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495 00:33:27,839 --> 00:33:29,424 A school collapsed? 496 00:33:30,550 --> 00:33:31,426 Three dead? 497 00:33:32,218 --> 00:33:34,679 The children… We're very sorry. 498 00:33:34,762 --> 00:33:36,597 What was the cause? 499 00:33:37,890 --> 00:33:40,977 It was very old? What town is it in? 500 00:33:42,478 --> 00:33:44,689 Tenancingo, in the municipality of Tlalchapa. 501 00:33:44,772 --> 00:33:46,107 Write it down, please. 502 00:33:47,275 --> 00:33:51,029 [Palacio] Also, he also used to say, "I want to be buried…" 503 00:33:51,112 --> 00:33:53,531 With a bra covering my eyes 504 00:33:54,615 --> 00:33:58,119 and panties over my heart. 505 00:33:59,579 --> 00:34:02,915 That fat, ugly man? 506 00:34:02,999 --> 00:34:07,503 Yes, he threatened him. That governor was dangerous. 507 00:34:07,587 --> 00:34:09,255 He was afraid of him. 508 00:34:10,715 --> 00:34:13,760 It's ready to use. 509 00:34:14,594 --> 00:34:15,887 He was bloodthirsty. 510 00:34:16,679 --> 00:34:18,848 He killed several journalists 511 00:34:18,931 --> 00:34:22,435 and more people in Guerrero than anyone knows about. 512 00:34:23,019 --> 00:34:26,564 Manuel Buendía wrote about it constantly. 513 00:34:30,818 --> 00:34:34,989 They say they eat those who are soft. 514 00:34:36,282 --> 00:34:40,703 I'd rather be known for being tough than soft. 515 00:34:41,454 --> 00:34:44,040 I had breakfast with him once for an event. 516 00:34:44,123 --> 00:34:46,876 He bragged to me, 517 00:34:47,710 --> 00:34:52,006 "We barely have guerrillas anymore. We've turned them into fishermen." 518 00:34:52,090 --> 00:34:53,299 "And it's going great." 519 00:34:56,511 --> 00:34:58,137 I asked, "How's that, Rubén?" 520 00:34:58,221 --> 00:35:03,643 "We take them, and with the help of our friends in the Army, 521 00:35:03,726 --> 00:35:07,146 we drop them into the sea from a plane or a helicopter." 522 00:35:07,230 --> 00:35:08,981 "Some can't swim." 523 00:35:10,483 --> 00:35:11,317 That happened. 524 00:35:14,237 --> 00:35:16,114 [narrator] Let's remember his famous saying, 525 00:35:17,115 --> 00:35:20,701 "In Guerrero, there are no political prisoners or missing persons." 526 00:35:20,785 --> 00:35:22,370 "They're all dead." 527 00:35:23,913 --> 00:35:27,667 Naturally, Figueroa was very offended 528 00:35:27,750 --> 00:35:32,046 by the things Manuel revealed about his corrupt government. 529 00:35:33,131 --> 00:35:36,008 And since he had already killed people 530 00:35:36,509 --> 00:35:38,010 in the state of Guerrero, 531 00:35:38,719 --> 00:35:43,558 the threat against Manuel Buendía by a murderous governor was serious. 532 00:35:43,641 --> 00:35:45,518 [Mexican music playing] 533 00:35:45,601 --> 00:35:48,521 [narrator] The threat from Mr. Rubén, far from worrying me, 534 00:35:49,188 --> 00:35:51,649 now envelops me in a sort of armor 535 00:35:51,732 --> 00:35:57,113 against being run over, bar brawls, and even spoiled seafood. 536 00:35:58,781 --> 00:36:03,077 Manuel had what I would call a dark sense of humor. 537 00:36:04,328 --> 00:36:06,289 You noticed how… 538 00:36:07,874 --> 00:36:10,459 he would put together questions 539 00:36:10,543 --> 00:36:15,506 to be as venomous as possible towards the person being addressed. 540 00:36:16,549 --> 00:36:18,551 What will those young men become? 541 00:36:19,051 --> 00:36:20,469 What are they now? 542 00:36:21,012 --> 00:36:24,765 Well, they are psychopaths that, in the future, 543 00:36:24,849 --> 00:36:30,980 will be added to the collections of Mexico's criminal museum. 544 00:36:31,063 --> 00:36:33,357 [martial music playing] 545 00:36:41,073 --> 00:36:43,910 [Olea] I went to his office a few times. 546 00:36:43,993 --> 00:36:48,915 He called it the MIA, the Mexican Intelligence Agency, 547 00:36:48,998 --> 00:36:51,834 to poke fun at the CIA. 548 00:36:55,504 --> 00:36:56,964 I asked him, 549 00:36:57,048 --> 00:36:59,342 "Tell me, Don Manuel… 550 00:37:00,343 --> 00:37:03,846 where do you get your information from?" 551 00:37:05,264 --> 00:37:08,726 "Is it from your buddies at the Federal Security Directorate?" 552 00:37:08,809 --> 00:37:12,146 "Is it from the president's office?" 553 00:37:12,230 --> 00:37:13,564 He said, "Look, Jorge, 554 00:37:15,107 --> 00:37:17,902 it's all in the press." 555 00:37:17,985 --> 00:37:19,946 "But people don't know how to read." 556 00:37:20,613 --> 00:37:23,157 "You have to read the newspapers." 557 00:37:24,200 --> 00:37:26,327 "You have to read the sports section, 558 00:37:28,120 --> 00:37:30,081 the society pages, 559 00:37:31,874 --> 00:37:35,253 and especially the crime section." 560 00:37:36,337 --> 00:37:38,547 He would make clippings, 561 00:37:39,173 --> 00:37:41,467 and he would put them in little bags. 562 00:37:42,343 --> 00:37:45,680 [Soto] The archive started to grow. 563 00:37:45,763 --> 00:37:49,141 It went from 20 files 564 00:37:49,225 --> 00:37:53,020 to almost 4,000 files. 565 00:37:53,104 --> 00:37:55,314 I said, "It's true!" 566 00:37:55,398 --> 00:37:57,316 "This guy's discovering things 567 00:37:57,400 --> 00:38:01,862 that we see every day without realizing it." 568 00:38:02,446 --> 00:38:05,741 That is the eye of a real journalist. 569 00:38:07,660 --> 00:38:08,661 [whirring] 570 00:38:11,831 --> 00:38:14,083 [narrator] It's commonly accepted 571 00:38:14,166 --> 00:38:16,961 that the world's oldest profession is prostitution. 572 00:38:18,504 --> 00:38:23,175 But I would be willing to argue that espionage is just as old. 573 00:38:23,843 --> 00:38:27,722 It's possible that the oldest historical reference to espionage, 574 00:38:27,805 --> 00:38:30,099 to spies and their role in society, 575 00:38:30,975 --> 00:38:33,269 dates back to 4,000 years before Christ. 576 00:38:33,352 --> 00:38:37,898 It's found in Chapter 2, Verse 3 in the Book of Joshua. 577 00:38:39,358 --> 00:38:44,697 Joshua, son of Nun, secretly sent two spies from Shittim 578 00:38:44,780 --> 00:38:48,743 and said, "Go learn about Jericho and its land." 579 00:38:49,618 --> 00:38:53,956 They went to the house of a whore named Rahab 580 00:38:54,540 --> 00:38:55,541 and stayed there. 581 00:38:57,209 --> 00:39:00,880 Here, we see how two of the world's oldest professions 582 00:39:00,963 --> 00:39:02,923 come together in one scheme. 583 00:39:04,717 --> 00:39:09,013 Six thousand years later, things are more or less the same. 584 00:39:10,723 --> 00:39:11,724 [clamoring] 585 00:39:17,229 --> 00:39:20,107 On the ground, please! 586 00:39:22,276 --> 00:39:25,863 [Blanche Pietrich] The concept of the European Cold War 587 00:39:26,906 --> 00:39:30,576 reached a new height or had a second wave 588 00:39:30,659 --> 00:39:34,914 in Central America. 589 00:39:34,997 --> 00:39:38,751 The United States and the North American media 590 00:39:38,834 --> 00:39:43,547 thought or fabricated the idea 591 00:39:43,631 --> 00:39:48,302 that Nicaragua was fighting the last frontier against Communism 592 00:39:48,386 --> 00:39:51,764 and the remaining Soviet and Cuban influence in the continent. 593 00:39:52,640 --> 00:39:53,933 My fellow Americans… 594 00:39:54,016 --> 00:39:56,936 RONALD REAGAN PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 1980-1988 595 00:39:57,019 --> 00:39:59,939 …I ask for this time to tell you of some basic decisions 596 00:40:00,022 --> 00:40:01,649 which are yours to make. 597 00:40:01,732 --> 00:40:04,360 I believe it's my constitutional responsibility 598 00:40:04,443 --> 00:40:06,153 to place these matters before you. 599 00:40:06,237 --> 00:40:10,324 We do not start wars. We will never be the aggressor. 600 00:40:12,701 --> 00:40:15,579 [narrator] "Associate Thugs." El Sol de México. 601 00:40:16,497 --> 00:40:20,543 February 6, 1978, by Manuel Buendía. 602 00:40:22,169 --> 00:40:26,090 It is the US newspapers, and not those from the Soviet Union, 603 00:40:26,674 --> 00:40:29,385 that have recently provided evidence 604 00:40:29,468 --> 00:40:32,096 that the Reagan administration 605 00:40:32,763 --> 00:40:37,017 is directly involved in a series of attacks against Nicaragua 606 00:40:37,560 --> 00:40:40,146 which could be the prelude to an invasion. 607 00:40:43,566 --> 00:40:46,485 The Sandinista rule is a Communist reign of terror. 608 00:40:46,569 --> 00:40:50,322 They want to shoot their way into power and establish totalitarian rule. 609 00:40:50,406 --> 00:40:51,532 Thousands who fought 610 00:40:51,615 --> 00:40:54,618 with the Sandinistas have taken up arms against them 611 00:40:54,702 --> 00:40:56,620 and are now called the Contras. 612 00:40:56,704 --> 00:40:58,289 They are freedom fighters. 613 00:40:58,372 --> 00:41:00,958 We Americans should be proud 614 00:41:01,041 --> 00:41:03,377 of what we are trying to do in Central America. 615 00:41:03,461 --> 00:41:06,130 This is not only in our strategic interest. 616 00:41:06,213 --> 00:41:07,506 It is morally right 617 00:41:07,590 --> 00:41:10,968 that we want no hostile Communist colonies 618 00:41:11,093 --> 00:41:14,763 here in the Americas, South, Central, or North. 619 00:41:16,056 --> 00:41:19,351 Thank you, God bless you, and good night. 620 00:41:19,435 --> 00:41:26,150 At the very start of the war during the armed conflict in El Salvador, 621 00:41:27,026 --> 00:41:28,736 Nacho Rodríguez Terrazas 622 00:41:28,819 --> 00:41:31,947 was the first foreign journalist killed in El Salvador. 623 00:41:32,031 --> 00:41:34,450 IGNACIO RODRÍGUEZ WE CONTINUE YOUR WORK 624 00:41:34,533 --> 00:41:38,078 I called Manuel Buendía that night, completely in shock. 625 00:41:38,913 --> 00:41:41,957 Buendía gave me advice about what to do. 626 00:41:42,041 --> 00:41:45,127 We organized an impressive demonstration. 627 00:41:45,211 --> 00:41:47,963 We spoke to the media so that all of us would be there 628 00:41:48,047 --> 00:41:51,634 when Nacho Rodríguez Terrazas's body arrived. 629 00:41:52,593 --> 00:41:55,638 That was my first reality check. 630 00:41:55,721 --> 00:41:56,931 And for others too. 631 00:41:57,014 --> 00:42:00,768 [narrator] All Mexican journalists are shaken 632 00:42:00,851 --> 00:42:05,231 by the murder of our colleague Ignacio Rodríguez Terrazas. 633 00:42:05,314 --> 00:42:07,816 He died as he surely would have chosen. 634 00:42:08,692 --> 00:42:09,568 In action. 635 00:42:10,903 --> 00:42:14,823 He basically died in the arms of two other journalists 636 00:42:14,907 --> 00:42:17,368 who were filled with shock and rage. 637 00:42:18,827 --> 00:42:23,999 As long as there are honest journalists in Mexico, we will honor his name. 638 00:42:25,125 --> 00:42:27,419 Let's promise what we must promise. 639 00:42:28,128 --> 00:42:30,506 Let's risk what we must risk 640 00:42:30,589 --> 00:42:34,385 to be worthy colleagues to that 28-year-old young man 641 00:42:34,885 --> 00:42:36,262 who set the example. 642 00:42:39,431 --> 00:42:41,809 Whenever anything important happened, 643 00:42:42,685 --> 00:42:45,563 the next day, other columnists 644 00:42:46,230 --> 00:42:50,234 would write about it and give their analysis. 645 00:42:50,859 --> 00:42:54,280 Then you'd read Private Network, and it'd be about something else. 646 00:42:54,363 --> 00:42:57,825 Days would go by, and Manuel would write about other things. 647 00:42:58,409 --> 00:43:01,245 Until suddenly, there it'd be. 648 00:43:02,037 --> 00:43:03,914 [narrator] "Bombs from the Right." 649 00:43:04,039 --> 00:43:08,460 El Universal. February 2, 1978. 650 00:43:08,544 --> 00:43:11,338 The technique used to plant a bomb 651 00:43:11,422 --> 00:43:13,257 in the Cuban ambassador's car 652 00:43:13,340 --> 00:43:15,843 is 100% North American. 653 00:43:16,635 --> 00:43:19,471 Nothing is improvised. Nothing is left to chance. 654 00:43:19,972 --> 00:43:21,890 This isn't a game. 655 00:43:22,683 --> 00:43:24,435 Bombs are a message. 656 00:43:25,102 --> 00:43:29,481 Messages don't always say the same thing, nor are they sent by one person. 657 00:43:31,400 --> 00:43:37,906 Guadalajara has one of the oldest and most violent fascist organizations 658 00:43:37,990 --> 00:43:39,366 with the most members. 659 00:43:40,868 --> 00:43:43,454 The Tecos, these people from the far right, 660 00:43:43,537 --> 00:43:47,541 some of them have German heritage. 661 00:43:49,043 --> 00:43:53,339 They come from an almost pro-Nazi background. 662 00:43:55,591 --> 00:43:56,842 [typewriter clacking] 663 00:43:58,969 --> 00:44:00,429 FASCISTS? 664 00:44:01,805 --> 00:44:03,807 [narrator] Our fascism doesn't have a face. 665 00:44:03,891 --> 00:44:05,684 It's an act of nature. 666 00:44:06,185 --> 00:44:09,313 Like a sunset or a dust storm. 667 00:44:13,525 --> 00:44:16,528 Manuel had published some fierce articles 668 00:44:16,612 --> 00:44:20,282 against the University of Guadalajara. 669 00:44:20,366 --> 00:44:23,869 Because they were a far-right organization. 670 00:44:23,952 --> 00:44:25,871 They were dangerous, murderous… 671 00:44:26,705 --> 00:44:29,541 [narrator] It's headquartered at the Autonomous University of Guadalajara. 672 00:44:29,625 --> 00:44:32,461 It controls the majority of students and professors, 673 00:44:32,544 --> 00:44:34,588 and its symbol is an owl 674 00:44:34,672 --> 00:44:37,383 because it watches and lurks in the dark. 675 00:44:38,008 --> 00:44:44,473 In '67 or '66, I don't remember exactly, monitoring of Manuel Buendía began. 676 00:44:44,556 --> 00:44:47,559 JUDICIAL POLICE 677 00:44:47,643 --> 00:44:49,228 They ordered me to monitor him. 678 00:44:49,978 --> 00:44:52,773 -[interviewer] Who ordered you? -The heads of the Tecos. 679 00:44:57,528 --> 00:45:01,990 I was there when they gave the order to kill him whenever the chance arose. 680 00:45:02,991 --> 00:45:04,201 He was bothering them. 681 00:45:04,284 --> 00:45:07,079 THE AMERICAN AGENT WHO THREW THE GRENADE DIDN'T ACT ALONE 682 00:45:07,162 --> 00:45:12,126 He was an observer with a keen eye 683 00:45:12,209 --> 00:45:14,461 for published information. 684 00:45:14,545 --> 00:45:20,509 Maybe he would find an article in one of the sections of the newspaper 685 00:45:21,427 --> 00:45:26,473 about a shipment of weapons that was detected at the border. 686 00:45:27,057 --> 00:45:31,061 And a few days later, he'd suddenly find something else 687 00:45:31,145 --> 00:45:34,523 that seemed to be part of the same puzzle. 688 00:45:34,606 --> 00:45:39,027 And that's how he put together most of his articles. 689 00:45:41,071 --> 00:45:43,323 Manuel Buendía had several regulars, 690 00:45:43,407 --> 00:45:46,160 and Gerhard Mertins was one of them. 691 00:45:46,243 --> 00:45:50,164 [narrator] One of the key international arms traffickers, 692 00:45:50,247 --> 00:45:55,586 a former Nazi SS member, has established offices in Mexico. 693 00:45:55,669 --> 00:46:00,883 And in his own words, he conducts his Central American operations from here 694 00:46:00,966 --> 00:46:03,093 to fight Communism. 695 00:46:07,431 --> 00:46:09,016 He was one of their suppliers, 696 00:46:09,099 --> 00:46:12,060 and he had close relations with the armed forces. 697 00:46:12,144 --> 00:46:14,396 THEY WILL BRING BUENDÍA'S GERMAN 698 00:46:14,480 --> 00:46:16,064 MERTINS, PRIME SUSPECT 699 00:46:19,860 --> 00:46:23,280 In the '80s, Mexico was the world capital of espionage. 700 00:46:23,363 --> 00:46:24,865 Everyone was here. 701 00:46:25,532 --> 00:46:29,536 Soviets, East Germany, Cuba. 702 00:46:29,620 --> 00:46:31,622 [Buendía] Let me see… 703 00:46:31,705 --> 00:46:35,167 Today I… This afternoon… 704 00:46:35,250 --> 00:46:36,168 [man] Yes. 705 00:46:37,377 --> 00:46:41,048 [Buendía] I'm meeting with a group of Nicaraguans to talk. 706 00:46:41,131 --> 00:46:43,008 After that, I have a dinner. 707 00:46:43,091 --> 00:46:44,802 That means… 708 00:46:45,636 --> 00:46:49,973 Only if it could be around 6:30. 709 00:46:50,057 --> 00:46:50,891 [man] Yes. 710 00:46:50,974 --> 00:46:54,728 So, you're busy at… 711 00:46:54,812 --> 00:46:56,396 -[Buendía] Five. -[man] At five? 712 00:46:56,480 --> 00:46:58,774 [Buendía] Mm-hm. Yes, and later, at 8:30. 713 00:46:58,857 --> 00:47:03,779 It was a hotbed of espionage that Mexico didn't participate in. 714 00:47:03,862 --> 00:47:07,533 Shamefully, Mexico did participate in one way. 715 00:47:09,201 --> 00:47:11,745 Which was by wiretapping all the phones 716 00:47:11,829 --> 00:47:14,289 from lists provided by the CIA. 717 00:47:14,790 --> 00:47:18,585 We did the dirty work for the CIA. 718 00:47:18,669 --> 00:47:21,505 -[man] What is your address, sir? -[Buendía] Forty-eight Nápoles Street. 719 00:47:21,588 --> 00:47:24,883 -[man] Nápoles… -[Buendía] Forty-eight. 720 00:47:24,967 --> 00:47:27,427 -[man] Forty-eight. -[Buendía] Yes. 721 00:47:27,511 --> 00:47:29,221 -[man] Which floor? -[Buendía] Second floor. 722 00:47:29,304 --> 00:47:30,681 [man] Second floor. 723 00:47:31,348 --> 00:47:33,517 [Buendía] Between Londres and Liverpool Street. 724 00:47:35,769 --> 00:47:38,438 They used recorders that would be off, 725 00:47:38,522 --> 00:47:41,775 and the moment someone picked up the phone, 726 00:47:41,859 --> 00:47:44,111 the machine would turn on and start recording. 727 00:47:44,194 --> 00:47:45,195 [whirring] 728 00:47:47,197 --> 00:47:49,616 [Olea] When they'd hang up, the recorder would stop. [chuckles] 729 00:47:50,492 --> 00:47:54,413 Then very good typists, 730 00:47:54,496 --> 00:47:55,914 very good indeed, 731 00:47:55,998 --> 00:47:58,542 transcribed the conversation. 732 00:48:03,088 --> 00:48:05,883 [narrator] Lawrence Sternfield, 52 years old, 733 00:48:05,966 --> 00:48:08,468 is the current head of the CIA in Mexico. 734 00:48:08,552 --> 00:48:11,847 His undercover identity is an attaché 735 00:48:11,930 --> 00:48:14,808 to the group of diplomatic officials 736 00:48:14,892 --> 00:48:21,523 that the United States government officially confirmed were here in 1977. 737 00:48:21,607 --> 00:48:26,737 Any hint that reveals the identity of a CIA agent, 738 00:48:26,820 --> 00:48:31,533 puts them in a vulnerable position, wherever they are. 739 00:48:33,035 --> 00:48:37,915 Not only do they consider themselves in danger, 740 00:48:38,498 --> 00:48:42,336 but they also consider the national security of the US in danger. 741 00:48:42,419 --> 00:48:43,503 [typewriter clacking] 742 00:48:44,630 --> 00:48:46,340 So for a Mexican journalist 743 00:48:47,799 --> 00:48:53,180 to know the identities of CIA operatives and agents in Mexico 744 00:48:54,097 --> 00:48:56,350 wasn't just a big journalistic victory, 745 00:48:56,433 --> 00:48:59,394 but it also meant that Manuel Buendía had good connections. 746 00:49:00,187 --> 00:49:02,898 [narrator] Stewart Burton, 52 years old, 747 00:49:02,981 --> 00:49:04,942 failed religious preacher, 748 00:49:05,609 --> 00:49:08,403 is the current head of the CIA in Mexico. 749 00:49:09,363 --> 00:49:12,658 His office is located at 48 Río de la Plata Street. 750 00:49:13,367 --> 00:49:16,203 And if you want to ask him something about the CIA, 751 00:49:16,828 --> 00:49:21,333 you can call him at 633-59-80. 752 00:49:21,416 --> 00:49:24,336 Dr. Phillip Aler, James Anderson, 753 00:49:24,419 --> 00:49:28,423 Robert Bruce, Gilbert Carey, William Carson, Harry Chandler… 754 00:49:28,507 --> 00:49:30,384 [names overlapping indistinctly] 755 00:49:32,970 --> 00:49:36,223 [Buendía] Every country and government has its own spies, 756 00:49:37,224 --> 00:49:41,645 its own intelligence service to collect information. 757 00:49:42,354 --> 00:49:47,025 But information services are one thing, and espionage is another. 758 00:49:48,443 --> 00:49:50,862 And subversive acts are even worse. 759 00:49:50,946 --> 00:49:53,615 "The dirty work," as the Americans say. 760 00:49:53,699 --> 00:49:55,033 "The dirty work." 761 00:49:55,617 --> 00:49:57,536 The CIA murdered people here. 762 00:49:59,329 --> 00:50:03,500 When the article came out, and we got together to talk, 763 00:50:03,583 --> 00:50:07,629 we were afraid something would happen to him 764 00:50:07,713 --> 00:50:11,883 because we knew what the CIA did in Latin America and all over the world. 765 00:50:11,967 --> 00:50:13,552 They plant a bomb, 766 00:50:13,635 --> 00:50:17,222 or you're in a car crash, and it looks like an accident. 767 00:50:17,305 --> 00:50:20,851 Manuel was very brave with what he published. 768 00:50:21,351 --> 00:50:22,978 I knew about the Tecos, 769 00:50:23,645 --> 00:50:26,606 I knew about Mr. Mertins's gun trafficking, 770 00:50:26,690 --> 00:50:30,193 I knew about several enemies of his that were hypothetical suspects 771 00:50:30,694 --> 00:50:32,821 in the Buendía case. 772 00:50:33,613 --> 00:50:34,990 So, they never knew… 773 00:50:35,073 --> 00:50:38,285 In my opinion, it was almost the perfect crime. 774 00:50:38,368 --> 00:50:42,247 When do journalists covering these stories cross the line 775 00:50:42,330 --> 00:50:45,584 and put themselves at risk? 776 00:50:45,667 --> 00:50:47,002 It's in the details. 777 00:50:47,085 --> 00:50:50,005 The person who published detailed information… 778 00:50:52,174 --> 00:50:53,675 was Manuel Buendía. 779 00:50:53,759 --> 00:50:57,262 [dramatic music playing] 780 00:50:58,013 --> 00:51:03,226 [Buendía] I think that retaliation and risks are part of the job. 781 00:51:06,563 --> 00:51:08,648 As I've said many times before, 782 00:51:08,732 --> 00:51:11,443 "You have to take the rough with the smooth." 783 00:51:12,360 --> 00:51:15,697 [Holst's "Jupiter, Bringer of Jollity" playing] 784 00:51:25,499 --> 00:51:28,210 [reporter 1] Special programming about the annular solar eclipse 785 00:51:28,293 --> 00:51:32,464 for May 30, 1984, at 9:00 a.m. 786 00:51:32,547 --> 00:51:34,424 This is a production 787 00:51:34,508 --> 00:51:37,052 of National Autonomous University of Mexico Radio. 788 00:51:37,135 --> 00:51:40,222 [reporter 2] Special edition for the annular solar eclipse. 789 00:51:41,807 --> 00:51:43,100 ECLIPSE MOMENTARILY VISIBLE 790 00:51:45,060 --> 00:51:50,315 [reporter 3] This morning, the annular solar eclipse over Mexico. 791 00:51:50,398 --> 00:51:52,275 [reporter 4] Scientists from all over the country 792 00:51:52,359 --> 00:51:56,530 got together at exactly 9:29 and 47 seconds 793 00:51:56,613 --> 00:51:58,657 when the eclipse reached its maximum. 794 00:52:00,534 --> 00:52:03,662 [reporter 5] He was killed this afternoon, with five shots in the back, 795 00:52:03,745 --> 00:52:05,622 one of which went through the heart. 796 00:52:06,206 --> 00:52:11,461 Today, Excélsior reports that Buendía always carried a gun 797 00:52:11,545 --> 00:52:15,257 and used to say, "If they kill me, it'll have to be from behind 798 00:52:15,340 --> 00:52:19,302 because if they attack me head-on, I'll take some of them with me." 799 00:52:22,556 --> 00:52:26,268 [Moro] So, they called Zorrilla. "They just killed Buendía." 800 00:52:27,018 --> 00:52:28,728 They called me over the radio, 801 00:52:28,812 --> 00:52:33,859 "F7-L1, make contact immediately. Bring the Wasps to this address." 802 00:52:33,942 --> 00:52:35,527 "There's been a homicide." 803 00:52:35,610 --> 00:52:39,614 And that's when I said, "Why are we going to see a homicide?" 804 00:52:40,282 --> 00:52:41,908 "An order's an order. Let's go." 805 00:52:41,992 --> 00:52:45,078 The agents arrived quickly. Zorrilla arrived a little later, 806 00:52:45,162 --> 00:52:46,538 but they arrived quickly 807 00:52:46,621 --> 00:52:48,957 and started speaking with Juan Manuel Bautista. 808 00:52:49,040 --> 00:52:51,126 -[report] What is your name? -Juan Manuel Bautista. 809 00:52:51,209 --> 00:52:52,794 -[report] Did you work with Buendía? -Yes. 810 00:52:52,878 --> 00:52:54,254 I was inside. 811 00:52:55,213 --> 00:52:59,634 I heard Juan Manuel Bautista give them the same description. 812 00:52:59,718 --> 00:53:01,553 [Moro] "He was tall, like 180 cm." 813 00:53:01,636 --> 00:53:03,305 "Dark complexion, thin mustache." 814 00:53:03,388 --> 00:53:05,432 "He had a crew cut." 815 00:53:05,515 --> 00:53:07,559 "Muscular. A guy from the coast." 816 00:53:07,642 --> 00:53:09,394 [speaking indistinctly] 817 00:53:18,153 --> 00:53:21,448 [Palacio] The Federal Security Directorate took files from the archive. 818 00:53:21,531 --> 00:53:26,036 I don't know how many files they took, but I saw them taking them. 819 00:53:26,119 --> 00:53:29,915 Luis Soto was very upset and said, "They're taking the files." 820 00:53:33,043 --> 00:53:35,837 JOURNALIST MURDERED 821 00:53:36,338 --> 00:53:37,714 The Feds are the Feds. 822 00:53:38,256 --> 00:53:40,717 We had orders, and we were more fierce. 823 00:53:40,800 --> 00:53:42,886 The Feds have always been more respected. 824 00:53:42,969 --> 00:53:46,389 We gathered all the evidence and spoke to the witnesses. 825 00:53:46,473 --> 00:53:49,059 So, when the murder occurred, 826 00:53:49,142 --> 00:53:52,520 the Federal Security Directorate was the first thing I thought of. 827 00:53:52,604 --> 00:53:55,148 BUENDÍA'S MURDER WAS NOT POLITICAL 828 00:53:55,232 --> 00:53:57,067 [somber music playing] 829 00:53:58,568 --> 00:54:03,156 Crimes of passion are a common occurrence in police work. 830 00:54:04,824 --> 00:54:08,536 But nobody believed that a lover 831 00:54:09,162 --> 00:54:10,872 would pull on his trench coat 832 00:54:11,456 --> 00:54:13,333 and shoot him in the back. 833 00:54:15,335 --> 00:54:17,170 That's what a professional does. 834 00:54:18,588 --> 00:54:19,881 SECOND SHOT 835 00:54:19,965 --> 00:54:21,299 THIRD AND FOURTH SHOTS 836 00:54:22,008 --> 00:54:23,510 ANALYSIS OF THE CRIME SCENE 837 00:54:23,593 --> 00:54:25,387 HAMBURGO STREET 838 00:54:25,470 --> 00:54:28,431 None of the facts nor the typology of the crime 839 00:54:28,515 --> 00:54:30,684 were consistent with a crime of passion. 840 00:54:36,147 --> 00:54:38,566 We jumped into action as a union 841 00:54:38,650 --> 00:54:42,112 to hold a demonstration the following day, 842 00:54:42,195 --> 00:54:44,072 which was very well attended. 843 00:54:44,155 --> 00:54:47,993 The union made itself heard. 844 00:54:48,076 --> 00:54:50,412 MANUEL BUENDÍA FOUNDATION 845 00:54:50,495 --> 00:54:54,958 We held a short rally at the Ministry of the Interior, 846 00:54:55,709 --> 00:55:00,255 asking to speak with Mr. Manuel Bartlett. 847 00:55:00,922 --> 00:55:02,424 Why are you closing it? 848 00:55:02,924 --> 00:55:06,219 -This is a public office. -I don't get why this is closed. 849 00:55:06,303 --> 00:55:10,098 [crowd] Justice! 850 00:55:10,181 --> 00:55:12,017 The secretary of the interior. 851 00:55:12,809 --> 00:55:14,686 Manuel Bartlett… 852 00:55:14,769 --> 00:55:17,272 Tell him the Union of Journalists is here. 853 00:55:19,190 --> 00:55:21,318 The secretary of the interior. 854 00:55:22,610 --> 00:55:24,904 "The secretary isn't here. He's very busy." 855 00:55:24,988 --> 00:55:26,072 "We'll wait." 856 00:55:26,740 --> 00:55:31,494 Two seconds later, by some miracle, 857 00:55:31,578 --> 00:55:34,247 Manuel Bartlett appeared and met with us. 858 00:55:35,206 --> 00:55:40,378 We told him we were angry 859 00:55:40,462 --> 00:55:42,964 because there were no results. 860 00:55:43,798 --> 00:55:48,511 And he told us, "I will get involved." 861 00:55:48,595 --> 00:55:51,264 Mexico's future is at stake, 862 00:55:51,765 --> 00:55:53,767 and Mexicans want this. 863 00:55:54,267 --> 00:55:56,144 True democracy. 864 00:55:56,895 --> 00:55:59,189 Honesty and good faith. 865 00:55:59,272 --> 00:56:03,610 Manuel Bartlett Díaz is an impressive political animal. 866 00:56:04,194 --> 00:56:08,031 Manuel Bartlett Díaz has been everything but president. 867 00:56:09,366 --> 00:56:12,660 Manuel Bartlett is the type of Mexican politician 868 00:56:12,744 --> 00:56:16,331 from the old PRI, where the idea of the state 869 00:56:16,414 --> 00:56:19,501 was different from what we have now. 870 00:56:20,335 --> 00:56:23,338 And that's what defines him. 871 00:56:23,421 --> 00:56:25,924 SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 1982–1988 872 00:56:26,007 --> 00:56:28,176 SECRETARY OF EDUCATION 1988–1992 873 00:56:28,259 --> 00:56:30,470 GOVERNOR OF PUEBLA 1993–1999 874 00:56:30,553 --> 00:56:33,056 SENATOR/LABOR PARTY 2012–2018 875 00:56:35,016 --> 00:56:37,352 De la Madrid seemed terribly worried 876 00:56:38,311 --> 00:56:40,313 about keeping the country afloat, 877 00:56:40,814 --> 00:56:45,193 and Manuel Bartlett seemed terribly worried about becoming president. 878 00:56:46,736 --> 00:56:50,782 How did Manuel Bartlett suggest to the president 879 00:56:52,700 --> 00:56:55,537 that Zorrilla take over the investigation? 880 00:56:58,164 --> 00:57:02,794 If it was left up to the authorities, the investigation would have been useless. 881 00:57:02,877 --> 00:57:05,255 Rogelio Hernández played an important role, 882 00:57:05,338 --> 00:57:07,841 without ever having met Manuel Buendía. 883 00:57:07,924 --> 00:57:10,093 Because he was 884 00:57:10,176 --> 00:57:15,932 a tireless advocate for justice. 885 00:57:16,015 --> 00:57:21,938 We first looked at Buendía's friends and enemies. 886 00:57:22,856 --> 00:57:27,527 One person stood out. His very good friend, Zorrilla. 887 00:57:29,070 --> 00:57:33,408 Zorrilla was Manuel Buendía's buddy. 888 00:57:34,617 --> 00:57:40,707 They even went shooting together at Military Camp 1. 889 00:57:42,876 --> 00:57:46,629 [Olea] I have nothing bad to say about Zorrilla 890 00:57:47,297 --> 00:57:50,008 before the Federal Security Directorate. 891 00:57:50,091 --> 00:57:54,637 He was the ambitious type, lacking in morals, 892 00:57:55,305 --> 00:57:59,642 disloyal, crooked, unpleasant, unsettling, 893 00:58:00,810 --> 00:58:02,020 but that's it. 894 00:58:02,103 --> 00:58:05,773 But he went crazy at the Federal Security Directorate. 895 00:58:05,857 --> 00:58:12,322 He once told me, and, again, I quote, 896 00:58:12,405 --> 00:58:14,699 "I'm going to make Manuel president." 897 00:58:14,782 --> 00:58:16,868 "And then, you know…" 898 00:58:20,246 --> 00:58:22,790 [Palacio] The Federal Security Directorate played an important role 899 00:58:22,874 --> 00:58:26,753 by breaking the law and interfering with an investigation. 900 00:58:26,836 --> 00:58:31,841 There were signs 901 00:58:32,800 --> 00:58:36,429 that suggested that they were involved. 902 00:58:36,513 --> 00:58:40,225 They had no reason to take the files from the archive. 903 00:58:40,975 --> 00:58:43,937 Zorrilla once said privately, 904 00:58:45,438 --> 00:58:48,107 "Bartlett ordered us to take the files." 905 00:58:50,485 --> 00:58:55,073 [Hernández] Even back then, some journalists accused Bartlett directly. 906 00:58:55,156 --> 00:59:00,328 He felt singled out, and that lit a spark. 907 00:59:00,411 --> 00:59:04,040 That's when they started to investigate Zorrilla, I think. 908 00:59:04,707 --> 00:59:08,920 And everything the DFS did started being exposed. 909 00:59:12,632 --> 00:59:17,470 Federal Security Directorate commanders were the country's first drug lords. 910 00:59:17,554 --> 00:59:21,808 There was no distinction between drug traffickers, organized crime, 911 00:59:21,891 --> 00:59:23,643 and the Federal Security Directorate. 912 00:59:23,726 --> 00:59:26,187 A well-known connection 913 00:59:26,271 --> 00:59:29,607 is the protection provided to the Guadalajara Cartel. 914 00:59:29,691 --> 00:59:33,069 The head was Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo, 915 00:59:33,152 --> 00:59:36,614 and Ernesto Fonseca, also known as Don Neto, 916 00:59:36,698 --> 00:59:38,992 and Rafael Caro Quintero were members. 917 00:59:39,075 --> 00:59:44,038 These were the connections that Manuel Buendía was following. 918 00:59:46,291 --> 00:59:49,002 [Meléndez] What was taken from Buendía's archive? 919 00:59:49,877 --> 00:59:54,716 Everything he had collected about drug trafficking. 920 00:59:56,342 --> 00:59:59,095 [Reveles] Here's a very interesting anecdote. 921 00:59:59,178 --> 01:00:01,931 José Antonio Zorrilla told the Ministry, 922 01:00:02,015 --> 01:00:04,517 "Don't allocate us a budget." 923 01:00:04,601 --> 01:00:07,312 Why? Because he had a national web of corruption 924 01:00:07,395 --> 01:00:10,523 that brought in billions. 925 01:00:12,317 --> 01:00:16,112 Manuel took me to lunch and sternly said, 926 01:00:16,195 --> 01:00:19,741 "The Federal Security Directorate is involved in drug trafficking." 927 01:00:20,867 --> 01:00:23,953 "Manuel, as a journalist, you may think that, 928 01:00:24,037 --> 01:00:26,122 but that is a very serious accusation." 929 01:00:26,205 --> 01:00:29,584 "You don't know, but you do know. You do." 930 01:00:32,337 --> 01:00:34,255 That was my last interview with him, 931 01:00:35,173 --> 01:00:38,092 three or four days before they killed him. 932 01:00:39,302 --> 01:00:41,554 [Aguayo] Was Buendía wrong to trust Zorrilla? 933 01:00:43,097 --> 01:00:44,849 In my opinion, yes. 934 01:00:45,933 --> 01:00:50,521 He couldn't be friends with someone he knew was protecting criminals. 935 01:00:50,605 --> 01:00:52,690 That is, if he knew about it. 936 01:00:56,527 --> 01:01:00,740 [María Dolores Ábalos] For months, or maybe even a year, 937 01:01:01,574 --> 01:01:03,951 they've been keeping the case file hidden. 938 01:01:04,035 --> 01:01:05,828 Nothing has been done. 939 01:01:05,912 --> 01:01:07,246 They lost everything. 940 01:01:07,747 --> 01:01:10,041 They lost his clothes. Why? 941 01:01:11,125 --> 01:01:15,505 How is it possible to lose everything in an investigation of this magnitude? 942 01:01:16,422 --> 01:01:20,009 Will my husband's murderer go unpunished? 943 01:01:22,720 --> 01:01:24,514 I saw how things were developing, 944 01:01:24,597 --> 01:01:27,934 and I thought, "Something big is going to happen here." 945 01:01:29,477 --> 01:01:34,065 Then Zorrilla showed up at my office and said, 946 01:01:34,148 --> 01:01:37,944 "I've come to say farewell." 947 01:01:38,027 --> 01:01:39,779 "Where are you going?" 948 01:01:40,279 --> 01:01:45,118 "The secretary has appointed me as a representative back home." 949 01:01:45,201 --> 01:01:46,953 "And then I'll become a governor." 950 01:01:49,622 --> 01:01:54,877 At that point, there were at least four investigations into the Buendía case. 951 01:01:55,586 --> 01:01:58,297 Three official ones, and one by the journalists. 952 01:01:58,381 --> 01:02:01,175 And all of them pointed to Zorrilla. 953 01:02:04,595 --> 01:02:09,392 Even though he denies it, that's why Bartlett 954 01:02:10,727 --> 01:02:12,353 got him out of Hidalgo 955 01:02:13,354 --> 01:02:15,690 and told him to leave the country. 956 01:02:16,274 --> 01:02:18,860 And Antonio Zorrilla Pérez went to Spain. 957 01:02:18,943 --> 01:02:21,529 BUENDÍA INVESTIGATION HELP! 958 01:02:21,612 --> 01:02:23,322 [eerie music playing] 959 01:02:39,422 --> 01:02:43,676 [Carlos Salinas De Gortari] We will not close ongoing investigations. 960 01:02:43,760 --> 01:02:46,304 Especially in the case 961 01:02:46,387 --> 01:02:50,057 of the murder of renowned journalist Manuel Buendía 962 01:02:50,767 --> 01:02:52,977 that took place five years ago. 963 01:02:53,811 --> 01:02:56,481 We will step up our efforts. 964 01:02:57,023 --> 01:03:01,068 This week, Mexico City's district attorney general, 965 01:03:01,152 --> 01:03:04,489 and the special prosecutor appointed to this case 966 01:03:04,989 --> 01:03:09,619 will present an overview of the investigation to the public. 967 01:03:09,702 --> 01:03:10,828 [clapping] 968 01:03:12,580 --> 01:03:15,875 Yesterday, the results of the investigation 969 01:03:15,958 --> 01:03:18,961 into the murder of Manuel Buendía were released. 970 01:03:19,045 --> 01:03:22,632 That's why we are speaking with Mr. Ignacio Morales Lechuga, 971 01:03:23,382 --> 01:03:26,427 who is Mexico City's district attorney general. 972 01:03:27,011 --> 01:03:31,057 When the special prosecutor's office began their work 973 01:03:31,140 --> 01:03:33,810 under Miguel Ángel García Domínguez, 974 01:03:33,893 --> 01:03:38,731 they compiled a set of 298 hypotheses, 975 01:03:39,357 --> 01:03:43,986 based on Manuel Buendía's newspaper columns, 976 01:03:44,570 --> 01:03:48,991 and 24 that were based on personal and family relationships. 977 01:03:49,867 --> 01:03:53,371 From these hypotheses, clues were collected 978 01:03:53,454 --> 01:03:57,708 using a methodology, system, and structure 979 01:03:57,792 --> 01:04:00,461 developed by the special prosecutor's office. 980 01:04:00,962 --> 01:04:04,423 [reporter 1] Is it prudent, or even possible, 981 01:04:04,507 --> 01:04:07,593 to solve this case before the end of the six-year term? 982 01:04:09,554 --> 01:04:14,267 All I can say is… hopefully. 983 01:04:15,643 --> 01:04:18,896 [reporter 2] Why are you making this statement now? 984 01:04:18,980 --> 01:04:24,193 Because I wasn't formally mandated to do so before. 985 01:04:24,277 --> 01:04:27,446 [reporter 3] What are your statements regarding the homicide? 986 01:04:28,030 --> 01:04:30,825 We're here to provide information for the investigation. 987 01:04:30,908 --> 01:04:32,577 Ask your questions in the office. 988 01:04:32,660 --> 01:04:35,538 [reporter 4] Where were you for the last four years? 989 01:04:36,372 --> 01:04:37,582 [Zorrilla] I've been… 990 01:04:38,833 --> 01:04:40,418 in many places. 991 01:04:40,501 --> 01:04:41,711 [reporter 5] Where, sir? 992 01:04:42,628 --> 01:04:44,005 [phone rings] 993 01:04:45,548 --> 01:04:47,133 [phone rings] 994 01:04:49,635 --> 01:04:53,973 TUESDAY, JUNE 13, 1989 995 01:04:54,640 --> 01:04:55,850 [phone rings] 996 01:04:57,810 --> 01:04:59,395 [phone rings] 997 01:05:01,439 --> 01:05:05,443 [Lechuga] I received a phone call confirming his location. 998 01:05:06,903 --> 01:05:11,782 I heard significant gunfire in the background. 999 01:05:12,575 --> 01:05:13,492 So I said, 1000 01:05:14,493 --> 01:05:16,704 "Stop shooting." 1001 01:05:16,787 --> 01:05:21,042 "But he's shooting at us." "Let him, but don't you shoot." 1002 01:05:23,127 --> 01:05:25,671 He was in his bedroom. 1003 01:05:26,297 --> 01:05:28,966 I went up the stairs, towards his bedroom. 1004 01:05:29,967 --> 01:05:33,930 I took the stairs, and I saw the door open, 1005 01:05:34,013 --> 01:05:36,182 and the barrel of a gun appeared. 1006 01:05:36,265 --> 01:05:39,352 I said, "Zorrilla, I'm the district attorney general." 1007 01:05:39,435 --> 01:05:40,311 "Don't shoot." 1008 01:05:42,313 --> 01:05:44,565 "I'm unarmed," I shouted. 1009 01:05:45,107 --> 01:05:48,986 So, he opened the door, and I entered. He pointed the gun at me. 1010 01:05:49,862 --> 01:05:52,615 He kept threatening to kill me. 1011 01:05:52,698 --> 01:05:54,659 That's when the phone rang. 1012 01:05:56,035 --> 01:05:59,956 I went to answer it, but he said, "No!" He answered it holding the gun. 1013 01:06:00,039 --> 01:06:01,666 [phone rings] 1014 01:06:02,875 --> 01:06:03,751 CORNERED 1015 01:06:06,087 --> 01:06:07,755 [phone rings] 1016 01:06:07,838 --> 01:06:10,633 The president called me and said, 1017 01:06:10,716 --> 01:06:12,343 "Go to city hall… 1018 01:06:14,261 --> 01:06:16,722 because there's a very big problem." 1019 01:06:17,390 --> 01:06:22,311 That's when I found out that Ponce Rojas and Nacho Morales 1020 01:06:23,604 --> 01:06:28,401 wanted to detain Zorrilla, and that Zorrilla had them at gunpoint. 1021 01:06:28,484 --> 01:06:31,570 Finally, after three hours, 1022 01:06:31,654 --> 01:06:34,365 he took his coat and his hat, 1023 01:06:35,241 --> 01:06:36,242 and we left. 1024 01:06:37,702 --> 01:06:40,830 We noticed that he had a gun behind his back. 1025 01:06:44,625 --> 01:06:46,585 I said, "I'll buy you dinner." [scoffs] 1026 01:06:47,336 --> 01:06:50,256 That's what I said. "Let's all have dinner together." 1027 01:06:51,007 --> 01:06:55,177 [reporter] We are outside the District Attorney General's Office, 1028 01:06:55,261 --> 01:06:59,557 where today, Mr. Zorrilla Pérez is being interrogated, 1029 01:06:59,640 --> 01:07:04,061 accused of allegedly murdering Manuel Buendía. 1030 01:07:04,729 --> 01:07:07,481 [Trejo] I went and waited at the District Attorney General's Office, 1031 01:07:08,357 --> 01:07:11,986 and Nacho Morales arrived with Zorrilla. 1032 01:07:13,446 --> 01:07:18,284 When I greeted Zorrilla, 1033 01:07:18,993 --> 01:07:24,915 I gave him a hug and took the gun he was hiding behind his back. 1034 01:07:25,708 --> 01:07:28,377 I said, "Forgive me, but I'll be here." 1035 01:07:28,461 --> 01:07:30,796 "And I don't tolerate these sorts of things." 1036 01:07:30,880 --> 01:07:34,425 I didn't actually see the interrogation. 1037 01:07:36,093 --> 01:07:41,348 Nacho put on a movie about a journalist… 1038 01:07:43,017 --> 01:07:47,271 An old movie about a journalist called… A movie. 1039 01:07:47,354 --> 01:07:49,940 I don't know what's happening in Mexico. 1040 01:07:50,024 --> 01:07:51,776 Nothing happens in Mexico! 1041 01:07:52,359 --> 01:07:55,362 I can't believe this news to end the year. 1042 01:07:55,446 --> 01:07:57,865 The news is like a rabbit. 1043 01:07:58,449 --> 01:08:00,493 It jumps out where you least expect it. 1044 01:08:00,576 --> 01:08:02,495 You have to catch it mid-flight. 1045 01:08:02,578 --> 01:08:04,538 He even ordered dinner. 1046 01:08:05,498 --> 01:08:07,958 With everyone there, it felt like a family gathering. 1047 01:08:08,042 --> 01:08:11,670 I told Nacho, "I'm going to interrogate Zorrilla." 1048 01:08:11,754 --> 01:08:15,424 "Those are my orders." I interrogated him for two or three hours. 1049 01:08:16,175 --> 01:08:18,803 He said, "Look, you can kill me." 1050 01:08:20,054 --> 01:08:20,971 "It wasn't me." 1051 01:08:21,639 --> 01:08:24,308 "I know who it was, but I won't tell you." 1052 01:08:25,893 --> 01:08:28,938 "But, Javier, I'll take the fall for it." 1053 01:08:30,564 --> 01:08:31,440 And he did. 1054 01:08:33,400 --> 01:08:36,362 So, they detained Zorrilla, 1055 01:08:36,445 --> 01:08:40,324 but they didn't touch his money or his ranches 1056 01:08:40,407 --> 01:08:42,868 or any of the things he owned. 1057 01:08:42,952 --> 01:08:44,203 In exchange for what? 1058 01:08:44,829 --> 01:08:47,289 For turning himself in and for his silence. 1059 01:08:47,373 --> 01:08:49,917 Zorrilla never spoke about the case. 1060 01:08:50,000 --> 01:08:50,960 ZORRILLA GOES DOWN 1061 01:08:51,043 --> 01:08:53,087 ZORRILLA CAPTURED CHARGES PILE UP 1062 01:08:53,921 --> 01:08:55,965 NO EXIT FOR ZORRILLA GUILTY 1063 01:08:56,048 --> 01:08:58,050 That's when I started working in film. 1064 01:08:58,134 --> 01:09:01,846 -[interviewer] What parts did you play? -The bad guy, the villain. 1065 01:09:03,931 --> 01:09:05,349 Tell your pigs 1066 01:09:05,933 --> 01:09:08,352 that there isn't enough money in the world to buy me. 1067 01:09:09,061 --> 01:09:11,856 I'll keep reporting you until I die. 1068 01:09:14,275 --> 01:09:18,154 Today we are joined by Dr. Dela Balza, the renowned criminologist. 1069 01:09:18,237 --> 01:09:20,531 [Moro] I always did action films. 1070 01:09:20,614 --> 01:09:22,575 I was always the thug or the cop. 1071 01:09:23,701 --> 01:09:28,038 We arrived at a studio where there was a news reporter, 1072 01:09:28,122 --> 01:09:30,541 and we shot everyone, 1073 01:09:30,624 --> 01:09:32,626 even the guys that do the lights. 1074 01:09:32,710 --> 01:09:36,338 I killed so many people in the movies. Later I played an assassin. 1075 01:09:37,006 --> 01:09:39,842 A skilled one because I took out a lot of people. 1076 01:09:39,925 --> 01:09:40,759 [grunts] 1077 01:09:42,136 --> 01:09:42,970 [moans] 1078 01:09:44,638 --> 01:09:48,809 I was in a hotel, with a girl 1079 01:09:50,144 --> 01:09:53,731 when my mom called and said, "What did you do, Juan Rafael?" 1080 01:09:53,814 --> 01:09:54,940 I got scared. 1081 01:09:55,024 --> 01:09:57,318 "I didn't do anything. Why?" 1082 01:09:57,401 --> 01:10:00,237 "They came to your house and broke down your doors." 1083 01:10:00,321 --> 01:10:02,615 "They beat your dog unconscious." 1084 01:10:02,698 --> 01:10:04,909 "They stole everything you had." 1085 01:10:06,368 --> 01:10:09,288 "They have orders to turn you in dead." 1086 01:10:09,371 --> 01:10:13,751 "And they will say that you admitted to killing Buendía before dying." 1087 01:10:13,834 --> 01:10:15,878 "So, be careful, son." 1088 01:10:18,297 --> 01:10:19,632 I got scared after that. 1089 01:10:20,299 --> 01:10:23,427 I said, "Mom, find me a lawyer and file for protection." 1090 01:10:25,471 --> 01:10:28,182 I was a cop. I knew what was going on. 1091 01:10:28,265 --> 01:10:30,851 I ran away, and I was playing games with the police. 1092 01:10:30,935 --> 01:10:32,144 They were dumb. 1093 01:10:33,938 --> 01:10:35,314 "Where's my protection?" 1094 01:10:35,397 --> 01:10:38,901 When she said she had it, I came back immediately. 1095 01:10:38,984 --> 01:10:40,319 I left my guns. 1096 01:10:40,402 --> 01:10:43,155 I was well-armed, so in case they were going to kill me, 1097 01:10:43,239 --> 01:10:44,490 they would die too. 1098 01:10:44,573 --> 01:10:45,407 [cocks] 1099 01:10:47,826 --> 01:10:50,120 I turned myself in, unarmed. 1100 01:10:50,204 --> 01:10:52,665 Then I saw they had snipers, 1101 01:10:52,748 --> 01:10:57,169 shooters, and a swarm of police. 1102 01:10:57,253 --> 01:11:00,381 They put me against the car. "What's up? Easy." 1103 01:11:00,464 --> 01:11:03,717 I was a cop. I knew I had a clear conscience. 1104 01:11:03,801 --> 01:11:06,553 I turned myself in. They took me in the squad car. 1105 01:11:08,555 --> 01:11:11,558 The District Attorney General's Office 1106 01:11:12,184 --> 01:11:18,357 will bring Juan Rafael Moro Ávila before criminal court 34 today 1107 01:11:18,440 --> 01:11:23,779 on the charge of being an accomplice to homicide. 1108 01:11:25,030 --> 01:11:27,950 [Moro] They threatened my family. 1109 01:11:28,659 --> 01:11:32,162 They detained my family and were using them to pressure me. 1110 01:11:32,246 --> 01:11:36,417 That's why I agreed to a press conference, but I never incriminated myself. 1111 01:11:37,001 --> 01:11:38,419 I didn't incriminate anyone. 1112 01:11:39,003 --> 01:11:41,297 The day they killed the journalist, 1113 01:11:41,380 --> 01:11:47,094 Juan Moro Ávila, then head of the Special Motorcycle Brigade, 1114 01:11:47,177 --> 01:11:51,056 was at the Federal Security Directorate offices 1115 01:11:51,140 --> 01:11:53,976 when he was informed that that afternoon, 1116 01:11:54,059 --> 01:11:58,605 a special operation called "News" would be taking place. 1117 01:11:58,689 --> 01:12:00,149 Special Operation News? 1118 01:12:00,232 --> 01:12:02,484 Everything he's saying isn't true. 1119 01:12:02,568 --> 01:12:04,278 [prosecutor speaking indistinctly] 1120 01:12:04,361 --> 01:12:06,989 That bastard is reading my whole statement! 1121 01:12:08,324 --> 01:12:11,368 Finally, I said, "If you're gonna pressure me, fine." 1122 01:12:11,452 --> 01:12:14,038 "I helped the killer." But I didn't know who he was. 1123 01:12:14,121 --> 01:12:17,291 "We'll say Chocorrol jumped on your bike, 1124 01:12:17,916 --> 01:12:21,545 and you thought he was a DFS agent, so you went to investigate, 1125 01:12:21,628 --> 01:12:25,007 and after a while, we'll say that he killed him, 1126 01:12:25,090 --> 01:12:27,176 and we'll get you out of trouble." 1127 01:12:27,259 --> 01:12:29,720 They were trying to blame Chocorrol. 1128 01:12:29,845 --> 01:12:32,890 It was all political. They had me and my family in a bind. 1129 01:12:32,973 --> 01:12:36,393 We were all trapped. I said, "If this is the only way out, fine." 1130 01:12:36,477 --> 01:12:41,648 They asked me to report to the address, which I did. 1131 01:12:43,067 --> 01:12:48,906 The commander ordered me to comb the area. I got off the bike to get instructions. 1132 01:12:49,448 --> 01:12:50,699 I got on the bike. 1133 01:12:50,783 --> 01:12:53,994 I started my bike to go comb the area by myself, 1134 01:12:54,078 --> 01:12:57,831 when Mr. Chocorrol jumped on the back. 1135 01:12:58,457 --> 01:13:01,001 I recognized him from the office. 1136 01:13:01,085 --> 01:13:03,837 I thought he was also a Federal Security agent. 1137 01:13:04,421 --> 01:13:07,716 We took off, and he said, "Go to the right. Go to the left." 1138 01:13:07,800 --> 01:13:10,761 I said, "Let's check. We're after someone who fits this description." 1139 01:13:10,844 --> 01:13:15,307 I didn't realize what I was doing. 1140 01:13:15,808 --> 01:13:18,685 I was collaborating in a homicide. 1141 01:13:18,811 --> 01:13:21,980 The District Attorney General's Office 1142 01:13:22,064 --> 01:13:26,443 revealed details about the death of José Luis Ochoa Alonso, 1143 01:13:26,527 --> 01:13:28,028 also known as "Chocorrol." 1144 01:13:28,529 --> 01:13:32,116 Yesterday, Moro Ávila named Chocorrol 1145 01:13:32,199 --> 01:13:35,285 as the person responsible for killing Manuel Buendía. 1146 01:13:35,786 --> 01:13:37,788 I'll fully cooperate and tell you everything. 1147 01:13:37,871 --> 01:13:40,999 I love journalists. I have journalistic inclinations, 1148 01:13:41,083 --> 01:13:43,460 and I've always taken care of reporters. 1149 01:13:43,544 --> 01:13:44,795 I love you all. 1150 01:13:44,878 --> 01:13:46,630 I LOVE YOU SO MUCH! 1151 01:13:46,713 --> 01:13:48,882 IMAGINE THE ONES WHO DON'T LOVE US! 1152 01:13:50,801 --> 01:13:52,219 [somber music playing] 1153 01:13:56,598 --> 01:13:58,308 [reporter 1] Around 7:30 at night, 1154 01:13:58,392 --> 01:14:03,230 Mr. José Antonio Zorrilla Pérez arrived at Mexico City's Northern Jail. 1155 01:14:03,856 --> 01:14:06,150 Mr. Zorrilla was traveling in a white car, 1156 01:14:06,233 --> 01:14:11,488 which was part of a convoy of 15 judicial police vehicles. 1157 01:14:11,572 --> 01:14:14,074 He shouted that he is innocent to some journalists. 1158 01:14:14,158 --> 01:14:16,910 [reporter 2] One of them managed to stick their recorder 1159 01:14:16,994 --> 01:14:21,039 into the squad car Zorrilla Pérez arrived in and obtained this audio. 1160 01:14:21,748 --> 01:14:24,585 [reporter 3] Are you guilty or innocent, Mr. Zorrilla? 1161 01:14:24,668 --> 01:14:27,087 [Zorrilla] Innocent. I need the press to help me. 1162 01:14:28,547 --> 01:14:29,465 [reporter 2] Thank you. 1163 01:14:30,340 --> 01:14:33,594 [prosecutor] As a result of the investigations 1164 01:14:33,677 --> 01:14:36,430 and his recent conduct, 1165 01:14:37,181 --> 01:14:43,353 José Antonio Zorrilla Pérez is presumed responsible 1166 01:14:43,437 --> 01:14:47,649 for the homicide of Manuel Buendía Tellezgirón, 1167 01:14:47,733 --> 01:14:50,986 as the mastermind behind that act. 1168 01:14:51,069 --> 01:14:54,615 NO ESCAPE FOR ZORRILLA 1169 01:14:54,698 --> 01:14:57,534 Based on the evidence, 1170 01:14:58,202 --> 01:15:03,582 Juan Rafael Moro Ávila was the one who shot Manuel Buendía. 1171 01:15:04,291 --> 01:15:06,293 MORO IN JAIL AND THE OTHERS? 1172 01:15:06,376 --> 01:15:09,755 ZORRILLA AND MORO UNDOUBTEDLY KILLED BUENDÍA 1173 01:15:09,838 --> 01:15:12,299 ZORRILLA GAVE THE ORDER 1174 01:15:12,382 --> 01:15:14,968 MORO SHOT 1175 01:15:15,052 --> 01:15:17,221 BUENDÍA CASE CLOSED 1176 01:15:17,304 --> 01:15:23,185 We felt that Manuel Buendía's investigation was 1177 01:15:23,268 --> 01:15:25,229 typical of police work. 1178 01:15:25,312 --> 01:15:29,608 With crazy stories, 1179 01:15:29,691 --> 01:15:32,819 and then the biker guy 1180 01:15:32,903 --> 01:15:37,199 who was the grandson of President Ávila Camacho. 1181 01:15:38,242 --> 01:15:42,454 Everything is overdramatized and doesn't lead to the truth. 1182 01:15:43,539 --> 01:15:47,751 We supposed that they would cover up the real motive. 1183 01:15:48,418 --> 01:15:54,007 But we didn't imagine that we were on the cusp of a story 1184 01:15:54,091 --> 01:15:56,176 that would engulf us. 1185 01:15:56,260 --> 01:15:59,263 It was the emergence of the cartels. 1186 01:16:01,098 --> 01:16:02,599 [Palacio] A month before the murder, 1187 01:16:03,433 --> 01:16:05,519 a report was published 1188 01:16:05,602 --> 01:16:09,690 by the bishops from the South Pacific 1189 01:16:10,274 --> 01:16:12,776 which said that they were seeing 1190 01:16:13,485 --> 01:16:19,199 drug traffickers infiltrating state institutions. 1191 01:16:19,283 --> 01:16:23,870 Manuel Buendía picked up the story and published two articles about that. 1192 01:16:23,954 --> 01:16:25,289 [clacking] 1193 01:16:30,335 --> 01:16:31,211 [whirring] 1194 01:16:32,421 --> 01:16:34,298 [narrator] "National Security." 1195 01:16:34,423 --> 01:16:38,135 Excélsior. May 14, 1984. 1196 01:16:38,218 --> 01:16:39,428 By Manuel Buendía. 1197 01:16:40,178 --> 01:16:44,683 Drug trafficking has evidently picked up in Mexico 1198 01:16:44,766 --> 01:16:47,269 since 1982. 1199 01:16:48,186 --> 01:16:52,399 And this can't be achieved without help from the inside. 1200 01:16:52,899 --> 01:16:54,818 They say that in this dirty business, 1201 01:16:55,444 --> 01:16:59,197 there is direct or indirect complicity 1202 01:16:59,281 --> 01:17:03,910 from top state and federal officials. 1203 01:17:05,329 --> 01:17:09,750 Based on what the bishops have reported, and also on other sources, 1204 01:17:09,833 --> 01:17:13,503 this is a matter of national security. 1205 01:17:14,046 --> 01:17:16,715 THE PROGRESSIVE, APRIL 1985 WHO KILLED MANUEL BUENDÍA? 1206 01:17:16,798 --> 01:17:19,593 A MEXICAN MYSTERY BY MATTHEW ROTHSCHILD 1207 01:17:22,262 --> 01:17:24,973 'HE'D SAY, 'TO KILL ME, THEY'LL SHOOT ME IN THE BACK.'" 1208 01:17:25,057 --> 01:17:26,224 WHO KILLED MANUEL BUENDÍA 1209 01:17:26,308 --> 01:17:32,522 [Russell Bartley] That was a major piece that Unomásuno did in its Sunday section. 1210 01:17:33,523 --> 01:17:36,860 He thought it was either by people who wanted to keep 1211 01:17:36,943 --> 01:17:42,616 Manuel Buendía from revealing connections to the drug traffickers, to the cartel. 1212 01:17:43,200 --> 01:17:47,704 Or it was CIA. It was the US government, trying to prevent… 1213 01:17:49,873 --> 01:17:51,041 things they were into 1214 01:17:51,124 --> 01:17:53,877 that had to do with drug trafficking, the Contras, and crime. 1215 01:17:55,087 --> 01:17:57,047 [reporter 1] The bodies, found wrapped in plastic 1216 01:17:57,130 --> 01:17:59,132 at a ranch 100 miles from Guadalajara, 1217 01:17:59,216 --> 01:18:00,967 were badly decomposed. 1218 01:18:01,051 --> 01:18:04,513 [reporter 2] Enrique Camarena was investigating drug trafficking in Mexico 1219 01:18:04,596 --> 01:18:07,683 when he was kidnapped near the US consulate in Guadalajara. 1220 01:18:07,766 --> 01:18:10,977 He was tortured, and two days later, murdered by his captors, 1221 01:18:11,061 --> 01:18:14,064 believed to be drug dealers angry at Camarena's interference. 1222 01:18:14,147 --> 01:18:17,526 [reporter 3] The two men the US government thinks ordered the Camarena murder, 1223 01:18:17,609 --> 01:18:21,863 and are eager to try, are drug kingpins are Rafael Caro Quintero 1224 01:18:21,947 --> 01:18:23,657 and Ernesto Fonseca. 1225 01:18:23,740 --> 01:18:25,951 They are already in prison in Mexico. 1226 01:18:27,202 --> 01:18:29,287 All of a sudden, my phone rang. 1227 01:18:29,788 --> 01:18:32,791 They asked me if I was Jesús Esquivel. 1228 01:18:34,084 --> 01:18:36,670 I said, "Yes. Who's calling?" 1229 01:18:37,379 --> 01:18:39,464 He said, "I'm Héctor Berrellez." 1230 01:18:39,548 --> 01:18:43,760 I was in charge of investigating the murder of Kiki Camarena. 1231 01:18:44,761 --> 01:18:47,389 What he told me would change history. 1232 01:18:47,472 --> 01:18:49,141 DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION 1233 01:18:49,224 --> 01:18:53,729 [Héctor Berrellez] The story to cover up Kiki's murder 1234 01:18:54,438 --> 01:18:57,899 and to cover up the CIA's complicity in Kiki's murder… 1235 01:18:57,983 --> 01:18:59,109 HÉCTOR BERRELLEZ DEA 1236 01:18:59,192 --> 01:19:01,695 …is to say that Kiki was killed by the drug lords 1237 01:19:01,778 --> 01:19:05,532 for the biggest marijuana seizure in the history of law enforcement. 1238 01:19:05,615 --> 01:19:06,658 Over 10,000 tons. 1239 01:19:08,660 --> 01:19:11,663 That is a complete fabrication. 1240 01:19:11,747 --> 01:19:16,084 Camarena did not participate in the Buffalo raids. 1241 01:19:17,961 --> 01:19:22,132 One of the things Berrellez told me was, when he took over the investigation, 1242 01:19:22,215 --> 01:19:24,301 the first thing he did was 1243 01:19:24,384 --> 01:19:28,847 he took all of Kiki's belongings from the DEA office in Guadalajara. 1244 01:19:29,973 --> 01:19:36,146 And the first thing he saw was Kiki Camarena's planner. 1245 01:19:37,272 --> 01:19:39,983 The planner had Buendía's phone number in it. 1246 01:19:41,985 --> 01:19:46,448 Héctor Berrellez and the DEA told us also about that connection. 1247 01:19:46,531 --> 01:19:49,910 And, supposedly, they had met once. 1248 01:19:51,161 --> 01:19:52,245 So we knew that then. 1249 01:19:53,497 --> 01:19:55,415 [Berrellez] Well, back then, Manuel Buendía 1250 01:19:56,082 --> 01:20:00,420 was visited by Javier Vázquez, a reporter out of Veracruz. 1251 01:20:01,338 --> 01:20:05,592 The reporter told Manuel Buendía that he had uncovered a ranch 1252 01:20:06,718 --> 01:20:07,552 in Veracruz 1253 01:20:08,261 --> 01:20:10,889 that the DFS was protecting 1254 01:20:11,681 --> 01:20:15,894 and that the ranch belonged to Rafael Caro Quintero. 1255 01:20:16,603 --> 01:20:20,357 Zorrilla Pérez told Manuel Buendía, 1256 01:20:20,440 --> 01:20:23,026 "Don't write any of it. Please. Leave that alone." 1257 01:20:23,109 --> 01:20:23,985 "That is…" 1258 01:20:24,069 --> 01:20:26,196 "Don't even go there. That's a big secret." 1259 01:20:26,279 --> 01:20:29,115 [reporter] The most American investigators are hoping for 1260 01:20:29,199 --> 01:20:32,661 is that those responsible will be arrested and tried in Mexico. 1261 01:20:32,744 --> 01:20:36,540 So, my first objective was to find witnesses. 1262 01:20:36,623 --> 01:20:40,752 And ironically enough, they identified an American agent to me. 1263 01:20:44,130 --> 01:20:46,675 [Esquivel] He was a guy who… 1264 01:20:48,051 --> 01:20:49,094 as far as I know, 1265 01:20:50,220 --> 01:20:54,099 was a drinking buddy of the Guadalajara group. 1266 01:20:55,684 --> 01:20:57,686 [Bartley] The November of 1983, 1267 01:20:58,979 --> 01:21:02,566 he's living in Ernesto Fonseca's house, for crying out loud. 1268 01:21:02,649 --> 01:21:06,194 He's married, and he has his own house, but he's managing 1269 01:21:06,278 --> 01:21:07,821 the electronic communications, 1270 01:21:07,904 --> 01:21:10,532 the radio communications that the cartel had there. 1271 01:21:13,535 --> 01:21:17,122 Who knew anything about Harrison? He was a very complicated human being. 1272 01:21:17,205 --> 01:21:21,543 He was deep cover, and he was his own handler. 1273 01:21:23,587 --> 01:21:25,505 Obviously, he reported to somebody. 1274 01:21:26,715 --> 01:21:31,261 Um, a lot of his reporting was actually to Mexican intelligence people. 1275 01:21:32,137 --> 01:21:36,099 He had a superior, superiors in DFS, and so on. 1276 01:21:36,182 --> 01:21:39,019 And I thought, "This is strange." 1277 01:21:39,102 --> 01:21:42,355 "An American person working for the DFS?" 1278 01:21:44,024 --> 01:21:47,444 [reporter] A tiger is a powerful animal that doesn't run from danger. 1279 01:21:47,527 --> 01:21:48,987 It attacks head-on. 1280 01:21:49,070 --> 01:21:52,908 It prefers to act in silence, and it sees what others don't. 1281 01:21:53,617 --> 01:21:57,078 This is what a DFS agent should be like. 1282 01:21:57,162 --> 01:22:00,165 I went through a lot of hardship to try to get to this guy. 1283 01:22:00,248 --> 01:22:03,501 So finally, I got him on the phone, and I talked to him. 1284 01:22:04,002 --> 01:22:06,838 And he said, "You don't know what you're dealing with." 1285 01:22:06,922 --> 01:22:08,840 "You're treading in very deep waters, my friend." 1286 01:22:08,924 --> 01:22:11,176 "You don't know where you're going with this." 1287 01:22:11,259 --> 01:22:14,262 "I'm not hiding from you. I'm hiding from my own agency now." 1288 01:22:14,346 --> 01:22:15,639 "I work for the CIA." 1289 01:22:19,267 --> 01:22:22,771 But then, when they came after him, when it was clear they'd do him in, 1290 01:22:22,854 --> 01:22:24,898 one way or another, um… 1291 01:22:26,441 --> 01:22:27,609 he said, "To hell with it." 1292 01:22:27,692 --> 01:22:31,196 You know, that's when he let us record and photograph and… 1293 01:22:33,323 --> 01:22:36,242 [Bartley] This is an interview conducted by Russell Bartley 1294 01:22:36,743 --> 01:22:38,912 with Lawrence Victor Harrison 1295 01:22:39,412 --> 01:22:42,248 at his residence in Riverside, California, 1296 01:22:42,874 --> 01:22:47,796 on Thursday, June 18, 2009. 1297 01:22:48,755 --> 01:22:52,175 [Harrison] And, you know, you and I had a discussion about that, but… 1298 01:22:53,426 --> 01:22:55,261 the person who was blamed for it, 1299 01:22:55,345 --> 01:22:57,889 the person who publicized it was Manuel Buendía. 1300 01:22:57,973 --> 01:23:01,643 Where he got the lists, I don't know. He said he got them from Zorrilla. 1301 01:23:02,560 --> 01:23:04,229 Then Zorrilla later on said, 1302 01:23:04,312 --> 01:23:06,982 "I had to take care of him because he found something out." 1303 01:23:07,065 --> 01:23:10,527 "Something that I can't tell you what it is, but it's very important." 1304 01:23:10,610 --> 01:23:14,072 It certainly wasn't the credential. Everybody already knew about that. 1305 01:23:15,448 --> 01:23:17,450 It wasn't Mertins or anything like that. 1306 01:23:17,534 --> 01:23:18,994 It was something else. 1307 01:23:20,120 --> 01:23:22,330 [Bartley] Why did they kill Buendía? 1308 01:23:22,414 --> 01:23:27,252 [Harrison] Buendía? Because he had seen about these airstrips. 1309 01:23:27,335 --> 01:23:30,130 That's what they were pissed about. That was the whole thing. 1310 01:23:30,213 --> 01:23:31,381 That was their problem. 1311 01:23:32,090 --> 01:23:34,592 You now see partly, a part of what's happening. 1312 01:23:34,676 --> 01:23:36,177 You don't have the… 1313 01:23:36,970 --> 01:23:39,723 You don't have the grounding, but you're getting close. 1314 01:23:39,806 --> 01:23:41,975 You've been around, talking to people. 1315 01:23:42,058 --> 01:23:44,227 But if you're not able to put that together, 1316 01:23:44,310 --> 01:23:46,354 you should see we're running it. 1317 01:23:46,855 --> 01:23:48,732 We've been running it for a long ti-- 1318 01:23:50,817 --> 01:23:54,446 When I tell you these things, I tell you because I saw them, you know. 1319 01:23:57,574 --> 01:24:00,035 And when he was here, he said, "Listen." 1320 01:24:00,118 --> 01:24:02,954 "We have a secret operation. We're running guns 1321 01:24:03,538 --> 01:24:06,958 into Central and South America, many to the Contras, through Mexico." 1322 01:24:07,834 --> 01:24:11,046 "And we're also bringing in tons of cocaine." 1323 01:24:11,129 --> 01:24:13,798 "We are funding the Nicaraguan war with coke." 1324 01:24:13,882 --> 01:24:17,218 And I said, "Who's 'we'?" He said, "Oliver North, Félix Rodríguez." 1325 01:24:17,302 --> 01:24:19,596 OLIVER NORTH US NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR 1326 01:24:23,224 --> 01:24:26,770 [Esquivel] Félix Rodríguez is a dark person… 1327 01:24:29,898 --> 01:24:34,611 with some incredible stories in Latin America that seem like fiction. 1328 01:24:34,694 --> 01:24:37,447 Starting with the Bay of Pigs Invasion. 1329 01:24:38,323 --> 01:24:42,577 And eventually, the assassination of Che Guevara 1330 01:24:42,660 --> 01:24:43,787 in Bolivia. 1331 01:24:45,246 --> 01:24:47,290 They sent him to Mexico 1332 01:24:47,373 --> 01:24:49,793 because there were… 1333 01:24:50,835 --> 01:24:53,630 investigations by the US Congress 1334 01:24:54,756 --> 01:24:58,343 about the weapons the Contras were receiving. 1335 01:24:58,426 --> 01:25:02,472 [Congressman] Would it be fair to say, Mr. Rodríguez, that this operation 1336 01:25:02,555 --> 01:25:04,891 was controlled by the United States government? 1337 01:25:04,974 --> 01:25:06,392 I didn't consider that. 1338 01:25:06,476 --> 01:25:08,311 I considered that, uh… 1339 01:25:09,604 --> 01:25:13,775 Colonel North had the interest to help the Nicaraguan freedom fighter. 1340 01:25:13,858 --> 01:25:15,944 When you lose your country, you feel abandoned, 1341 01:25:16,027 --> 01:25:18,530 and have nobody to go to, if anybody comes to your help 1342 01:25:18,613 --> 01:25:19,989 under those circumstances, 1343 01:25:20,073 --> 01:25:22,408 it would be immoral for me not to go to him 1344 01:25:22,492 --> 01:25:24,452 or help him in any way or form. 1345 01:25:24,536 --> 01:25:28,665 You are a former CIA agent, are you not? 1346 01:25:28,748 --> 01:25:30,166 -Yes, sir. -All right. 1347 01:25:30,250 --> 01:25:34,170 Kiki Camarena was targeted 1348 01:25:34,921 --> 01:25:40,218 because he found out about the Veracruz ranch. 1349 01:25:41,678 --> 01:25:44,430 They feared that he knew about the training camps, 1350 01:25:44,514 --> 01:25:48,685 and he knew of the collusion of the DFS, the CIA with the narcos. 1351 01:25:48,768 --> 01:25:52,021 I mean, you start putting pieces of the puzzle together, 1352 01:25:53,231 --> 01:25:54,232 and you see it. 1353 01:25:54,315 --> 01:25:58,987 We killed Buendía. We killed Camarena. We, the Americans. 1354 01:25:59,070 --> 01:26:00,488 [somber music playing] 1355 01:26:02,407 --> 01:26:05,577 [Berrellez] The CIA, to this day, feels they did nothing wrong. 1356 01:26:05,660 --> 01:26:10,790 The war against Communism is first, above in priorities than the drug war. 1357 01:26:10,874 --> 01:26:13,042 Of course, I'm DEA. I'm saying, "You're wrong." 1358 01:26:13,126 --> 01:26:15,336 I mean, to me, you're destroying our country. 1359 01:26:15,420 --> 01:26:18,715 Uh, you're destroying our youth, and you guys are drug dealers. 1360 01:26:20,258 --> 01:26:22,844 [Bartley] We may not be talking about security. We're talking about… 1361 01:26:24,137 --> 01:26:26,598 regime goals and objectives in the world. 1362 01:26:27,307 --> 01:26:28,308 Policy. 1363 01:26:32,103 --> 01:26:36,858 What has always been on our minds 1364 01:26:36,941 --> 01:26:38,693 is, "Who?" 1365 01:26:39,277 --> 01:26:43,406 Zorrilla had no personal issues with Manuel. 1366 01:26:43,489 --> 01:26:47,994 The issue came from higher up, from top officials. 1367 01:26:50,455 --> 01:26:54,500 [Moro] When I left court, I ran into a guy with blue eyes who said, 1368 01:26:54,584 --> 01:26:57,295 "Moro, you didn't kill Buendía." 1369 01:26:57,378 --> 01:26:58,421 "Of course not." 1370 01:26:58,504 --> 01:27:01,257 "I know who did it. It wasn't you." 1371 01:27:02,425 --> 01:27:05,595 He said he knew a guy, 1372 01:27:06,971 --> 01:27:10,350 Luis Sayas, who worked as a hit man. 1373 01:27:10,892 --> 01:27:16,272 Sayas said he had a .38 caliber gun. 1374 01:27:16,356 --> 01:27:19,359 According to him, they saw Buendía leave and said, 1375 01:27:19,442 --> 01:27:22,278 "That's Buendía." 1376 01:27:22,362 --> 01:27:26,324 He crossed the street, and he shot him from the front 1377 01:27:26,950 --> 01:27:27,867 and ran away. 1378 01:27:27,951 --> 01:27:32,163 When they left, they got orders for another job. 1379 01:27:32,872 --> 01:27:35,041 To rob a jewelry store… 1380 01:27:36,251 --> 01:27:39,420 A jewelry store in Acapulco with a lot of gold. 1381 01:27:40,129 --> 01:27:44,092 When they got there, they attacked them, and they killed Luis Sayas. They shot him. 1382 01:27:44,175 --> 01:27:48,429 They filled him with a lot of bullets and dumped him in a common grave. 1383 01:27:49,347 --> 01:27:51,224 And that's where Buendía's killer is. 1384 01:27:51,307 --> 01:27:53,851 AFTER SPENDING 18 YEARS IN PRISON, 1385 01:27:53,935 --> 01:27:57,063 JUAN RAFAEL MORO ÁVILA WAS RELEASED IN FEBRUARY 2009. 1386 01:27:57,146 --> 01:27:59,774 [brooding music playing] 1387 01:28:02,819 --> 01:28:05,655 -Hello, Mr. Zorrilla. -How are you? 1388 01:28:05,738 --> 01:28:08,449 [official] I'm here to meet with you again. 1389 01:28:08,533 --> 01:28:11,828 -I hope we aren't bothering you. -No, not at all. 1390 01:28:11,911 --> 01:28:13,162 -[official] You sure? -Of course. 1391 01:28:13,246 --> 01:28:14,831 [official] I'm happy to hear that, sir. 1392 01:28:14,914 --> 01:28:17,917 I'm innocent, and so are my associates. 1393 01:28:18,042 --> 01:28:23,006 The authorities need to investigate the matter. 1394 01:28:23,548 --> 01:28:27,885 I went to the crime scene because Luis Soto called me. 1395 01:28:28,636 --> 01:28:30,305 I arrived quickly 1396 01:28:30,388 --> 01:28:33,182 because it was five minutes away from my office. 1397 01:28:33,766 --> 01:28:37,145 I went quickly to see a friend 1398 01:28:37,228 --> 01:28:39,272 who I was told had been shot. 1399 01:28:40,023 --> 01:28:44,402 I went to help him and see if I could save his life. 1400 01:28:44,485 --> 01:28:49,115 If that's a sin, I would gladly do it again. 1401 01:28:49,866 --> 01:28:55,872 I'm convinced that it is a state crime. 1402 01:28:57,999 --> 01:28:59,959 Zorrilla is not guilty. 1403 01:29:00,043 --> 01:29:03,296 May Mr. Morales Lechuga forgive me 1404 01:29:03,379 --> 01:29:05,923 and the government and whoever else as well, 1405 01:29:06,758 --> 01:29:08,092 but I questioned him. 1406 01:29:08,176 --> 01:29:09,469 I interrogated him. 1407 01:29:11,054 --> 01:29:14,432 And with all due respect, I'm good at that. 1408 01:29:14,515 --> 01:29:16,601 AFTER 25 YEARS IN PRISON, 1409 01:29:16,684 --> 01:29:22,148 JOSÉ ANTONIO ZORRILLA PÉREZ WAS PLACED UNDER HOUSE ARREST IN 2013. 1410 01:29:22,231 --> 01:29:25,526 When the PRI controlled Mexico in the '80s, 1411 01:29:26,611 --> 01:29:30,198 the code of silence was very important, and it still is. 1412 01:29:31,324 --> 01:29:32,950 Before he dies, 1413 01:29:33,034 --> 01:29:37,080 Zorrilla should give his version of the story. 1414 01:29:37,163 --> 01:29:38,498 Hopefully, he does. 1415 01:29:43,002 --> 01:29:44,670 History belongs to no one. 1416 01:29:45,505 --> 01:29:49,801 In that sense, those of us who have lived for so long 1417 01:29:50,760 --> 01:29:54,430 should not keep our "secrets" to ourselves, 1418 01:29:55,098 --> 01:29:59,268 especially not when they concern matters that affect the whole nation. 1419 01:30:03,940 --> 01:30:05,983 [Aguayo] The history of Mexico in the 20th century 1420 01:30:06,067 --> 01:30:09,570 is the story of the crumbling of the Mexican state 1421 01:30:10,196 --> 01:30:13,324 and the emergence and consolidation of organized crime. 1422 01:30:14,534 --> 01:30:19,705 And in that story, we have to include figures like Manuel Buendía. 1423 01:30:19,789 --> 01:30:23,501 Manuel Buendía, like other great journalists of the 19th century, 1424 01:30:23,584 --> 01:30:25,711 returned to the liberal tradition, 1425 01:30:25,795 --> 01:30:28,589 though it's much more evolved this century, 1426 01:30:28,673 --> 01:30:31,551 and he made journalism a weapon. 1427 01:30:31,634 --> 01:30:33,886 I think he was the first journalist that, 1428 01:30:33,970 --> 01:30:38,641 if I remember correctly, was killed this way, on the street. 1429 01:30:38,724 --> 01:30:42,311 That's where it happened, leaving his office. 1430 01:30:42,395 --> 01:30:46,399 A crime against all of Mexico. It wasn't just against one man. 1431 01:30:47,233 --> 01:30:50,987 But the ideas, freedom, and truth will always live on, 1432 01:30:51,070 --> 01:30:55,908 regardless of whether they murder brave men like Manuel Buendía. 1433 01:30:55,992 --> 01:30:59,203 He continued to report, 1434 01:30:59,787 --> 01:31:03,958 but the people with power remained in the limelight. 1435 01:31:04,709 --> 01:31:10,465 And to take such huge risks for nothing to happen 1436 01:31:11,132 --> 01:31:14,427 is disappointing and unfair. 1437 01:31:14,510 --> 01:31:20,725 And it makes you ask yourself, "What for?" 1438 01:31:21,642 --> 01:31:22,643 [soft music playing] 1439 01:31:22,727 --> 01:31:23,936 [narrator] "God's Truce." 1440 01:31:25,563 --> 01:31:26,981 When the meadow catches fire, 1441 01:31:28,232 --> 01:31:30,693 when there's a threat of flood, 1442 01:31:30,776 --> 01:31:33,654 or something frightens the animals, 1443 01:31:34,155 --> 01:31:37,533 the beasts and vermin share refuge 1444 01:31:38,034 --> 01:31:39,160 without fighting, 1445 01:31:39,785 --> 01:31:41,871 without tearing each other to pieces. 1446 01:31:43,164 --> 01:31:46,959 The farmers call this "God's truce." 1447 01:31:48,669 --> 01:31:50,004 Let's call a truce. 1448 01:31:51,339 --> 01:31:54,634 If we are not capable of acting rationally, 1449 01:31:55,301 --> 01:31:58,846 let us be guided by our animal instincts. 1450 01:32:01,015 --> 01:32:02,266 What does this mean? 1451 01:32:03,017 --> 01:32:06,103 How meaningful are the other things that are happening? 1452 01:32:06,187 --> 01:32:10,316 I repeat, we have the need and the subject matter 1453 01:32:10,399 --> 01:32:13,361 to examine a political event 1454 01:32:13,444 --> 01:32:17,240 that is multilayered, that has different shades and textures, 1455 01:32:17,323 --> 01:32:21,285 and that probably has deceptive lighting. 1456 01:32:21,369 --> 01:32:25,498 Well, there will hopefully still be time 1457 01:32:25,581 --> 01:32:29,335 to keep speaking with you, in front of you. 1458 01:32:30,044 --> 01:32:33,923 For now, thank you for listening to me today. 1459 01:32:38,553 --> 01:32:40,137 [theme music playing]