.

749
00:48:48,969 --> 00:48:51,015
While I was a judge,

750
00:48:51,058 --> 00:48:53,539
it was a learning
experience because
I'm a former drug warrior

751
00:48:53,582 --> 00:48:55,715
who used to prosecute
those drug cases,

752
00:48:55,758 --> 00:48:58,892
but I'd see us churning
low-level drug offenders
through the system

753
00:48:58,936 --> 00:49:01,155
in my own courtroom
for no good purpose.

754
00:49:01,199 --> 00:49:04,637
So, I did something
extremely unusual for
a sitting trial court judge

755
00:49:04,680 --> 00:49:07,161
and on April the 8, 1992,

756
00:49:07,205 --> 00:49:10,469
held a press conference telling
the world as much as I could

757
00:49:10,512 --> 00:49:14,864
that our system of drug
policy was not working,
drug prohibition did not work,

758
00:49:14,908 --> 00:49:18,520
and we'd have to come
to our senses because
there were alternatives.

759
00:49:18,564 --> 00:49:21,567
The tougher we get with regard
to marijuana prosecution,

760
00:49:21,610 --> 00:49:23,917
literally, from my
experience as a judge

761
00:49:23,961 --> 00:49:26,572
and I have seen this on
in Orange County forever,

762
00:49:26,615 --> 00:49:29,792
the softer we get with the
prosecution of everything else,

763
00:49:29,836 --> 00:49:32,970
and that is something that
we simply have so many resources

764
00:49:33,013 --> 00:49:35,929
and if we're spending them
in prosecutions of marijuana,

765
00:49:35,973 --> 00:49:40,107
we are not spending them
for prosecutions
of rape, homicide, etc.

766
00:49:40,151 --> 00:49:45,634
I have seen numbers of federal
judges appointed by people like
Nixon and Reagan, for example.

767
00:49:45,678 --> 00:49:49,073
I mean they're really
conservative people
on the bench in tears

768
00:49:49,116 --> 00:49:53,251
because the law forced
them to have to sentence
this person standing

769
00:49:53,294 --> 00:49:56,210
in front of them to 20
to 30 years in prison.

770
00:49:56,254 --> 00:49:57,820
And they apologize.

771
00:49:57,864 --> 00:50:00,127
What they say, "I have to do
this. I have to follow the law."

772
00:50:00,171 --> 00:50:03,391
It's great politics but
it's rotten government.

773
00:50:03,435 --> 00:50:05,654
Just wipe me out, straight
off the mouth for nothing.

774
00:50:05,698 --> 00:50:07,917
Put yourself here for such
a small wrong, you know.

775
00:50:07,961 --> 00:50:10,659
You know what I'm saying?
I want to know why
I'm being treated

776
00:50:10,703 --> 00:50:12,226
like I murdered
somebody, you know.

777
00:50:13,097 --> 00:50:16,709
Politicians want to get
reelected, plain and simple.

778
00:50:17,275 --> 00:50:21,844
And one of the issues is that
they suck from the same trough

779
00:50:21,888 --> 00:50:25,109
that they see others
making headway with.

780
00:50:25,152 --> 00:50:29,852
In 25 years, crime has
been a hot political issue,

781
00:50:30,505 --> 00:50:32,681
used too often to divide us

782
00:50:33,421 --> 00:50:38,600
while the system makes
excuses for not punishing
criminals in doing the job.

783
00:50:38,644 --> 00:50:44,171
Under Clinton, Clinton
sort of said, "Well, you
want a war on drugs?

784
00:50:44,215 --> 00:50:47,305
I'll hire this general
and run it."

785
00:50:47,348 --> 00:50:51,526
And so, he used very
much the military model

786
00:50:51,570 --> 00:50:53,354
to deal with the drug problem.

787
00:50:53,398 --> 00:50:57,097
I mean I-- I know well
and like Barry McCaffrey,

788
00:50:57,141 --> 00:51:02,711
but he came with
zero knowledge or
experience with drug abuse.

789
00:51:02,755 --> 00:51:07,673
General McCaffrey has faced
down many threats to America's
security from guerilla warfare

790
00:51:07,716 --> 00:51:12,721
in the jungles of Vietnam to the
unprecedented ground war
in the sands of Desert Storm.

791
00:51:13,461 --> 00:51:18,510
Now, he faces a more insidious,
but no less formidable
enemy in illegal drugs.

792
00:51:18,553 --> 00:51:26,039
As much as I admired President
Clinton, I thought his criminal
justice policies were misguided.

793
00:51:26,083 --> 00:51:29,303
Those who commit crimes
should be punished.

794
00:51:29,347 --> 00:51:34,395
And those who commit repeated
violent crimes should be told.

795
00:51:34,439 --> 00:51:39,618
When you commit a third
violent crime, you will be put
away and put away for good.

796
00:51:39,661 --> 00:51:42,490
Three strikes and you are out.

797
00:51:43,187 --> 00:51:47,147
I think he knew better
and I think he would
acknowledge that now.

798
00:51:47,191 --> 00:51:51,630
I signed a bill that made
the problem worse
and I want to admit it.

799
00:51:52,152 --> 00:51:54,937
In that bill there were
longer sentences

800
00:51:56,983 --> 00:52:04,599
and most of these people are
in prison under state law, but
the federal law set a trend.

801
00:52:06,514 --> 00:52:09,126
And that was overdone.
We were wrong about that.

802
00:52:09,648 --> 00:52:14,261
A law-abiding person, it might
sound like it makes sense.

803
00:52:14,305 --> 00:52:19,005
You're gonna go commit
three felonies, obviously,
you're a habitual criminal

804
00:52:19,048 --> 00:52:21,660
and you're not gonna go back.

805
00:52:21,703 --> 00:52:25,229
But you don't understand, you
know, I've had guys that went to
jail for fighting with a girl,

806
00:52:25,272 --> 00:52:30,625
okay? That's the felony
and then inside prison,
catch two more.

807
00:52:31,104 --> 00:52:33,672
You can strike out in jail.
People don't know that.

808
00:52:33,715 --> 00:52:38,198
So, you could be a square
guy to go to jail for
DUI, end up going to jail.

809
00:52:38,242 --> 00:52:40,635
End up somebody
tries to rape you.

810
00:52:40,679 --> 00:52:44,161
You catch a felony in there
and he you're on your way
to the three-strikes.

811
00:52:44,204 --> 00:52:47,076
I definitely know
it was a foul law.

812
00:52:47,120 --> 00:52:51,211
I know that it-- it's--
it's got a lot of
people stuck for life

813
00:52:51,255 --> 00:52:53,866
that don't deserve
being in there for life.

814
00:52:53,909 --> 00:52:58,218
There was a U.S. senator from
Virginia named Jim Webb who
was looking at these statistics.

815
00:52:58,262 --> 00:53:05,138
We have 5% of the world's
population, 25% of the world's
known prison population

816
00:53:05,182 --> 00:53:11,057
and at the same time, we
have about 7 million people
who have been involved

817
00:53:11,100 --> 00:53:14,191
in the criminal justice system
in one way or another.

818
00:53:14,234 --> 00:53:19,500
Many of them who were
marked for life with the stigma
of having been in prison.

819
00:53:19,544 --> 00:53:22,764
Either we are the most
criminally minded
people in the world,

820
00:53:22,808 --> 00:53:25,114
or we're doing something
wrong. Which do you think?

821
00:53:25,158 --> 00:53:28,379
A shocking new study by the
American Civil Liberties Union

822
00:53:28,422 --> 00:53:31,773
has found that more than
3200 people nationwide

823
00:53:31,817 --> 00:53:35,821
are serving life terms without
parole for nonviolent offenses.

824
00:53:35,864 --> 00:53:41,087
The crimes that led to life
sentences include stealing
gas from a truck, shoplifting,

825
00:53:41,130 --> 00:53:45,439
possessing a crack pipe,
facilitating a ten-dollar
sale of marijuana,

826
00:53:45,483 --> 00:53:48,225
and attempting to
cash a stolen check.

827
00:53:48,268 --> 00:53:53,317
Of those prisoners 80%
are behind bars for
drug-related crimes.

828
00:53:53,360 --> 00:53:59,845
65% are African-American, 18%
are white and 16% are Latino.

829
00:53:59,888 --> 00:54:04,415
Evidence of what
the ACLU calls extreme
racial disparities.

830
00:54:04,458 --> 00:54:07,635
You know, one of the issues
that's tremendously sad

831
00:54:07,679 --> 00:54:10,812
is what's happened
to the black community,

832
00:54:10,856 --> 00:54:16,296
where so many fathers
are separated now
from their families.

833
00:54:16,340 --> 00:54:19,604
And that's been a real concern
of ours is this racial bias,

834
00:54:19,647 --> 00:54:22,476
not only in penalties, but
also in reporting and things.

835
00:54:22,520 --> 00:54:28,439
If you were to randomly
stop a hundred black kids
and a hundred white kids

836
00:54:28,482 --> 00:54:32,660
in any neighborhood
in America, roughly
the same percent

837
00:54:32,704 --> 00:54:35,228
would have a little bit
of weed in their pocket,

838
00:54:35,881 --> 00:54:41,147
but in virtually every
city in America, the
black kid is three,

839
00:54:41,190 --> 00:54:45,847
five to ten times more likely
to be stopped and arrested
and given a criminal record

840
00:54:45,891 --> 00:54:47,458
than the white kid.

841
00:54:47,501 --> 00:54:50,156
And most people, including
white people who are

842
00:54:50,199 --> 00:54:52,289
kind of indifferent to
the issues around race,

843
00:54:52,332 --> 00:54:54,291
kind of get that
that's not fair.

844
00:54:54,334 --> 00:54:57,946
[Cole] In the most racist,
political regime
in modern history,

845
00:54:57,990 --> 00:55:00,645
that would be the apartheid
government of South Africa,

846
00:55:00,688 --> 00:55:03,735
in 1993, the year
before that fell,

847
00:55:03,778 --> 00:55:08,479
they imprisoned black
men at the rate of 851
per hundred thousand.

848
00:55:08,522 --> 00:55:14,049
But you know, in the United
States by 2008, under our
prohibition government,

849
00:55:14,093 --> 00:55:18,663
we imprisoned black men
eight or nine times the rate
we imprison white people.

850
00:55:19,664 --> 00:55:24,495
Anybody who looks at that
one statistic and doesn't
see institutionalized racism

851
00:55:26,105 --> 00:55:28,194
must have a sheet
over their head.

852
00:55:28,237 --> 00:55:31,763
The war on drugs is
like the new Jim Crow.

853
00:55:31,806 --> 00:55:36,115
It is aimed at controlling
black folks and making
money off folk.

854
00:55:36,158 --> 00:55:40,337
Think of the money that's
being made off of all
these black folks in prison.

855
00:55:40,380 --> 00:55:43,818
The people at the bottom,
let's keep them at the bottom.

856
00:55:43,862 --> 00:55:45,864
And this is an easy
way to do it.

857
00:55:45,907 --> 00:55:48,649
Incarcerate them,
decimate their families,

858
00:55:48,693 --> 00:55:52,392
destroy their chances of
making it into the world.

859
00:55:52,436 --> 00:55:55,439
Once they go to prison,
they'll never get a chance to-

860
00:55:55,482 --> 00:55:58,529
even if they now want
to be legit, move up.

861
00:55:59,356 --> 00:56:03,229
It's a fucked up paradox
that gets you stuck.

862
00:56:04,535 --> 00:56:09,148
The people who are suffering
the most are the citizens.

863
00:56:09,191 --> 00:56:13,195
These are the people
who every day deal with
the increased murder rate,

864
00:56:13,239 --> 00:56:17,678
whether it's Chicago, whether
it's Baltimore, whether
it's Newark, New Jersey,

865
00:56:17,722 --> 00:56:19,376
whether it's Washington, DC.

866
00:56:19,419 --> 00:56:21,682
It's the citizens that live
in these communities

867
00:56:21,726 --> 00:56:25,338
where these gangs and
crews are fighting each other
every day over corners.

868
00:56:26,034 --> 00:56:28,123
I think most people fail
to realize, even cops.

869
00:56:28,167 --> 00:56:29,821
They are also victims
of the war on drugs.

870
00:56:29,864 --> 00:56:32,432
They are serious victims
of the war on drugs.

871
00:56:32,476 --> 00:56:36,654
All you have to do is turn on
any TV and look at the news, or
turn on YouTube and see the-

872
00:56:36,697 --> 00:56:41,615
the dissension, the hate
and the problems that we
have between police and-

873
00:56:41,659 --> 00:56:45,358
and mainly our poor,
black, and brown
communities because of this.

874
00:56:47,316 --> 00:56:50,537
When I started working on
the drug war in the early 90's

875
00:56:50,581 --> 00:56:54,715
to me what was most offensive
was the clamping down of debate

876
00:56:54,759 --> 00:56:58,589
to question the drug war was
tantamount to forbidden speech.

877
00:56:59,154 --> 00:57:05,726
We were really specifically
enjoined from debating our way

878
00:57:05,770 --> 00:57:10,035
toward a rational management
of drug abuse in this country.

879
00:57:10,078 --> 00:57:14,474
If you want to put the
drug dealer out of business
overnight is legalize drugs.

880
00:57:14,518 --> 00:57:15,910
There's no drug dealer.

881
00:57:15,954 --> 00:57:16,998
[arguing]

882
00:57:18,565 --> 00:57:23,309
It's slime like you in the
White House, I'd puke on you!

883
00:57:24,179 --> 00:57:25,529
[crowd cheer]

884
00:57:33,275 --> 00:57:38,803
I they think there is a sense
in which the fanaticism
and the willful propaganda...

885
00:57:38,846 --> 00:57:42,284
One of the DEA judge said they
compared intoxicity to aspirin.

886
00:57:42,328 --> 00:57:44,635
Marijuana is
overwhelmingly safer.

887
00:57:44,678 --> 00:57:49,466
He says that marijuana--
he said that marijuana is
perhaps one of the most-

888
00:57:49,509 --> 00:57:52,599
safest psychoactive substances
ever known to man.

889
00:57:52,643 --> 00:57:53,905
[crowd laughs]

890
00:57:54,514 --> 00:57:58,387
Very simply--
everybody please...

891
00:57:58,431 --> 00:58:03,436
Mayor Koch talks about
throwing youthers into jail.

892
00:58:03,480 --> 00:58:04,872
[arguing]

893
00:58:07,396 --> 00:58:12,445
I actually think that they
helped to delegitimize the
anti-marijuana movement.

894
00:58:12,489 --> 00:58:16,449
Its extremism is part
of what brings it down.

895
00:58:16,493 --> 00:58:21,541
If you quit drugs, you
join the fight against
terrorism in America.

896
00:58:21,585 --> 00:58:27,939
The early days of the war
on terror were scary and
I-- it just seemed to me

897
00:58:27,982 --> 00:58:34,249
that the public was in no
mood for patent political
nonsense surrounding it.

898
00:58:35,599 --> 00:58:42,388
It seems to me that
in the United States,
we've always had a demon.

899
00:58:42,431 --> 00:58:48,525
That something in American
political culture requires
us to have a demon.

900
00:58:48,568 --> 00:58:50,309
You know, go back to Salem.

901
00:58:52,485 --> 00:58:54,182
Alcohol was a demon.

902
00:58:54,226 --> 00:58:58,186
I say alcohol must go!

903
00:58:59,666 --> 00:59:02,364
[Baum] Communism was
a demon for a long time.

904
00:59:02,408 --> 00:59:06,412
[man] In recognizing
a communist, physical
appearance counts for nothing.

905
00:59:06,978 --> 00:59:11,635
If he openly declares himself
to be a communist,
we take his word for it.

906
00:59:11,678 --> 00:59:16,030
[Baum] And all kinds of things
were justified in the name
of fighting communism.

907
00:59:16,988 --> 00:59:20,992
It seemed very clear to me
at the end of the-- of the
80's, in the early 90's

908
00:59:21,035 --> 00:59:25,300
that we were just pivoting
to this new demon and now
we have a war on terror.

909
00:59:25,344 --> 00:59:32,090
Our war on terror begins
with al-Qaeda, but it
does not end there.

910
00:59:33,352 --> 00:59:37,312
It will not end until every
terrorist group of global reach

911
00:59:37,878 --> 00:59:42,622
has been found,
stopped and defeated.

912
00:59:42,666 --> 00:59:47,845
[Baum] We have torqued our
Constitution into a pretzel in
the name of the war on terror,

913
00:59:47,888 --> 00:59:52,153
the way we did with drugs,
a generation before that.

914
00:59:52,197 --> 00:59:53,764
This is what we do.

915
00:59:56,070 --> 01:00:02,076
When 9/11 happened, I remember
that morning thinking, "And
here we go again," you know.

916
01:00:02,120 --> 01:00:03,730
"It is happening again."

917
01:00:05,253 --> 01:00:11,042
The drug war then felt the way
the war on terror feels now.

918
01:00:11,085 --> 01:00:16,351
It's very hard to question the
premises of the war on terror.

919
01:00:16,395 --> 01:00:18,745
You got to be very careful.

920
01:00:18,789 --> 01:00:22,793
Maybe in 25 years, we'll
be able to talk about the
war on terror more openly

921
01:00:22,836 --> 01:00:24,969
and more casually
than we do now.

922
01:00:25,012 --> 01:00:30,583
We are free now
to rationally debate

923
01:00:30,627 --> 01:00:35,327
different ways of managing
the problem of drug
abuse in this country

924
01:00:35,370 --> 01:00:37,372
and I celebrate that.

925
01:00:37,416 --> 01:00:40,985
The fact of the matter is
psychoactive drugs have existed

926
01:00:41,028 --> 01:00:43,030
in most societies
throughout the world.

927
01:00:43,074 --> 01:00:45,598
There's almost never
been a human society

928
01:00:45,642 --> 01:00:49,254
that did not use
one psychoactive
drug or another, right?

929
01:00:49,297 --> 01:00:54,520
We know that these drugs can
be used for good, as medicines,
for spiritual benefits,

930
01:00:54,563 --> 01:00:59,220
for relaxation, and we
also know that these
drugs can be used for bad.

931
01:00:59,264 --> 01:01:02,746
It can be used in ways
that cause horrible
devastation to human bodies

932
01:01:02,789 --> 01:01:05,618
and human lives and
human community.

933
01:01:05,662 --> 01:01:08,621
[man] Gone are the pleasurable
sensations of the drug.

934
01:01:08,665 --> 01:01:11,755
Now, to feel normal, he
must have his narcotic.

935
01:01:11,798 --> 01:01:13,670
[Nadlemann] We're not
gonna get rid of drugs.

936
01:01:14,366 --> 01:01:17,369
We can't build a moat between
those drugs and our communities,

937
01:01:17,412 --> 01:01:21,155
between those drugs and
our schools, and our children.

938
01:01:21,199 --> 01:01:25,899
Therefore, the only real
choice is not to ask how
do we get rid of drugs?

939
01:01:25,943 --> 01:01:31,731
The only real choice is
to ask, how do we learn
to live with these drugs?

940
01:01:31,775 --> 01:01:35,126
How do we learn to
live with the reality of
psychoactive substances

941
01:01:35,169 --> 01:01:40,479
in our midst in such a
way that they cause
the least possible harm

942
01:01:40,522 --> 01:01:44,222
and, in some cases, the
greatest possible benefit?

943
01:01:44,265 --> 01:01:47,791
'96 we got medical
marijuana in California.

944
01:01:47,834 --> 01:01:49,749
It changed the world.

945
01:01:49,793 --> 01:01:54,406
It was a political success and
now it's sweeping the country.

946
01:01:54,449 --> 01:01:58,845
[reporter] Ten states have
passed laws permitting the
use of medical marijuana.

947
01:01:58,889 --> 01:02:01,935
Polling has shown that a
large majority of Americans

948
01:02:01,979 --> 01:02:04,590
consistently support the
use of medical marijuana.

949
01:02:04,633 --> 01:02:08,725
I can vouch for the fact that
some very sick people are
benefitted from marijuana.

950
01:02:08,768 --> 01:02:13,033
Sick people that have
AIDS and cancer can use
marijuana and benefit by...

951
01:02:13,077 --> 01:02:15,383
People are actually
moving to Colorado

952
01:02:15,427 --> 01:02:17,821
to gain access to a special
kind of medical marijuana.

953
01:02:17,864 --> 01:02:21,172
Arizona's first legal
medical marijuana...

954
01:02:21,215 --> 01:02:23,783
[reporter] Boston's very first a
medical marijuana dispensary.

955
01:02:23,827 --> 01:02:26,003
Sixty-five medical marijuana
dispensaries...

956
01:02:26,046 --> 01:02:28,353
[reporter] Heading
today patients can
legally buy medical...

957
01:02:28,396 --> 01:02:29,920
[reporter] Marijuana
laws now in effect...

958
01:02:29,963 --> 01:02:31,704
Trying to legalize
marijuana from...

959
01:02:31,748 --> 01:02:33,793
...South Carolina to the...

960
01:02:33,837 --> 01:02:36,448
Marijuana will soon
be available at New
York state sanction.

961
01:02:36,491 --> 01:02:38,189
Medical marijuana
is officially legal by law.

962
01:02:38,232 --> 01:02:39,668
It is open for business.

963
01:02:39,712 --> 01:02:40,887
No more!

964
01:02:40,931 --> 01:02:41,975
Drug war!

965
01:02:42,019 --> 01:02:43,020
No more!

966
01:02:43,063 --> 01:02:44,761
Drug war!

967
01:02:46,806 --> 01:02:51,115
When you look at what
the Obama administration
decided in the summer of 2013,

968
01:02:51,158 --> 01:02:54,248
when, you know,
Attorney General Holder in
the White House, essentially,

969
01:02:54,292 --> 01:02:57,817
gave Colorado and Washington
a qualified green light

970
01:02:57,861 --> 01:03:00,777
to proceed with implementing
their new legalization laws.

971
01:03:09,307 --> 01:03:14,703
What's remarkable is to
see the increase from barely
a quarter of the country

972
01:03:14,747 --> 01:03:19,752
favoring the legalization
of marijuana in the mid-80's
to close to 60% today.

973
01:03:19,796 --> 01:03:25,018
So, I think as with alcohol
policy, where basically we
have an extraordinary diversity

974
01:03:25,062 --> 01:03:27,934
of policies between different
localities in different states

975
01:03:27,978 --> 01:03:31,982
I think that we will have
and we need to have
a diversity of policies

976
01:03:32,025 --> 01:03:35,812
both with local norms
and preferences, and
also with good evidence.

977
01:03:35,855 --> 01:03:38,031
Drug war is ending.

978
01:03:38,553 --> 01:03:47,040
Marijuana is legal in multiple
jurisdictions in the United
States and around the world.

979
01:03:47,649 --> 01:03:51,436
The states of Colorado
and California and
Oregon and the others,

980
01:03:51,479 --> 01:03:55,048
they have decided
we are going to give up

981
01:03:56,528 --> 01:04:02,621
our power to arrest and harass
vast numbers of people.

982
01:04:02,664 --> 01:04:03,840
That's huge.

983
01:04:05,493 --> 01:04:09,367
I did not think I would live
long enough to see this.

984
01:04:10,107 --> 01:04:12,892
Um, the cat is out of the bag.

985
01:04:12,936 --> 01:04:14,459
The toothpaste
is out of the tube.

986
01:04:14,502 --> 01:04:17,897
You can put it any way
you want. It's happening.

987
01:04:17,941 --> 01:04:23,424
I try to be careful even
in my enthusiasm with all
the progress we've made

988
01:04:23,468 --> 01:04:26,036
in the last several years
towards full legalization.

989
01:04:26,079 --> 01:04:33,652
I still try to remind myself to
be cautious and not assume that
our total victory is inevitable

990
01:04:33,695 --> 01:04:38,918
because I learned in the
70's that public opinion
sometimes can shift

991
01:04:38,962 --> 01:04:40,615
and can shift fairly quickly.

992
01:04:40,659 --> 01:04:43,618
This drug is dangerous.
You cannot play with it.

993
01:04:43,662 --> 01:04:46,491
It's not funny. It's not
something to laugh about.

994
01:04:47,492 --> 01:04:50,277
Good people don't
smoke marijuana.

995
01:04:50,321 --> 01:04:53,715
It's a lot of money
to me being spent

996
01:04:55,892 --> 01:04:58,416
to not solve the problem.

997
01:04:58,982 --> 01:05:00,635
It didn't solve the problem.

998
01:05:00,679 --> 01:05:04,161
I don't think the war on
drugs stopped drugs ever.

999
01:05:04,204 --> 01:05:06,903
I don't think anyone's
ever said I can't get high.

1000
01:05:07,642 --> 01:05:10,994
What I would hope is, is
that we're less focused
on warehousing people

1001
01:05:11,037 --> 01:05:13,518
as opposed to
rehabilitating people.

1002
01:05:13,561 --> 01:05:17,696
The bottom line is, is
that you can push people into
the criminal justice system.

1003
01:05:17,739 --> 01:05:23,006
You can fill up the jails and
the prison, but if you aren't
doing something to change

1004
01:05:23,049 --> 01:05:27,184
that person's mindset
while they're in that
system, or more importantly,

1005
01:05:27,227 --> 01:05:30,274
change their support system when
they come out on the back end,

1006
01:05:30,317 --> 01:05:32,319
it becomes a vicious cycle.

1007
01:05:32,363 --> 01:05:38,282
By far the greatest value
would be to educate,
to prevent, to early treat-

1008
01:05:38,325 --> 01:05:40,806
that's not the way
the budget works out.

1009
01:05:40,849 --> 01:05:43,287
I am not a fan of
long sentences.

1010
01:05:43,330 --> 01:05:46,203
I don't think that's a great
idea for anybody, really.

1011
01:05:46,246 --> 01:05:49,989
It's expensive and I
think to me what's
important in corrections

1012
01:05:50,033 --> 01:05:52,470
is community corrections,
helping people.

1013
01:05:52,513 --> 01:05:55,864
But you've got to be tough
enough to say, "If a guy's
not going to support this,

1014
01:05:55,908 --> 01:05:59,172
they can go with the
program, or you have
to be able to go to jail."

1015
01:05:59,216 --> 01:06:04,308
I am very interested in
using the criminal justice
to promote public health.

1016
01:06:04,351 --> 01:06:08,877
We do need criminal justice
and we do need treatment and
we want them to work together

1017
01:06:08,921 --> 01:06:10,531
a lot better than they are.

1018
01:06:10,575 --> 01:06:12,011
Now that's not popular.

1019
01:06:12,055 --> 01:06:14,318
You got to make a
choice, Dr. DuPont.

1020
01:06:14,361 --> 01:06:17,364
Do you believe in prison,
or do you believe in treatment?
Oh, I believe in both.

1021
01:06:17,408 --> 01:06:19,801
Oh, well, you're a
criminal justice guy.

1022
01:06:19,845 --> 01:06:21,847
No that's not true.

1023
01:06:21,890 --> 01:06:25,024
And I think every
effort it should be made
in the prison population

1024
01:06:25,068 --> 01:06:27,896
to have real job
training programs and
rehabilitation programs

1025
01:06:27,940 --> 01:06:29,724
because so many
of those people

1026
01:06:29,768 --> 01:06:32,292
who get involved when they're
teenagers are very young.

1027
01:06:32,336 --> 01:06:34,991
They aren't making
real choices to do this.

1028
01:06:35,034 --> 01:06:37,210
They're caught up in something.

1029
01:06:37,254 --> 01:06:41,649
Being around weed my whole life,
and being around Cypress Hill,
being around Snoop Dogg,

1030
01:06:41,693 --> 01:06:48,569
being around my buddy Shiny
Shine and Beatmaster V who
smoked one continuous joint

1031
01:06:48,613 --> 01:06:52,704
all day long, you
know, I never found
a problem with weed.

1032
01:06:52,747 --> 01:06:54,488
I never smoked weed.

1033
01:06:54,532 --> 01:06:59,928
I sold weed, but I never
smoked it because I just was-

1034
01:06:59,972 --> 01:07:03,454
just always trying
to be hustling on all
cylinders at all times,

1035
01:07:03,497 --> 01:07:06,283
you know what I'm saying?
You know weed always
made me feel like

1036
01:07:06,326 --> 01:07:09,460
I gotta go to the gym
in an hour, you know.

1037
01:07:09,503 --> 01:07:15,074
We can fight about adults
about marijuana use, but we
don't have a fight about kids.

1038
01:07:15,118 --> 01:07:17,816
NORML doesn't
want the kids to do it.

1039
01:07:17,859 --> 01:07:20,906
The tobacco industry,
the alcohol industry,
at least officially,

1040
01:07:22,168 --> 01:07:23,517
don't want to do that.

1041
01:07:23,561 --> 01:07:26,303
We can cut together
on that issue.

1042
01:07:26,346 --> 01:07:28,957
When people start using
these drugs at later ages,

1043
01:07:29,001 --> 01:07:31,612
they're much less likely
to get strung out on them.

1044
01:07:31,656 --> 01:07:33,397
They're much less likely to
have them ruin their lives.

1045
01:07:33,440 --> 01:07:35,877
They got more at stake to lose.

1046
01:07:35,921 --> 01:07:39,316
That doesn't mean they
have no problem, but
it comes down with age.

1047
01:07:39,359 --> 01:07:45,626
The vulnerability is prior
to 21 or even 25 when
the brain is still developing.

1048
01:07:45,670 --> 01:07:54,548
I would argue that we need to
abandon our drug war mentality
and our war on drug mentality

1049
01:07:54,592 --> 01:07:58,378
not because these drugs aren't
dangerous, but because they are.

1050
01:07:58,422 --> 01:08:03,905
Now, let's turn it around and go
back with some of these people
in prison need to be set free.

1051
01:08:03,949 --> 01:08:05,864
They need to just let them go.

1052
01:08:05,907 --> 01:08:08,562
And they can do it,
they could free the beds.

1053
01:08:08,606 --> 01:08:14,177
They-- I mean, it's-- it's not
impossible to say, "Oh, you're
in here on a marijuana charge

1054
01:08:14,220 --> 01:08:18,181
where you've just been
expunged. And just go home."
And let them go home.

1055
01:08:18,224 --> 01:08:21,706
You know I'm saying? If
you're in here for marijuana,
plus you killed four people,

1056
01:08:21,749 --> 01:08:24,056
you guys stay.
You ain't getting out.

1057
01:08:24,100 --> 01:08:26,450
But if you're just here for
marijuana, go on home.

1058
01:08:26,493 --> 01:08:29,322
You know I'm saying? Go
home, figure it out, you know.

1059
01:08:29,931 --> 01:08:30,932
Why not?

1060
01:08:37,200 --> 01:08:39,115
♪♪♪

1061
01:10:40,148 --> 01:10:41,149
[music ends]