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Downloaded from
YTS.MX

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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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♪♪

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-Fentanyl is safe, in my eyes,
compared to benzos and fent.

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♪♪

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People are dying without even
having tinfoil down, you know?

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They're taking a hoot
and they're just dead.

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♪♪

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-We've started to see tranq
come into the dope.

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People are getting
string injuries and wounds.

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You can see down to the muscle
tissue and the bone.

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Large abscesses and, like,
infections

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where they're injecting.

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-This tranq is intense.

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Like, you feel like
you're literally gonna die.

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-Do you feel any sense of
responsibility

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for some of these new chemicals

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that are kind of
replacing fentanyl?

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-No, no.

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We knew the traffickers
would continue to try.

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We want to absolutely prohibit

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all of these synthetics
from coming in.

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♪♪

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-The benzos are going to kill
a lot of people,

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and it already has.

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It's already started.

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-Why is this being
cut into everything?

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-Because it's so addicting.

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That's what everybody wants --

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that ultimate high.

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♪♪

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♪♪

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♪♪

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Human error that we make
costs lives.

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You can put one batch out and it
might kill a lot of people.

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♪♪

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[ Honks horn ]

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Back seat.

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My mom did the same trade
for many, many years.

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I was introduced to it
at a young age,

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and I just sort of
followed in her footsteps.

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And here I am.

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Everything changed when fentanyl
became the market.

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♪♪

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-Keisha's a drug dealer
who asked us to

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only use her first name.

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Over the 20 years
she's been selling,

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she's seen the supply
change dramatically.

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♪♪

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For the last decade,
both Canada and the U.S.

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have been ravaged by
an overdose crisis,

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largely fueled by
the synthetic opioid fentanyl.

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The pandemic made it worse
by disrupting the drug supply

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and cutting people off
from harm-reduction services.

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But the crisis is now reaching
another turning point.

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Chemicals made in labs
are infiltrating the drug supply

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and being combined with fentanyl

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to make something
more dangerous.

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And nowhere is this more evident
than in British Columbia.

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♪♪

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[ Blender whirring ]

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♪♪

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-You went from seeing
brown substance,

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which is heroin,
and then you're like,

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"Okay, what the...is this?"

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'Cause it's purple and blue
and pink

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and all these weird colors.

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Okay, so I just have to
wait until it settles.

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-Despite the shifting supply,
Keisha still sells fentanyl.

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She mixes it with
purple food coloring

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to differentiate it
from cocaine,

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and she cuts it with monk fruit,
an organic sweetener

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she says is safer than
other cutting agents.

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Still, it's not safe.

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Fentanyl is up to 50 times
more potent than heroin.

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It's been linked to at least
250,000 deaths

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in the U.S. and Canada.

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-The risk is extremely dangerous
every day.

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You know, anything can happen.

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See how there's, like,
smoke coming out?

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-Yeah.
-That's the dangerous

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part of it.
-Just because it's so potent?

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-Yeah, yeah.

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-When you think about fentanyl,
it's always in the abstract,

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and she's using, like,
just these normal kitchen tools

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and food coloring.
It's very, like, basic.

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♪♪

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Keisha cooks her fentanyl
every few days

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in a process that takes hours.

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-Yes.

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-She charges $10 a bag

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and can sell up to
five ounces in a day

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for as much as $15,000.

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-What I see is that people
need fentanyl more than heroin.

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Like, more frequently.
Like, heroin,

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you used to be able to
do a smash or, you know,

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do a couple points
and you'd be good all day

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and all night.
Well, people who use fent,

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they need it every, like,
three hours.

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-So it just doesn't last
as long?

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-Doesn't last as long.
Doesn't have legs.

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-To make the fentanyl's effects
last longer,

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other suppliers have been
cutting it

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with ultra-potent chemicals.

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One called etizolam is from
a family of sedatives

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called benzodiazepines.

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This cocktail is being sold as
benzo dope,

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a drug that's deadlier
and more addictive

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than the sum of its parts.

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In January, benzos were detected

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in more than half of
fatal overdoses.

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So, fentanyl hits the market,

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it's like the worst
overdose crisis

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we've ever seen, and now there's
benzos in the fentanyl.

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How has it changed things?

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-I've never seen
anything like it.

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I've seen people do hoots
and they're, like,

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literally, folded in half
on the ground for hours.

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They're gone for.

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The benzos are going to kill
a lot of people.

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And it already has.
It's already started.

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And everything is cut with it.

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Everything.

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It's very hard to find somebody
who you can trust

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to get just raw fent
and not cut with any benzos.

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Fentanyl is safe, in my eyes,
compared to benzos and fent.

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-That's a shocking statement,
though.

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For you to say that fentanyl,
which has killed thousands --

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hundreds of thousands
at this point --

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of people, and you're saying
that it's safe

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compared to this new dope
that you're seeing.

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-Yeah.

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Way, way, more safer.

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-Keisha considers herself
an ethical dealer

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because she doesn't cut benzos
into her fentanyl.

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Addiction specialists
have been advocating

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for keeping the drug supply safe
for years.

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They point to countries
like Switzerland,

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which created a prescription
heroin program

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to help curb overdose deaths,
and in the last few years,

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a handful of clinics
in British Columbia

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have taken safe supply
a step further,

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prescribing
medical-grade fentanyl

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for people severely addicted to
opioids.

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But these programs
can be hard to access.

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So Keisha says her customers
and friends rely on her

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for benzo-free fentanyl.

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-So, those are all marked,
and then what are these,

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half grams?
-Yep.

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-Okay.

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Well, tell them to...off.

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-Okay, what I'm looking at,
you wouldn't be able to know

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that there was benzos
in here or not.

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They've put in different colors,
but there's no way

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that you could tell that
you have benzos in it unless,

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you know, someone told you.

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People would mark their drugs
with different colors,

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so, you know,
all the purple stuff is good

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or the, you know,
green stuff is good.

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Problem with that is
other people would hear

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what's good on the street
and then they would --

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-They would mark it.
Somebody overdosed on it,

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they want it.
-They want it.

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And, you know --
-It just keeps getting stronger

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and stronger because of
the benzos in it.

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Now guys, if you give them dope
without benzos in it,

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they don't even get unsick.
-Oh, yeah.

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-So it's no good.
They could smoke that shit

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all day, but once you get
the benzos in it,

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they love it.

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But it makes them
forget everything.

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-Yeah.
-Just gives them, like, amnesia.

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Nobody remembers
where they put their dope.

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Everybody loses everything.
Everybody gets robbed.

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Good for people that sell dope,
though,

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because they always got to
come back.

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-Okay,
and then these are halves.

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-Okay.

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-Keisha's house is a place for
her customers to come and go,

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using her drugs there.

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She has naloxone on hand
and says she's used it

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to reverse
hundreds of overdoses.

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She lets people stay there.

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Some of them are trying to
wean off benzo dope,

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and she's picked people up
off the street

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who look like they need help.

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They just found this young girl
and she's, like, 19.

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She was outside of a hotel
at night, freezing cold.

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They brought her in,
and she's hooked on benzo dope,

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so they're trying to give her

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some of Keisha's fentanyl
instead.

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She seems really freaked out.

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She just keeps shaking,
and she's just really jumpy.

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She's talking to herself a lot.

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She just seems very scared.

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Not everyone Keisha offers to
help gets off benzo dope.

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♪♪

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-Do you have any of
the gray stuff on you?

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-Pink stuff is what I was
more shooting at.

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That pink shit rocks you.

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-One of her friends, Gord,
is dependent on benzo dope.

202
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-This is dangerous shit.
Listen to me.

203
00:09:07,255 --> 00:09:09,215
-Yeah.
-I'm not even kidding.

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-This right here
is a pink right here.

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This seems to be the higher
kind of benzo shit

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out there right now.

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This is the dropper, man.

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-It sure runs on the tinfoil
real fast, eh?

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-Jumps around a lot.

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-Phew, you can smell that shit.

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-People are dying without even
having the tinfoil down,

212
00:09:42,665 --> 00:09:43,750
you know?
They're taking a hoot

213
00:09:43,750 --> 00:09:45,835
and they're just dead.

214
00:09:45,835 --> 00:09:48,755
Gord, wake up.

215
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Come on.
-Cuz.

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00:09:50,632 --> 00:09:51,841
-Gordo.

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00:09:51,841 --> 00:09:53,343
-Cuz.
-I am.

218
00:09:53,343 --> 00:09:55,011
-Okay, get up.

219
00:09:55,011 --> 00:09:57,430
-You can't even tell
if they're actually going down

220
00:09:57,430 --> 00:10:01,601
because they're still talking to
you and then they're going out.

221
00:10:01,601 --> 00:10:03,186
Gordo.

222
00:10:03,186 --> 00:10:05,939
It's getting a little funky.

223
00:10:05,939 --> 00:10:09,025
-You go from, like,
this normal skin tone

224
00:10:09,025 --> 00:10:13,988
to, like, a white, like,
light blue, and then you're --

225
00:10:13,988 --> 00:10:16,950
and it's like the life
is being sucked out of you.

226
00:10:16,950 --> 00:10:19,452
-Where's the Narcan kit?

227
00:10:19,452 --> 00:10:21,704
Gord, wake up
or I'm gonna Narcan you.

228
00:10:24,582 --> 00:10:26,042
They call it robbery dope.

229
00:10:26,042 --> 00:10:27,210
You can given somebody a hoot

230
00:10:27,210 --> 00:10:28,586
and you don't even have to
rob them.

231
00:10:28,586 --> 00:10:31,589
You just let them do a hoot
and they're out.

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00:10:31,589 --> 00:10:33,424
Gord.

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00:10:33,424 --> 00:10:35,677
Gord.

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00:10:35,677 --> 00:10:38,054
-My sister died here,

235
00:10:38,054 --> 00:10:42,684
and I-I just can't deal with --
like, I flip right out,

236
00:10:42,684 --> 00:10:46,396
and I kind of --
like, it's really hard for me.

237
00:10:46,396 --> 00:10:49,315
I just want to help,
and I don't know what to do.

238
00:10:49,315 --> 00:10:51,067
-Gord, do you need
some naloxone or what?

239
00:10:51,067 --> 00:10:52,777
-No.
-Okay.

240
00:10:52,777 --> 00:10:54,946
Are you hungry? Did you eat?

241
00:10:54,946 --> 00:10:56,030
Did you eat?

242
00:10:56,030 --> 00:10:57,365
-No.

243
00:10:57,365 --> 00:10:59,909
-They just become, like,
zombies almost.

244
00:10:59,909 --> 00:11:03,621
Like, they're just there.

245
00:11:03,621 --> 00:11:06,082
Benzos are just insane.

246
00:11:06,082 --> 00:11:08,751
It's scary shit.

247
00:11:08,751 --> 00:11:13,006
♪♪

248
00:11:13,006 --> 00:11:16,843
-They can try and justify that
they're selling a better dope,

249
00:11:16,843 --> 00:11:20,180
but at the end of the day,
they're still dealing death.

250
00:11:20,180 --> 00:11:21,890
They're still
ripping families apart

251
00:11:21,890 --> 00:11:24,142
and they're still
burying people.

252
00:11:24,142 --> 00:11:31,024
♪♪

253
00:11:39,949 --> 00:11:46,039
♪♪

254
00:11:46,039 --> 00:11:52,128
♪♪

255
00:11:52,128 --> 00:11:53,838
-The other night
was pretty intense.

256
00:11:53,838 --> 00:11:56,257
It looked like Gord
was going to overdose,

257
00:11:56,257 --> 00:11:59,135
so we're checking in on him
to see if he's okay.

258
00:11:59,135 --> 00:12:02,764
♪♪

259
00:12:02,764 --> 00:12:04,182
How are you feeling today?

260
00:12:04,182 --> 00:12:06,100
-Pretty tired from yesterday.

261
00:12:06,100 --> 00:12:07,936
-I do want to talk more
about what happened,

262
00:12:07,936 --> 00:12:10,521
because, yeah,
it was pretty intense.

263
00:12:10,521 --> 00:12:12,231
-Yeah. I don't even remember.

264
00:12:12,231 --> 00:12:13,274
-You don't?
-Nothing.

265
00:12:13,274 --> 00:12:14,692
-Okay.
-I don't remember anything.

266
00:12:14,692 --> 00:12:16,986
-Do you remember, like, us --
me being here?

267
00:12:16,986 --> 00:12:19,989
-Yeah, I remember you being
here, and I remember talking to

268
00:12:19,989 --> 00:12:22,867
you and I remember doing, like,
putting some on the foil

269
00:12:22,867 --> 00:12:25,828
and smoked a little bit,
and then that's it.

270
00:12:25,828 --> 00:12:27,830
-That's it?
-Yeah, I don't remember, like,

271
00:12:27,830 --> 00:12:29,499
what happened after that.

272
00:12:29,499 --> 00:12:31,251
-You know,
your cousin was saying that

273
00:12:31,251 --> 00:12:33,544
she's worried that
you might die.

274
00:12:33,544 --> 00:12:35,088
-Yeah, I know.

275
00:12:35,088 --> 00:12:37,173
She has been for a while.

276
00:12:37,173 --> 00:12:39,801
-What do you think's going to
happen with you

277
00:12:39,801 --> 00:12:42,303
in the next, like,
couple months?

278
00:12:42,303 --> 00:12:44,847
-I think that I'll probably die.

279
00:12:44,847 --> 00:12:46,683
-You do?
-Maybe, yeah.

280
00:12:46,683 --> 00:12:50,019
Like, if I make it to 40,
I'll be surprised.

281
00:12:50,019 --> 00:12:54,023
Like, I'm 39 now,
and I'll be 40 in May.

282
00:12:54,023 --> 00:12:56,526
I'd be pretty surprised.

283
00:12:56,526 --> 00:13:00,238
Most people I know
make it to 27,

284
00:13:00,238 --> 00:13:03,866
28, 29, 30, around there, right?

285
00:13:03,866 --> 00:13:06,577
I know someone that dies
every day almost.

286
00:13:06,577 --> 00:13:09,455
♪♪

287
00:13:09,455 --> 00:13:11,874
-There's a generation of
young drug users

288
00:13:11,874 --> 00:13:14,836
who only know the new reality
of a supply

289
00:13:14,836 --> 00:13:17,588
with potent synthetic drugs.

290
00:13:17,588 --> 00:13:20,258
There's been a jump
in teen overdose deaths,

291
00:13:20,258 --> 00:13:24,470
both in British Columbia
and in the U.S.

292
00:13:26,681 --> 00:13:29,392
[ Sirens wailing in distance ]

293
00:13:31,019 --> 00:13:33,271
-My ex was so addicted to
benzos,

294
00:13:33,271 --> 00:13:35,565
I constantly had to smoke it,
and I'm trying to

295
00:13:35,565 --> 00:13:36,983
get over it now...
-Yeah.

296
00:13:36,983 --> 00:13:39,485
-...but I'm addicted to the non,

297
00:13:39,485 --> 00:13:42,405
and I'm trying really hard
to get over it.

298
00:13:42,405 --> 00:13:45,074
-When did you tell that there
was something off with the dope?

299
00:13:45,074 --> 00:13:47,368
-I figured out there was
something wrong with the dope

300
00:13:47,368 --> 00:13:51,914
when I was given one hoot
and I woke up the next morning

301
00:13:51,914 --> 00:13:53,332
with my pants around my ankles.

302
00:13:53,332 --> 00:13:55,585
-Oh, Jesus.
-And I realized if I was raped

303
00:13:55,585 --> 00:13:58,171
and I didn't wake up and,
you know, I just --

304
00:13:58,171 --> 00:14:00,715
not through any of it.
I should have woken up.

305
00:14:00,715 --> 00:14:02,008
Especially if it was
normal dope,

306
00:14:02,008 --> 00:14:04,635
I still would have woken up.

307
00:14:04,635 --> 00:14:08,056
-Carrie began using heroin
when she was 13.

308
00:14:08,056 --> 00:14:12,101
Three years later,
she's addicted to benzo dope.

309
00:14:12,101 --> 00:14:16,731
-I have had a lot of pain
and trauma in my life, a lot.

310
00:14:16,731 --> 00:14:19,734
And it just...

311
00:14:19,734 --> 00:14:22,070
um...

312
00:14:25,948 --> 00:14:28,451
I'm sorry.
[ Sniffles ]

313
00:14:28,451 --> 00:14:32,455
A lot of my trauma and pain
could have been prevented

314
00:14:32,455 --> 00:14:35,917
if I didn't make the choices
that I made,

315
00:14:35,917 --> 00:14:39,962
and I just want, like,

316
00:14:39,962 --> 00:14:43,466
to share my story and stuff
to prevent a lot of other girls

317
00:14:43,466 --> 00:14:47,011
from either going through that
or girls who have experienced it

318
00:14:47,011 --> 00:14:48,971
so they know they're not alone,

319
00:14:48,971 --> 00:14:51,557
and that they can
get through it.

320
00:14:51,557 --> 00:14:53,309
-Can you tell
when there's a difference

321
00:14:53,309 --> 00:14:57,563
between the benzo dope
and then the other dope?

322
00:14:57,563 --> 00:15:00,316
-I can see a big difference.

323
00:15:00,316 --> 00:15:03,861
It's like you smoke a good
amount, and then after a while,

324
00:15:03,861 --> 00:15:06,531
you kind of start to nod,
and benzos,

325
00:15:06,531 --> 00:15:08,157
you don't even get to blow
that out yet

326
00:15:08,157 --> 00:15:10,993
and your face is already
in the ground.

327
00:15:10,993 --> 00:15:12,412
-Have you overdosed?

328
00:15:12,412 --> 00:15:14,330
-Oh, yeah.
-Like, how many times?

329
00:15:14,330 --> 00:15:16,833
-Many. I don't remember.

330
00:15:16,833 --> 00:15:20,670
♪♪

331
00:15:20,670 --> 00:15:24,257
-Carrie moved out of
her mom's house in November

332
00:15:24,257 --> 00:15:26,342
after her mom told her
she couldn't stay

333
00:15:26,342 --> 00:15:28,344
if she kept using drugs.

334
00:15:28,344 --> 00:15:31,973
She's been homeless
and couch hopping since.

335
00:15:31,973 --> 00:15:34,267
Carrie's dad says that sometimes

336
00:15:34,267 --> 00:15:37,395
he goes weeks
without hearing from her.

337
00:15:37,395 --> 00:15:40,189
When's the last time
you saw Carrie?

338
00:15:40,189 --> 00:15:42,692
-Two or three weeks ago.

339
00:15:42,692 --> 00:15:46,863
Met her at McDonald's,
bought her a coffee.

340
00:15:46,863 --> 00:15:48,906
Had a nice little talk.

341
00:15:48,906 --> 00:15:51,284
Got to hear "I love you."

342
00:15:51,284 --> 00:15:55,246
Um, but it's a shell.

343
00:15:55,246 --> 00:15:57,248
It's not my daughter.

344
00:15:57,248 --> 00:15:58,708
It's the shell of her.

345
00:15:58,708 --> 00:16:00,501
It's not who I used to know.

346
00:16:02,670 --> 00:16:05,047
I've got four biological kids.

347
00:16:05,047 --> 00:16:06,883
Three of them are stuck
in addiction.

348
00:16:06,883 --> 00:16:10,636
There is no norm in my life.

349
00:16:10,636 --> 00:16:12,013
There's no normal Christmas.

350
00:16:12,013 --> 00:16:13,347
There's no normal
family dinners.

351
00:16:13,347 --> 00:16:16,058
There's no normal Thanksgiving.

352
00:16:16,058 --> 00:16:20,563
You can't bring any of them into
the house because they take.

353
00:16:20,563 --> 00:16:23,900
And I understand
it's a survival mode.

354
00:16:23,900 --> 00:16:25,234
Doesn't make it right.

355
00:16:25,234 --> 00:16:27,236
-Have you noticed a difference

356
00:16:27,236 --> 00:16:29,572
in how Carrie's been
in the last couple years

357
00:16:29,572 --> 00:16:31,991
since she started using
benzo dope?

358
00:16:31,991 --> 00:16:37,246
-I see weight loss to the point
of serious concern.

359
00:16:37,246 --> 00:16:39,916
I recognize her physically,

360
00:16:39,916 --> 00:16:41,709
but there's no emotion
that I recognize.

361
00:16:41,709 --> 00:16:43,836
That's not my child anymore.

362
00:16:43,836 --> 00:16:46,631
I don't know if any of
my three kids have died

363
00:16:46,631 --> 00:16:48,341
in the last 20 minutes.

364
00:16:48,341 --> 00:16:50,384
That's reality. I don't.

365
00:16:50,384 --> 00:16:53,137
I know they have not died
24 hours ago because the police

366
00:16:53,137 --> 00:16:55,681
have not phoned me
to identify a body.

367
00:16:55,681 --> 00:16:58,434
But that thought goes through
my mind every day

368
00:16:58,434 --> 00:16:59,894
for all three of my kids.

369
00:16:59,894 --> 00:17:02,647
-And what is that like
for you as a dad?

370
00:17:05,650 --> 00:17:07,443
-[ Voice breaking ] Kills you.

371
00:17:09,278 --> 00:17:12,406
The biggest fear is the death.

372
00:17:12,406 --> 00:17:15,409
Her elder sister,
between 8 and 12 times,

373
00:17:15,409 --> 00:17:17,495
I've gone to
the Abbottsford Hospital

374
00:17:17,495 --> 00:17:20,122
for overdose,
and when you look at your child

375
00:17:20,122 --> 00:17:23,584
and zero response,
you wonder if the next time

376
00:17:23,584 --> 00:17:25,836
you're looking at her
is to identify them.

377
00:17:25,836 --> 00:17:27,964
♪♪

378
00:17:27,964 --> 00:17:31,968
-So, we have spent some time
with dealers, you know,

379
00:17:31,968 --> 00:17:34,512
around Abbottsford
who are selling

380
00:17:34,512 --> 00:17:38,474
a version of fentanyl
that they say is not as toxic

381
00:17:38,474 --> 00:17:40,977
as the benzo dope
and some of these newer drugs

382
00:17:40,977 --> 00:17:44,021
that are kind of
hitting the market now.

383
00:17:44,021 --> 00:17:46,565
What do you make of that?

384
00:17:46,565 --> 00:17:50,319
-They can try and justify that
they're selling a better dope,

385
00:17:50,319 --> 00:17:52,321
a cleaner dope.

386
00:17:52,321 --> 00:17:54,407
Death is still death.

387
00:17:54,407 --> 00:17:56,784
Fentanyl has killed,
has taken lives.

388
00:17:56,784 --> 00:18:00,746
Every person that sells fentanyl

389
00:18:00,746 --> 00:18:03,332
should be charged with murder.

390
00:18:03,332 --> 00:18:06,168
Somebody has died because of
what they have sold.

391
00:18:06,168 --> 00:18:08,212
They're justifying
in their own mind

392
00:18:08,212 --> 00:18:09,839
why they're doing
what they're doing.

393
00:18:09,839 --> 00:18:13,217
But at the end of the day,
they're still dealing death.

394
00:18:13,217 --> 00:18:14,885
They're still
ripping families apart

395
00:18:14,885 --> 00:18:16,470
and they're still
burying people.

396
00:18:16,470 --> 00:18:24,895
♪♪

397
00:18:24,895 --> 00:18:28,232
-Can you describe the extent of
some of these wounds?

398
00:18:28,232 --> 00:18:30,151
Like, they seem very serious.

399
00:18:30,151 --> 00:18:32,194
-Some of them are open,
they're gaping,

400
00:18:32,194 --> 00:18:33,821
there's tissue exposed.

401
00:18:33,821 --> 00:18:35,990
And some of it's down to
the bone.

402
00:18:35,990 --> 00:18:38,534
Some of them just look like
small open sores

403
00:18:38,534 --> 00:18:40,494
on the skin all over.

404
00:18:40,494 --> 00:18:42,038
It can be on their hands,
on their neck,

405
00:18:42,038 --> 00:18:45,333
and on their face,
and it's going untreated.

406
00:18:45,333 --> 00:18:54,967
♪♪

407
00:19:00,973 --> 00:19:06,854
♪♪

408
00:19:06,854 --> 00:19:09,273
-Drugs mixed with fentanyl
aren't the only thing

409
00:19:09,273 --> 00:19:14,195
making this latest wave of
the overdose crisis so deadly.

410
00:19:14,195 --> 00:19:17,615
Black market chemists are
creating designer drugs in labs,

411
00:19:17,615 --> 00:19:20,576
manufactured to mimic the
effects of traditional drugs

412
00:19:20,576 --> 00:19:23,913
while stopping just short of
breaking the law.

413
00:19:23,913 --> 00:19:27,249
Data exclusively shared
with VICE News shows powerful

414
00:19:27,249 --> 00:19:31,128
substances showing up in
the U.S.'s illegal supply.

415
00:19:31,128 --> 00:19:34,632
A new stimulant that can kill
you is being sold as Molly

416
00:19:34,632 --> 00:19:37,343
and ecstasy in nine U.S. states.

417
00:19:37,343 --> 00:19:41,097
A synthetic cannabinoid that can
put you in a coma or kill you

418
00:19:41,097 --> 00:19:44,141
has been found in 13 states.

419
00:19:44,141 --> 00:19:47,686
And a synthetic opioid
20 times stronger than fentanyl

420
00:19:47,686 --> 00:19:50,648
is being sold as dope
in 20 states.

421
00:19:50,648 --> 00:19:53,693
♪♪

422
00:19:53,693 --> 00:19:56,862
-So early on,
the opioid crisis was linked to

423
00:19:56,862 --> 00:20:00,408
prescription opioid tablets
that then sort of

424
00:20:00,408 --> 00:20:03,702
evolved into the heroin period.

425
00:20:03,702 --> 00:20:06,163
That heroin period then evolved
into what was considered

426
00:20:06,163 --> 00:20:08,082
the third wave
or the fentanyl wave.

427
00:20:08,082 --> 00:20:10,084
I think it's very clear now
that we have entered

428
00:20:10,084 --> 00:20:12,211
this poly-drug wave
when you have fentanyl

429
00:20:12,211 --> 00:20:13,838
being mixed with
other stimulants

430
00:20:13,838 --> 00:20:16,340
or benzodiazepines
or other drugs.

431
00:20:16,340 --> 00:20:19,260
-These new drugs are all
being tracked and monitored

432
00:20:19,260 --> 00:20:22,638
by Alex Krotulski,
a forensic toxicologist

433
00:20:22,638 --> 00:20:25,182
at NPS Discovery.

434
00:20:25,182 --> 00:20:28,394
Over the past four years,
his program has identified

435
00:20:28,394 --> 00:20:30,980
over 100 new drugs in the U.S.,

436
00:20:30,980 --> 00:20:34,525
more than 30
in the last 12 months.

437
00:20:34,525 --> 00:20:36,944
-What we've seen is that
when the DEA generally schedules

438
00:20:36,944 --> 00:20:39,238
a drug or a class,
it does go away.

439
00:20:39,238 --> 00:20:44,201
However, that opens the door for
a new drug to take its place.

440
00:20:44,201 --> 00:20:48,080
-I've heard this sort of race
to keep track of

441
00:20:48,080 --> 00:20:49,748
all these different drugs
described as

442
00:20:49,748 --> 00:20:53,419
a game of Whac-A-Mole, where
new ones just keep popping up.

443
00:20:53,419 --> 00:20:55,588
Is that an assessment
you would agree with?

444
00:20:55,588 --> 00:20:57,423
-Synthetic drugs,
it does feel like a bit of

445
00:20:57,423 --> 00:20:58,799
a game of Whac-A-Mole.

446
00:20:58,799 --> 00:21:01,051
We generally understand
that they may go away,

447
00:21:01,051 --> 00:21:02,720
but it's really hard to predict
the next thing

448
00:21:02,720 --> 00:21:04,388
that's going to come.

449
00:21:04,388 --> 00:21:06,390
-To find the new
synthetic drugs,

450
00:21:06,390 --> 00:21:08,726
Alex and his team get
street samples

451
00:21:08,726 --> 00:21:11,896
from medical examiners,
coroner's offices,

452
00:21:11,896 --> 00:21:15,149
crime labs,
and other public agencies.

453
00:21:15,149 --> 00:21:18,110
-So these are heroin packets
that were sent to us.

454
00:21:18,110 --> 00:21:20,279
Knowing that it's
from Philadelphia

455
00:21:20,279 --> 00:21:21,906
and knowing our history,
I would assume

456
00:21:21,906 --> 00:21:23,908
that it has fentanyl
and xylazine.

457
00:21:23,908 --> 00:21:26,076
♪♪

458
00:21:26,076 --> 00:21:30,247
-Xylazine is a tranquilizer
most commonly used on horses,

459
00:21:30,247 --> 00:21:31,582
but it's now being used

460
00:21:31,582 --> 00:21:34,835
to make the effects of fentanyl
last longer.

461
00:21:34,835 --> 00:21:38,797
Like benzos, it knocks out users
for hours at a time

462
00:21:38,797 --> 00:21:41,217
and doesn't respondent
to naloxone,

463
00:21:41,217 --> 00:21:43,385
which makes identifying it
in the supply

464
00:21:43,385 --> 00:21:47,181
all the more important
for scientists like Krotulski.

465
00:21:47,181 --> 00:21:50,601
-Each drug has their sort of own
fingerprint associated with it,

466
00:21:50,601 --> 00:21:53,145
so it will pair up
the chemical fingerprint

467
00:21:53,145 --> 00:21:55,648
of the drugs in our sample
with a chemical fingerprint

468
00:21:55,648 --> 00:21:57,983
of the drugs
in our library database.

469
00:21:57,983 --> 00:22:00,653
So, this is an example of
a powder that contains xylazine.

470
00:22:00,653 --> 00:22:03,781
So you have this big
xylazine peak right here,

471
00:22:03,781 --> 00:22:07,284
which, again, matches
to our library against xylazine,

472
00:22:07,284 --> 00:22:10,788
and then a fentanyl peak
over here.

473
00:22:10,788 --> 00:22:12,706
So this is what
we very commonly see

474
00:22:12,706 --> 00:22:15,125
in samples from Philadelphia.

475
00:22:15,125 --> 00:22:18,587
-So, this one has more xylazine
than fentanyl.

476
00:22:18,587 --> 00:22:22,550
-So there's 24 times the amount
of xylazine to fentanyl in here.

477
00:22:22,550 --> 00:22:24,134
It's a massive amount, and we --

478
00:22:24,134 --> 00:22:26,470
Unfortunately, this is
not uncommon for us to see.

479
00:22:26,470 --> 00:22:29,014
We do see very, very large
amounts of xylazine

480
00:22:29,014 --> 00:22:31,141
compared to fentanyl.

481
00:22:31,141 --> 00:22:34,478
-Xylazine has been detected
in at least 10 states

482
00:22:34,478 --> 00:22:37,022
but is most prevalent
in Pennsylvania,

483
00:22:37,022 --> 00:22:38,816
where in 2020, it was found

484
00:22:38,816 --> 00:22:42,528
in 1/4 of all of Philadelphia's
fatal overdoses,

485
00:22:42,528 --> 00:22:45,781
a 19% jump from 2019.

486
00:22:45,781 --> 00:22:47,241
Why do you think the xylazine

487
00:22:47,241 --> 00:22:51,412
has infiltrated the fentanyl
supply in Philly to this degree?

488
00:22:51,412 --> 00:22:52,872
-I wish I had an answer.

489
00:22:52,872 --> 00:22:54,665
I think that's sort of,
in some parts,

490
00:22:54,665 --> 00:22:56,166
the million-dollar
question right now.

491
00:22:56,166 --> 00:22:59,336
It's been extremely
surprising to me

492
00:22:59,336 --> 00:23:01,130
how long xylazine
has stayed around

493
00:23:01,130 --> 00:23:05,384
and how ubiquitous it now is in
the Philadelphia opioid supply.

494
00:23:05,384 --> 00:23:10,681
♪♪

495
00:23:10,681 --> 00:23:14,560
-Fentanyl cut with xylazine
is called tranq or tranq dope.

496
00:23:14,560 --> 00:23:19,356
Its impact in Philadelphia
is most evident in Kensington.

497
00:23:19,356 --> 00:23:22,610
The neighborhood's commonly
called an open-air drug market,

498
00:23:22,610 --> 00:23:25,404
because people buy, sell,
and use drugs like tranq

499
00:23:25,404 --> 00:23:28,449
right on the street.

500
00:23:28,449 --> 00:23:31,327
We have eight tables today.

501
00:23:31,327 --> 00:23:33,912
Table one, Narcan,
fentanyl test strips,

502
00:23:33,912 --> 00:23:36,874
water, hand sanitizer, masks.

503
00:23:36,874 --> 00:23:40,377
-Five years ago, Sarah Laurel
founded Savage Sisters,

504
00:23:40,377 --> 00:23:44,214
an organization that runs sober
living homes, needle exchanges,

505
00:23:44,214 --> 00:23:45,841
and naloxone trainings.

506
00:23:45,841 --> 00:23:47,551
-I ask that you just
be really mindful

507
00:23:47,551 --> 00:23:49,928
that we are walking into
their territory.

508
00:23:49,928 --> 00:23:51,513
This is their space.

509
00:23:51,513 --> 00:23:53,974
And we want to meet them with
love and light and kindness.

510
00:23:53,974 --> 00:23:56,060
We're giving them everything
that we can for free.

511
00:23:56,060 --> 00:23:57,519
We're here to help.

512
00:23:57,519 --> 00:24:00,189
And let's go serve our beautiful
friends in Kensington.

513
00:24:00,189 --> 00:24:02,691
Yes.
[ Cheers and applause ]

514
00:24:02,691 --> 00:24:06,070
♪♪

515
00:24:06,070 --> 00:24:09,907
-When I was getting high,
it was just fentanyl and heroin.

516
00:24:09,907 --> 00:24:14,078
And recently, they've been
putting tranquilizer in it.

517
00:24:14,078 --> 00:24:16,580
And it is so dangerous,

518
00:24:16,580 --> 00:24:20,709
because people are getting a lot
of open wounds on their skin.

519
00:24:20,709 --> 00:24:22,086
They're getting infections.

520
00:24:22,086 --> 00:24:24,171
They're continuously
injecting it.

521
00:24:24,171 --> 00:24:26,590
They look like
they are not alive.

522
00:24:26,590 --> 00:24:32,346
♪♪

523
00:24:32,346 --> 00:24:35,557
We are heading to
McPherson Square Park,

524
00:24:35,557 --> 00:24:39,603
known on the streets
as Needle Park.

525
00:24:39,603 --> 00:24:43,607
It's where we do our outreach
every week,

526
00:24:43,607 --> 00:24:48,696
and it's where a lot of my
friends are currently homeless.

527
00:24:48,696 --> 00:24:53,951
♪♪

528
00:24:53,951 --> 00:24:56,912
-Last year, Philadelphia's
health department reported

529
00:24:56,912 --> 00:25:02,084
that 91% of heroin and fentanyl
samples also had xylazine.

530
00:25:02,084 --> 00:25:04,878
♪♪

531
00:25:04,878 --> 00:25:08,424
-There's people in this park
that need help.

532
00:25:08,424 --> 00:25:11,802
But I want to let you know
that if you a user,

533
00:25:11,802 --> 00:25:14,722
if you on heroin
or you on fentanyl,

534
00:25:14,722 --> 00:25:17,808
then please get off that,
'cause it is going to kill you.

535
00:25:17,808 --> 00:25:20,978
-We're in Kensington
with Savage Sisters.

536
00:25:20,978 --> 00:25:24,523
They have set up tents to help
people who are using tranq

537
00:25:24,523 --> 00:25:25,983
with their wounds.

538
00:25:25,983 --> 00:25:28,152
I've seen people
with missing fingers,

539
00:25:28,152 --> 00:25:32,322
with blackened skin,
really serious lesions.

540
00:25:32,322 --> 00:25:36,535
-Some of this are cuts, and some
is just really dry blood.

541
00:25:36,535 --> 00:25:38,954
Do you shoot up in your hands?

542
00:25:38,954 --> 00:25:41,331
Alright, well,
for the time being,

543
00:25:41,331 --> 00:25:43,167
I know it's easier
said than done,

544
00:25:43,167 --> 00:25:46,670
because wherever you find one,
you want to use it,

545
00:25:46,670 --> 00:25:50,007
but try not your hands, okay?
'Cause your hands are --

546
00:25:50,007 --> 00:25:53,385
Your hands are
a little beat up, babe.

547
00:25:53,385 --> 00:25:56,597
-Can you describe the extent
of some of these wounds?

548
00:25:56,597 --> 00:25:58,515
Like, they seem very serious.

549
00:25:58,515 --> 00:26:00,517
-Some of them are open.
They're gaping.

550
00:26:00,517 --> 00:26:02,019
There's tissue exposed.

551
00:26:02,019 --> 00:26:04,229
Some of it's down to the bone.

552
00:26:04,229 --> 00:26:05,689
Some of them just look like

553
00:26:05,689 --> 00:26:08,817
small, open sores
on the skin all over.

554
00:26:08,817 --> 00:26:11,445
It can be on their hands, on
their neck, and on their face.

555
00:26:11,445 --> 00:26:14,698
And it's going untreated.

556
00:26:14,698 --> 00:26:16,200
We see a lot of people

557
00:26:16,200 --> 00:26:18,952
that are having to lose limbs
because of it.

558
00:26:18,952 --> 00:26:20,287
And then we see
other individuals

559
00:26:20,287 --> 00:26:24,291
that maybe haven't lost it yet
but most likely will.

560
00:26:24,291 --> 00:26:25,918
-Let me take a look at you, hon.

561
00:26:25,918 --> 00:26:28,337
You want me to clean that up
a little bit?

562
00:26:28,337 --> 00:26:30,714
♪♪

563
00:26:30,714 --> 00:26:32,132
Can I see that finger
over there?

564
00:26:32,132 --> 00:26:34,301
Want me to get that
cleaned up a little?

565
00:26:34,301 --> 00:26:35,719
Boy, this is angry.

566
00:26:35,719 --> 00:26:37,888
You need to be on an antibiotic
or something.

567
00:26:37,888 --> 00:26:41,391
I mean, you don't want to lose
more of your finger, right?

568
00:26:41,391 --> 00:26:44,520
You get yourself to that
emergency room, okay, tomorrow?

569
00:26:44,520 --> 00:26:46,271
-Thank you.

570
00:26:46,271 --> 00:26:51,568
♪♪

571
00:26:51,568 --> 00:26:53,403
-What's happening
with your hands?

572
00:26:53,403 --> 00:26:55,531
-Abscesses caused by

573
00:26:55,531 --> 00:26:57,658
whatever they're putting
within the drugs, right,

574
00:26:57,658 --> 00:27:01,245
is coming out
just about anywhere in the body.

575
00:27:01,245 --> 00:27:03,080
You know, I never shoot up
in my hands,

576
00:27:03,080 --> 00:27:06,250
but yet I get abscesses
in my knuckles,

577
00:27:06,250 --> 00:27:08,252
in my tips of my fingers.

578
00:27:08,252 --> 00:27:11,004
-Do you have
these types of abscesses

579
00:27:11,004 --> 00:27:12,589
in other parts of your body?

580
00:27:12,589 --> 00:27:14,675
-Lot of it's internal.

581
00:27:14,675 --> 00:27:15,843
-A lot of internal?

582
00:27:15,843 --> 00:27:17,928
-Yeah, a lot of
internal abscesses, right.

583
00:27:17,928 --> 00:27:20,430
-You lost
your other finger, right?

584
00:27:20,430 --> 00:27:22,558
-Exactly. That was
because of tranq.

585
00:27:22,558 --> 00:27:23,934
Got infected.

586
00:27:23,934 --> 00:27:27,229
And the treatments
wasn't working.

587
00:27:27,229 --> 00:27:30,899
And eventually, it just, like,
died, turned pure white.

588
00:27:30,899 --> 00:27:34,194
-Do you think that you might
lose that finger?

589
00:27:34,194 --> 00:27:35,863
-Yeah.

590
00:27:35,863 --> 00:27:40,075
♪♪

591
00:27:40,075 --> 00:27:42,202
-While some try to avoid tranq,

592
00:27:42,202 --> 00:27:45,914
others, like Sam Brennan,
need it.

593
00:27:45,914 --> 00:27:48,375
How was the high different
from the fentanyl?

594
00:27:48,375 --> 00:27:50,002
-It's really not even,
like, a high.

595
00:27:50,002 --> 00:27:52,629
It's like, you do it,
and you go out.

596
00:27:52,629 --> 00:27:54,131
You don't remember going out,

597
00:27:54,131 --> 00:27:56,341
and you wake up,
and you're sick.

598
00:27:56,341 --> 00:27:58,468
And it's that quickly.

599
00:27:58,468 --> 00:28:02,097
And it's a way more intense
sickness than fentanyl was.

600
00:28:02,097 --> 00:28:04,808
Like, it went --
Brown dope was, like, hardly --

601
00:28:04,808 --> 00:28:07,102
Like, you're hardly
getting sick from that.

602
00:28:07,102 --> 00:28:08,896
That was, like, nothing.

603
00:28:08,896 --> 00:28:11,356
Fentanyl was a little bit worse.

604
00:28:11,356 --> 00:28:13,901
But this tranq is intense.

605
00:28:13,901 --> 00:28:17,154
Like, you feel like
you're literally going to die.

606
00:28:17,154 --> 00:28:19,615
-You've got sort of a cut
on your neck.

607
00:28:19,615 --> 00:28:22,367
-Yeah. It's --

608
00:28:22,367 --> 00:28:23,869
-It looks painful.

609
00:28:23,869 --> 00:28:29,666
-Yes, it's from interjecting
with the xylazine, the tranq.

610
00:28:29,666 --> 00:28:34,713
♪♪

611
00:28:34,713 --> 00:28:39,176
Sometimes I muscle pop,
intramuscular,

612
00:28:39,176 --> 00:28:41,094
because this hurts so bad.

613
00:28:41,094 --> 00:28:43,972
But when I intramuscular it,
whatever's in it,

614
00:28:43,972 --> 00:28:48,602
it's making those lesions,
and I get holes,

615
00:28:48,602 --> 00:28:53,273
and it just, like,
eats away at your skin.

616
00:28:53,273 --> 00:28:55,400
It's, like, not even about
getting high anymore.

617
00:28:55,400 --> 00:28:57,402
It's about not being sick.

618
00:28:57,402 --> 00:28:59,988
[ Sniffing ]

619
00:28:59,988 --> 00:29:03,700
♪♪

620
00:29:03,700 --> 00:29:06,662
-See, it looks like we have
about 700 advertisements

621
00:29:06,662 --> 00:29:09,873
right now
from 109 different suppliers.

622
00:29:09,873 --> 00:29:11,166
-Wow.

623
00:29:11,166 --> 00:29:12,209
Wow.
-Yeah.

624
00:29:12,209 --> 00:29:13,710
-109 suppliers.

625
00:29:13,710 --> 00:29:15,212
-Yeah.
-Just on this one site?

626
00:29:15,212 --> 00:29:16,838
-Just on this one site.

627
00:29:16,838 --> 00:29:23,887
♪♪

628
00:29:29,101 --> 00:29:31,770
[ Indistinct conversations ]

629
00:29:31,770 --> 00:29:37,401
♪♪

630
00:29:37,401 --> 00:29:40,362
-One reason synthetic drugs
are taking up so much space

631
00:29:40,362 --> 00:29:42,864
in the drug supply here
might surprise you --

632
00:29:42,864 --> 00:29:44,908
U.S. foreign policy.

633
00:29:44,908 --> 00:29:47,369
From 2014 to 2019,

634
00:29:47,369 --> 00:29:51,456
much of North America's fentanyl
supply came from one place.

635
00:29:51,456 --> 00:29:53,041
-As you know,
most of the fentanyl,

636
00:29:53,041 --> 00:29:56,294
which is killing 80,000
Americans a year,

637
00:29:56,294 --> 00:29:58,755
it comes through China.

638
00:29:58,755 --> 00:30:00,966
-But in 2019, China,

639
00:30:00,966 --> 00:30:04,761
under pressure from the Trump
administration, banned fentanyl.

640
00:30:04,761 --> 00:30:08,473
Seizures of fentanyl in the U.S.
supply dropped that year,

641
00:30:08,473 --> 00:30:10,642
only it didn't last long.

642
00:30:10,642 --> 00:30:13,812
Companies in China pivoted,
from selling fentanyl

643
00:30:13,812 --> 00:30:16,690
to marketing substances
that mimic its effects,

644
00:30:16,690 --> 00:30:19,484
as well as the compounds
that make it up.

645
00:30:19,484 --> 00:30:22,362
Those compounds were bought
by Mexican cartels,

646
00:30:22,362 --> 00:30:24,197
who are now
manufacturing fentanyl

647
00:30:24,197 --> 00:30:27,993
and trafficking it
back into the U.S.

648
00:30:27,993 --> 00:30:30,996
Over 100,000 Americans
died of a drug overdose

649
00:30:30,996 --> 00:30:33,832
in the one-year period
ending last November,

650
00:30:33,832 --> 00:30:36,168
the most in U.S. history.

651
00:30:36,168 --> 00:30:39,171
Jim Carroll was President
Trump's drug czar.

652
00:30:39,171 --> 00:30:43,508
He led the push
to get China to ban fentanyl.

653
00:30:43,508 --> 00:30:46,219
We have record
overdoses in the U.S.,

654
00:30:46,219 --> 00:30:49,181
and fentanyl is still pervasive,

655
00:30:49,181 --> 00:30:51,683
so do you think
that the ban was successful?

656
00:30:51,683 --> 00:30:53,769
-It was successful
because the flow of fentanyl

657
00:30:53,769 --> 00:30:56,104
from China to the U.S. ended.

658
00:30:56,104 --> 00:30:58,440
So that part was
absolutely successful.

659
00:30:58,440 --> 00:31:01,568
In terms of, you know,
the number of Americans dying,

660
00:31:01,568 --> 00:31:04,613
you know, clearly, right now,
that's not a success.

661
00:31:04,613 --> 00:31:08,533
And now, with more availability
than ever before,

662
00:31:08,533 --> 00:31:10,869
with the --
not only the amount of drugs

663
00:31:10,869 --> 00:31:14,539
but the lethality of the drugs
that are on the streets,

664
00:31:14,539 --> 00:31:17,376
that's what's causing a rise
in these fatal overdoses,

665
00:31:17,376 --> 00:31:21,755
these poisonings that are
taking place across the country.

666
00:31:21,755 --> 00:31:26,593
-Were you worried about creating
a vacuum for more potent drugs?

667
00:31:26,593 --> 00:31:28,720
-We know and we knew back then

668
00:31:28,720 --> 00:31:33,266
that eliminating China as
the main source, direct source,

669
00:31:33,266 --> 00:31:36,728
that the traffickers were not
going to end that quickly.

670
00:31:36,728 --> 00:31:38,897
We knew that they would take
other steps

671
00:31:38,897 --> 00:31:42,025
to get it into the U.S.,
but you have to try.

672
00:31:42,025 --> 00:31:43,902
You have to stop it
as much as you can.

673
00:31:43,902 --> 00:31:45,737
-Our reporting has shown

674
00:31:45,737 --> 00:31:50,158
that there's actually
new tranquilizers and benzos

675
00:31:50,158 --> 00:31:52,911
that are now being
cut into the fentanyl supply.

676
00:31:52,911 --> 00:31:55,163
And so that's making
the fentanyl supply

677
00:31:55,163 --> 00:31:56,623
even more dangerous.

678
00:31:56,623 --> 00:31:58,166
More people are dying.

679
00:31:58,166 --> 00:31:59,584
Were you concerned

680
00:31:59,584 --> 00:32:03,463
about that being a possible
consequence of the fentanyl ban?

681
00:32:03,463 --> 00:32:05,173
-No.

682
00:32:05,173 --> 00:32:06,299
At the beginning of this,

683
00:32:06,299 --> 00:32:08,426
everyone called this the opioid
crisis.

684
00:32:08,426 --> 00:32:10,512
We don't have an opioid crisis.

685
00:32:10,512 --> 00:32:12,222
We have an addiction crisis.

686
00:32:12,222 --> 00:32:15,559
We don't know what drug,
quite frankly, will be here

687
00:32:15,559 --> 00:32:17,018
20 years from now.

688
00:32:17,018 --> 00:32:20,605
We need to treat this
as the disease we know it is

689
00:32:20,605 --> 00:32:22,274
and make sure that we know

690
00:32:22,274 --> 00:32:24,526
exactly what is
coming into the U.S.

691
00:32:24,526 --> 00:32:26,862
and try to curtail

692
00:32:26,862 --> 00:32:29,281
the trafficking of drugs
into the U.S.

693
00:32:29,281 --> 00:32:31,908
-Do you feel any sense
of responsibility

694
00:32:31,908 --> 00:32:33,493
for some of these new chemicals

695
00:32:33,493 --> 00:32:36,121
that are kind of
replacing fentanyl?

696
00:32:36,121 --> 00:32:39,833
-No. No. We knew the traffickers
would continue to try.

697
00:32:39,833 --> 00:32:42,127
We were able to get
a ban on fentanyl.

698
00:32:42,127 --> 00:32:44,588
We want to absolutely prohibit

699
00:32:44,588 --> 00:32:46,631
all of these synthetics
from coming in.

700
00:32:46,631 --> 00:32:48,008
What we're seeing
in some of these cities

701
00:32:48,008 --> 00:32:50,886
is a switch to a new drug,
a different drug.

702
00:32:50,886 --> 00:32:53,138
It doesn't mean
that they switched, you know,

703
00:32:53,138 --> 00:32:57,684
because of something that,
you know, we did wrong.

704
00:32:57,684 --> 00:32:59,644
They're switching because
that's what's available.

705
00:32:59,644 --> 00:33:02,439
Traffickers, whether it's
from China or Mexico

706
00:33:02,439 --> 00:33:03,857
or someplace else,

707
00:33:03,857 --> 00:33:07,611
will send whatever drug
they have to the U.S.

708
00:33:07,611 --> 00:33:10,739
in the hopes that someone
will become addicted to it

709
00:33:10,739 --> 00:33:12,407
and continue to buy it.

710
00:33:12,407 --> 00:33:15,952
-Do you have faith in being able
to stop the supply?

711
00:33:15,952 --> 00:33:18,163
I mean, we've have had
50 years of the war on drugs,

712
00:33:18,163 --> 00:33:20,081
and it hasn't really worked.

713
00:33:20,081 --> 00:33:24,544
-It's worked when we've
made a decision to stop it.

714
00:33:24,544 --> 00:33:27,005
It made the difference
when we went to China

715
00:33:27,005 --> 00:33:29,674
and said,
"Stop sending it to the U.S."

716
00:33:29,674 --> 00:33:31,510
We were able to drive down

717
00:33:31,510 --> 00:33:33,595
the availability
of some of these drugs.

718
00:33:33,595 --> 00:33:35,722
-But now it's worse than ever.

719
00:33:35,722 --> 00:33:38,016
Teen overdoses are up, as well,

720
00:33:38,016 --> 00:33:41,686
and apparently, it's due
to the potency of the drugs.

721
00:33:41,686 --> 00:33:44,189
-Right, because
it's cheaper and easier

722
00:33:44,189 --> 00:33:47,651
to have incredibly lethal
synthetic drugs

723
00:33:47,651 --> 00:33:50,695
than ever before.

724
00:33:50,695 --> 00:33:52,697
-That's partly because
the chemicals used

725
00:33:52,697 --> 00:33:55,200
to make fentanyl, benzo dope,
and tranq dope

726
00:33:55,200 --> 00:33:57,035
are being sold online.

727
00:33:57,035 --> 00:34:00,538
♪♪

728
00:34:00,538 --> 00:34:01,873
-A lot of the supply chains

729
00:34:01,873 --> 00:34:04,918
have kind of emerged
through the Internet.

730
00:34:04,918 --> 00:34:06,378
If you leave that
out of the picture,

731
00:34:06,378 --> 00:34:07,712
then you're missing a lot

732
00:34:07,712 --> 00:34:10,465
of sort of that initial stage
in the supply chain

733
00:34:10,465 --> 00:34:12,884
of where some of the stuff
is coming from.

734
00:34:12,884 --> 00:34:15,387
-Nicole Cook
is a narcotics analyst,

735
00:34:15,387 --> 00:34:19,641
tracking websites advertising
these drugs on the open web.

736
00:34:19,641 --> 00:34:21,768
The websites can be
sophisticated,

737
00:34:21,768 --> 00:34:24,396
with high-quality photos,
product descriptions,

738
00:34:24,396 --> 00:34:26,147
and customer reviews.

739
00:34:26,147 --> 00:34:28,608
The companies often list
CAS numbers,

740
00:34:28,608 --> 00:34:32,362
a string of digits that
correspond with a known drug.

741
00:34:32,362 --> 00:34:33,738
-The first step that I'll do

742
00:34:33,738 --> 00:34:35,949
is I will search
for the CAS number.

743
00:34:35,949 --> 00:34:38,243
So if you don't know what it is

744
00:34:38,243 --> 00:34:40,829
for a specific chemical
that you're interested in,

745
00:34:40,829 --> 00:34:43,540
you can really easily
just bring it up on Google.

746
00:34:43,540 --> 00:34:46,251
You can search for,
for example, xylazine.

747
00:34:48,086 --> 00:34:50,422
So, once you have the CAS number

748
00:34:50,422 --> 00:34:53,174
for the chemical
you're interested in,

749
00:34:53,174 --> 00:34:57,762
then you just enter it in here.

750
00:34:57,762 --> 00:35:02,726
And it will bring up sort of
hundreds of advertisements

751
00:35:02,726 --> 00:35:05,603
for the chemical
that you're interested in.

752
00:35:05,603 --> 00:35:10,191
So, see, it looks like we have
about 700 advertisements

753
00:35:10,191 --> 00:35:13,361
right now
from 109 different suppliers.

754
00:35:13,361 --> 00:35:14,529
-Wow.

755
00:35:14,529 --> 00:35:15,572
Wow.
-Yeah.

756
00:35:15,572 --> 00:35:17,115
-109 suppliers.

757
00:35:17,115 --> 00:35:18,658
-Yeah.
-Just on this one site?

758
00:35:18,658 --> 00:35:20,118
-Just on this one site.

759
00:35:20,118 --> 00:35:24,581
So, here's another example
of a xylazine advertisement.

760
00:35:24,581 --> 00:35:29,669
Minimum order quality
is 1 kilogram, so quite large.

761
00:35:29,669 --> 00:35:32,964
But when you scroll down to
the bottom of the advertisement,

762
00:35:32,964 --> 00:35:37,385
you have this "Other hot
products" section, where you see

763
00:35:37,385 --> 00:35:40,263
it's just a list of,
I don't know, maybe 20 or so.

764
00:35:40,263 --> 00:35:43,308
And right away,
to me, this jumps out.

765
00:35:43,308 --> 00:35:46,144
This is a fentanyl precursor.

766
00:35:46,144 --> 00:35:50,106
As far as I know, has nothing
to do with animal tranquilizers

767
00:35:50,106 --> 00:35:52,067
or any sort
of veterinary purpose.

768
00:35:52,067 --> 00:35:54,194
So this whole list here,
I think,

769
00:35:54,194 --> 00:35:55,945
is probably going to be
pretty useless to you

770
00:35:55,945 --> 00:35:59,741
if you're using xylazine in its,
like, licit, intended purpose.

771
00:35:59,741 --> 00:36:02,827
-But could be very useful if you
were an illegal drug supplier.

772
00:36:02,827 --> 00:36:06,456
-Sure, yeah, yeah.

773
00:36:06,456 --> 00:36:08,666
-Do you think
that these companies realize

774
00:36:08,666 --> 00:36:12,337
that these chemicals are being
diverted into the black market?

775
00:36:12,337 --> 00:36:14,964
-I think that the way
that they are advertised

776
00:36:14,964 --> 00:36:21,513
suggests at least a knowledge of
who the end user ends up being,

777
00:36:21,513 --> 00:36:25,225
given that they're often bulking
these chemicals together

778
00:36:25,225 --> 00:36:28,019
with other ones that can be used
for fentanyl synthesis.

779
00:36:28,019 --> 00:36:31,189
Once a synthetic drug
is controlled,

780
00:36:31,189 --> 00:36:34,067
they will tweak
the chemical structure of it

781
00:36:34,067 --> 00:36:35,527
so that way,
it's different enough

782
00:36:35,527 --> 00:36:37,195
that it's not
covered by the law,

783
00:36:37,195 --> 00:36:40,156
but you still get
the same sort of end effect.

784
00:36:40,156 --> 00:36:43,118
-I feel like, I don't know, my
head is spinning a bit,

785
00:36:43,118 --> 00:36:45,078
because it just seems like

786
00:36:45,078 --> 00:36:49,040
there are so many different
avenues that you could pursue,

787
00:36:49,040 --> 00:36:50,625
that if one gets shut down,

788
00:36:50,625 --> 00:36:53,503
there's like a million other
ones that you could chase.

789
00:36:53,503 --> 00:36:55,797
-Yeah, and that's really
the challenge

790
00:36:55,797 --> 00:37:01,219
when it comes to regulating
that side of the drug crisis

791
00:37:01,219 --> 00:37:03,221
is that once you control
a substance,

792
00:37:03,221 --> 00:37:06,516
another one will just
pop up in its place.

793
00:37:06,516 --> 00:37:11,646
♪♪

794
00:37:11,646 --> 00:37:14,274
-I thought that the second
I mentioned fentanyl,

795
00:37:14,274 --> 00:37:17,277
they would want to stop
the conversation.

796
00:37:17,277 --> 00:37:22,240
And instead, they're telling me
that xylazine is hot in the USA,

797
00:37:22,240 --> 00:37:23,616
you know, in response

798
00:37:23,616 --> 00:37:26,244
to me asking
if it's similar to fentanyl.

799
00:37:26,244 --> 00:37:35,211
♪♪

800
00:37:39,215 --> 00:37:41,885
[ Indistinct conversations ]

801
00:37:41,885 --> 00:37:46,639
♪♪

802
00:37:46,639 --> 00:37:48,558
-We wanted to contact a supplier

803
00:37:48,558 --> 00:37:51,811
selling synthetic drugs
on the open web.

804
00:37:51,811 --> 00:37:53,229
After several attempts,

805
00:37:53,229 --> 00:37:55,523
we managed to get through
to a salesperson

806
00:37:55,523 --> 00:37:59,569
for a chemical company
based in Wuhan, China.

807
00:37:59,569 --> 00:38:03,990
"I'm interested
in some of your products.

808
00:38:03,990 --> 00:38:05,742
Can you talk on the phone?"

809
00:38:05,742 --> 00:38:11,789
♪♪

810
00:38:11,789 --> 00:38:14,250
Oh. Typing.

811
00:38:14,250 --> 00:38:16,586
♪♪

812
00:38:16,586 --> 00:38:20,924
"Sorry, friend,
WhatsApp unable to answer call."

813
00:38:22,634 --> 00:38:24,177
Okay.

814
00:38:26,095 --> 00:38:29,682
She's saying, "Which item
are you interested in?"

815
00:38:29,682 --> 00:38:32,560
So I asked
if they carry xylazine,

816
00:38:32,560 --> 00:38:35,772
and the response was,
"Yes, friend, available.

817
00:38:35,772 --> 00:38:38,441
Sent to USA?"

818
00:38:38,441 --> 00:38:39,818
"Yes, I'm in the U.S.

819
00:38:39,818 --> 00:38:44,239
Will there be any issues
with customs?"

820
00:38:44,239 --> 00:38:47,367
♪♪

821
00:38:47,367 --> 00:38:48,493
"UPS, friend!

822
00:38:48,493 --> 00:38:52,789
Guarantee safe delivery 100%."

823
00:38:52,789 --> 00:38:56,793
I'm asking, "Do you know if you
can combine this with fentanyl?"

824
00:38:56,793 --> 00:38:58,545
meaning the xylazine.

825
00:39:01,381 --> 00:39:04,676
She says, "Haha, friend,
fentanyl banned in China.

826
00:39:04,676 --> 00:39:06,594
We don't have it."

827
00:39:06,594 --> 00:39:11,307
"Is xylazine similar to
fentanyl? The effect of it."

828
00:39:11,307 --> 00:39:16,062
She says, "I guess so, friend,
as it's very hot in the USA."

829
00:39:16,062 --> 00:39:18,481
I'm just surprised
by their reaction.

830
00:39:18,481 --> 00:39:21,067
I thought that the second
I mentioned fentanyl,

831
00:39:21,067 --> 00:39:24,153
they would want to stop
the conversation.

832
00:39:24,153 --> 00:39:28,992
And instead, they're telling me
that xylazine is hot in the USA,

833
00:39:28,992 --> 00:39:30,326
you know, in response

834
00:39:30,326 --> 00:39:33,079
to me asking
if it's similar to fentanyl.

835
00:39:33,079 --> 00:39:37,876
"Do you know
what it's being used for

836
00:39:37,876 --> 00:39:40,253
in the U.S.?"

837
00:39:40,253 --> 00:39:44,799
♪♪

838
00:39:44,799 --> 00:39:48,344
"Friend, for safety,
we never discuss with client

839
00:39:48,344 --> 00:39:50,054
for the purpose.

840
00:39:50,054 --> 00:39:53,474
Sometimes it's sensitive
for clients!

841
00:39:53,474 --> 00:39:55,393
And sometimes
if clients told you

842
00:39:55,393 --> 00:39:59,272
they use chemicals
to make forbidden drug!

843
00:39:59,272 --> 00:40:03,943
Then it's illegal for us
to sell items to them."

844
00:40:03,943 --> 00:40:08,531
I'm asking if these products
are legal in the U.S.

845
00:40:08,531 --> 00:40:12,952
♪♪

846
00:40:12,952 --> 00:40:15,788
"They are legal in China, haha."

847
00:40:15,788 --> 00:40:19,250
♪♪

848
00:40:19,250 --> 00:40:21,878
I said, "What if it gets seized
by U.S. police?"

849
00:40:21,878 --> 00:40:24,672
They said, "We resend you."

850
00:40:24,672 --> 00:40:29,385
So, very straightforward,
very honest answers,

851
00:40:29,385 --> 00:40:32,138
and it just makes it seem
that much easier

852
00:40:32,138 --> 00:40:36,267
to get your hands on pretty much
any chemical you want.

853
00:40:37,393 --> 00:40:40,104
Like, this isn't even
the dark web.

854
00:40:40,104 --> 00:40:43,566
♪♪

855
00:40:43,566 --> 00:40:46,277
To address the crisis,
President Joe Biden

856
00:40:46,277 --> 00:40:49,656
is picking up where the last
administration left off.

857
00:40:49,656 --> 00:40:53,326
In March, he released
his 2023 fiscal year budget.

858
00:40:53,326 --> 00:40:55,411
It includes $18 billion

859
00:40:55,411 --> 00:40:58,164
for domestic and international
law enforcement

860
00:40:58,164 --> 00:41:02,168
and to try to disrupt
the flow of drugs into the U.S.

861
00:41:02,168 --> 00:41:03,836
But Biden's also proposing

862
00:41:03,836 --> 00:41:06,047
something no other
president has done,

863
00:41:06,047 --> 00:41:10,677
a historic $85 million specified
for harm reduction services

864
00:41:10,677 --> 00:41:14,263
like getting people fentanyl
test strips, sterile syringes,

865
00:41:14,263 --> 00:41:16,391
and naloxone.

866
00:41:16,391 --> 00:41:19,018
Only, Congress
still needs to pass it.

867
00:41:19,018 --> 00:41:20,645
And even if they do,

868
00:41:20,645 --> 00:41:24,732
dealers like Keisha
warn it's not enough.

869
00:41:24,732 --> 00:41:27,110
-The drugs are only
going to get stronger.

870
00:41:27,110 --> 00:41:28,611
Eventually, there's
not going to be

871
00:41:28,611 --> 00:41:30,571
anything to do with
heroin or fentanyl.

872
00:41:30,571 --> 00:41:33,116
It's going to be all chemical,
all from the dark web,

873
00:41:33,116 --> 00:41:36,411
all just something people
have thrown in a bowl

874
00:41:36,411 --> 00:41:39,580
and sold it as fent or heroin.

875
00:41:39,580 --> 00:41:42,959
All the people I knew during
when I was young, growing up,

876
00:41:42,959 --> 00:41:46,379
to now, in the drug trade,
they're all dead.

877
00:41:46,379 --> 00:41:50,633
I don't see anybody -- Nobody's
face is familiar anymore.

878
00:41:50,633 --> 00:41:53,720
♪♪

879
00:41:53,720 --> 00:41:56,347
-I could have been a athlete,
but instead I chose the street,

880
00:41:56,347 --> 00:41:57,974
pumping dope and holding heat.

881
00:41:57,974 --> 00:42:00,017
Nothing but nightmares
when I sleep.

882
00:42:00,017 --> 00:42:03,020
I woke up so many cold and
hungry nights up in that bing,

883
00:42:03,020 --> 00:42:05,481
but -- I wouldn't
change a thing.

884
00:42:05,481 --> 00:42:08,526
-Almost two months after
our trip to British Columbia,

885
00:42:08,526 --> 00:42:12,989
we learned that Gord's body
was found under a bridge.

886
00:42:12,989 --> 00:42:17,034
He died of an overdose a month
before his 40th birthday.

887
00:42:17,034 --> 00:42:18,786
-Armed in lead,
leaving them dead.

888
00:42:18,786 --> 00:42:20,830
-- the feds.
I'm dodging and weaving them

889
00:42:20,830 --> 00:42:22,832
like Adrian Peterson.

890
00:42:22,832 --> 00:42:24,459
-Yo.
-Just something like that,

891
00:42:24,459 --> 00:42:25,710
right, you know?
-Not bad.

892
00:42:25,710 --> 00:42:28,129
-I'm on some East Coast
shit, right?

893
00:42:28,129 --> 00:42:30,381
But I'm in the West,
though, right?

894
00:42:30,381 --> 00:42:32,216
I still got time.

895
00:42:32,216 --> 00:42:36,679
But, like, I feel like
it's closing in.

896
00:42:36,679 --> 00:42:38,264
Right?

897
00:42:38,264 --> 00:42:40,850
And I got to do something soon.

898
00:42:40,850 --> 00:42:49,734
♪♪

899
00:42:49,734 --> 00:42:58,618
♪♪

900
00:42:58,618 --> 00:43:07,543
♪♪

901
00:43:07,543 --> 00:43:16,385
♪♪

902
00:43:16,385 --> 00:43:25,311
♪♪

903
00:43:25,311 --> 00:43:34,195
♪♪

904
00:43:34,195 --> 00:43:43,079
♪♪

905
00:43:43,079 --> 00:43:51,963
♪♪



