1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:05,589 --> 00:00:06,880 (suspenseful music) 3 00:00:06,924 --> 00:00:09,049 - [Kareem] When it comes to American history, 4 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 5 00:00:09,093 --> 00:00:10,384 I would almost guarantee 6 00:00:10,428 --> 00:00:13,303 that no four years has been studied, debated, 7 00:00:13,347 --> 00:00:17,975 and picked apart more than 1861 through 1865, 8 00:00:18,019 --> 00:00:19,226 The Civil War. 9 00:00:19,270 --> 00:00:21,103 (explosion booms) 10 00:00:21,147 --> 00:00:25,065 While the Revolutionary War created the concept of America, 11 00:00:25,109 --> 00:00:27,401 the Civil War defined the reality 12 00:00:27,445 --> 00:00:29,570 of a democracy. (uplifting music) 13 00:00:29,613 --> 00:00:32,488 There were so many courageous African-Americans involved 14 00:00:32,533 --> 00:00:35,909 in this crucial conflict whose bravery deserves all 15 00:00:35,953 --> 00:00:37,578 of our recognition. 16 00:00:37,621 --> 00:00:40,414 (dramatic music) 17 00:00:40,458 --> 00:00:42,750 By taking a closer look at these black patriots 18 00:00:42,793 --> 00:00:44,084 of the Civil War, 19 00:00:44,128 --> 00:00:46,754 my hope is that we can come to understand 20 00:00:46,797 --> 00:00:49,423 that these heroic African-Americans 21 00:00:49,467 --> 00:00:52,342 are part of a history we all share. 22 00:00:52,386 --> 00:00:55,137 (dramatic music) 23 00:00:59,393 --> 00:01:02,186 I remember history books when I was in grade school. 24 00:01:02,229 --> 00:01:03,812 black Americans were only mentioned 25 00:01:03,856 --> 00:01:07,483 in the context of slavery and civil rights. 26 00:01:08,652 --> 00:01:10,694 Nothing else was ever acknowledged 27 00:01:10,738 --> 00:01:13,322 about what we've contributed to America. 28 00:01:13,365 --> 00:01:14,823 (suspenseful music) 29 00:01:14,867 --> 00:01:19,286 Almost 200,000 blacks were involved in the Union Army. 30 00:01:19,330 --> 00:01:21,747 They helped the Union win the Civil War. 31 00:01:22,917 --> 00:01:25,626 If the role that African-Americans have played is 32 00:01:25,669 --> 00:01:30,380 not acknowledged, then our worthlessness is proven 33 00:01:30,424 --> 00:01:31,548 by that idea. 34 00:01:31,592 --> 00:01:33,675 We helped make this nation. 35 00:01:34,845 --> 00:01:38,555 It's 1783 and the end of the Revolutionary War 36 00:01:38,598 --> 00:01:40,223 sees a new nation break free 37 00:01:40,267 --> 00:01:42,518 from the shackles of British tyranny. 38 00:01:42,561 --> 00:01:43,936 (draatic music) 39 00:01:43,979 --> 00:01:46,188 But for hundreds of thousands of African-Americans, 40 00:01:46,232 --> 00:01:49,399 the struggle for freedom is far from over. 41 00:01:49,443 --> 00:01:53,529 In America's South, a new cash crop emerges. 42 00:01:53,572 --> 00:01:57,616 - By the 1780s, 1790s, early 1800s, 43 00:01:58,869 --> 00:02:02,371 cotton finds its way to the United States. 44 00:02:02,414 --> 00:02:06,166 And with cotton comes the expansion of slavery. 45 00:02:06,210 --> 00:02:07,751 (suspenseful music) 46 00:02:07,795 --> 00:02:10,086 - It was the one commodity 47 00:02:10,131 --> 00:02:15,134 in the United States that did nothing but rise in value. 48 00:02:15,594 --> 00:02:20,430 The one assurance of making money was to acquire slaves. 49 00:02:21,892 --> 00:02:25,936 - And so really there's a Northern sphere of influence 50 00:02:26,856 --> 00:02:31,358 that became free, while there was a Southern sphere 51 00:02:31,402 --> 00:02:35,946 that was unwilling to even imagine life without slavery. 52 00:02:35,990 --> 00:02:36,905 (dramatic music) 53 00:02:36,949 --> 00:02:38,448 - The disputes over slavery 54 00:02:38,492 --> 00:02:40,701 would simmer for decades, 55 00:02:40,744 --> 00:02:43,328 until Americans finally turned against each other. 56 00:02:44,748 --> 00:02:47,875 American cotton growers were the richest people 57 00:02:47,918 --> 00:02:49,126 per capita at that point, 58 00:02:49,170 --> 00:02:52,796 and the value in slaves was probably 59 00:02:52,840 --> 00:02:54,298 in the billions of dollars. 60 00:02:54,341 --> 00:02:57,091 Abolitionists thought it was a crime 61 00:02:57,136 --> 00:02:59,553 what was being done to people of African descent. 62 00:02:59,597 --> 00:03:02,556 So somebody was going to have 63 00:03:02,600 --> 00:03:05,309 to give a very strongly held position 64 00:03:05,352 --> 00:03:06,977 and a war was fought over it. 65 00:03:07,021 --> 00:03:09,605 (cannons booming) (men shouting) 66 00:03:09,648 --> 00:03:11,231 As the war officially breaks out 67 00:03:11,275 --> 00:03:15,777 in South Carolina on April 12th, 1861, 68 00:03:15,821 --> 00:03:20,407 free black men rush to volunteer with the Union forces. 69 00:03:20,451 --> 00:03:22,826 But President Abraham Lincoln is steadfast 70 00:03:22,870 --> 00:03:24,620 in keeping them out of the fight. 71 00:03:24,663 --> 00:03:27,956 (cannons booming) 72 00:03:28,000 --> 00:03:31,960 - [John] The first aim as president was for Lincoln 73 00:03:32,004 --> 00:03:37,007 to preserve the nation, to prevent the upper South, 74 00:03:37,301 --> 00:03:39,509 the other slave states, from seceding 75 00:03:39,553 --> 00:03:43,096 and lure the seceded states back into the Union. 76 00:03:43,140 --> 00:03:44,848 - He opposed slavery, but he did not want 77 00:03:44,892 --> 00:03:47,601 to interfere with slavery where it existed in the South. 78 00:03:47,645 --> 00:03:49,603 He was not someone who advocated 79 00:03:49,647 --> 00:03:52,940 the forceful overthrow of slavery in the South. 80 00:03:52,983 --> 00:03:54,149 - When the Civil War starts, 81 00:03:54,192 --> 00:03:56,526 there's 4.3 million African-Americans living 82 00:03:56,570 --> 00:03:57,694 in the United States. 83 00:03:57,738 --> 00:04:00,614 3.9 million of them were enslaved. 84 00:04:00,658 --> 00:04:02,324 - For African-Americans, 85 00:04:02,368 --> 00:04:04,618 this war was about their freedom. 86 00:04:04,662 --> 00:04:06,954 blacks knew what was happening with this conflict 87 00:04:06,997 --> 00:04:10,624 and which side that they had to perform for. 88 00:04:10,668 --> 00:04:12,376 (suspenseful music) 89 00:04:12,419 --> 00:04:17,130 I first read about Robert Smalls in Benjamin Quarles's book 90 00:04:17,173 --> 00:04:20,634 about African-Americans in the Civil War. 91 00:04:20,678 --> 00:04:23,553 This story really represents anything that you can say 92 00:04:23,597 --> 00:04:27,349 about all of the slaves that freed themselves. 93 00:04:27,393 --> 00:04:29,059 They weren't gonna wait for the Union Army 94 00:04:29,103 --> 00:04:31,311 or someone to come and give them their freedom. 95 00:04:31,355 --> 00:04:32,562 They were gonna take it. 96 00:04:33,440 --> 00:04:34,898 (suspenseful music) 97 00:04:34,942 --> 00:04:37,401 - Robert Smalls was born a slave 98 00:04:37,444 --> 00:04:40,070 in Beaufort, South Carolina, 99 00:04:40,114 --> 00:04:43,740 but eventually becomes a pilot 100 00:04:43,784 --> 00:04:45,909 around the port of Charleston. 101 00:04:47,538 --> 00:04:51,748 When the Civil War begins, Robert Smalls finds himself 102 00:04:51,792 --> 00:04:56,211 as the pilot of a Confederate ship, the Planter, 103 00:04:57,131 --> 00:04:59,464 and they rely on his skills 104 00:04:59,508 --> 00:05:03,468 to pick up supplies and ammunition and guns. 105 00:05:03,512 --> 00:05:05,012 - Remember, these slaves did everything. 106 00:05:05,055 --> 00:05:07,264 This is the hardest thing for us to wrap our heads around. 107 00:05:07,308 --> 00:05:09,266 blacks were growing food. 108 00:05:09,310 --> 00:05:12,019 They were piloting some of these ships, like Robert Smalls. 109 00:05:12,062 --> 00:05:13,562 They were building the fortifications, 110 00:05:13,605 --> 00:05:15,856 making arms and armaments. 111 00:05:15,899 --> 00:05:17,232 (suspenseful music) 112 00:05:17,276 --> 00:05:19,443 - [Kareem] By April of 1862, 113 00:05:19,486 --> 00:05:21,862 the Union Navy began setting up blockades 114 00:05:21,905 --> 00:05:24,114 along the coastline of Southern states, 115 00:05:24,158 --> 00:05:25,782 including South Carolina. 116 00:05:25,826 --> 00:05:29,244 (suspenseful music) 117 00:05:29,288 --> 00:05:32,873 Tensions are high in the port city of Charleston. 118 00:05:32,916 --> 00:05:35,625 Smalls, like so many enslaved people, 119 00:05:35,669 --> 00:05:37,919 is haunted by the idea that his wife, Hannah, 120 00:05:37,963 --> 00:05:40,213 and children might be sold 121 00:05:40,257 --> 00:05:42,174 and the family split apart. 122 00:05:43,427 --> 00:05:44,801 - Robert really started looking 123 00:05:44,845 --> 00:05:47,137 for an opportunity to escape, 124 00:05:47,181 --> 00:05:50,557 but as a father of two, including an infant, 125 00:05:50,601 --> 00:05:54,728 the idea of them running by foot was nearly impossible. 126 00:05:54,772 --> 00:05:56,563 - [Kareem] Determined not to lose his family, 127 00:05:56,607 --> 00:05:58,565 Robert comes up with an extraordinary 128 00:05:58,609 --> 00:05:59,983 and audacious plan: 129 00:06:01,445 --> 00:06:04,279 steal the Confederate ship Planter and sail north. 130 00:06:05,449 --> 00:06:08,325 - The captain of the ship was Charles Relyea. 131 00:06:08,369 --> 00:06:11,119 He was short and stocky, like Robert was. 132 00:06:11,163 --> 00:06:13,997 Relyea loved to wear a certain hat 133 00:06:14,041 --> 00:06:16,917 and a light bulb went off for Robert Smalls. 134 00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:18,502 He started thinking maybe 135 00:06:18,545 --> 00:06:21,338 this is the way I can get my family to safety. 136 00:06:21,382 --> 00:06:23,840 He would have to impersonate a white captain. 137 00:06:24,676 --> 00:06:26,134 (suspenseful music) 138 00:06:26,178 --> 00:06:29,638 - He has gotten word about where U.S. naval forces are. 139 00:06:29,681 --> 00:06:34,183 He knows how to navigate that ship without any difficulty. 140 00:06:34,228 --> 00:06:36,561 He knows who he can trust on that ship 141 00:06:37,481 --> 00:06:39,856 to carry out this plan with him. 142 00:06:39,900 --> 00:06:41,274 - If anyone found out, 143 00:06:41,318 --> 00:06:44,277 there would be terrible punishments inflicted. 144 00:06:44,321 --> 00:06:46,613 The potential of the family being sold, 145 00:06:46,657 --> 00:06:48,323 obviously physical harm. 146 00:06:49,743 --> 00:06:52,034 - [Kareem] On May 13th, 1862, 147 00:06:52,079 --> 00:06:56,373 Robert Smalls gets the chance to execute his bold plan. 148 00:06:56,417 --> 00:06:58,207 - Robert and the crew learned 149 00:06:58,252 --> 00:07:01,378 that two of the white officers were going 150 00:07:01,422 --> 00:07:03,463 to be in town that evening, 151 00:07:03,507 --> 00:07:06,007 despite being against Confederate orders. 152 00:07:06,051 --> 00:07:08,176 They were not supposed to leave the steamer 153 00:07:08,220 --> 00:07:10,887 in the hands of the enslaved crew. 154 00:07:10,931 --> 00:07:12,222 - I think there was a certain amount 155 00:07:12,266 --> 00:07:14,891 of confidence and arrogance that went 156 00:07:14,935 --> 00:07:18,437 with leaving enslaved people in charge of the Planter. 157 00:07:19,773 --> 00:07:21,231 - [Kareem] Robert Smalls and his crew 158 00:07:21,275 --> 00:07:23,275 wait until darkness falls. 159 00:07:24,194 --> 00:07:27,988 Around 3:00 AM, Smalls, quietly steers the Planter out 160 00:07:28,031 --> 00:07:30,157 of Charleston Harbor, stopping first 161 00:07:30,200 --> 00:07:32,742 to pick up family members hiding nearby. 162 00:07:34,204 --> 00:07:36,705 - The likelihood of this actually succeeding 163 00:07:36,748 --> 00:07:38,498 was very small. 164 00:07:38,542 --> 00:07:39,916 They knew that they were either going 165 00:07:39,960 --> 00:07:41,501 to escape or die that night. 166 00:07:41,545 --> 00:07:43,086 (suspenseful music) 167 00:07:43,130 --> 00:07:45,547 - [Kareem] Before sunrise, Smalls will need 168 00:07:45,591 --> 00:07:47,048 to pass undetected 169 00:07:47,092 --> 00:07:49,759 through four heavily-armed Confederate checkpoints. 170 00:07:50,971 --> 00:07:52,387 Castle Pinckney, 171 00:07:53,432 --> 00:07:54,764 Fort Ripley, 172 00:07:55,225 --> 00:07:56,433 Fort Johnson, 173 00:07:56,477 --> 00:07:58,185 and Fort Sumter. 174 00:08:00,564 --> 00:08:02,105 As Smalls comes upon the first 175 00:08:02,149 --> 00:08:04,524 of four heavily-armed Confederate checkpoints, 176 00:08:04,568 --> 00:08:08,195 he has to pass himself off as a white officer. 177 00:08:08,238 --> 00:08:10,363 (suspenseful music) 178 00:08:10,407 --> 00:08:13,408 - The moon was the exact level that they needed 179 00:08:13,452 --> 00:08:14,576 to have enough light, 180 00:08:14,620 --> 00:08:16,953 but not enough to showcase Robert's face. 181 00:08:16,997 --> 00:08:19,581 Robert knew all the right signals to give 182 00:08:19,625 --> 00:08:21,957 to the various forts as they passed. 183 00:08:22,002 --> 00:08:25,962 - But there's also a certain amount of bravado involved. 184 00:08:26,006 --> 00:08:30,050 Robert actually dons the captain's hat. 185 00:08:30,093 --> 00:08:31,426 He pretends to be him 186 00:08:32,929 --> 00:08:36,264 and adopts his mannerisms and walks around on the deck. 187 00:08:36,308 --> 00:08:39,392 They are fooled and they let them go by. 188 00:08:39,436 --> 00:08:41,602 (suspenseful music) 189 00:08:41,647 --> 00:08:44,940 - [Kareem] As daylight breaks, Robert Smalls, his family, 190 00:08:44,983 --> 00:08:48,068 and his crew have made it through all four checkpoints 191 00:08:48,111 --> 00:08:48,944 against the odds. 192 00:08:50,113 --> 00:08:51,446 But on his way to freedom, 193 00:08:51,490 --> 00:08:54,991 he still faces one final and deadly challenge. 194 00:08:55,035 --> 00:08:56,910 (suspenseful music) 195 00:08:59,498 --> 00:09:02,624 - [Kareem] In the predawn hours of May 13th, 1862, 196 00:09:03,794 --> 00:09:06,670 after slipping past four Confederate forts, 197 00:09:06,713 --> 00:09:09,756 Robert Smalls, his family, and crew face 198 00:09:09,800 --> 00:09:13,426 the most dangerous threat in their daring escape to freedom: 199 00:09:13,470 --> 00:09:15,804 a heavily armed Union blockade. 200 00:09:17,641 --> 00:09:21,434 - It was a particularly risky move because they were 201 00:09:21,478 --> 00:09:24,771 in a steamer that had a Confederate flag flying. 202 00:09:26,233 --> 00:09:29,067 It was very possible that the Union fleet would assume 203 00:09:29,111 --> 00:09:30,944 that they were trying to attack them. 204 00:09:30,988 --> 00:09:33,738 Everything was on the line at this point. 205 00:09:33,782 --> 00:09:35,198 - [Kareem] Robert's wife, Hannah, 206 00:09:35,242 --> 00:09:37,033 pulls out a white bed sheet, 207 00:09:37,077 --> 00:09:40,287 which they quickly hoist in place of the Confederate flag. 208 00:09:42,124 --> 00:09:45,542 - The Union was preparing their guns to fire on the ship. 209 00:09:45,586 --> 00:09:48,128 And just as the captain was about 210 00:09:48,171 --> 00:09:52,424 to order all guns to go off, someone noticed a white flag. 211 00:09:54,678 --> 00:09:57,762 - And they assume that it is a Confederate ship 212 00:09:57,806 --> 00:09:58,805 coming to surrender. 213 00:10:00,267 --> 00:10:03,143 What they didn't expect to see were enslaved people 214 00:10:03,186 --> 00:10:07,814 steering and piloting this ship. 215 00:10:07,858 --> 00:10:09,899 - Robert said, "Good morning, sir. 216 00:10:09,943 --> 00:10:12,611 "I've brought you some of Lincoln's guns, sir." 217 00:10:13,780 --> 00:10:15,989 - It was a time in which the Union Navy 218 00:10:16,033 --> 00:10:19,159 was in desperate need of ships. 219 00:10:19,202 --> 00:10:21,411 And this was a gun boat. (uplifting music) 220 00:10:21,455 --> 00:10:23,747 - [Kareem] One with over 200 valuable rounds 221 00:10:23,790 --> 00:10:25,665 of ammunition and guns. 222 00:10:25,709 --> 00:10:29,002 (suspenseful music) 223 00:10:29,046 --> 00:10:32,297 As the news of Robert Smalls's dramatic escape spreads 224 00:10:32,341 --> 00:10:33,840 throughout the North, 225 00:10:33,884 --> 00:10:37,302 his story helps to reshape an image of the enslaved. 226 00:10:37,346 --> 00:10:38,470 - Lincoln hears of it. 227 00:10:38,513 --> 00:10:40,055 The War Department hears of it. 228 00:10:41,558 --> 00:10:45,185 - [Kareem] The navy enlists Smalls as a civilian pilot. 229 00:10:45,228 --> 00:10:47,479 - Robert Smalls, he doesn't have to go to basic training. 230 00:10:47,522 --> 00:10:50,148 He's been running this baby for almost a year and a half, 231 00:10:50,192 --> 00:10:52,275 and he's showing the Union Navy 232 00:10:52,319 --> 00:10:54,235 how to run down Confederate ships. 233 00:10:55,656 --> 00:10:56,863 - When it came time 234 00:10:56,907 --> 00:10:59,282 for someone to stand up and go out and fight, 235 00:10:59,326 --> 00:11:01,660 black Americans were just waiting for the opportunity. 236 00:11:01,703 --> 00:11:03,203 The increased manpower 237 00:11:03,246 --> 00:11:05,497 of the Union Army gave them a tremendous advantage 238 00:11:05,540 --> 00:11:06,998 on the battlefield. 239 00:11:07,042 --> 00:11:08,458 (suspenseful music) 240 00:11:08,502 --> 00:11:10,877 The first black volunteers to fight 241 00:11:10,921 --> 00:11:13,713 in the Civil War really showed the willingness 242 00:11:13,757 --> 00:11:18,301 of free blacks to go out and do what they could 243 00:11:18,345 --> 00:11:21,012 to make our country what it was supposed to be. 244 00:11:22,182 --> 00:11:23,640 (uplifting music) That's the story 245 00:11:23,684 --> 00:11:26,518 of the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry Regiment 246 00:11:26,561 --> 00:11:28,144 and William Matthews. 247 00:11:28,188 --> 00:11:32,816 - William Matthews was born free in the late 1840s. 248 00:11:32,859 --> 00:11:34,234 He settled in Baltimore, 249 00:11:34,277 --> 00:11:35,985 but discriminatory laws made it hard 250 00:11:36,029 --> 00:11:37,320 for him to make a living. 251 00:11:37,364 --> 00:11:38,822 So he just decided, the heck with it. 252 00:11:38,865 --> 00:11:42,325 I'm gonna go somewhere where, you know, I can be freer. 253 00:11:42,369 --> 00:11:44,411 - [Kareem] Matthew settles in Kansas 254 00:11:44,454 --> 00:11:45,912 and opens a boarding house, 255 00:11:45,956 --> 00:11:48,498 which also serves as a station 256 00:11:48,542 --> 00:11:50,917 on the Underground Railroad. 257 00:11:50,961 --> 00:11:54,421 When Kansas Senator Jim Lane musters a black regiment 258 00:11:54,464 --> 00:11:57,424 due to a shortage of eligible white soldiers, 259 00:11:57,467 --> 00:12:00,343 Matthews is tapped to help with recruitment. 260 00:12:00,387 --> 00:12:02,929 - Jim Lane decides to recruit black units 261 00:12:02,973 --> 00:12:05,432 and he reports this to the War Department 262 00:12:05,475 --> 00:12:09,185 and he gets responses, well, this has not been authorized, 263 00:12:09,229 --> 00:12:11,855 but then he just goes ahead and does it anyway. 264 00:12:11,898 --> 00:12:14,107 - [Erica] The 1st Kansas is unique 265 00:12:14,151 --> 00:12:16,609 because it's organized in Kansas. 266 00:12:16,653 --> 00:12:20,780 It is free black men who volunteer in 1862. 267 00:12:20,824 --> 00:12:23,700 - [Gregory] Matthews was a wonderful recruiter. 268 00:12:23,744 --> 00:12:28,288 He became kind of the animating spirit in the regiment. 269 00:12:28,331 --> 00:12:30,039 - Matthews wanted to prove not only 270 00:12:30,083 --> 00:12:31,708 that black soldiers could fight, 271 00:12:31,752 --> 00:12:33,710 but that black officers could lead. 272 00:12:33,754 --> 00:12:36,713 And he took it very personally 273 00:12:36,757 --> 00:12:38,882 that his unit become highly trained, 274 00:12:38,925 --> 00:12:41,468 highly experienced, the best trained company 275 00:12:41,511 --> 00:12:42,343 in the regiment. 276 00:12:43,972 --> 00:12:46,055 - [Kareem] Not only does Matthews raise enough men 277 00:12:46,099 --> 00:12:48,224 to captain his own company, 278 00:12:48,268 --> 00:12:50,810 but it is said he encouraged hundreds to enlist 279 00:12:50,854 --> 00:12:53,646 across the 1st Kansas Colored Regiment. 280 00:12:53,690 --> 00:12:55,565 This prepares the Kansas Army 281 00:12:55,609 --> 00:12:57,984 with enough manpower to face the historic day 282 00:12:58,028 --> 00:13:01,321 of October 29th, 1862, 283 00:13:01,364 --> 00:13:03,782 when a band of Confederate guerrillas surrounds 284 00:13:03,825 --> 00:13:06,910 their military headquarters on the Kansas-Missouri border, 285 00:13:06,953 --> 00:13:08,620 called Fort Africa. 286 00:13:10,373 --> 00:13:13,333 (men shouting) 287 00:13:13,376 --> 00:13:17,003 - So 25 black soldiers or so chase after 288 00:13:17,047 --> 00:13:18,755 some Confederate guerrillas, 289 00:13:18,799 --> 00:13:23,092 and suddenly 130 guerrillas materialize. 290 00:13:23,136 --> 00:13:27,680 (men shouting) (guns popping) 291 00:13:27,724 --> 00:13:29,182 - [Kareem] The conflict becomes known 292 00:13:29,226 --> 00:13:31,351 as the Battle of Island Mound 293 00:13:31,394 --> 00:13:34,854 and marks the very first time black soldiers see combat 294 00:13:34,898 --> 00:13:35,980 in the Civil War. 295 00:13:37,651 --> 00:13:40,527 - They were outnumbered four or five to one. 296 00:13:40,570 --> 00:13:42,278 These soldiers had single-shot muskets. 297 00:13:42,322 --> 00:13:43,696 So once they fired, 298 00:13:43,740 --> 00:13:45,824 they had only their bayonets to defend themselves. 299 00:13:45,867 --> 00:13:48,117 And so the accounts describe men bayoneting 300 00:13:48,161 --> 00:13:50,662 at Confederates, swinging their muskets as clubs. 301 00:13:51,748 --> 00:13:53,790 This was a fight for survival. 302 00:13:53,834 --> 00:13:56,543 Other members of the 1st Kansas Colored Infantry arrived, 303 00:13:56,586 --> 00:14:00,296 opened fire, and eventually drove the Confederates off. 304 00:14:00,340 --> 00:14:02,048 (men shouting) (dramatic music) 305 00:14:02,092 --> 00:14:03,842 - [Kareem] The entire engagement at Island Mound 306 00:14:03,885 --> 00:14:06,845 is a small skirmish in the grand scheme of battles, 307 00:14:07,722 --> 00:14:10,348 but the contributions of men like William Matthews 308 00:14:10,392 --> 00:14:12,725 and the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers 309 00:14:12,769 --> 00:14:16,020 changes how black soldiers are now perceived. 310 00:14:16,064 --> 00:14:19,732 - People who began advocating for black military service 311 00:14:19,776 --> 00:14:23,653 used the victory at Island Mound as a real example. 312 00:14:23,697 --> 00:14:26,406 Not only that blacks were willing to fight, 313 00:14:26,449 --> 00:14:29,868 but they could fight and win and support the Union cause. 314 00:14:29,911 --> 00:14:32,912 (suspenseful music) 315 00:14:33,957 --> 00:14:36,665 - While the bravery of the 1st Kansas sent a message 316 00:14:36,710 --> 00:14:38,918 that African Americans could have an impact 317 00:14:38,962 --> 00:14:41,880 on the battlefield, an entirely different kind 318 00:14:41,923 --> 00:14:45,174 of patriot was making an impact behind enemy lines. 319 00:14:45,218 --> 00:14:46,926 (suspenseful music) 320 00:14:46,970 --> 00:14:49,679 The willingness of black Americans 321 00:14:49,723 --> 00:14:52,265 to confront their oppressor 322 00:14:52,309 --> 00:14:55,101 and enslaver is pretty amazing. 323 00:14:55,145 --> 00:14:57,937 The role of the black spy was very important 324 00:14:57,981 --> 00:15:01,524 because the fact that the Southerners saw blacks 325 00:15:01,568 --> 00:15:03,776 as inferior meant that they had no respect 326 00:15:03,820 --> 00:15:05,361 for their intelligence. 327 00:15:05,405 --> 00:15:08,072 So they didn't think that black people could gather 328 00:15:08,116 --> 00:15:13,119 and remember information crucial to military matters. 329 00:15:13,496 --> 00:15:16,456 It was just fine when black people 330 00:15:16,499 --> 00:15:18,875 were looking over their shoulder when they're making plans. 331 00:15:18,919 --> 00:15:20,710 Sometimes those plans ended up 332 00:15:20,754 --> 00:15:23,129 in the hands of the Union Army. 333 00:15:23,173 --> 00:15:24,756 (suspenseful music) 334 00:15:24,799 --> 00:15:28,259 In 1911, Harper's Magazine publishes an amazing 335 00:15:28,303 --> 00:15:30,762 and little-known story from the Civil War, 336 00:15:30,805 --> 00:15:34,223 detailing one enslaved woman's journey that, if true, 337 00:15:34,267 --> 00:15:37,268 may have been instrumental to turning the tide of the war. 338 00:15:39,522 --> 00:15:42,732 - Over the past really few decades, 339 00:15:42,776 --> 00:15:45,610 we've come to learn much more about this woman. 340 00:15:46,780 --> 00:15:48,655 One of the things that was very interesting is 341 00:15:48,698 --> 00:15:50,323 that she had many names, 342 00:15:50,367 --> 00:15:54,243 both during the Civil War and after. 343 00:15:54,287 --> 00:15:58,581 Like Mary Bowser or Richmonia Richards. 344 00:15:58,625 --> 00:16:01,000 - [Keisha] She also went by the name of Mary Denman, 345 00:16:01,044 --> 00:16:03,920 Mary Gavin, or Mary Jones. 346 00:16:03,964 --> 00:16:05,755 - [Erica] But for the majority of her life, 347 00:16:05,799 --> 00:16:07,966 she went by the name, Mary Richards. 348 00:16:09,469 --> 00:16:11,844 - [Kareem] As a black woman in a slave-holding country, 349 00:16:11,888 --> 00:16:14,847 she understandably needs to protect herself 350 00:16:14,891 --> 00:16:17,308 and it's believed that her multiple names helped 351 00:16:17,352 --> 00:16:20,144 to conceal her identity as a Union spy. 352 00:16:24,693 --> 00:16:27,944 Mary was born in Richmond, Virginia around 1840, 353 00:16:27,988 --> 00:16:30,154 and enslaved by the Van Lew family. 354 00:16:31,825 --> 00:16:33,700 It's unclear whether they freed her, 355 00:16:33,743 --> 00:16:35,827 but the Van Lews gave her the opportunity 356 00:16:35,870 --> 00:16:37,787 to get an education in the North 357 00:16:37,831 --> 00:16:41,708 and then sent her to Liberia to do missionary work. 358 00:16:41,751 --> 00:16:43,710 On the Eve of the Civil War, 359 00:16:43,753 --> 00:16:46,129 Mary comes back to Virginia and is arrested 360 00:16:46,172 --> 00:16:49,257 for returning to a slave state after being freed. 361 00:16:50,510 --> 00:16:54,012 - Elizabeth Van Lew makes arrangements 362 00:16:54,055 --> 00:16:56,139 to have Mary released, 363 00:16:56,182 --> 00:16:59,392 but the only way in which Mary would be released 364 00:17:00,687 --> 00:17:04,355 was to reenter an arrangement of enslavement. 365 00:17:05,692 --> 00:17:07,316 - [Kareem] But eventually Elizabeth and Mary 366 00:17:07,359 --> 00:17:08,734 broker a partnership, 367 00:17:08,778 --> 00:17:11,404 one that depends on Mary's education and wit. 368 00:17:13,700 --> 00:17:16,492 Once the war starts, Elizabeth begins organizing one 369 00:17:16,536 --> 00:17:18,744 of the most important Union spy rings 370 00:17:18,788 --> 00:17:20,704 and Mary joins in on her plan. 371 00:17:22,041 --> 00:17:24,166 And when Confederate president, Jefferson Davis, 372 00:17:24,210 --> 00:17:26,752 moves to Richmond in 1861, 373 00:17:26,796 --> 00:17:30,298 it's believed Mary finds herself in his home. 374 00:17:32,093 --> 00:17:33,885 - A great deal of the business 375 00:17:33,928 --> 00:17:38,222 of the Confederacy took place in his own home. 376 00:17:38,266 --> 00:17:41,517 The moment she stepped foot in Jefferson Davis's house, 377 00:17:41,561 --> 00:17:46,272 she knew that if her identity was revealed 378 00:17:46,316 --> 00:17:47,523 that she would most certainly, 379 00:17:47,567 --> 00:17:50,443 at the very least, be imprisoned. 380 00:17:50,487 --> 00:17:53,404 Worse yet, sold further south. 381 00:17:53,448 --> 00:17:57,450 She could be abused, raped, tortured. 382 00:17:57,494 --> 00:17:59,702 She was putting her life in danger 383 00:17:59,746 --> 00:18:04,373 for a nation that never quite saw her 384 00:18:04,417 --> 00:18:07,043 or anyone like her as a human being. 385 00:18:07,087 --> 00:18:10,880 - She was able to listen carefully to the conversations. 386 00:18:10,924 --> 00:18:14,717 She was able to read documents that were lying around. 387 00:18:14,761 --> 00:18:20,056 No one imagined that, one, a black woman would even know, 388 00:18:20,100 --> 00:18:22,308 at the time, how to read or how to write. 389 00:18:22,352 --> 00:18:26,896 And Mary was able to use all of these assumptions 390 00:18:26,940 --> 00:18:30,858 to her advantage and to aid the Union Army. 391 00:18:32,153 --> 00:18:34,737 - We know that information was passed 392 00:18:34,781 --> 00:18:39,784 in ways that were discrete and quite genius. 393 00:18:40,036 --> 00:18:43,079 Whether it was hemmed in her skirt 394 00:18:43,123 --> 00:18:46,457 or located inside of hollowed out eggs 395 00:18:46,501 --> 00:18:50,837 that were passed to other members of the spy network. 396 00:18:50,880 --> 00:18:53,339 (suspenseful music) 397 00:18:53,383 --> 00:18:56,676 - We are still uncovering key details about Mary, 398 00:18:56,719 --> 00:18:59,762 but we know for sure that black men and women risked 399 00:18:59,806 --> 00:19:01,764 their lives to spy on the Confederacy, 400 00:19:01,808 --> 00:19:05,226 making significant contributions to the Union's progress. 401 00:19:06,479 --> 00:19:08,938 Mary's story represents the wonderful way 402 00:19:08,982 --> 00:19:11,440 that underdogs can win. 403 00:19:11,484 --> 00:19:15,194 She was not seen to be any type of threat, 404 00:19:15,238 --> 00:19:18,156 and yet her information made it possible 405 00:19:18,199 --> 00:19:21,033 for the Union Army to prevail in this conflict. 406 00:19:21,077 --> 00:19:22,285 (dramatic music) 407 00:19:22,328 --> 00:19:23,703 But for the Union to win the war, 408 00:19:23,746 --> 00:19:26,539 it will take more than individual acts of courage. 409 00:19:26,583 --> 00:19:29,125 It will take an army with black soldiers 410 00:19:29,169 --> 00:19:30,626 who will soon get the chance to fight 411 00:19:30,670 --> 00:19:33,045 for their freedom and glory. 412 00:19:33,089 --> 00:19:33,671 (gun explodes) 413 00:19:36,217 --> 00:19:38,301 - Everybody who wanted to end the institution of slavery 414 00:19:38,344 --> 00:19:41,179 realized that it wasn't gonna be ended without 415 00:19:41,222 --> 00:19:42,763 an armed conflict. 416 00:19:42,807 --> 00:19:45,641 It just wasn't going to end. 417 00:19:45,685 --> 00:19:47,935 Frederick Douglass wanted Lincoln 418 00:19:47,979 --> 00:19:51,689 to include black Americans in the army immediately. 419 00:19:51,733 --> 00:19:53,983 He has a statement that he says, look, 420 00:19:54,027 --> 00:19:56,611 if you want to change this situation, 421 00:19:56,654 --> 00:19:59,655 just arm the slaves, 422 00:19:59,699 --> 00:20:03,492 and it really forced Lincoln to contemplate 423 00:20:03,536 --> 00:20:05,328 what was going on. 424 00:20:05,371 --> 00:20:09,540 By the fall of 1862, more than a year into the war, 425 00:20:09,584 --> 00:20:11,709 there are scattered African-American soldiers 426 00:20:11,753 --> 00:20:13,169 helping the cause, 427 00:20:13,213 --> 00:20:15,963 but they are mostly tasked with manual labor. 428 00:20:16,007 --> 00:20:19,133 President Lincoln still won't officially recruit black men 429 00:20:19,177 --> 00:20:21,177 to join the army because he fears 430 00:20:21,221 --> 00:20:22,803 slave-holding border states, 431 00:20:22,847 --> 00:20:25,431 like Kentucky and Maryland, will leave the Union. 432 00:20:26,726 --> 00:20:28,559 It's a mindset influential abolitionist, 433 00:20:28,603 --> 00:20:31,646 Frederick Douglass, knows has to change. 434 00:20:31,689 --> 00:20:33,689 He is one of the most influential figures 435 00:20:33,733 --> 00:20:34,982 in the Civil War, 436 00:20:35,026 --> 00:20:37,151 even without donning a uniform. 437 00:20:37,195 --> 00:20:39,320 - From the beginning of the war, 438 00:20:39,364 --> 00:20:43,199 Douglass said the easiest way to win this war is 439 00:20:43,243 --> 00:20:45,201 to free slaves and arm them. 440 00:20:45,245 --> 00:20:48,412 It's something that took the Lincoln administration 441 00:20:48,456 --> 00:20:50,706 quite a while to realize or to accept. 442 00:20:50,750 --> 00:20:53,459 And it turns out Douglass was absolutely right. 443 00:20:54,796 --> 00:20:59,173 - If you look at his editorials, he's very direct 444 00:20:59,217 --> 00:21:02,343 about his critique of Abraham Lincoln. 445 00:21:02,387 --> 00:21:04,178 He calls him out as someone who's weak. 446 00:21:04,222 --> 00:21:07,848 He calls him out as someone who's failing the nation 447 00:21:07,892 --> 00:21:11,852 - [Kareem] On January 1st, 1863, President Lincoln issues 448 00:21:11,896 --> 00:21:13,771 the Emancipation Proclamation 449 00:21:13,815 --> 00:21:17,275 that not only famously frees the enslaved in the South, 450 00:21:17,318 --> 00:21:19,360 but marks the moment official recruitment 451 00:21:19,404 --> 00:21:21,320 of black soldiers begins. 452 00:21:22,657 --> 00:21:26,575 - Lincoln calls for the arming of blacks as soldiers, 453 00:21:26,619 --> 00:21:30,079 and that's crucial because the arming of blacks 454 00:21:30,123 --> 00:21:34,625 as soldiers reflects that blacks are now citizens. 455 00:21:34,669 --> 00:21:35,793 - [Kareem] Just days after 456 00:21:35,837 --> 00:21:38,045 the Emancipation Proclamation is issued, 457 00:21:38,089 --> 00:21:41,465 abolitionists governor of Massachusetts, John Andrew, 458 00:21:41,509 --> 00:21:44,260 starts raising a black regiment. 459 00:21:44,304 --> 00:21:46,846 He asked Douglass to be a lead recruiter. 460 00:21:48,266 --> 00:21:50,057 - To recruit black soldiers, Frederick Douglass had 461 00:21:50,101 --> 00:21:51,267 this famous slogan: 462 00:21:51,311 --> 00:21:52,935 "Men of color, to arms! 463 00:21:52,979 --> 00:21:55,229 "Now or never." 464 00:21:55,273 --> 00:21:57,106 - [Kareem] Hundreds of black men answered the call 465 00:21:57,150 --> 00:21:59,942 to form the 54th Massachusetts Regiment. 466 00:22:01,321 --> 00:22:03,821 - The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry 467 00:22:03,865 --> 00:22:06,073 was the first black regiment raised 468 00:22:06,117 --> 00:22:08,451 by a Northern state east of the Mississippi. 469 00:22:09,871 --> 00:22:14,373 - It's this grand abolition experiment in black soldiering 470 00:22:14,417 --> 00:22:17,251 and in taking that anti-slavery war 471 00:22:17,295 --> 00:22:19,086 into the heart of the south. 472 00:22:19,130 --> 00:22:20,338 (suspenseful music) 473 00:22:20,381 --> 00:22:21,505 - [Kareem] It's the first time 474 00:22:21,549 --> 00:22:23,174 the U.S. Army officially recruits 475 00:22:23,217 --> 00:22:25,885 and pays black soldiers on a massive scale. 476 00:22:27,347 --> 00:22:30,014 - But when the time comes to muster them for pay, 477 00:22:30,058 --> 00:22:32,850 they're told, well, the law says 478 00:22:32,894 --> 00:22:37,313 that black soldiers won't receive the same amount of money 479 00:22:37,357 --> 00:22:38,773 as white soldiers. 480 00:22:38,816 --> 00:22:42,485 - White Union Army soldiers got $13 a month. 481 00:22:42,528 --> 00:22:45,780 They ended up getting only $7 a month. 482 00:22:45,823 --> 00:22:50,117 54th Massachusetts decided to protest this unequal pay 483 00:22:50,161 --> 00:22:52,161 when they could ill afford to do so. 484 00:22:52,205 --> 00:22:53,287 - Were not going to allow 485 00:22:53,331 --> 00:22:54,663 themselves to be treated as 486 00:22:54,707 --> 00:22:56,123 second-class citizens. 487 00:22:56,167 --> 00:22:57,792 - [Kareem] Frederick Douglass is witnessing 488 00:22:57,835 --> 00:23:00,378 this gross inequality and takes action 489 00:23:00,421 --> 00:23:02,505 because it's not only wrong, 490 00:23:02,548 --> 00:23:04,256 it's personal as well. 491 00:23:05,426 --> 00:23:07,051 - For him, it's about making sure 492 00:23:07,095 --> 00:23:09,887 that once his two sons, Charles and Lewis, 493 00:23:09,931 --> 00:23:13,307 joined the 54th regiment, that they're treated fairly 494 00:23:13,351 --> 00:23:15,309 and they're treated with respect. 495 00:23:15,353 --> 00:23:18,729 It's something that he simply cannot ignore. 496 00:23:18,773 --> 00:23:21,899 - There was still a remnant of racism. 497 00:23:21,943 --> 00:23:24,318 People thought that blacks should not be paid 498 00:23:24,362 --> 00:23:25,861 what whites should be paid, 499 00:23:25,905 --> 00:23:28,072 when actually they taking the same risks. 500 00:23:28,116 --> 00:23:30,074 (suspenseful music) 501 00:23:30,118 --> 00:23:34,036 In August, 1863, Douglass travels to White House 502 00:23:34,080 --> 00:23:37,206 and demands justice for black soldiers. 503 00:23:37,250 --> 00:23:39,208 - Lincoln calls up Douglass ahead 504 00:23:39,252 --> 00:23:41,335 of all the other whites in line. 505 00:23:41,379 --> 00:23:44,088 Douglass says, I want you to pay black soldiers 506 00:23:44,132 --> 00:23:46,215 the same as white soldiers. 507 00:23:46,259 --> 00:23:48,259 - [Erica] Abraham Lincoln certainly listened 508 00:23:48,302 --> 00:23:50,136 to him and engaged him. 509 00:23:51,597 --> 00:23:53,848 - Lincoln said Congress needs to pass another act 510 00:23:53,891 --> 00:23:55,933 that will pay them the same amount. 511 00:23:55,977 --> 00:23:57,768 So he essentially defends himself. 512 00:23:57,812 --> 00:24:01,063 They have an hour-long meeting 513 00:24:01,107 --> 00:24:04,900 and they genuinely get along. 514 00:24:04,944 --> 00:24:08,404 Douglass left and felt much better 515 00:24:08,448 --> 00:24:11,407 about Lincoln as president. 516 00:24:11,451 --> 00:24:13,742 - Frederick Douglass was, at the time, 517 00:24:13,786 --> 00:24:17,288 the most significant voice in the black community. 518 00:24:17,331 --> 00:24:21,208 And he's, in many ways, seeing the way that black people 519 00:24:21,252 --> 00:24:24,545 are being continually mistreated, 520 00:24:24,589 --> 00:24:28,549 even at the moment that they are serving their country. 521 00:24:28,593 --> 00:24:30,050 - [Kareem] Throughout the war, 522 00:24:30,094 --> 00:24:32,344 Douglass continues to hold president Lincoln accountable. 523 00:24:33,431 --> 00:24:34,930 That same summer, 524 00:24:34,974 --> 00:24:38,601 the 54th fights a battle that will solidify their legacy. 525 00:24:38,644 --> 00:24:41,854 (guns popping) (men shouting) 526 00:24:44,442 --> 00:24:45,357 - [Kareem] After months of training, 527 00:24:45,401 --> 00:24:47,067 the 54th Massachusetts, 528 00:24:47,111 --> 00:24:50,070 the Union's official first all-black regiment 529 00:24:50,114 --> 00:24:52,740 is sent down to South Carolina near Fort Wagner. 530 00:24:54,452 --> 00:24:57,077 Frederick Douglass' son, Charles, has fallen ill 531 00:24:57,121 --> 00:24:59,663 and is unable to make the journey south. 532 00:24:59,707 --> 00:25:03,250 His oldest son, Lewis, is promoted to Sergeant Major, 533 00:25:03,294 --> 00:25:06,086 the highest ranking black soldier among the contingent. 534 00:25:07,548 --> 00:25:10,841 On July 18, 1863, they're tasked with the mission 535 00:25:10,885 --> 00:25:14,386 to conquer the fort, clearing a path to capture Charleston. 536 00:25:15,556 --> 00:25:18,766 - Fort Wagner which is a really important fort, 537 00:25:18,809 --> 00:25:22,102 because Confederates are ensconced in this fort. 538 00:25:22,146 --> 00:25:26,398 If Union soldiers can take Fort Wagner, 539 00:25:26,442 --> 00:25:28,526 then they can take Charleston, 540 00:25:28,569 --> 00:25:32,071 the most important single city in the South. 541 00:25:33,491 --> 00:25:36,784 - The 54th Massachusetts was marched to the sandy beach 542 00:25:36,827 --> 00:25:38,244 leading to Fort Wagner. 543 00:25:38,287 --> 00:25:41,121 The commander of the brigade, George Crockett Strong, 544 00:25:41,165 --> 00:25:44,708 said, "I know you're tired, but is there any man here 545 00:25:44,752 --> 00:25:47,711 who doubts he can sleep in that fort tonight?" 546 00:25:47,755 --> 00:25:50,631 And 600 black soldiers, they all raised their hands said, 547 00:25:50,675 --> 00:25:52,550 "No, no, we can do it!" 548 00:25:52,593 --> 00:25:56,220 (gun shots firing) 549 00:25:56,264 --> 00:25:57,638 - [Dr. Stauffer] To take Fort Wagner 550 00:25:57,682 --> 00:26:00,766 requires the 54th Regiment 551 00:26:00,810 --> 00:26:06,313 run up this steep hill while Confederates are 552 00:26:06,357 --> 00:26:10,067 ensconced behind bulwarks and protection 553 00:26:10,111 --> 00:26:12,945 who can fire down on the soldiers. 554 00:26:14,532 --> 00:26:17,575 - The black troops advanced and they got to a point 555 00:26:17,618 --> 00:26:20,661 about 200 yards from Fort Wagner 556 00:26:20,705 --> 00:26:23,080 and according to one eyewitness at that point, 557 00:26:23,124 --> 00:26:27,459 Wagner became a volcano of detonating death. 558 00:26:27,503 --> 00:26:30,838 (loud explosions booming) 559 00:26:30,881 --> 00:26:34,341 Sergeant Major Lewis Douglass, Frederick Douglass' oldest son, 560 00:26:34,385 --> 00:26:37,928 will write his fiance that he saw exploding shells 561 00:26:37,972 --> 00:26:41,682 clear spaces 20 feet wide in the ranks. 562 00:26:41,726 --> 00:26:44,184 - They come close to taking Fort Wagner, 563 00:26:44,228 --> 00:26:45,519 but they're turned back. 564 00:26:45,563 --> 00:26:47,521 The casualties are very high. 565 00:26:47,565 --> 00:26:50,316 (dramatic music) 566 00:26:51,902 --> 00:26:55,362 - [Kareem] 40% of the 54th Regiment are either killed, 567 00:26:55,406 --> 00:26:56,905 wounded, or captured. 568 00:26:58,034 --> 00:26:59,450 Although the battle of Fort Wagner 569 00:26:59,493 --> 00:27:01,785 is considered a Union loss, 570 00:27:01,829 --> 00:27:04,913 the news of the 54th's bravery is heralded. 571 00:27:06,375 --> 00:27:08,792 - This is just a couple of weeks after Gettysburg. 572 00:27:08,836 --> 00:27:12,004 The 54th's self-emulation at Fort Wagner 573 00:27:12,048 --> 00:27:14,632 is seen as an act of martyrdom. 574 00:27:14,675 --> 00:27:17,384 - There was an important illustration of 575 00:27:17,428 --> 00:27:19,553 the willingness of African American men to fight 576 00:27:19,597 --> 00:27:21,055 and to die for their country. 577 00:27:21,098 --> 00:27:22,598 A lot of people assume that 578 00:27:22,642 --> 00:27:23,724 as soon as it got hot and heavy 579 00:27:23,768 --> 00:27:24,892 and bullets started flying, 580 00:27:24,935 --> 00:27:25,726 that they would retreat 581 00:27:25,770 --> 00:27:26,727 and fall back. 582 00:27:26,771 --> 00:27:27,978 And what they represented 583 00:27:28,022 --> 00:27:29,563 was just the opposite, 584 00:27:29,607 --> 00:27:32,900 a willingness to sacrifice themselves for a larger goal. 585 00:27:32,943 --> 00:27:34,902 - [Kareem] That is how the 54th is remembered 586 00:27:34,945 --> 00:27:36,695 from that moment on. 587 00:27:36,739 --> 00:27:39,031 It's the first time the valor of black soldiers 588 00:27:39,075 --> 00:27:41,867 enters the national consciousness. 589 00:27:41,911 --> 00:27:45,496 - The 54th's legacy has been one of honor. 590 00:27:45,539 --> 00:27:48,040 They went and did what they had to do 591 00:27:48,084 --> 00:27:53,087 knowing that they were gonna take extreme casualties. 592 00:27:53,339 --> 00:27:55,547 I think it prove once and for all 593 00:27:55,591 --> 00:27:58,592 that they didn't have anything to worry about 594 00:27:58,636 --> 00:28:02,054 with regard to the courage or determination 595 00:28:02,098 --> 00:28:03,305 of the black soldier. 596 00:28:04,809 --> 00:28:07,434 - [Kareem] On November 19th, 1863, 597 00:28:07,478 --> 00:28:10,771 President Lincoln delivers a short but monumental speech 598 00:28:10,815 --> 00:28:13,941 that becomes known as the Gettysburg Address. 599 00:28:13,984 --> 00:28:16,819 (inspiring music) 600 00:28:18,989 --> 00:28:21,949 - "Here we highly resolve that these dead 601 00:28:21,992 --> 00:28:23,909 shall not have died in vain. 602 00:28:24,912 --> 00:28:27,955 That this nation under God 603 00:28:27,998 --> 00:28:30,541 shall have a new birth of freedom 604 00:28:30,584 --> 00:28:35,045 and that government of the people, by the people, 605 00:28:35,089 --> 00:28:39,258 for the people, shall not perish from the Earth." 606 00:28:41,429 --> 00:28:46,348 Now in saying this, Lincoln talks about reconciliation 607 00:28:47,184 --> 00:28:48,392 and a new birth of freedom. 608 00:28:48,436 --> 00:28:51,145 I think he's referring to black Americans, 609 00:28:51,188 --> 00:28:54,106 and that their freedom will guarantee 610 00:28:54,150 --> 00:28:58,777 that what our founding fathers envisioned 611 00:28:58,821 --> 00:29:00,446 will last, 612 00:29:00,489 --> 00:29:03,741 and that our nation will last until the end of time. 613 00:29:03,784 --> 00:29:07,995 And that's something that we all hope will be a fact. 614 00:29:08,038 --> 00:29:11,039 (melancholic music) 615 00:29:12,835 --> 00:29:15,794 - He had seen the valor on the battlefield 616 00:29:15,838 --> 00:29:18,672 and understood that now was the time 617 00:29:18,716 --> 00:29:20,257 for this birth of new freedom 618 00:29:20,301 --> 00:29:23,427 where every man, woman, and child 619 00:29:23,471 --> 00:29:27,765 should have the right, the basic right to live their lives 620 00:29:27,808 --> 00:29:32,811 as they intended and as God intended which was not slavery. 621 00:29:33,063 --> 00:29:34,897 - [Kareem] But there is more blood to be shed 622 00:29:34,940 --> 00:29:37,691 and work to be done before that freedom comes. 623 00:29:37,735 --> 00:29:39,193 Leading the way is one of the most 624 00:29:39,236 --> 00:29:41,862 famous African American heroes in history. 625 00:29:43,824 --> 00:29:48,202 A woman called Moses who will charge head on into battle. 626 00:29:48,245 --> 00:29:49,036 (dramatic music) 627 00:29:51,582 --> 00:29:52,831 - Well I first learned about Harriet Tubman 628 00:29:52,875 --> 00:29:54,082 when I was in grade school. 629 00:29:54,126 --> 00:29:57,377 Most people know about Harriet in terms of her 630 00:29:57,421 --> 00:30:01,590 being able to escape slavery, and then kept returning, 631 00:30:01,634 --> 00:30:03,383 and freeing slaves, 632 00:30:03,427 --> 00:30:05,511 but they didn't know that all of the things 633 00:30:05,554 --> 00:30:07,721 that she was successful at, traveling, 634 00:30:07,765 --> 00:30:10,766 the accumulation of knowledge, 635 00:30:10,810 --> 00:30:13,227 her ability to talk to people 636 00:30:13,270 --> 00:30:16,522 and just her stealthy skills were 637 00:30:16,565 --> 00:30:19,566 what made her so valuable to the Northern cause. 638 00:30:20,653 --> 00:30:22,861 - [Kareem] Fall 1862. 639 00:30:22,905 --> 00:30:24,404 After spending nearly a decade 640 00:30:24,448 --> 00:30:26,031 leading enslaved people to freedom 641 00:30:26,075 --> 00:30:29,451 on the Underground Railroad, the woman dubbed Moses 642 00:30:29,495 --> 00:30:31,787 once again risks life and limb 643 00:30:31,831 --> 00:30:34,706 to combat the institution of slavery. 644 00:30:34,750 --> 00:30:39,044 This time from the frontlines of war torn South Carolina. 645 00:30:39,088 --> 00:30:42,256 - The governor of Massachusetts actually reached out 646 00:30:42,299 --> 00:30:48,136 to Harriet Tubman, asked her if she would be willing 647 00:30:48,180 --> 00:30:50,055 to travel towards South Carolina 648 00:30:50,099 --> 00:30:52,641 on behalf of the Union Army. 649 00:30:52,685 --> 00:30:54,977 - [Kareem] The army first assigns Harriet Tubman 650 00:30:55,020 --> 00:30:57,312 to be a nurse and domestic worker 651 00:30:57,356 --> 00:30:59,731 along with other formally enslaved people. 652 00:30:59,775 --> 00:31:03,402 - She worked in the contraband camps, 653 00:31:03,445 --> 00:31:06,738 teaching formally enslaved women 654 00:31:06,782 --> 00:31:09,908 to wash military uniforms. 655 00:31:09,952 --> 00:31:14,955 Then that earned her a spot of honor and respect. 656 00:31:15,708 --> 00:31:16,832 (explosion booming) 657 00:31:16,876 --> 00:31:18,750 - [Kareem] In late spring of 1863, 658 00:31:18,794 --> 00:31:20,294 nearly six months after the 659 00:31:20,337 --> 00:31:23,255 Emancipation Proclamation is issued, 660 00:31:23,299 --> 00:31:25,340 the war is not going well for the North. 661 00:31:26,719 --> 00:31:29,136 After the Union defeat at Chancellorsville, 662 00:31:29,179 --> 00:31:31,763 it becomes clear to many, the Confederacy 663 00:31:31,807 --> 00:31:34,182 still has the power to invade the North. 664 00:31:34,226 --> 00:31:35,601 For the war-worn Union, 665 00:31:35,644 --> 00:31:38,645 the time for unconventional strategies is now. 666 00:31:39,982 --> 00:31:43,525 (crickets chirping) 667 00:31:43,569 --> 00:31:46,612 Harriet Tubman is once again called upon to serve, 668 00:31:46,655 --> 00:31:48,739 this time as a scout and spy. 669 00:31:49,742 --> 00:31:50,782 Her mission? 670 00:31:50,826 --> 00:31:52,367 To map the Confederate strongholds 671 00:31:52,411 --> 00:31:54,828 along the waterways of South Carolina. 672 00:31:55,706 --> 00:31:57,164 - She's primed and ready, 673 00:31:57,207 --> 00:32:00,250 and she has a community of people willing to help her. 674 00:32:01,670 --> 00:32:06,173 She begins to gather information about Confederate troops. 675 00:32:06,216 --> 00:32:09,885 She slips in and out behind enemy lines 676 00:32:09,929 --> 00:32:12,387 dressed as an older woman. 677 00:32:12,431 --> 00:32:15,849 Then she learns delicate information 678 00:32:15,893 --> 00:32:20,312 about the placement of naval mines 679 00:32:20,356 --> 00:32:22,397 throughout the Combahee River. 680 00:32:22,441 --> 00:32:24,399 (dramatic music) 681 00:32:24,443 --> 00:32:26,234 - [Kareem] Armed with this information, 682 00:32:26,278 --> 00:32:30,072 the Union Army has an even bigger assignment for Harriet. 683 00:32:30,115 --> 00:32:33,200 To lead the 2nd South Carolina Colored Infantry 684 00:32:33,243 --> 00:32:35,911 on the military raid to free enslaved people 685 00:32:35,955 --> 00:32:37,996 along the Combahee River. 686 00:32:38,040 --> 00:32:41,291 - In the early morning hours of June 2nd, 687 00:32:42,461 --> 00:32:45,170 Harriet Tubman boarded a gun boat 688 00:32:45,214 --> 00:32:47,673 and along with several other crafts 689 00:32:47,716 --> 00:32:51,426 sailed slowly up the Combahee River. 690 00:32:51,470 --> 00:32:53,011 (dramatic music) 691 00:32:53,055 --> 00:32:55,555 This happened under the cloak of darkness 692 00:32:55,599 --> 00:32:57,557 such that when they arrived, 693 00:32:57,601 --> 00:33:00,686 they surprised the Confederates. 694 00:33:00,729 --> 00:33:02,437 Things were set afire. 695 00:33:02,481 --> 00:33:06,733 Confederates had no choice but to retreat. 696 00:33:09,071 --> 00:33:11,113 - They had already been a land campaign 697 00:33:11,156 --> 00:33:14,449 to let enslaved people know in the plantations 698 00:33:14,493 --> 00:33:16,451 that bordered along the Combahee River 699 00:33:16,495 --> 00:33:19,287 when and where to show up and to wait for the signs. 700 00:33:19,331 --> 00:33:21,999 - As the Confederate soldiers retreated, 701 00:33:23,252 --> 00:33:26,545 black men and women, those who were enslaved 702 00:33:26,588 --> 00:33:28,088 gathered belongings, the things 703 00:33:28,132 --> 00:33:30,966 that they could carry in their hands, chickens, 704 00:33:31,010 --> 00:33:33,468 clothing, baskets of rice, 705 00:33:33,512 --> 00:33:35,429 and they headed towards the ships. 706 00:33:36,598 --> 00:33:39,391 Harriet Tubman was reported to have sung 707 00:33:39,435 --> 00:33:42,811 to these men and women attempting to calm them, 708 00:33:42,855 --> 00:33:45,981 calm their spirits as they climbed on board 709 00:33:46,025 --> 00:33:50,360 of these ships that they knew would take them to freedom. 710 00:33:53,449 --> 00:33:57,701 - Excerpt from the Wisconsin State Journal, June 1863. 711 00:33:59,163 --> 00:34:03,081 "300 soldiers, under the guidance of a black woman, 712 00:34:03,125 --> 00:34:05,250 dashed into the enemies' country, 713 00:34:05,294 --> 00:34:07,419 struck a bold and effective blow, 714 00:34:07,463 --> 00:34:10,797 destroying millions of dollars worth of commissary store, 715 00:34:10,841 --> 00:34:13,300 cotton, and lordly dwellings, 716 00:34:13,342 --> 00:34:16,136 and striking terror to the heart of the rebellion, 717 00:34:16,179 --> 00:34:18,597 brought off bear 800 slaves 718 00:34:18,639 --> 00:34:21,683 and thousands of dollars worth of property." 719 00:34:21,726 --> 00:34:24,811 Now that's an account of a very successful raid. 720 00:34:26,231 --> 00:34:28,982 It's one that really must have shocked the Confederacy, 721 00:34:29,025 --> 00:34:31,650 because they never understood that 722 00:34:32,821 --> 00:34:35,030 the Union had that kind of information, 723 00:34:35,074 --> 00:34:38,199 and a guide that could point out where they could make 724 00:34:38,243 --> 00:34:41,161 such an effective strike against the Confederacy. 725 00:34:43,081 --> 00:34:44,539 - There aren't any other woman, black or white, 726 00:34:44,583 --> 00:34:45,873 that do what she did. 727 00:34:45,918 --> 00:34:48,043 - [Kareem] Almost 100 men freed that day 728 00:34:48,087 --> 00:34:49,710 enlist in the Union Army. 729 00:34:51,172 --> 00:34:55,509 By September 1864 as the Civil War enters its final stages, 730 00:34:55,552 --> 00:34:58,553 there's no question an influx of black soldiers, 731 00:34:58,597 --> 00:35:00,680 the majority formally enslaved, 732 00:35:00,724 --> 00:35:04,309 have given the Union a significant advantage. 733 00:35:04,353 --> 00:35:06,228 - As the war got toward its end, 734 00:35:06,271 --> 00:35:08,522 the Confederacy was losing troops 735 00:35:08,565 --> 00:35:11,149 through attrition, the killed and wounded, 736 00:35:11,193 --> 00:35:13,485 and the Union was gaining troops, 737 00:35:13,529 --> 00:35:15,570 and these are soldiers who have a grudge. 738 00:35:15,614 --> 00:35:19,574 They would love to get into combat with their former masters 739 00:35:19,618 --> 00:35:22,661 and have an opportunity to go against them 740 00:35:22,704 --> 00:35:24,371 with deadly weapons. 741 00:35:26,583 --> 00:35:29,709 - Without them, the Union would've not been able to occupy 742 00:35:29,753 --> 00:35:31,711 the territory it needed to occupy 743 00:35:31,755 --> 00:35:34,339 to keep the Confederacy under control 744 00:35:34,383 --> 00:35:38,176 and black men played crucial roles 745 00:35:38,220 --> 00:35:40,929 in a number of pivotal fights. 746 00:35:40,973 --> 00:35:42,931 - [Kareem] The capture of the Confederate capital 747 00:35:42,975 --> 00:35:45,851 of Richmond is crucial to ending the war. 748 00:35:45,894 --> 00:35:48,603 General Ulysses S. Grant's strategy 749 00:35:48,647 --> 00:35:50,939 is to utilize dozens of black regiments 750 00:35:50,983 --> 00:35:54,526 in the surrounding areas to achieve that goal. 751 00:35:54,570 --> 00:35:58,405 Grant believes Chaffin's Farm is the key to Richmond. 752 00:35:58,448 --> 00:36:00,782 - The United States had tried to take 753 00:36:00,826 --> 00:36:03,034 Chaffin's Farm and could not. 754 00:36:03,912 --> 00:36:05,579 - [Kareem] This is an opportunity 755 00:36:05,622 --> 00:36:07,038 for hundreds of black soldiers 756 00:36:07,082 --> 00:36:09,207 to defy the odds against them. 757 00:36:09,251 --> 00:36:12,794 Among them is Christian Fleetwood, a 23 year old soldier 758 00:36:12,838 --> 00:36:15,172 who sees an opportunity to make his mark. 759 00:36:16,383 --> 00:36:17,174 - Christian Fleetwood was 760 00:36:17,217 --> 00:36:18,800 a free African American 761 00:36:18,844 --> 00:36:20,927 who decides to join the army 762 00:36:20,971 --> 00:36:23,388 much in the way I think that Frederick Douglass 763 00:36:23,432 --> 00:36:25,724 is asking people to do to really show 764 00:36:26,852 --> 00:36:29,186 his commitment to ending slavery 765 00:36:29,188 --> 00:36:31,396 and for helping those who are caught in that system 766 00:36:31,440 --> 00:36:32,606 to gain their freedom. 767 00:36:32,649 --> 00:36:33,815 - [Kareem] Fleetwood and the 768 00:36:33,859 --> 00:36:35,734 4th United States Colored Troops, 769 00:36:35,777 --> 00:36:37,903 along with 13 other black regiments, 770 00:36:37,946 --> 00:36:39,613 attempt to break the Confederate lines 771 00:36:39,656 --> 00:36:42,782 at New Market Heights near Chaffin's Farm. 772 00:36:42,826 --> 00:36:46,620 A victory will bring them one step closer to freedom 773 00:36:47,497 --> 00:36:49,164 if they survive the battle. 774 00:36:49,208 --> 00:36:50,165 (dramatic music) 775 00:36:53,295 --> 00:36:56,922 - [Kareem] On September 29, 1864, Christian Fleetwood 776 00:36:56,965 --> 00:36:59,758 and the 4th United States Colored Troops 777 00:36:59,801 --> 00:37:02,052 along with 13 other black regiments 778 00:37:02,095 --> 00:37:04,471 begin their assault on Confederate forces 779 00:37:04,514 --> 00:37:06,348 at Chaffin's Farm in Virginia. 780 00:37:07,434 --> 00:37:09,142 - The first brigade goes in 781 00:37:09,186 --> 00:37:13,480 and makes it to the outer Confederate fortification, 782 00:37:13,523 --> 00:37:15,899 barriers made out of down trees 783 00:37:15,943 --> 00:37:17,901 and then other barricades, 784 00:37:17,945 --> 00:37:20,320 and they're getting shot all to pieces. 785 00:37:20,364 --> 00:37:22,739 - [Kareem] As Fleetwood and his unit charge forward, 786 00:37:22,783 --> 00:37:24,366 their color bearer is shot. 787 00:37:25,535 --> 00:37:26,785 - A regiment's flag 788 00:37:26,828 --> 00:37:29,037 was considered really its, 789 00:37:29,081 --> 00:37:30,830 its heart and soul and for it to fall on the ground 790 00:37:30,874 --> 00:37:32,499 or be captured by enemy forces 791 00:37:32,542 --> 00:37:35,252 was considered both failure and a dishonor. 792 00:37:35,295 --> 00:37:36,753 - He yells, "Take the flags!" 793 00:37:36,797 --> 00:37:39,256 And Sergeant Major Fleetwood grabs one 794 00:37:39,299 --> 00:37:41,716 and a private grabs another. 795 00:37:41,760 --> 00:37:43,343 Men are falling all around them. 796 00:37:43,387 --> 00:37:46,221 Fleetwood is carrying the colors throughout this though 797 00:37:46,265 --> 00:37:47,889 which makes him a bullet magnet. 798 00:37:47,933 --> 00:37:50,100 (bullets whizzing) 799 00:37:50,143 --> 00:37:51,559 - [Kareem] With the flag in hand, 800 00:37:51,603 --> 00:37:53,603 Fleetwood leads the rest of his unit 801 00:37:53,647 --> 00:37:55,146 out of Confederate fire. 802 00:37:56,984 --> 00:38:00,360 - The flag is a symbol for African Americans 803 00:38:00,404 --> 00:38:03,113 of the possibility of democracy, 804 00:38:03,156 --> 00:38:08,159 a possibility of the ideals of the Declaration. 805 00:38:08,578 --> 00:38:10,161 - Not only did they break through the line 806 00:38:10,205 --> 00:38:13,623 in fierce fighting, they kept pushing until they took it. 807 00:38:15,294 --> 00:38:16,459 It's a significant moment. 808 00:38:16,503 --> 00:38:20,088 Less than seven months later, the war ends. 809 00:38:21,800 --> 00:38:25,135 - [Kareem] On April 9th, 1865, Confederate general, 810 00:38:25,178 --> 00:38:27,971 Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union general, 811 00:38:28,015 --> 00:38:30,098 Ulysses S. Grant. 812 00:38:30,142 --> 00:38:32,475 Just three days before Lee's surrender, 813 00:38:32,519 --> 00:38:36,104 Christian Fleetwood becomes one of 14 black soldiers 814 00:38:36,148 --> 00:38:38,315 to receive a medal of honor for their bravery 815 00:38:38,358 --> 00:38:39,941 at the Battle of Chaffin's Farm. 816 00:38:41,653 --> 00:38:44,446 - This is the largest number of medals of honor 817 00:38:44,489 --> 00:38:47,407 received by black soldiers in a single action 818 00:38:47,451 --> 00:38:49,242 in the Civil War. 819 00:38:49,286 --> 00:38:54,164 - That honor was one of the most prestigious honors 820 00:38:54,207 --> 00:38:56,249 in the United States at that time. 821 00:38:56,293 --> 00:38:59,127 For an African American to receive the medal of honor, 822 00:38:59,171 --> 00:39:02,005 that's for the government to recognize 823 00:39:02,049 --> 00:39:06,259 the absolutely crucial role of blacks in general. 824 00:39:06,303 --> 00:39:10,263 - [Kareem] For the nearly 180,000 black army soldiers, 825 00:39:10,307 --> 00:39:13,767 20,000 black U.S. navy men and countless named 826 00:39:13,810 --> 00:39:14,976 and unnamed black men 827 00:39:15,020 --> 00:39:17,354 and women who fought in big and small ways, 828 00:39:17,397 --> 00:39:22,067 the ultimate reward is more noble, freedom. 829 00:39:23,820 --> 00:39:24,861 - It's a turning point in the 830 00:39:24,905 --> 00:39:25,945 history of the United States. 831 00:39:25,989 --> 00:39:27,739 - Tens of thousands of people 832 00:39:28,909 --> 00:39:32,160 who sees the war as an opportunity for freedom 833 00:39:32,204 --> 00:39:36,039 do this work to prove that our people deserve 834 00:39:36,083 --> 00:39:38,958 not only to be free, but to be citizens, 835 00:39:39,002 --> 00:39:43,004 and that is an extraordinary legacy. 836 00:39:44,007 --> 00:39:45,590 It's an extraordinary legacy. 837 00:39:47,511 --> 00:39:50,887 - [Kareem] On April 15, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln 838 00:39:50,931 --> 00:39:53,223 dies from an assassin's bullet, 839 00:39:53,266 --> 00:39:55,975 but the America he envisioned by the end of the war 840 00:39:56,019 --> 00:39:58,978 becomes ingrained in the Constitution. 841 00:39:59,022 --> 00:40:01,731 The 13th Amendment abolishes slavery. 842 00:40:01,775 --> 00:40:03,983 The 14th Amendment gives U.S. citizens 843 00:40:04,027 --> 00:40:06,236 equal protection under the law. 844 00:40:06,279 --> 00:40:09,155 The 15th Amendment gives African American men 845 00:40:09,199 --> 00:40:10,031 the right to vote. 846 00:40:12,202 --> 00:40:16,329 - What African Americans efforts and bravery and role 847 00:40:16,373 --> 00:40:18,498 in the Civil War inspired 848 00:40:18,542 --> 00:40:22,627 was that true democracy can be achieved. 849 00:40:24,798 --> 00:40:27,215 - [Kareem] This story started with Robert Smalls, 850 00:40:27,259 --> 00:40:30,343 an enslaved man working Confederate waterways. 851 00:40:30,387 --> 00:40:32,095 After the war, he went on 852 00:40:32,139 --> 00:40:35,849 to have a long career and public life as a U.S. congressman 853 00:40:35,892 --> 00:40:38,977 utilizing a new skill, his voice. 854 00:40:40,647 --> 00:40:42,981 - My race needs no special defense. 855 00:40:43,024 --> 00:40:45,275 - For the past history of them in this country 856 00:40:45,318 --> 00:40:47,569 proves them to be equal to anyone. 857 00:40:47,612 --> 00:40:52,532 - All they need is an equal chance in the battle of life. 858 00:40:52,576 --> 00:40:55,702 - Smalls was saying he doesn't have to prove himself 859 00:40:55,745 --> 00:40:57,454 equal to anyone because he is. 860 00:40:57,497 --> 00:40:59,706 He inherently is. 861 00:40:59,749 --> 00:41:00,707 - And now we need to be treated 862 00:41:00,750 --> 00:41:02,459 as citizens like anyone else. 863 00:41:02,502 --> 00:41:05,295 - The Civil War literally lays the foundation 864 00:41:05,338 --> 00:41:08,381 for freedom movements that occur later on 865 00:41:08,425 --> 00:41:11,342 in the 20th century and into the 21st century. 866 00:41:12,512 --> 00:41:14,095 It's the same equality 867 00:41:14,139 --> 00:41:15,722 that Martin Luther King was fighting for, 868 00:41:15,765 --> 00:41:17,974 it's the same equality that Rosa Parks was fighting for. 869 00:41:18,018 --> 00:41:19,559 It's the same equality 870 00:41:19,603 --> 00:41:22,145 that the protestors are fighting for now. 871 00:41:22,189 --> 00:41:23,354 - [Protestors] Black Lives Matter! 872 00:41:23,482 --> 00:41:24,606 Black Lives Matter! 873 00:41:24,733 --> 00:41:26,065 Black Lives Matter! 874 00:41:26,193 --> 00:41:27,692 Black Lives Matter! 875 00:41:28,862 --> 00:41:30,570 - Black Americans made it possible 876 00:41:30,614 --> 00:41:36,451 for all Americans to attain the American dream, 877 00:41:36,620 --> 00:41:38,119 and when we get to the point 878 00:41:38,163 --> 00:41:41,289 where the contributions of all Americans are acknowledged, 879 00:41:41,333 --> 00:41:43,458 all Americans can have the benefits 880 00:41:43,502 --> 00:41:45,168 of first class citizenship. 881 00:41:45,212 --> 00:41:46,836 We have helped formed this nation 882 00:41:46,880 --> 00:41:49,839 and we have to be given our just rewards. 883 00:41:49,883 --> 00:41:51,841 That's only one, what we earned. 884 00:41:51,968 --> 00:41:55,303 (Southern gospel music) 885 00:42:04,314 --> 00:42:06,356 ♪ It started like 886 00:42:06,399 --> 00:42:09,442 ♪ It started in the fields like ♪ 887 00:42:09,486 --> 00:42:10,860 ♪ Picking cotton like 888 00:42:10,904 --> 00:42:14,239 (Southern gospel music) 889 00:42:16,409 --> 00:42:18,409 ♪ Like all my forefathers before me ♪ 890 00:42:19,037 --> 00:42:21,037 ♪ Like all my forefathers before me ♪ 891 00:42:21,581 --> 00:42:25,208 ♪ Like all my forefathers before me ♪ 892 00:42:30,340 --> 00:42:33,216 ♪ They won't do forget 893 00:42:33,260 --> 00:42:43,226 ♪♪