1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:03,236 --> 00:00:07,640 - We meet at an important historical 3 00:00:07,874 --> 00:00:10,276 inflection moment today. 4 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 5 00:00:10,510 --> 00:00:13,146 (loud protest chants) 6 00:00:13,380 --> 00:00:21,254 (chanting) 7 00:00:21,454 --> 00:00:24,624 (chanting) 8 00:00:24,858 --> 00:00:26,760 (gunfire) 9 00:00:26,960 --> 00:00:28,628 (loud protest chants) 10 00:00:28,862 --> 00:00:33,600 We are witnessing a resurgent global authoritarianism. 11 00:00:33,800 --> 00:00:35,435 (loud protest) 12 00:00:35,635 --> 00:00:39,839 A massive assault on human rights. 13 00:00:40,073 --> 00:00:49,516 The retreat of democracies and the pain and plight of political 14 00:00:49,749 --> 00:00:56,489 prisoners as a looking glass into this historical moment. 15 00:00:56,723 --> 00:00:59,125 - I'll sacrifice myself; you can shoot me. 16 00:00:59,325 --> 00:01:01,361 (gunfire) 17 00:01:01,594 --> 00:01:05,532 But one bullet would prolong the struggle that will take 18 00:01:05,765 --> 00:01:07,867 place here. 19 00:01:11,004 --> 00:01:16,142 - My father taught me as a young boy that the pursuit of justice 20 00:01:16,342 --> 00:01:19,846 is equal to all the other commandments combined. 21 00:01:20,079 --> 00:01:22,182 (cheers) 22 00:01:22,415 --> 00:01:26,653 But as my mother would say to me, "If you want to pursue 23 00:01:26,853 --> 00:01:31,124 justice, you have to feel the injustice. 24 00:01:31,324 --> 00:01:34,894 (screams and cheers) 25 00:01:35,128 --> 00:01:38,565 (chant) 26 00:01:38,798 --> 00:01:44,037 (loud protest) 27 00:01:46,473 --> 00:01:51,377 Every one of us can make a difference. 28 00:02:11,564 --> 00:02:13,099 I may have told you this story when I set up 29 00:02:13,333 --> 00:02:15,101 the Raoul Wallenberg Centre. 30 00:02:15,335 --> 00:02:19,706 My son, with his cynical sense of humour, he calls me, 31 00:02:19,906 --> 00:02:24,210 he said, "You know, Dad, he's...." He says, 32 00:02:24,410 --> 00:02:27,113 "75-year-olds don't do start-ups; they certainly 33 00:02:27,347 --> 00:02:30,550 shouldn't do human rights start-ups. And they certainly 34 00:02:30,750 --> 00:02:33,753 shouldn't do it pro bono and you're affecting 35 00:02:33,953 --> 00:02:35,455 my inheritance." (Woman laughs in the background) 36 00:02:35,688 --> 00:02:39,225 So, then some months later, I'm going down to speak in Boston. 37 00:02:39,425 --> 00:02:43,596 And he says to me, "You know, Dad, people my age, they've 38 00:02:43,796 --> 00:02:46,165 never heard of Raoul Wallenberg; they don't know who he is. 39 00:02:46,399 --> 00:02:49,235 You might think everybody knows. They don't know Dad; 40 00:02:49,435 --> 00:02:51,237 they don't know. All your message is lost 'cause 41 00:02:51,437 --> 00:02:53,940 I don't even know who you're talking about." 42 00:02:54,140 --> 00:02:56,809 (train whistle) 43 00:02:57,043 --> 00:03:03,650 (dark music) 44 00:03:03,883 --> 00:03:06,119 (dogs barking) 45 00:03:06,319 --> 00:03:11,991 From the end of May to the beginning of July 1944, 46 00:03:12,225 --> 00:03:17,797 440 000 Hungarian Jews were deported to the death camps. 47 00:03:19,899 --> 00:03:22,035 While the international community stood by, not only 48 00:03:22,268 --> 00:03:26,005 as bystanders, but as enablers, 49 00:03:26,239 --> 00:03:30,343 Raoul Wallenberg comes to Budapest and by bluff, 50 00:03:30,577 --> 00:03:37,317 bravado, courage happens to save 100 000 Hungarian Jews. 51 00:03:37,517 --> 00:03:43,122 One person was able to confront evil, prevail and transform 52 00:03:43,323 --> 00:03:45,191 history. 53 00:03:54,534 --> 00:03:57,570 - Okay, so, we're going to convene a meeting, guys. 54 00:03:57,804 --> 00:03:59,973 So Jeremy? Iona? 55 00:04:03,977 --> 00:04:09,182 - So, the situation in China is worsening, in Iran is worsening. 56 00:04:09,382 --> 00:04:15,188 And Venezuela, the perilous situation with regard uh, 57 00:04:15,388 --> 00:04:20,226 to food and medicine and Russia nobody seems to realize, as 58 00:04:20,460 --> 00:04:24,931 we were discussing, a six fold increase in political prisoners 59 00:04:25,164 --> 00:04:29,702 in the last four years alone. So, how do we choose where 60 00:04:29,902 --> 00:04:33,206 we make our stand? And yet, you know, a phone'll ring 61 00:04:33,406 --> 00:04:36,743 and somebody will call. That's not even part 62 00:04:36,976 --> 00:04:38,411 of any of the things we've just talked about. 63 00:04:38,645 --> 00:04:41,547 But it will be a "cri de coeur" that they need help. How do 64 00:04:41,748 --> 00:04:45,518 we choose whose cases and causes we take up 65 00:04:45,718 --> 00:04:48,454 so we can have an impact? 66 00:04:51,991 --> 00:04:55,061 (Joan Baez) ♪ They said everything can be ♪ 67 00:04:55,261 --> 00:05:00,767 ♪ Replaced ♪ 68 00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:06,939 ♪ They say the distance is Not near ♪ 69 00:05:07,173 --> 00:05:09,609 - (Man): Freedom of expression! - (All): Is a human right! 70 00:05:09,842 --> 00:05:13,146 - (Man): Freedom of expression! - (All): Is no crime! 71 00:05:13,379 --> 00:05:15,648 - (Man): Freedom of expression! - (All): Is a human right! 72 00:05:15,882 --> 00:05:17,383 - (All): Free Raif Badawi! 73 00:05:17,583 --> 00:05:19,485 - (All): Free Raif Badawi! 74 00:05:19,719 --> 00:05:21,454 - (All): Free Raif Badawi! 75 00:05:21,688 --> 00:05:23,256 - (All): Free Raif Badawi! 76 00:05:23,456 --> 00:05:26,626 - One of the things I noticed in my having seen political 77 00:05:26,859 --> 00:05:29,929 prisoners over time, is I can say that every one 78 00:05:30,129 --> 00:05:33,132 of the political prisoners was released 79 00:05:33,366 --> 00:05:37,670 because their spouse was advocating on their behalf. 80 00:05:39,038 --> 00:05:44,844 Ensaf Haider has been travelling to world, becoming the voice, 81 00:05:45,078 --> 00:05:49,449 the face, the expression of Raif Badawi's case and cause. 82 00:06:58,584 --> 00:07:11,531 (call to prayer) 83 00:08:07,320 --> 00:08:09,255 - So, I just spoke to Ensaf. - Yeah. 84 00:08:09,488 --> 00:08:12,859 - And she said she'd be interested in joining on 85 00:08:13,059 --> 00:08:16,596 the 31st. And most importantly, that she has a call 86 00:08:16,829 --> 00:08:19,732 with Raif upcoming and that she will share this with him. 87 00:08:19,932 --> 00:08:22,702 And uh, and feels that it'll mean a lot to him. 88 00:08:30,676 --> 00:08:33,212 - Okay? - Yeah. 89 00:08:33,412 --> 00:08:35,414 Do you need anything here? I don't need this. Give it 90 00:08:35,615 --> 00:08:38,084 to me, I'll carry it around. - Yeah, okay. 91 00:08:38,284 --> 00:08:39,986 - That's for the press conference. 92 00:08:40,219 --> 00:08:42,121 - Yes. - Okay. 93 00:08:42,355 --> 00:08:44,924 - You've never been here? - Um, not to his office. 94 00:08:45,124 --> 00:08:47,093 I met with Patrick downstairs. 95 00:08:51,864 --> 00:08:54,800 - Irwin! (laughs) 96 00:08:55,034 --> 00:08:57,803 - Good to see you. - Good to see you as well. 97 00:08:58,037 --> 00:09:00,940 Come on in. - Oh, no, listen, it's... 98 00:09:01,140 --> 00:09:04,243 It's time we sat down. Here, have a seat. 99 00:09:04,443 --> 00:09:06,679 - Yes. I've been following everything you do; I know 100 00:09:06,913 --> 00:09:09,181 that we're meeting at a sensitive moment. 101 00:09:09,415 --> 00:09:12,251 - Oh no, no, no. Lots going on as always. But uh... 102 00:09:12,451 --> 00:09:15,988 - It's good to see you and the family? 103 00:09:16,222 --> 00:09:17,957 - The family is well, Arielle as well? 104 00:09:18,157 --> 00:09:19,759 - She's well, she sends her best. 105 00:09:19,959 --> 00:09:22,495 - Of course she does, good. good. Even when you're mad 106 00:09:22,728 --> 00:09:25,464 at me, she's happy with me, so it's all good. 107 00:09:25,665 --> 00:09:29,101 - I went to see Pierre Elliot Trudeau's son, 108 00:09:29,302 --> 00:09:32,672 Justin, on the Badawi case. 109 00:09:32,905 --> 00:09:35,207 I said, "Justin, you know, some 40 years ago I was sitting 110 00:09:35,441 --> 00:09:39,779 in this exact same chair in this exact same office, 111 00:09:39,979 --> 00:09:42,982 making representations to your father at which point 112 00:09:43,182 --> 00:09:46,886 we gave the Sharansky brief to your father." After I told 113 00:09:47,119 --> 00:09:48,788 him what his father said, he said, "So did you get 114 00:09:48,988 --> 00:09:52,825 his support?" I said, "Yeah, we got his support and 115 00:09:53,025 --> 00:09:55,394 he conveyed it directly to the Soviet..." I said, 116 00:09:55,628 --> 00:09:58,064 "I'm not saying that brought about Sharansky's release; 117 00:09:58,297 --> 00:10:01,667 I'm saying it contributed to bringing about Sharansky's 118 00:10:01,867 --> 00:10:05,404 release or worse, if he hadn't sent the brief, it would have 119 00:10:05,638 --> 00:10:07,907 hurt the case and cause of Sharansky. I'm saying 120 00:10:08,140 --> 00:10:11,677 the same thing to you with regard to Raif Badawi. 121 00:10:11,877 --> 00:10:13,579 (conversation in the background) 122 00:10:13,813 --> 00:10:17,016 (bells ringing) 123 00:10:28,928 --> 00:10:32,898 We met today with the Prime Minister to discuss a number 124 00:10:33,099 --> 00:10:39,372 of issues, including the matter of Canada-Saudi relations 125 00:10:39,572 --> 00:10:42,274 and within it, of course, the case and cause 126 00:10:42,508 --> 00:10:46,479 of Raif Badawi. And what's important to realize is 127 00:10:46,712 --> 00:10:49,448 that when he was sentenced to 10 years in prison, it was 128 00:10:49,682 --> 00:10:51,917 also to a thousand lashes. 129 00:10:52,118 --> 00:10:55,154 After the first 50 lashes were administered, there was 130 00:10:55,388 --> 00:10:59,959 a great international outcry in the media and elsewhere. 131 00:11:00,192 --> 00:11:04,597 They then did not continue with any other lashes. 132 00:11:04,797 --> 00:11:07,800 You see, therefore, the important role 133 00:11:08,034 --> 00:11:11,771 of the media in drawing attention to the pain 134 00:11:11,971 --> 00:11:15,074 and plight of political prisoners equally to when 135 00:11:15,274 --> 00:11:16,809 that attention is not addressed. 136 00:11:17,043 --> 00:11:20,079 - (Woman): Is it possible Mrs. Badawi could speak 137 00:11:20,279 --> 00:11:23,082 about the condition her husband is in now? 138 00:12:01,487 --> 00:12:03,189 (ambient conversations) 139 00:12:05,691 --> 00:12:08,727 - Through the case and cause of Anatoly Sharansky, 140 00:12:08,961 --> 00:12:12,865 I developed what was, I would call, an advocacy strategy 141 00:12:13,099 --> 00:12:16,735 for Anatoly Sharansky, which then became the model that 142 00:12:16,969 --> 00:12:19,638 I've used with appropriate variations to release 143 00:12:19,839 --> 00:12:22,007 the political prisoner. 144 00:12:27,480 --> 00:12:32,084 The struggle for Soviet jury ended up having an international 145 00:12:32,318 --> 00:12:36,021 impact which led to, if I may borrow a Marxist metaphor, 146 00:12:36,222 --> 00:12:39,024 "the withering away of the Soviet Union as a whole". 147 00:12:39,225 --> 00:12:41,861 And the most dramatic developments in the field 148 00:12:42,061 --> 00:12:44,029 of human rights. 149 00:12:50,369 --> 00:12:52,171 I was involved in the struggle 150 00:12:52,371 --> 00:12:58,043 for Soviet Jury since my days as a student at McGill University. 151 00:12:58,244 --> 00:13:02,681 The thing that struck me about Sharansky is that he was engaged 152 00:13:02,882 --> 00:13:06,185 almost unlike anyone else in the Soviet Union, 153 00:13:06,385 --> 00:13:08,854 in five human rights movements. 154 00:13:16,896 --> 00:13:18,964 He was involved in the struggle for Soviet Jury, 155 00:13:19,198 --> 00:13:21,400 then the democracy movement. 156 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:24,303 He was at the forefront of the ethnic and religious 157 00:13:24,537 --> 00:13:27,072 rights movements. And finally, he was involved on behalf 158 00:13:27,273 --> 00:13:30,442 of other political prisoners in the Soviet Union. 159 00:14:03,742 --> 00:14:06,178 - "The flood of applications for immigration to Israel 160 00:14:06,412 --> 00:14:09,982 spawned the refusniks. For every Jew allowed to leave, 161 00:14:10,216 --> 00:14:13,586 many were not. They became known as refusniks and spent 162 00:14:13,786 --> 00:14:15,254 their time agitating for exit visas. 163 00:14:17,122 --> 00:14:19,858 - It's a great deal for anti-Semitism in Russia. 164 00:14:20,092 --> 00:14:24,463 And, uh, ten hundreds refusniks sitting in the Soviet Union 165 00:14:24,663 --> 00:14:27,633 planned to emigrate already for many, many years. 166 00:14:27,833 --> 00:14:29,602 All of them in the great dangers today. 167 00:16:02,861 --> 00:16:08,434 - In 1979, the Canadian Government arranged for me 168 00:16:08,667 --> 00:16:13,572 to appear before a Soviet Court in the case and cause 169 00:16:13,806 --> 00:16:15,541 of Sharansky. Now, that hadn't happened before. 170 00:16:17,509 --> 00:16:20,679 No sooner had we been on our way on the outskirts of Moscow, 171 00:16:20,879 --> 00:16:23,916 we were stopped by the Soviet Militia, pulled over to the side 172 00:16:24,149 --> 00:16:26,852 of the road and then the interrogation began. 173 00:16:27,052 --> 00:16:31,623 I was brought into my hotel room, a woman came in and said, 174 00:16:31,857 --> 00:16:33,792 "Professor Cotler, you have five minutes to pack your bags 175 00:16:34,026 --> 00:16:35,594 and leave the Soviet Union." 176 00:17:18,904 --> 00:17:24,009 - When I returned to Canada, at that point in 1979, suspended 177 00:17:24,243 --> 00:17:27,413 all Helsinki agreements with the Soviet Union. 178 00:17:27,613 --> 00:17:31,283 (chants and screams) 179 00:17:34,720 --> 00:17:38,190 The generic approach was that of the mobilization 180 00:17:38,424 --> 00:17:41,126 of shame against the human rights violator. 181 00:17:41,326 --> 00:17:43,529 - We're trying to show to the Russian government 182 00:17:43,762 --> 00:17:45,964 that we will not remain silent while they are persecuting 183 00:17:46,165 --> 00:17:47,800 our people. 184 00:17:53,405 --> 00:17:57,009 - We had this critical mass, women, students, artists, 185 00:17:57,242 --> 00:18:00,179 scientists, lawyers, not just in Canada, but elsewhere. 186 00:18:00,412 --> 00:18:03,816 So, there's the strategic advocacy model. And I think 187 00:18:04,016 --> 00:18:06,718 it was the critical mass that then became 188 00:18:06,952 --> 00:18:10,222 the tipping point that brought about the release of Sharansky. 189 00:18:10,456 --> 00:18:12,991 (shutter clicks) 190 00:18:15,928 --> 00:18:18,797 - (Reporter): After nine years in a gulag, Anatoly Sharansky is 191 00:18:18,997 --> 00:18:21,633 about to cross Glienicke Bridge to freedom. 192 00:18:21,834 --> 00:18:24,503 The whole world is watching. 193 00:18:33,812 --> 00:18:38,083 - I was on the panel with Gorbachev a few years later, uh, 194 00:18:38,317 --> 00:18:41,954 in New York and I thought I'd ask him, you know, what role did 195 00:18:42,187 --> 00:18:45,724 he have in Sharansky's release. And through translation, 196 00:18:45,924 --> 00:18:50,128 he told me a fascinating story. He said, "You know, this may 197 00:18:50,362 --> 00:18:54,633 surprise you, but when I was the Secretary of Agriculture 198 00:18:54,867 --> 00:18:57,202 in the Soviet Union, I never heard of Anatoly Sharansky. 199 00:18:57,402 --> 00:19:01,139 I come to Canada, my first overseas trip; all of a sudden, 200 00:19:01,373 --> 00:19:04,910 they started to ask me questions about this Anatoly Sharansky. 201 00:19:05,110 --> 00:19:08,247 I left the parliament buildings and there's this big 202 00:19:08,447 --> 00:19:12,251 demonstration on behalf of this Anatoly Sharansky. 203 00:19:12,451 --> 00:19:15,220 And so, I come back to the Soviet Union and some months 204 00:19:15,420 --> 00:19:17,823 later I'm now the President of the Soviet Union, 205 00:19:18,056 --> 00:19:22,160 so I ordered up Sharansky's file. He was a troublemaker, 206 00:19:22,394 --> 00:19:26,298 but the real thing is it was costing us to keep him 207 00:19:26,532 --> 00:19:30,669 in prison. Wherever I went, I would bump into protests 208 00:19:30,903 --> 00:19:32,571 with regard to this Anatoly Sharansky. 209 00:19:32,771 --> 00:19:35,340 So, it was costing us politically, economically, 210 00:19:35,574 --> 00:19:39,478 it was costing us in terms of our image. So, I ordered 211 00:19:39,711 --> 00:19:42,247 his release." And then came the crucial word; 212 00:19:42,447 --> 00:19:45,617 "In our self-interest." 213 00:19:45,817 --> 00:19:48,754 And that's when I learned then, and it became my model, 214 00:19:48,954 --> 00:19:52,491 that the tipping point for the release of political 215 00:19:52,724 --> 00:19:56,828 prisoners is when those who are imprisoning them believe 216 00:19:57,062 --> 00:20:00,866 that it's in their self-interest to release them. That's 217 00:20:01,099 --> 00:20:03,602 what happened with respect to Sharansky and that's what 218 00:20:03,802 --> 00:20:06,371 I'm hoping will happen now with regard to Badawi. 219 00:20:06,605 --> 00:20:08,607 That we are reaching that tipping point. 220 00:20:25,023 --> 00:20:27,526 - Hey, guys! - Good to see you! 221 00:20:27,759 --> 00:20:31,530 - Irwin! - What a pleasure! 222 00:20:31,763 --> 00:20:33,799 - It's so good to see you. - You're looking great, man. 223 00:20:33,999 --> 00:20:35,867 - You are too. - It's terrific to see you! 224 00:20:36,101 --> 00:20:37,736 - I'm following you on Twitter, and you ended up getting 225 00:20:37,970 --> 00:20:40,005 arrested. Thankfully, you were released 226 00:20:40,205 --> 00:20:42,541 at the last minute. - Several times, but yeah. 227 00:20:42,774 --> 00:20:44,543 (laughs) 228 00:20:44,776 --> 00:20:48,180 If there's one sentence to describe me, the answer is 229 00:20:48,380 --> 00:20:50,882 that I'm Putin's number one enemy. 230 00:20:51,116 --> 00:20:53,585 - During today's meeting, I addressed directly 231 00:20:53,819 --> 00:20:56,188 with President Putin the issue of Russian interference 232 00:20:56,388 --> 00:20:58,190 in our elections. 233 00:20:58,390 --> 00:21:00,759 - At the press conference at the end of the Summit... 234 00:21:00,993 --> 00:21:03,061 ...says Putin, "Are you going to hand over the 12 GRU 235 00:21:03,295 --> 00:21:07,232 officers?" And Putin says, "Uh, yes, as long as President 236 00:21:07,466 --> 00:21:09,067 Trump hands over Bill Browder." 237 00:21:11,737 --> 00:21:14,840 After Putin mentioned me at the Summit, the whole 238 00:21:15,040 --> 00:21:17,242 world wanted to know, who is Bill Browder? 239 00:21:17,476 --> 00:21:21,380 (protest chants) 240 00:21:21,580 --> 00:21:23,849 My grandfather was the General Secretary of the American 241 00:21:24,049 --> 00:21:28,420 Communist Party. He ran for President twice in the Communist 242 00:21:28,654 --> 00:21:30,122 ticket against Roosevelt. 243 00:21:30,355 --> 00:21:33,558 (protest chants) 244 00:21:33,759 --> 00:21:36,128 I graduated business school in 1989, which was the year 245 00:21:36,361 --> 00:21:39,631 that the Berlin Wall came down. One day, I had this epiphany 246 00:21:39,865 --> 00:21:42,200 which is that if my grandfather was the biggest communist 247 00:21:42,401 --> 00:21:44,736 in America, I'm going to try to become the biggest capitalist 248 00:21:44,936 --> 00:21:47,906 in Eastern Europe. And that's what I set out to do. 249 00:21:48,106 --> 00:21:51,810 (propellers) 250 00:21:52,044 --> 00:21:54,713 I got there just as they were starting to privatize 251 00:21:54,913 --> 00:21:58,250 their industries and the decision that they made 252 00:21:58,450 --> 00:22:02,387 in Russia was to go from communism to capitalism, 253 00:22:02,587 --> 00:22:05,057 they wanted to give away all the State property away for free 254 00:22:05,257 --> 00:22:07,726 to create a whole class of capitalists. 255 00:22:11,630 --> 00:22:14,666 The crucial job that I got that really set me into motion 256 00:22:14,900 --> 00:22:17,803 was a job on the investment banking team at the Solomon 257 00:22:18,036 --> 00:22:22,307 Brothers in London. One day a very, very small assignment 258 00:22:22,541 --> 00:22:26,078 came in to advise the management of a fishing fleet in Murmansk. 259 00:22:31,083 --> 00:22:32,484 And I went down to the docks with the head of the fishing 260 00:22:32,718 --> 00:22:34,820 fleet, and he showed me one of their ships and it was 261 00:22:35,053 --> 00:22:36,521 this enormous vessel, like, 400 feet long and all 262 00:22:36,755 --> 00:22:39,324 these different stories. And I asked him, "How much does 263 00:22:39,558 --> 00:22:42,360 one of these things cost?" And he said, "20 million dollars 264 00:22:42,594 --> 00:22:47,299 new." And I asked him, "At what price is the government selling 265 00:22:47,532 --> 00:22:49,634 the fleet?" And he said, "Two- and-a-half million dollars." 266 00:22:49,868 --> 00:22:51,837 (laughs) 267 00:22:52,070 --> 00:22:54,973 Let me repeat the math for you. (laughs) 268 00:22:55,207 --> 00:22:56,808 There's a billion dollars' worth of ships and they can buy 269 00:22:57,042 --> 00:22:59,311 fifty-one percent for two and-a-half million dollars. 270 00:23:01,913 --> 00:23:05,117 I became the king of the Russian Stock Market at the age 271 00:23:05,317 --> 00:23:06,918 of thirty. 272 00:23:07,119 --> 00:23:10,922 At this point, the real trouble began. At the end of 2003, 273 00:23:11,123 --> 00:23:13,959 Putin arrested the richest oligarch in Russia; a guy 274 00:23:14,159 --> 00:23:16,194 named Mikhail Khordorkovsky and then allowed the television 275 00:23:16,428 --> 00:23:19,931 cameras to come in and film the richest man in Russia 276 00:23:20,132 --> 00:23:23,168 sitting on trial in a cage. 277 00:23:23,401 --> 00:23:25,971 And so, one by one by one the oligarchs went to Putin 278 00:23:26,171 --> 00:23:27,706 and said, "Vladimir, what do we have to do to not sit 279 00:23:27,939 --> 00:23:31,510 in a cage?" And, uh, he said, "Fifty percent." 280 00:23:31,743 --> 00:23:33,678 Not fifty percent for the Russian Government or fifty 281 00:23:33,912 --> 00:23:35,447 percent for the Presidential Administration of Russia, 282 00:23:35,647 --> 00:23:36,848 fifty percent for Vladimir Putin. 283 00:23:37,082 --> 00:23:42,687 (Russian) 284 00:23:42,921 --> 00:23:45,223 In order for Putin to stay in power, he's got to make sure 285 00:23:45,457 --> 00:23:47,793 that there's enough people who are feathering their nests so, 286 00:23:47,993 --> 00:23:51,863 there's no chance they're going to turn on him and organize 287 00:23:52,097 --> 00:23:54,232 a coup or be disloyal. 288 00:23:57,502 --> 00:24:01,740 On June 4th, 2007, 25 police officers raided my office 289 00:24:01,973 --> 00:24:04,543 in Moscow and the next thing we knew we no longer owned 290 00:24:04,776 --> 00:24:06,645 our investment holding companies. 291 00:24:06,845 --> 00:24:11,183 And this was the moment I hired Sergei Magnitsky. 292 00:24:11,383 --> 00:24:14,085 Sergei Magnitsky was a young lawyer; the best lawyer I knew 293 00:24:14,319 --> 00:24:16,721 in Russia. And he investigated it and he came back, 294 00:24:16,955 --> 00:24:19,257 and he said, "I figured out what they were trying to do." 295 00:24:21,326 --> 00:24:23,895 These people stole our companies and they applied for 296 00:24:24,129 --> 00:24:27,699 a 230 million-dollar illegal tax refund two days before 297 00:24:27,899 --> 00:24:30,702 Christmas. It was approved and paid out the next day 298 00:24:30,902 --> 00:24:33,572 with no questions asked. 299 00:24:33,805 --> 00:24:36,708 Sergei goes to the Russian State Investigative Committee; 300 00:24:36,908 --> 00:24:40,445 their version of the FBI and gives sworn testimony against 301 00:24:40,679 --> 00:24:43,415 the police officers who had been at the raid. And then we sit 302 00:24:43,648 --> 00:24:46,585 back and wait for the good guys to get the bad guys. 303 00:24:46,818 --> 00:24:49,254 Well, it turns out that in Putin's Russia there are 304 00:24:49,487 --> 00:24:51,189 no good guys. 305 00:24:51,389 --> 00:24:53,692 Five weeks after Sergei testified against the police 306 00:24:53,892 --> 00:24:56,928 officers, the same police officers came to his home, 307 00:24:57,162 --> 00:25:00,932 arrested him and put him in pre-trial detention where 308 00:25:01,166 --> 00:25:04,536 he was then tortured to withdraw his testimony. And what 309 00:25:04,736 --> 00:25:06,538 they didn't understand about Sergei Magnitsky is he's 310 00:25:06,738 --> 00:25:10,709 one of the most principled people in the world. And 311 00:25:10,909 --> 00:25:13,879 for him, the idea of bearing false witness and perjuring 312 00:25:14,079 --> 00:25:18,316 himself was a greater pain than any of the physical torture 313 00:25:18,550 --> 00:25:21,253 he was being subjected to and he refused to sign it. 314 00:25:21,453 --> 00:25:25,490 They put him in an isolation cell, they chained him 315 00:25:25,724 --> 00:25:28,226 to a bed and eight riot guards with rubber batons beat 316 00:25:28,426 --> 00:25:30,295 Sergei Magnitsky to death. 317 00:25:33,632 --> 00:25:37,102 I decided to put aside everything else I was doing 318 00:25:37,302 --> 00:25:40,639 and devote all of my time, all of my resources to going after 319 00:25:40,872 --> 00:25:42,941 the people who killed him to make sure they face justice. 320 00:25:43,141 --> 00:25:48,680 (church bells) 321 00:25:48,914 --> 00:25:52,817 - (Journalist): Across London there are pockets where Russia's 322 00:25:53,051 --> 00:25:56,454 billionaires have their homes. That's Roman Abramovich's 323 00:25:56,655 --> 00:26:00,592 house. There's one of Andrey Goncharenko's 324 00:26:00,792 --> 00:26:02,794 four homes in the middle of the capital. 325 00:26:02,994 --> 00:26:07,332 - If you're after a castle in Scotland, or, I don't 326 00:26:07,565 --> 00:26:11,002 know, want to rent a flat in Paddington, you must 327 00:26:11,236 --> 00:26:13,505 just let me know. 328 00:26:13,738 --> 00:26:16,608 - Fifty years ago, the regime would do the terrible things 329 00:26:16,808 --> 00:26:19,444 at home and stay at home, but now we're in a world where 330 00:26:19,644 --> 00:26:23,448 they want to send their wives on shopping trips to Miami 331 00:26:23,648 --> 00:26:26,117 and their kids to boarding schools in the U.K and 332 00:26:26,318 --> 00:26:29,854 Switzerland. And it's opened up an opportunity for human rights 333 00:26:30,088 --> 00:26:33,525 defenders, which is that if they covet the west, we can take 334 00:26:33,758 --> 00:26:35,694 that away from them. 335 00:26:35,927 --> 00:26:37,696 And the beautiful thing about Magnitsky sanctions is 336 00:26:37,929 --> 00:26:41,366 it doesn't punish the population back home who are oftentimes 337 00:26:41,599 --> 00:26:44,569 victims as well, it just punishes the human rights 338 00:26:44,803 --> 00:26:47,238 abusers themselves. 339 00:26:47,472 --> 00:26:51,376 And so, I began a campaign to impose visa sanctions 340 00:26:51,609 --> 00:26:54,346 and asset freezes on the people who killed Sergei Magnitsky. 341 00:26:54,546 --> 00:26:57,749 I started the campaign in Washington where I met 342 00:26:57,983 --> 00:27:01,453 a Democratic Senator named Benjamin Cardin and Republican 343 00:27:01,686 --> 00:27:04,756 Senator John McCain and I told them the same story I just 344 00:27:04,990 --> 00:27:07,258 shared with you tonight. And I said, "Can we ban the visas 345 00:27:07,492 --> 00:27:09,527 and freeze the assets of these people? And they said, 346 00:27:09,728 --> 00:27:11,629 "Yes, we can." 347 00:27:11,863 --> 00:27:15,934 And they introduced in 2010 the Sergei Magnitsky Act. 348 00:27:16,167 --> 00:27:19,471 - This bill is not simply about the case of Sergei Magnitsky; 349 00:27:19,704 --> 00:27:22,974 it applies to all those who engage in gross human rights 350 00:27:23,208 --> 00:27:25,210 violations or corruption. 351 00:27:25,410 --> 00:27:28,079 It is precedent-setting human rights legislation. 352 00:27:28,279 --> 00:27:31,883 - This legislation is one of the most important things 353 00:27:32,083 --> 00:27:35,920 that in years to come we can be proud we were a small part of. 354 00:27:44,963 --> 00:27:48,967 - For a long time, Putin got rich; everybody around him got 355 00:27:49,200 --> 00:27:53,271 rich, then all of a sudden, Bill Browder comes along and 356 00:27:53,471 --> 00:27:56,474 he creates this legislation which freezes the assets 357 00:27:56,708 --> 00:27:59,611 of people who work for Putin. 358 00:27:59,811 --> 00:28:02,814 And it changes the whole equation because before, 359 00:28:03,048 --> 00:28:05,984 Putin could ask them to go do a killing and they'd say, 360 00:28:06,217 --> 00:28:07,952 "Sure, boss." They know that nothing would happen to them, 361 00:28:08,153 --> 00:28:10,955 and they'd get rich afterwards. And all of a sudden, 362 00:28:11,156 --> 00:28:13,124 their money's at risk and their travel's at risk. 363 00:28:18,630 --> 00:28:22,467 The whole quid pro quo of how he was running his country has 364 00:28:22,667 --> 00:28:24,169 been put in disarray. 365 00:28:26,237 --> 00:28:29,207 Vladimir Putin got really mad, made all sorts of threats 366 00:28:29,441 --> 00:28:31,609 to other governments not to pass it and then went after me, 367 00:28:31,810 --> 00:28:33,378 personally. 368 00:28:37,482 --> 00:28:42,687 ♪ Oh, can't keep movin' on ♪ 369 00:28:42,921 --> 00:28:46,057 ♪ When we've got So much work to do ♪ 370 00:28:46,291 --> 00:28:49,360 ♪ Ain't no evolution ♪ 371 00:28:49,594 --> 00:28:53,998 ♪ We are noticing Many, many times before ♪ 372 00:28:54,199 --> 00:28:58,136 ♪ And here we go again It's the same old ♪ 373 00:28:58,336 --> 00:29:00,338 ♪ Song and dance we do ♪ 374 00:29:00,538 --> 00:29:04,642 ♪ We gotta make a change Or it all stays the same ♪ 375 00:29:04,843 --> 00:29:07,178 ♪ 376 00:29:07,378 --> 00:29:09,714 This process was initiated seven years ago with me 377 00:29:09,948 --> 00:29:12,584 and Irwin Cotler, your former Justice Minister. 378 00:29:12,817 --> 00:29:16,654 The night that Canada voted on the Magnitsky, it was like 379 00:29:16,855 --> 00:29:20,391 this human wave. I could kind of feel the momentum building 380 00:29:20,625 --> 00:29:22,393 as I'm watching all stand up one after another after another, 381 00:29:22,627 --> 00:29:25,497 after another, and they said the law is unanimously passed. 382 00:29:25,697 --> 00:29:28,433 ♪ 383 00:29:28,666 --> 00:29:31,736 - Global justice for Sergei Magnitsky legislation now allows 384 00:29:31,970 --> 00:29:36,941 us, not only to sanction human rights violators coming out 385 00:29:37,175 --> 00:29:40,678 of Russia, but human rights violators in other countries. 386 00:29:40,879 --> 00:29:43,615 (chants) 387 00:29:43,848 --> 00:29:45,717 ♪ Here we go again ♪ 388 00:29:45,917 --> 00:29:50,688 ♪ 389 00:29:50,889 --> 00:29:57,595 ♪ 390 00:29:57,862 --> 00:30:07,272 ♪ 391 00:30:07,505 --> 00:30:12,377 All those who have some connection with the Magnitsky 392 00:30:12,577 --> 00:30:15,146 case have found themselves poisoned. 393 00:30:19,551 --> 00:30:21,553 - I mean, if they decide to kill me, they could kill me, but 394 00:30:21,753 --> 00:30:23,321 I'm not gonna...I'm not gonna back down. 395 00:30:23,555 --> 00:30:26,925 ♪ Stand up ♪ 396 00:30:27,125 --> 00:30:29,327 - So, where do we take it from here now, Bill? 397 00:30:29,561 --> 00:30:33,598 - Um, well, now the big challenge and the big prize is 398 00:30:33,798 --> 00:30:36,634 Europe. We get it done in Europe. The European 399 00:30:36,868 --> 00:30:42,941 Parliament is gonna be hosting a Magnitsky event in April. 400 00:30:43,141 --> 00:30:46,578 It would be good if you guys could be there, being the father 401 00:30:46,778 --> 00:30:50,848 of the Canadian Magnitsky Act, I think you have a lot to say. 402 00:30:51,082 --> 00:30:55,253 - Human rights must be sacred everywhere, from Belarus 403 00:30:55,453 --> 00:31:00,525 to Syria, from Myanmar to Venezuela, from Russia 404 00:31:00,758 --> 00:31:05,296 to China. If there is a crime, Europe must have the tools 405 00:31:05,530 --> 00:31:07,465 to act. 406 00:31:14,038 --> 00:31:15,807 (shutter clicks) 407 00:31:16,040 --> 00:31:17,809 - (Journalist): Navalny was detained on arrival at a Moscow 408 00:31:18,042 --> 00:31:22,180 airport. He had just returned from Berlin where he was being 409 00:31:22,413 --> 00:31:26,017 treated after being poisoned by a Novichok nerve agent. 410 00:31:50,108 --> 00:31:52,644 - I think we continue that way. 411 00:31:52,844 --> 00:31:54,279 Yeah, I'm pretty sure we continue that way 412 00:31:54,479 --> 00:31:56,214 and then make a left. I'm not sure. 413 00:31:56,447 --> 00:31:59,117 Hard to say... 414 00:32:01,252 --> 00:32:02,820 Because here, if you look at the map... 415 00:32:03,021 --> 00:32:04,856 - Don't ask me, I can't help. 416 00:32:05,089 --> 00:32:06,958 - So, we're able to go down; there's a side street there, 417 00:32:07,158 --> 00:32:09,027 it's probably better. 418 00:32:11,462 --> 00:32:13,831 Although I think we should cross here. We should probably cross 419 00:32:14,032 --> 00:32:16,167 here and then walk, yeah, sorry. 420 00:32:19,671 --> 00:32:21,806 The State should use international human rights law 421 00:32:22,006 --> 00:32:24,475 to guide their interpretation application of such regimes. 422 00:32:24,676 --> 00:32:28,546 Five. States should make either sanctions as policy at 423 00:32:28,780 --> 00:32:30,748 targeting of journalists, in particular, as a threshold, 424 00:32:30,982 --> 00:32:33,251 trigger. Six. 425 00:32:33,484 --> 00:32:36,721 - No officials here at the Saudi Embassy in London are commenting 426 00:32:36,954 --> 00:32:39,691 publicly about this case, but the line from Riyadh is that 427 00:32:39,891 --> 00:32:42,360 they have nothing to do with Mr. Khashoggi's disappearance. 428 00:32:44,329 --> 00:32:46,597 - It's a five-minute walk, so we'll get there. 429 00:32:46,831 --> 00:32:49,233 - And in our story that Jamal Khashoggi wrote, 430 00:32:49,467 --> 00:32:52,003 he lamented the fact that the vast majority 431 00:32:52,203 --> 00:32:56,074 of countries in the Arab world lack a free press and that 432 00:32:56,307 --> 00:32:59,277 as a result, millions of Arabs are, either uninformed, 433 00:32:59,510 --> 00:33:01,179 or misinformed. 434 00:33:01,379 --> 00:33:04,515 - We still hear cases such as the case of Raif Badawi, 435 00:33:04,716 --> 00:33:07,618 the blogger who was sentenced to ten years, a thousand lashes 436 00:33:07,852 --> 00:33:10,088 just for being critical. 437 00:33:10,321 --> 00:33:13,758 - This is true in other parts of the world as well, meaning 438 00:33:13,991 --> 00:33:17,462 democracy cannot work, meaning progress is restrained 439 00:33:17,695 --> 00:33:21,733 or thwarted. And human rights abuse, any abuse, can occur 440 00:33:21,933 --> 00:33:23,434 in the dark. 441 00:33:23,668 --> 00:33:25,937 So, it is clear that the challenges to media 442 00:33:26,170 --> 00:33:28,306 freedom are urgent, and they are global. 443 00:33:28,539 --> 00:33:32,143 But my message to all the ministers who are here is 444 00:33:32,377 --> 00:33:34,779 that they must make sure that their laws respect media freedom 445 00:33:35,012 --> 00:33:37,448 and they impose targeted sanctions on states that try 446 00:33:37,682 --> 00:33:40,451 to silence critical speech by detaining or killing 447 00:33:40,685 --> 00:33:42,253 journalists. 448 00:33:42,453 --> 00:33:45,323 - Hi, Amal, how you doing? Good to see you! 449 00:33:45,556 --> 00:33:48,559 - And I hope they will support the work of the new independent 450 00:33:48,760 --> 00:33:52,397 international legal panel that I will introduce tomorrow. 451 00:33:52,597 --> 00:33:55,266 (chatting) How are you? Good to see you. 452 00:33:55,466 --> 00:33:58,069 Oh, I'm glad you're both here. It's the first draft, but... 453 00:33:58,269 --> 00:34:01,305 (ambient conversations) 454 00:34:03,875 --> 00:34:06,577 (ambient conversations) 455 00:34:17,789 --> 00:34:20,258 (tapping on glass) 456 00:34:20,458 --> 00:34:24,529 - Hello everybody, I'm David Neuberger; I was President 457 00:34:24,762 --> 00:34:27,165 of the U.K Supreme Court. 458 00:34:27,398 --> 00:34:29,434 - Hi, I'm Amal Clooney; I'm a barrister and the Deputy 459 00:34:29,634 --> 00:34:31,469 Chair of the panel. 460 00:34:31,669 --> 00:34:33,938 - Hina Jilani; I practice in the Supreme Court 461 00:34:34,138 --> 00:34:35,673 in Pakistan, but I like to describe myself more 462 00:34:35,907 --> 00:34:38,976 as a human rights defender. - Here, here! 463 00:34:39,177 --> 00:34:41,012 (laughs) 464 00:34:41,245 --> 00:34:43,781 - I like to describe myself as a human rights defender too. 465 00:34:43,981 --> 00:34:47,885 Helena Kennedy; I'm the Director of the IBA's Human Rights 466 00:34:48,119 --> 00:34:50,154 Institute. 467 00:34:50,354 --> 00:34:53,291 - Irwin Cotler; a member of the panel from Canada. 468 00:34:53,491 --> 00:34:56,160 - Karunda Nundy; I'm a lawyer in the Supreme Court and I'm so 469 00:34:56,360 --> 00:34:58,129 delighted to be here and I'm really going to make it count 470 00:34:58,329 --> 00:35:00,231 'cause I left my baby behind. (laughs) 471 00:35:00,465 --> 00:35:04,702 (bells chiming) 472 00:35:09,040 --> 00:35:10,541 (knock knock) 473 00:35:18,349 --> 00:35:20,718 - Ah, good! - Hello, Professor! 474 00:35:23,721 --> 00:35:25,857 - Lots to talk about. - Yeah. 475 00:35:26,057 --> 00:35:27,525 - You know, post-panel debrief. 476 00:35:29,494 --> 00:35:33,464 - The report that Amal gave on Magnitsky sanctions is probably 477 00:35:33,698 --> 00:35:39,136 the most comprehensive that I've seen in terms of following up on 478 00:35:39,370 --> 00:35:44,809 the global movement with regard of justice for Sergei Magnitsky. 479 00:35:45,042 --> 00:35:49,580 And in terms of the targeted sanctions with respect to, 480 00:35:49,780 --> 00:35:52,717 you know, journalists that are being imprisoned and where 481 00:35:52,917 --> 00:35:55,653 this can leverage for their release. 482 00:35:55,887 --> 00:35:58,089 - Yeah. The response is to Saudi human rights abuse is that, 483 00:35:58,289 --> 00:36:01,158 let them feel that they can go ahead and just start 484 00:36:01,392 --> 00:36:04,128 assassinating journalists. And this response, um, through 485 00:36:04,362 --> 00:36:06,430 Magnitsky could...could help curtail that. 486 00:36:06,631 --> 00:36:09,166 - Because the whole idea is global justice 487 00:36:09,400 --> 00:36:13,838 for Sergei Magnitsky movement sanctions and then to have 488 00:36:14,071 --> 00:36:16,140 the countries come together, it could be a very powerful 489 00:36:16,374 --> 00:36:18,309 advocacy instrument. 490 00:36:18,543 --> 00:36:25,082 (police sirens) 491 00:37:42,059 --> 00:37:46,731 - Well, we are not going to, uh, forget about your husband. 492 00:37:46,964 --> 00:37:50,534 And we are going to work with you to continue to elevate 493 00:37:50,735 --> 00:37:54,872 this case and to demand that he be released. And, um, 494 00:37:55,072 --> 00:37:56,874 we're not going to give up. You know, 495 00:37:57,074 --> 00:37:59,744 as the co-chair of the Human Rights Commission, 496 00:37:59,977 --> 00:38:04,015 I think we ought to do it here. We need to do a hearing on Saudi 497 00:38:04,215 --> 00:38:06,283 human rights, and we could highlight Raif's case 498 00:38:06,517 --> 00:38:08,586 in that hearing. And what I want to do is I don't want to do 499 00:38:08,819 --> 00:38:11,956 anything that you don't think is appropriate. 500 00:38:12,189 --> 00:38:13,858 I want to do things that are constructive that will help 501 00:38:14,058 --> 00:38:16,027 increase pressure, so your husband is released. 502 00:38:16,227 --> 00:38:20,097 - You know, the United States without the Magnitsky sanctions 503 00:38:20,331 --> 00:38:24,802 for the seventeen involved in Khashoggi's murder, um, might 504 00:38:25,036 --> 00:38:27,738 want to think about Magnitsky sanctions for those who have 505 00:38:27,938 --> 00:38:30,241 been involved in Raif and the imprisonment of the other 506 00:38:30,441 --> 00:38:32,376 human rights defenders. 507 00:38:32,576 --> 00:38:35,079 - We need to identify the right people and we will make that 508 00:38:35,279 --> 00:38:38,949 request to the Administration. Secondly, um, we will do 509 00:38:39,183 --> 00:38:41,252 a hearing in collaboration with you to talk about who we should 510 00:38:41,452 --> 00:38:44,121 have as witnesses. And then third, I think we might want 511 00:38:44,355 --> 00:38:47,992 to draft a resolution, uh, to try to get Congress 512 00:38:48,225 --> 00:38:51,762 on record as voting to urge the Saudi Government 513 00:38:51,962 --> 00:38:53,831 to release your husband. 514 00:38:54,065 --> 00:38:55,833 - Merci. - She says, "Thank you 515 00:38:56,067 --> 00:38:57,902 very much." - But, uh...but this is... 516 00:38:58,102 --> 00:39:01,105 this is outrageous. It is clear the Crown Prince will not do 517 00:39:01,305 --> 00:39:04,675 the right thing unless, uh, international pressure is 518 00:39:04,909 --> 00:39:09,080 maintained. And, uh, we will make sure that international 519 00:39:09,280 --> 00:39:12,116 pressure, at least pressure from the United States Congress, 520 00:39:12,316 --> 00:39:13,851 is maintained. 521 00:39:16,987 --> 00:39:18,656 - (Journalist): So, you're optimistic? 522 00:39:18,889 --> 00:39:20,791 - (Irwin Cotler): I'm more optimistic because I believe 523 00:39:20,991 --> 00:39:27,798 that there's a convergence of dynamics in this regard that 524 00:39:28,032 --> 00:39:34,138 will bode well for, hopefully, bringing about Raif's release. 525 00:39:34,371 --> 00:39:36,073 - Great. So, you're off to another meeting? Rushing. 526 00:39:36,273 --> 00:39:40,144 - Off to another meeting. And, uh, it's been non-stop, 527 00:39:40,377 --> 00:39:44,148 you know? One meeting after another. And so, if we're late, 528 00:39:44,381 --> 00:39:47,818 then we're in trouble. So, we got to rush. 529 00:39:48,052 --> 00:39:51,322 - You've got to rush! Which way are you going? 530 00:39:51,555 --> 00:39:53,190 - One floor up. 531 00:40:12,409 --> 00:40:14,378 - (Irwin Cotler): Okay. 532 00:40:24,755 --> 00:40:28,459 Yeah, no, no absolutely. I think that what happened is 533 00:40:28,659 --> 00:40:31,962 it just, like everything else, just fell off their radar 534 00:40:32,163 --> 00:40:34,899 screen for a while and you revived it with the call. 535 00:40:35,132 --> 00:40:37,568 That's what it is. 536 00:40:37,802 --> 00:40:41,672 - We are told that the IRTC had sent assassins; that they were 537 00:40:41,872 --> 00:40:44,909 hunting her down and that she would have to go from friends' 538 00:40:45,142 --> 00:40:47,144 houses night to night and with her eight-year-old son. 539 00:40:47,344 --> 00:40:50,915 So, we agreed to try to help, and Professor Cotler and 540 00:40:51,148 --> 00:40:54,585 the team was in touch with every influential parliamentarian, 541 00:40:54,819 --> 00:40:56,520 every person in the government we could reach out to. 542 00:40:56,720 --> 00:40:58,756 - Security? - Yes, Irwin Cotler, 543 00:40:58,989 --> 00:41:00,658 Brandon Silver meeting with the Prime Minister? 544 00:41:00,858 --> 00:41:02,760 - Yes, come on in. - Thank you. 545 00:41:02,993 --> 00:41:04,762 - When we walked into the meeting, the Prime Minister 546 00:41:04,995 --> 00:41:07,598 looked at him and said, "Irwin, I know you've been championing 547 00:41:07,832 --> 00:41:11,101 this cause. I want to let you know that I've signed off on it 548 00:41:11,335 --> 00:41:13,103 and that they're going to be on their way to Canada 549 00:41:13,337 --> 00:41:14,839 very shortly." 550 00:41:20,477 --> 00:41:22,379 - How are you? - Hey! 551 00:41:22,580 --> 00:41:24,715 Hi, guys! - Thank you for yesterday! 552 00:41:24,915 --> 00:41:26,884 - Of course! Why don't you come in? Do you want to come in? 553 00:41:27,084 --> 00:41:28,886 - Thank you. 554 00:41:30,855 --> 00:41:32,857 - Thank you, nice to... - Nice to see you! 555 00:41:33,057 --> 00:41:34,859 - You too! - Yeah! Welcome back 556 00:41:35,059 --> 00:41:36,594 to Montreal! - Thank you! 557 00:41:36,827 --> 00:41:40,364 - Every time we take up the case and cause of a political 558 00:41:40,564 --> 00:41:45,903 prisoner, then we're shining a search light on the assaults 559 00:41:46,103 --> 00:41:48,305 on human rights in that country. 560 00:41:48,539 --> 00:41:52,576 But we're also showing with each of these individuals how one 561 00:41:52,776 --> 00:41:56,113 person can make a difference. 562 00:42:05,256 --> 00:42:10,895 - For me, as a teenager, it was odd to take a look at my mom's 563 00:42:11,095 --> 00:42:17,167 photo. She had school uniforms with a big white ribbon 564 00:42:17,401 --> 00:42:21,005 on her head. 565 00:42:21,238 --> 00:42:26,443 But my school photos are... were like this. 566 00:42:32,883 --> 00:42:35,286 (chants) 567 00:42:35,486 --> 00:42:37,755 - (Reporter): Khomeini promises political and economic freedom 568 00:42:37,955 --> 00:42:41,959 to all, unless they undermine the Islamic Republic. 569 00:42:45,095 --> 00:42:48,299 Sexual and family matters are to be ruled by Islamic law. 570 00:42:48,499 --> 00:42:51,702 That at least does not outlaw kissing; kissing 571 00:42:51,936 --> 00:42:53,637 the Ayatollah's hand. 572 00:42:53,837 --> 00:43:00,210 (chanting) 573 00:43:00,444 --> 00:43:05,282 - Having nail polish is against the law, or having makeup. 574 00:43:05,482 --> 00:43:09,486 For them, everything is seductive and it's not the man 575 00:43:09,687 --> 00:43:12,890 who has to be, I don't know, healthy and control themselves. 576 00:43:13,123 --> 00:43:14,959 It's the women. 577 00:43:16,961 --> 00:43:20,998 The women should cover their bodies so men don't get tempted. 578 00:43:34,712 --> 00:43:38,248 (screams) 579 00:43:40,851 --> 00:43:42,586 They call it morality police. 580 00:43:42,820 --> 00:43:44,855 (screams) 581 00:43:45,055 --> 00:43:46,890 You can see their vans in the city. 582 00:43:47,091 --> 00:43:50,361 (screams) 583 00:43:50,561 --> 00:43:54,865 Like having a shadow of fear on our shoulder. 584 00:43:55,065 --> 00:43:58,268 - Welcome to Concordia and welcome to Montreal. 585 00:43:58,502 --> 00:44:00,904 It really is...I'm really very deeply honoured to be able 586 00:44:01,105 --> 00:44:03,273 to speak with you. - Thank you, it's a pleasure. 587 00:44:03,507 --> 00:44:06,443 - Many of us have seen the images of young women 588 00:44:06,677 --> 00:44:10,581 with their hijabs attached to sticks and waving them and... 589 00:44:10,781 --> 00:44:14,785 tell us a little bit about where this movement has come from? 590 00:44:15,019 --> 00:44:19,590 - It was in the first movement against compulsory hijab. 591 00:44:19,790 --> 00:44:23,794 After the revolution, there was a big protest in Iran. 592 00:44:24,028 --> 00:44:26,130 (chanting) 593 00:44:26,363 --> 00:44:30,567 But the government easily oppressed the demonstration. 594 00:44:33,604 --> 00:44:36,340 - (Female voice): If you don't have a hijab, they watch you 595 00:44:36,573 --> 00:44:41,445 a lot, they think you are a whore or you are crazy. 596 00:44:44,081 --> 00:44:48,819 From the age of seven, all day and all night, everywhere you go 597 00:44:49,053 --> 00:44:50,854 you must wear it. 598 00:44:53,157 --> 00:44:57,861 I am hopeful that there will be change in the future. 599 00:45:21,452 --> 00:45:25,622 - Before the whole thing, I knew a little bit about suffragettes, 600 00:45:25,823 --> 00:45:30,327 and I was following our influential women. 601 00:45:32,362 --> 00:45:36,033 And it was like; I wish I was like them. 602 00:45:44,942 --> 00:45:49,179 Showing your opposition was a little bit scary. 603 00:45:49,379 --> 00:45:52,049 Because you knew it's gonna be dangerous. 604 00:46:21,078 --> 00:46:25,048 My husband was very scared; my family, they were very 605 00:46:25,249 --> 00:46:33,190 scared. But...it was our demand and I...I couldn't stop. 606 00:46:43,867 --> 00:46:48,705 You cannot imagine what, what's going on inside prison. 607 00:46:48,906 --> 00:46:52,976 There's no law inside. 608 00:46:53,210 --> 00:47:00,250 From the moment I got beaten up, it was...it was very horrifying; 609 00:47:00,450 --> 00:47:06,990 it was very, uh, I don't know...when...when that lady was 610 00:47:07,224 --> 00:47:11,962 on top of me, she was bouncing my head on the...on the floor 611 00:47:12,196 --> 00:47:18,569 like a ball. I could hear the sound of my hair 612 00:47:18,769 --> 00:47:22,306 plucking out of my head. It was like I could hear 613 00:47:22,539 --> 00:47:24,107 my hair. 614 00:47:24,308 --> 00:47:25,909 (keys rattling) 615 00:47:26,109 --> 00:47:28,979 (A door unlocks and closes.) 616 00:47:29,213 --> 00:47:34,952 The first thing I told my husband was "I cannot stay." 617 00:47:35,152 --> 00:47:40,490 I knew if I stay, I have to be silent and I knew I couldn't 618 00:47:40,724 --> 00:47:42,960 be silent. 619 00:47:58,208 --> 00:48:00,944 - What do you think of your mom being so courageous? 620 00:48:01,144 --> 00:48:03,180 What do you think of what she did? 621 00:48:03,413 --> 00:48:07,251 - Uh, I think she did...I think she did a great job and 622 00:48:07,451 --> 00:48:09,486 she needed to do that. 623 00:48:09,720 --> 00:48:15,459 People need to be free, and she wanted to be free. 624 00:48:15,659 --> 00:48:18,428 And other people want to be free. 625 00:48:24,468 --> 00:48:26,637 Any more questions? 626 00:48:44,021 --> 00:48:46,056 (French) 627 00:48:46,290 --> 00:48:50,060 - Welcome! In 2018, the assault on human rights in Iran has been 628 00:48:50,294 --> 00:48:52,229 relentless. 629 00:48:52,462 --> 00:48:56,400 Fortunately, we have today, I believe, the best array 630 00:48:56,633 --> 00:49:00,137 of witness testimony that has ever been gathered 631 00:49:00,337 --> 00:49:04,541 on Parliament Hill. The first is Masih Alinejad; a renowned 632 00:49:04,775 --> 00:49:08,378 Iranian journalist and was a founder of the White Wednesday 633 00:49:08,612 --> 00:49:10,847 Campaign for women's freedom in Iran. 634 00:49:11,048 --> 00:49:12,816 - Hi everyone. 635 00:49:13,016 --> 00:49:16,553 I launched a movement five years ago, "My Selfie Freedom" and 636 00:49:16,787 --> 00:49:20,590 I asked women to take off their white head scarf and walking 637 00:49:20,824 --> 00:49:23,560 unveiled, which is a punishable crime. But they risked 638 00:49:23,794 --> 00:49:26,530 their lives because they know freedom is not free. 639 00:49:26,730 --> 00:49:31,101 When right now, four activists and their lawyer are in prison 640 00:49:31,335 --> 00:49:34,771 just because of protesting against hijab, then there is 641 00:49:35,005 --> 00:49:38,842 no justice in Iran, it's the responsibility of all 642 00:49:39,042 --> 00:49:41,445 the international communities to stand up for freedom of choice. 643 00:49:41,678 --> 00:49:44,014 (applause) 644 00:49:52,556 --> 00:49:54,024 - Irwin, it's your weight! 645 00:49:54,224 --> 00:49:55,926 (elevator alarm) 646 00:50:03,400 --> 00:50:08,271 - Canada adopted the Magnitsky Sanctions in October 2017. 647 00:50:08,505 --> 00:50:11,608 Since then, we've sanctioned a number of people and 648 00:50:11,842 --> 00:50:18,382 increasingly so from Venezuela, Russia, Saudi Arabia, 649 00:50:18,582 --> 00:50:20,250 but not Iran. - (Woman): Not Iran! 650 00:50:20,450 --> 00:50:22,285 - (Man): Okay. - I think, Irwin, with regards 651 00:50:22,519 --> 00:50:24,955 to Magnitsky, I would be glad to go court if we had 652 00:50:25,188 --> 00:50:28,091 the evidence to support accusations against them, 653 00:50:28,291 --> 00:50:31,661 but we need very tightly documented evidence. 654 00:50:31,895 --> 00:50:34,664 - I'm making a speech today in the House on Iran 655 00:50:34,898 --> 00:50:38,301 on something called The Late Show. And I will name 656 00:50:38,535 --> 00:50:42,005 all nineteen of these people in that speech. Um, and I will 657 00:50:42,239 --> 00:50:44,341 mention the IRTC issue as well. 658 00:50:44,574 --> 00:50:46,243 - Thanks everyone. 659 00:50:46,443 --> 00:50:49,479 - Thank you! We appreciate your time. 660 00:50:55,752 --> 00:50:57,654 - Being a woman in Iran means that you have to fight every 661 00:50:57,888 --> 00:51:01,758 day. This is how you gain your freedom back. 662 00:51:12,402 --> 00:51:18,275 - I'm Shaparak, one of the women who, uh, follow Masih's 663 00:51:18,475 --> 00:51:20,143 campaign and got arrested. 664 00:51:20,343 --> 00:51:22,212 - Blame goes on me. - No! 665 00:51:22,446 --> 00:51:25,515 (laughs) 666 00:51:25,749 --> 00:51:27,617 - She was sentenced to 20 years in prison. 667 00:51:27,818 --> 00:51:32,155 - I was waiting for ages to do something, but I didn't have any 668 00:51:32,355 --> 00:51:36,026 clue; I wasn't a journalist; I wasn't an activist, but with 669 00:51:36,259 --> 00:51:39,062 this campaign it was like that's...that's the time 670 00:51:39,296 --> 00:51:41,131 I can do something. 671 00:51:41,331 --> 00:51:45,368 - The time when Shaparak got arrested, she went to prison, 672 00:51:45,602 --> 00:51:49,072 the same day three female politicians from Netherlands, 673 00:51:49,306 --> 00:51:52,008 they went there obeying compulsory hijab without even 674 00:51:52,209 --> 00:51:55,445 challenging it. And I criticized them, they said, "Look, this is 675 00:51:55,679 --> 00:51:58,515 just like wearing a hat, don't make it a big deal." 676 00:51:58,715 --> 00:52:01,117 And I wrote a column and I said, how many times have you got 677 00:52:01,351 --> 00:52:04,387 beaten up because of wearing a hat, an inappropriate hat? 678 00:52:04,588 --> 00:52:07,257 - But the problem I can see is that in Canada, we can't even 679 00:52:07,491 --> 00:52:09,059 identify those people. But that's the challenge we're 680 00:52:09,259 --> 00:52:12,095 having in terms of being able to apply sanctions and ensure 681 00:52:12,329 --> 00:52:14,097 that we are talking to the right people. 682 00:52:40,290 --> 00:52:43,260 - It's been an excellent day and we're not over yet. 683 00:52:46,963 --> 00:52:50,934 - And so, I'll then begin with you, of course, Masih. 684 00:52:51,134 --> 00:52:54,437 - I strongly believe that, if we want to challenge 685 00:52:54,638 --> 00:52:59,442 this oppressive regime, the Government, then every 686 00:52:59,643 --> 00:53:04,481 individual woman has to launch her own revolution because 687 00:53:04,714 --> 00:53:07,083 the revolution-was a revolution against women. 688 00:53:07,284 --> 00:53:10,086 So, this is what I did; I was not always looking like that. 689 00:53:10,287 --> 00:53:12,155 (laughing) 690 00:53:12,389 --> 00:53:16,626 Yeah, I had to cover this big hair. I never had a clue about 691 00:53:16,826 --> 00:53:20,664 feminism, equality, never had a clue about discrimination, 692 00:53:20,897 --> 00:53:24,267 never. But I had a little brother who was the most visible 693 00:53:24,467 --> 00:53:26,303 example of freedom, all the freedom that I wanted 694 00:53:26,503 --> 00:53:29,773 to have. I wanted to sing, it was forbidden. 695 00:53:29,973 --> 00:53:32,509 I wanted to dance; it was forbidden. 696 00:53:32,742 --> 00:53:36,846 If there's rape in Iran, it's my fault because I don't 697 00:53:37,080 --> 00:53:40,784 cover myself. Sanction all those oppressors and their relatives. 698 00:53:40,984 --> 00:53:44,688 When we see those and live here, safe in Canada, but human rights 699 00:53:44,921 --> 00:53:47,624 activists go to jail or taken hostage like now. 700 00:53:47,824 --> 00:53:49,292 (applause) Then this is your 701 00:53:49,492 --> 00:53:51,628 responsibility. Thank you so much. 702 00:54:18,822 --> 00:54:26,563 - The genocide in Rwanda. 10 000 Tutsis were murdered 703 00:54:26,796 --> 00:54:29,499 every day for three months. 704 00:54:49,686 --> 00:54:52,088 - I thought we got the guys out, but you came back in? 705 00:54:52,322 --> 00:54:54,257 - I came back. - Oh shit! 706 00:54:54,491 --> 00:54:56,593 (laughs) 707 00:55:00,664 --> 00:55:02,899 (applause) 708 00:55:03,099 --> 00:55:05,402 - I will begin with Esther. 709 00:55:05,602 --> 00:55:08,605 I've heard you very often speaking about what it feels 710 00:55:08,838 --> 00:55:11,908 when people say 'what lessons have you learned about Rwanda?' 711 00:55:12,108 --> 00:55:15,912 What do you think? What, if anything, do you want people 712 00:55:16,112 --> 00:55:18,882 to learn from what happened 25 years ago? 713 00:55:53,550 --> 00:56:00,990 - That the world 'stand' by and let that scenario play out 714 00:56:01,224 --> 00:56:06,963 in front of them day after day and refuse, either by decision 715 00:56:07,197 --> 00:56:12,235 or not taking a decision to go in, the international community 716 00:56:12,435 --> 00:56:17,273 nurtured the destruction of the Tutsis by an extremist 717 00:56:17,474 --> 00:56:23,813 group. I made mistakes in Rwanda. The Secretary 718 00:56:24,047 --> 00:56:29,285 of the U.N. made mistakes in Rwanda. But the odious 719 00:56:29,486 --> 00:56:33,089 of the abandonment and particularly the odious 720 00:56:33,289 --> 00:56:37,093 of not recognizing that this thing was going to be 721 00:56:37,293 --> 00:56:40,764 catastrophic is in every national capital of the world 722 00:56:40,964 --> 00:56:44,267 that abandoned Rwanda and abandoned humanity. 723 00:56:46,336 --> 00:56:49,973 I couldn't keep 450 soldiers in Rwanda where there were 724 00:56:50,173 --> 00:56:53,476 more people killed, displaced, refugeed and raped in all 725 00:56:53,676 --> 00:56:57,514 of the campaign in ex-Yugoslavia and yet we put 67 000 troops 726 00:56:57,747 --> 00:57:02,652 in ex-Yugoslavia. It begs another question and that is: 727 00:57:02,852 --> 00:57:07,991 Are all humans human? Or are some humans more human 728 00:57:08,191 --> 00:57:09,692 than others? 729 00:57:15,198 --> 00:57:19,903 The lessons of Esther and General Dallaire really underpin 730 00:57:20,136 --> 00:57:24,741 what I'd like to share with you. As Ester put it, the genocide 731 00:57:24,974 --> 00:57:29,679 did not occur all at once; there were stages; stages 732 00:57:29,879 --> 00:57:34,851 of discrimination, of exclusion, of stigmatization. 733 00:57:35,051 --> 00:57:38,988 And in particular, that the genocide of the Tutsis occurred 734 00:57:39,189 --> 00:57:43,693 because of state-sanctioned incitement to hate and 735 00:57:43,893 --> 00:57:48,364 to genocide. It was this teaching of contempt, 736 00:57:48,565 --> 00:57:53,069 this demonizing of the other, this is where it all began. 737 00:57:53,303 --> 00:57:57,173 We have to create a situation where the promotion and 738 00:57:57,373 --> 00:58:00,844 protection of human rights is, in fact, implemented 739 00:58:01,044 --> 00:58:04,881 by those entrusted to do it. We have a shocking situation 740 00:58:05,081 --> 00:58:09,352 today where the United Nations Council on Human Rights, 741 00:58:09,552 --> 00:58:13,790 where the human rights violators themselves are sitting 742 00:58:14,023 --> 00:58:17,293 on that Human Rights Council, where Saudi Arabia is elected 743 00:58:17,527 --> 00:58:20,230 to the U.N Commission on the Status of Women; 744 00:58:20,430 --> 00:58:24,067 Syria is elected the U.N. Committee on Disarmament? 745 00:58:24,267 --> 00:58:29,372 Unbelievable. Iran is elected to also to the U.N. 746 00:58:29,572 --> 00:58:33,443 In other...the major human rights violators have been put 747 00:58:33,676 --> 00:58:36,713 in charge of the promotion and protection of human rights. 748 00:58:36,913 --> 00:58:42,619 That Orwellian situation must change. So, may this coming 749 00:58:42,852 --> 00:58:46,923 together today be not only an act of remembrance, which 750 00:58:47,123 --> 00:58:52,729 it is, but it must always be a remembrance to act 751 00:58:52,929 --> 00:58:54,931 individually and collectively. 752 00:58:55,131 --> 00:59:01,804 (applause) 753 00:59:12,749 --> 00:59:15,018 - Today we're focusing on the commemoration 754 00:59:15,251 --> 00:59:18,621 of Nelson Mandela's 100th anniversary and the arrival 755 00:59:18,821 --> 00:59:20,523 of Justice Dikgang Moseneke to Canada; we're honoured 756 00:59:20,757 --> 00:59:22,659 to have him. One of Professor Cotler's 757 00:59:22,892 --> 00:59:24,994 greatest heroes was Nelson Mandela. 758 00:59:25,228 --> 00:59:27,363 - So, I see that you're expecting. 759 00:59:27,597 --> 00:59:30,033 - Yes. - Are you hopeful for your sake 760 00:59:30,266 --> 00:59:32,335 and your children's sake? - About the future in human 761 00:59:32,568 --> 00:59:36,205 rights? I am. I am. I think hope is the number one ingredient. 762 00:59:40,643 --> 00:59:44,347 - Good afternoon, everyone. I'm delighted to welcome you all 763 00:59:44,580 --> 00:59:47,784 to the inauguration of the Nelson Mandela 764 00:59:47,984 --> 00:59:52,855 Lectureship in Human Rights. Named in remembrance of a hero 765 00:59:53,089 --> 00:59:59,195 of humanity. It is only fitting that our inaugural lecture be 766 00:59:59,429 --> 01:00:03,132 delivered by Justice Dikgang Moseneke who was 767 01:00:03,333 --> 01:00:07,971 a young political prisoner together with Nelson Mandela 768 01:00:08,171 --> 01:00:09,639 on Robben Island. 769 01:00:09,839 --> 01:00:17,880 (applause) 770 01:00:18,081 --> 01:00:22,719 - In 1948, the National Party took over power in South Africa 771 01:00:22,919 --> 01:00:25,521 and expanded segregation by introducing apartheid 772 01:00:25,722 --> 01:00:30,360 legislation. The young and angry Nelson Mandela vowed 773 01:00:30,560 --> 01:00:32,628 to combat apartheid oppression. 774 01:00:32,862 --> 01:00:38,801 The apartheid regime chose to end his public activism. 775 01:00:39,035 --> 01:00:43,806 Around 1955, he was arrested and indicted for high treason. 776 01:00:44,040 --> 01:00:46,776 While facing the death penalty, instead of pleading for mercy 777 01:00:47,010 --> 01:00:52,115 from this trial court to save his life, Nelson Mandela burst 778 01:00:52,348 --> 01:00:58,154 into these memorable lines; - I have fought against white 779 01:00:58,388 --> 01:01:04,761 domination, and I have fought against black domination. 780 01:01:04,961 --> 01:01:06,562 (cheers) 781 01:01:06,763 --> 01:01:13,002 I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society 782 01:01:13,236 --> 01:01:18,741 in which all persons live together in harmony and 783 01:01:18,941 --> 01:01:21,944 with equal opportunities. 784 01:01:22,145 --> 01:01:28,851 It is an ideal for which I am prepared to die. 785 01:01:29,085 --> 01:01:32,021 (chanting) 786 01:01:34,323 --> 01:01:40,096 - In 1981, I was invited to South Africa as a guest 787 01:01:40,296 --> 01:01:43,166 of the anti-apartheid movement. 788 01:01:43,399 --> 01:01:47,804 And they organized this lecture that I gave; "If Sharansky, 789 01:01:48,004 --> 01:01:53,443 why not Mandela"? At the end of the lecture, I got arrested. 790 01:01:53,643 --> 01:01:57,680 And the prison guard comes over to me and he says, "You know, 791 01:01:57,914 --> 01:02:01,451 the Foreign Minister of South Africa, has asked us 792 01:02:01,651 --> 01:02:05,822 to bring you to see him." And I come in and he says, 793 01:02:06,022 --> 01:02:08,491 "Look at that picture on the wall. Who is that?" 794 01:02:08,691 --> 01:02:11,060 I said, "That's Anatoly Sharansky." 795 01:02:11,294 --> 01:02:15,698 And he said, "Right." He said, "I could not understand how 796 01:02:15,932 --> 01:02:19,902 somebody like you, who could defend this great human rights 797 01:02:20,136 --> 01:02:24,407 hero, Anatoly Sharansky, can speak in the same breath 798 01:02:24,640 --> 01:02:28,077 about Nelson Mandela." So, I then said, "Mr. Minister, 799 01:02:28,311 --> 01:02:32,482 both Sharansky and Mandela are fighting for the same thing; 800 01:02:32,682 --> 01:02:34,484 they're both fighting for democracy; they're both 801 01:02:34,684 --> 01:02:36,319 fighting for freedom." 802 01:02:39,355 --> 01:02:43,326 - I said, "South Africa is the only post-World War II 803 01:02:43,526 --> 01:02:47,530 country that has institutionalized racism 804 01:02:47,730 --> 01:02:51,534 as a matter of law. And for so long as it takes, from wherever 805 01:02:51,734 --> 01:02:55,838 I am, I will fight against this racist legal regime 806 01:02:56,038 --> 01:02:58,040 until it is dismantled." 807 01:03:09,152 --> 01:03:11,687 As a result of all of that, I was approached by 808 01:03:11,888 --> 01:03:16,792 Isie Maisels, the leading lawyer for Mandela who said we need 809 01:03:17,026 --> 01:03:20,630 someone to do like you've been doing with regard to Sharansky, 810 01:03:20,863 --> 01:03:24,033 with regard to Mandela. So that's how I became, 811 01:03:24,233 --> 01:03:28,104 you know, what I call a cameo shot involved in Mandela's 812 01:03:28,337 --> 01:03:30,740 case and cause. 813 01:03:31,007 --> 01:03:34,443 ♪ 814 01:03:34,677 --> 01:03:42,318 - Never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land 815 01:03:42,552 --> 01:03:46,989 will again experience the oppression of one by another. 816 01:03:47,223 --> 01:03:49,959 (chanting) 817 01:04:01,304 --> 01:04:07,410 ♪ 818 01:04:07,610 --> 01:04:14,483 ♪ 819 01:04:14,750 --> 01:04:20,289 ♪ 820 01:04:20,523 --> 01:04:25,394 (bells) 821 01:04:25,595 --> 01:04:29,398 ♪ 822 01:04:29,599 --> 01:04:33,636 - Hi! - Oh my God! Hi! 823 01:04:33,869 --> 01:04:40,743 - Hi, darling! How are you? It's nice to see you in person. 824 01:04:40,943 --> 01:04:47,416 ♪ 825 01:04:47,617 --> 01:04:53,089 ♪ 826 01:05:19,815 --> 01:05:23,519 - First of all, I want to thank you for your support toward 827 01:05:23,753 --> 01:05:28,124 Raif Badawi and Ensaf. And I really like to see her 828 01:05:28,324 --> 01:05:32,128 in person because I admire her courage and I thought we have 829 01:05:32,328 --> 01:05:36,465 the same cause; women in those countries, that they are 830 01:05:36,666 --> 01:05:40,803 living under repression in those dictatorship regimes have 831 01:05:41,003 --> 01:05:45,708 to get together and be the voice of the ones who are inside 832 01:05:45,941 --> 01:05:49,145 prison. That's my mission and thank you for your support. 833 01:05:49,345 --> 01:05:51,047 Thank you, it's amazing. 834 01:05:51,280 --> 01:05:53,716 (applause) 835 01:05:53,949 --> 01:05:55,818 - Merci beaucoup! Thank you very much! 836 01:05:56,018 --> 01:05:57,420 - Thank you! - Thank you so much! 837 01:05:57,653 --> 01:05:59,755 - We will continue our fight. 838 01:05:59,989 --> 01:06:01,724 - It's all you can do, you know? 839 01:06:01,957 --> 01:06:04,694 - Yeah, yeah. 840 01:06:04,894 --> 01:06:11,167 ♪ 841 01:06:20,509 --> 01:06:23,212 - We want this be a good event! (laughs) 842 01:06:23,412 --> 01:06:28,451 ♪ 843 01:06:28,684 --> 01:06:30,853 - What's happening tonight? 844 01:06:31,053 --> 01:06:33,689 - Well, Professor Cotler is receiving an honorary doctorate 845 01:06:33,889 --> 01:06:35,624 from Tel Aviv University. 846 01:06:39,662 --> 01:06:43,699 - At the session on the 13th day of June, 2018, the senate 847 01:06:43,899 --> 01:06:47,770 of Tel Aviv University resolved to honour the Honourable 848 01:06:48,003 --> 01:06:52,041 Irwin Cotler in recognition of his influential role 849 01:06:52,241 --> 01:06:54,110 as a champion of justice. 850 01:06:54,343 --> 01:07:02,118 (applause) 851 01:07:02,351 --> 01:07:07,590 - I'm particularly delighted to receive this honorary 852 01:07:07,790 --> 01:07:14,230 doctorate of Tel Aviv University and a special thanks to my wife, 853 01:07:14,430 --> 01:07:18,100 Ariella who has always been there in the trenches with me, 854 01:07:18,300 --> 01:07:20,136 though not always on the same side. 855 01:07:20,369 --> 01:07:24,006 (laughter) 856 01:07:24,240 --> 01:07:29,445 In the summer of 1962, I was one of a group of Canadian students 857 01:07:29,645 --> 01:07:32,982 who received a world university service with scholarship and 858 01:07:33,215 --> 01:07:36,519 it was called, to visit Poland for three months. 859 01:07:36,752 --> 01:07:42,591 But the experience, the painful experience, that I remember most 860 01:07:42,792 --> 01:07:47,496 and will never forget, was the one day that we spent 861 01:07:47,730 --> 01:07:51,767 at the oswiecim, the Auschwitz death camp. Of horrors 862 01:07:51,967 --> 01:07:54,937 too terrible to be believed, but not too terrible to have 863 01:07:55,137 --> 01:07:59,842 happened. And then I went to Israel, and I recall writing 864 01:08:00,075 --> 01:08:03,946 that it's not the case that if there had been no Holocaust, 865 01:08:04,146 --> 01:08:06,615 there would not have been a State of Israel, but that it's 866 01:08:06,816 --> 01:08:09,318 the other way around. That if there had been a State 867 01:08:09,518 --> 01:08:12,121 of Israel, there would not have been a Holocaust or the horrors 868 01:08:12,321 --> 01:08:13,989 of Jewish history. 869 01:08:14,190 --> 01:08:18,861 (applause) 870 01:08:19,094 --> 01:08:23,566 The Holocaust and the genocide, for example, in Rwanda where 871 01:08:23,799 --> 01:08:29,371 one million Tutsis were murdered in three months. What makes 872 01:08:29,572 --> 01:08:34,443 it so unspeakable is that these genocides were 873 01:08:34,677 --> 01:08:36,712 preventable. 874 01:08:39,682 --> 01:08:43,052 And so, may I close with the words from the "Never Again 875 01:08:43,252 --> 01:08:47,223 Declaration" that we adopted a little over two years ago 876 01:08:47,423 --> 01:08:51,060 on the occasion of the March of the Living in Poland. 877 01:08:51,260 --> 01:08:56,098 We remember and pledge that never again will we be 878 01:08:56,332 --> 01:09:01,070 indifferent to incitement and hate. That never again will 879 01:09:01,270 --> 01:09:06,642 we be silent in the face of evil, but we will speak up 880 01:09:06,876 --> 01:09:15,551 and act against indifference, against racism, against hate, 881 01:09:15,751 --> 01:09:21,891 against anti-Semitism, against mass atrocity, against injustice 882 01:09:22,091 --> 01:09:26,562 and against the crime of genocide, as I said, 883 01:09:26,762 --> 01:09:30,733 whose name we should even shudder to mention. 884 01:09:30,933 --> 01:09:35,838 That is what the pursuit of justice is all about 885 01:09:36,071 --> 01:09:39,575 and that is our individual and collective responsibility. 886 01:09:39,775 --> 01:09:41,410 Thank you. 887 01:09:41,610 --> 01:09:49,785 (applause) 888 01:09:49,985 --> 01:09:55,958 (applause) 889 01:09:56,158 --> 01:09:59,962 (applause) 890 01:10:05,167 --> 01:10:12,775 ♪ 891 01:10:12,975 --> 01:10:17,346 ♪ 892 01:10:17,580 --> 01:10:20,683 - It's hard to get into the heads of killers and 893 01:10:20,916 --> 01:10:23,519 torturers because we don't share the same values. 894 01:10:26,255 --> 01:10:29,892 One of the reasons why these people can get away with it is 895 01:10:30,125 --> 01:10:33,495 because of the inaction of almost everybody else. 896 01:10:33,696 --> 01:10:36,832 Most people are good people by nature, but everybody is also 897 01:10:37,032 --> 01:10:40,369 risk averse, and it requires taking risk to stop 898 01:10:40,603 --> 01:10:42,471 these people. 899 01:11:14,136 --> 01:11:19,575 - I couldn't be silent. 900 01:11:19,808 --> 01:11:22,244 I don't know, it's just something inside you. 901 01:11:22,478 --> 01:11:27,082 And...I always was a very stubborn person. 902 01:11:27,316 --> 01:11:29,551 (laughs) 903 01:11:29,752 --> 01:11:33,889 I don't know, if me being stubborn or it was another 904 01:11:34,089 --> 01:11:37,626 thing, I...I never doubt giving up. 905 01:11:39,928 --> 01:11:42,297 - We said after seeing the Nazi concentration camps, 906 01:11:42,531 --> 01:11:44,767 "Never again." 907 01:11:47,236 --> 01:11:49,271 There are now Chinese concentration camps 908 01:11:49,505 --> 01:11:53,742 for a religious minority where millions of people are being 909 01:11:53,942 --> 01:11:56,912 killed and that needs to be reacted to in the most 910 01:11:57,112 --> 01:11:59,214 profound and serious way. 911 01:11:59,415 --> 01:12:06,155 - We get the U.K involved, get the French involved, get Sweden 912 01:12:06,388 --> 01:12:09,091 involved, that's Wallenberg's country of citizenship, so 913 01:12:09,291 --> 01:12:11,460 we can really internationalize the advocacy. 914 01:12:14,563 --> 01:12:18,434 - These political prisoners, if they could stand up and run 915 01:12:18,634 --> 01:12:21,603 the risk of torture and imprisonment, we, living 916 01:12:21,804 --> 01:12:25,641 in a free democracy, can certainly stand up and do 917 01:12:25,874 --> 01:12:29,178 our little bit to make this a better place and 918 01:12:29,411 --> 01:12:31,146 better the human condition.