1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:08,875 --> 00:00:14,647 - ELIJAH MUHAMMAD: 4 00:00:27,894 --> 00:00:29,329 - Cassius Clay. 5 00:00:29,329 --> 00:00:32,031 - He was box office. 6 00:00:33,199 --> 00:00:35,435 Anywhere he went, he could create a crowd. 7 00:00:35,435 --> 00:00:38,371 - I was truly infatuated with this man. 8 00:00:38,605 --> 00:00:40,473 - You're standing in front of my candelabra. 9 00:00:40,707 --> 00:00:42,375 - From the first moment, I was in love. 10 00:00:42,375 --> 00:00:46,413 - Whatever you do, pay to get in. 11 00:00:46,613 --> 00:00:50,350 - The civil rights movement is just about to explode. 12 00:00:50,350 --> 00:00:53,820 - Young Black folks are hungry for something different. 13 00:00:53,820 --> 00:00:59,426 - White America wants Cassius Clay to be the good guy. 14 00:00:59,426 --> 00:01:01,528 - He didn't know what Islam was. 15 00:01:03,863 --> 00:01:06,399 - MARK: Hearing Elijah Muhammad really gave everything 16 00:01:06,599 --> 00:01:09,702 that was going on in his life at the time a purpose. 17 00:01:09,702 --> 00:01:12,005 - THOMAS: The Nation of Islam were thought of 18 00:01:12,005 --> 00:01:15,875 as an ominous, shadowy group. 19 00:01:15,875 --> 00:01:17,977 - MALCOLM X: White people who are guilty of white supremacy 20 00:01:17,977 --> 00:01:19,145 try and hide their own guilt 21 00:01:19,412 --> 00:01:21,314 by accusing the, uh, Honorable Elijah Muhammad 22 00:01:21,314 --> 00:01:24,217 of teaching Black supremacy. 23 00:01:24,217 --> 00:01:27,120 - ATTALLAH: While he was like a younger brother for my father, 24 00:01:27,120 --> 00:01:29,122 he was a bigger brother for me. 25 00:01:29,122 --> 00:01:30,990 And it was stopped right in the middle. 26 00:01:30,990 --> 00:01:33,326 - When the Honorable Elijah Muhammad cuts a man off, 27 00:01:33,326 --> 00:01:34,961 well, then, he's automatically cut off 28 00:01:34,961 --> 00:01:36,229 with all of his followers. 29 00:01:36,563 --> 00:01:38,264 - CLAUDE: He would not follow a student of the teacher. 30 00:01:38,264 --> 00:01:40,266 He would follow the teacher himself. 31 00:01:40,266 --> 00:01:42,869 - I am the greatest! - All right, Cass. 32 00:01:42,869 --> 00:01:45,305 - He is someone who says, I want freedom. 33 00:01:45,305 --> 00:01:46,439 And I have to do that 34 00:01:46,639 --> 00:01:49,242 by tying myself back to my identity. 35 00:01:49,242 --> 00:01:50,777 - Whatever you call me, 36 00:01:50,777 --> 00:01:53,279 you're not gonna call me out of my name. 37 00:01:53,279 --> 00:01:58,585 - And from now on, my name is Cassius X. 38 00:02:00,587 --> 00:02:03,556 - I'm free to be what I wanna be and think what I wanna think. 39 00:02:03,790 --> 00:02:11,631 - ♪ 40 00:02:19,806 --> 00:02:31,651 - ♪ 41 00:02:54,207 --> 00:02:59,345 - [crowd shouting] 42 00:03:03,950 --> 00:03:06,085 - A lot of these things get lost in history, 43 00:03:06,085 --> 00:03:07,387 but the Golden Gloves, 44 00:03:07,620 --> 00:03:11,324 certainly then, was the stepping stone, 45 00:03:11,324 --> 00:03:13,159 usually to the Olympics. 46 00:03:13,159 --> 00:03:16,930 And the Olympics, if you succeeded, to a pro career. 47 00:03:16,930 --> 00:03:20,366 - [crowd shouting] 48 00:03:20,366 --> 00:03:23,436 - ROBERT: And Clay was kind of on the cusp of 49 00:03:23,636 --> 00:03:26,673 whether he was really gonna be able to do this thing. 50 00:03:29,742 --> 00:03:33,246 So the Golden Gloves were kind of 51 00:03:33,246 --> 00:03:36,449 his graduation, in a sense, 52 00:03:36,449 --> 00:03:40,787 from being a-- you know, a kid boxer, 53 00:03:40,787 --> 00:03:44,123 suddenly, he was on a national stage. 54 00:03:44,123 --> 00:03:52,932 - ♪ 55 00:03:52,932 --> 00:03:55,268 - ROBERT: I think Chicago and the Golden Gloves 56 00:03:55,268 --> 00:03:57,370 was also one of the first times 57 00:03:57,370 --> 00:03:59,672 that he was really out in the world. 58 00:04:00,807 --> 00:04:03,376 - THOMAS: He meets somebody who's selling copies 59 00:04:03,576 --> 00:04:07,013 of the Nation of Islam newspaper, "Muhammad Speaks", 60 00:04:07,013 --> 00:04:11,451 on the street, and that's the beginning of his introduction 61 00:04:11,684 --> 00:04:13,653 to the Nation of Islam. 62 00:04:15,622 --> 00:04:17,090 - JAMES: The world is beginning to hear about 63 00:04:17,090 --> 00:04:20,259 this group of Black men who don't drink alcohol, 64 00:04:20,259 --> 00:04:22,428 don't use drugs, open businesses, 65 00:04:22,629 --> 00:04:23,963 take care of their family. 66 00:04:24,263 --> 00:04:28,401 That was not the narrative that white media was giving 67 00:04:28,401 --> 00:04:30,536 to the world and to African American. 68 00:04:31,938 --> 00:04:33,773 - MARK: For him to hear these messages, 69 00:04:33,773 --> 00:04:35,908 how white supremacy functions, right? 70 00:04:35,908 --> 00:04:39,245 And to double back on this idea that you, Black man, 71 00:04:39,245 --> 00:04:41,314 don't really know who you are? 72 00:04:41,314 --> 00:04:43,449 It's an incredibly powerful message. 73 00:04:48,655 --> 00:04:50,857 - Well, Keith, everything looks set, forthright, 74 00:04:50,857 --> 00:04:53,326 for a wonderful Olympic Games here in Rome. 75 00:04:53,326 --> 00:04:54,794 - It certainly does, Sid. 76 00:04:54,794 --> 00:04:57,997 - The next big thing is the Olympic Games. 77 00:04:57,997 --> 00:05:00,066 - [crowd cheering] 78 00:05:00,066 --> 00:05:03,836 - JIM: Sitting there, summer, no school, 79 00:05:03,836 --> 00:05:05,938 sampling the Olympics on television, 80 00:05:05,938 --> 00:05:10,076 and along came Cassius Marcellus Clay. 81 00:05:10,076 --> 00:05:13,746 - ♪ 82 00:05:13,746 --> 00:05:17,383 - I had no preparation for watching what I saw. 83 00:05:17,617 --> 00:05:21,087 Shuffled his feet, emoted demonstrably. 84 00:05:21,087 --> 00:05:23,056 From the first moment, I was in love. 85 00:05:24,390 --> 00:05:26,092 - ROBERT: He got a lot of attention 86 00:05:26,092 --> 00:05:30,029 because he was kind of, uh, the mayor of Olympic Village. 87 00:05:32,231 --> 00:05:33,833 - JERRY: He got the medal. 88 00:05:33,833 --> 00:05:37,336 And he's sitting on these steps in the Olympic Village, 89 00:05:37,336 --> 00:05:39,238 and he's holding a medal up. 90 00:05:39,238 --> 00:05:42,842 And the athletes are walking by. 91 00:05:42,842 --> 00:05:44,377 Now, I'm convinced half of them 92 00:05:44,377 --> 00:05:47,313 can't understand one world of English. 93 00:05:47,313 --> 00:05:49,215 I'm Cassius Clay! 94 00:05:49,215 --> 00:05:51,084 I'm pretty! 95 00:05:51,084 --> 00:05:53,086 I'm gonna be the heayvweight champion of the world, 96 00:05:53,086 --> 00:05:55,054 and you're gonna come pay to see me fight, 97 00:05:55,054 --> 00:05:56,823 and you're gonna blah, blah, blah... 98 00:05:56,823 --> 00:05:58,357 And they don't know what the hell he's saying. 99 00:05:58,725 --> 00:06:01,928 But I notice one thing which made me pay attention to him. 100 00:06:01,928 --> 00:06:05,398 All the female athletes walked 10 feet past him, turned around, 101 00:06:05,398 --> 00:06:07,100 and took a second look. 102 00:06:07,100 --> 00:06:10,403 And I said, "There's some reason to watch out for this guy!" 103 00:06:10,403 --> 00:06:12,205 - [indistinct chatter] 104 00:06:12,405 --> 00:06:17,810 - His exuberance caught international press attention. 105 00:06:17,810 --> 00:06:19,946 - Tell me how you came to get such a Roman name as that. 106 00:06:19,946 --> 00:06:23,082 - Well, as I understand, I'm Cassius Marcellus Clay VI. 107 00:06:23,082 --> 00:06:25,985 And my great-great grandfather was a Kentucky slave, 108 00:06:25,985 --> 00:06:28,454 and he was named after some great Kentuckian. 109 00:06:28,454 --> 00:06:29,822 - I think the young Cassius Clay 110 00:06:29,822 --> 00:06:31,124 would have never thought twice about 111 00:06:31,324 --> 00:06:34,293 whether or not his name was a family name, right? 112 00:06:34,293 --> 00:06:35,394 Was a slave name. 113 00:06:35,628 --> 00:06:37,430 "Clay" was the name of his father, 114 00:06:37,630 --> 00:06:39,832 it was of his parents, of his grandparents. 115 00:06:39,832 --> 00:06:41,467 - Since I've reached a little fame in boxing, 116 00:06:41,667 --> 00:06:44,437 most people want to know where I'm from and, uh, 117 00:06:44,437 --> 00:06:45,738 where did I get that name. 118 00:06:45,938 --> 00:06:47,140 But really, I haven't really checked on it. 119 00:06:47,507 --> 00:06:49,008 So I see that I'm gonna have to go look-- 120 00:06:49,008 --> 00:06:50,376 - REPORTER: You'll have to look it up. 121 00:06:50,376 --> 00:06:51,811 - See what it's all about, 122 00:06:51,811 --> 00:06:53,112 now that I'm getting a little interviewed. 123 00:06:53,513 --> 00:06:55,782 - That naming was the thing that connected them to family, 124 00:06:55,782 --> 00:06:58,317 to community, right? To a larger history. 125 00:06:58,317 --> 00:07:03,156 - ♪ 126 00:07:03,156 --> 00:07:06,058 - THOMAS: Cassius Clay comes out of the Olympics 127 00:07:06,058 --> 00:07:07,393 with a gold medal, 128 00:07:07,593 --> 00:07:11,430 and white residents of Louisville get together 129 00:07:11,430 --> 00:07:14,066 to back him financially. 130 00:07:15,902 --> 00:07:18,905 - GREG: Here you have 11 white guys that represented 131 00:07:18,905 --> 00:07:21,507 the establishment of the city 132 00:07:21,741 --> 00:07:24,844 that felt like they wanted to protect Cassius 133 00:07:24,844 --> 00:07:28,815 from the underworld of the boxing industry 134 00:07:28,815 --> 00:07:32,018 and make sure, in their words, that he would "emerge rich" 135 00:07:32,018 --> 00:07:35,254 from this once all this was done. 136 00:07:35,254 --> 00:07:38,858 - I'm Will Faversham, vice president of Brown-Forman, 137 00:07:38,858 --> 00:07:41,427 and one of the founders of the group of Cassius Clay. 138 00:07:41,427 --> 00:07:43,129 I'm also his manager. 139 00:07:43,129 --> 00:07:45,198 - Now, you can look at this and you can say, 140 00:07:45,198 --> 00:07:49,902 okay, these people took an interest in this young man 141 00:07:49,902 --> 00:07:54,473 and wanted to make sure that he wasn't exploited financially. 142 00:07:54,674 --> 00:07:57,510 We wanna see that people do right by him. 143 00:07:57,710 --> 00:08:00,079 - I'm W. Lyons Brown, the chairman of the board of 144 00:08:00,079 --> 00:08:02,415 Brown-Forman Distillers Corporation. 145 00:08:02,648 --> 00:08:05,218 I'm also a farmer and in the oil business. 146 00:08:05,451 --> 00:08:08,221 - Or you can say that this is just a variation of, 147 00:08:08,221 --> 00:08:09,488 well, we like horses, 148 00:08:09,822 --> 00:08:12,491 and we buy them and run them in the Kentucky Derby. 149 00:08:12,725 --> 00:08:14,894 And now we've got a fighter 150 00:08:14,894 --> 00:08:17,930 and we're grooming him to see what he can win. 151 00:08:17,930 --> 00:08:20,066 - Of course, they wanted to make some money as well. 152 00:08:20,066 --> 00:08:23,102 It was a 50-50 deal-- it was unheard of at the time-- 153 00:08:23,102 --> 00:08:26,205 where Cassius would be receiving a salary, 154 00:08:26,205 --> 00:08:27,240 all of his expenses paid, 155 00:08:27,506 --> 00:08:28,941 so he didn't have to worry about that, 156 00:08:28,941 --> 00:08:31,210 nor did he have to worry about getting pulled into 157 00:08:31,210 --> 00:08:34,547 what was then a largely mob-controlled boxing industry. 158 00:08:37,016 --> 00:08:39,185 - ROBERT: When he came back to Louisville, 159 00:08:39,185 --> 00:08:42,221 he kind of briefly forgot where he was. 160 00:08:42,221 --> 00:08:45,391 Maybe he thought he was still, you know, 161 00:08:45,391 --> 00:08:47,927 a gold medal champion in Rome. 162 00:08:47,927 --> 00:08:51,163 He couldn't go out to dinner with these members 163 00:08:51,163 --> 00:08:54,834 of the Louisville sponsoring group, these white guys. 164 00:08:54,834 --> 00:08:56,969 These are segregated restaurants. 165 00:08:56,969 --> 00:09:00,907 They wouldn't even serve him as an Olympic champion. 166 00:09:00,907 --> 00:09:04,210 He was an international hero, 167 00:09:04,210 --> 00:09:08,281 and that still wasn't good enough for this place? 168 00:09:08,514 --> 00:09:11,484 - W. LYONS BROWN: My mother's family, they were the Clays, 169 00:09:11,717 --> 00:09:13,286 the same name as Cassius. 170 00:09:13,486 --> 00:09:19,258 When the American Negro came here as slaves, they went into-- 171 00:09:19,258 --> 00:09:21,961 they took the names of the families. 172 00:09:21,961 --> 00:09:24,997 Our families freed, way back there-- 173 00:09:24,997 --> 00:09:27,967 we freed the slaves in our families. 174 00:09:27,967 --> 00:09:31,270 But I'm not sure that Cassius's probably great grandparents 175 00:09:31,270 --> 00:09:35,975 and some of my relatives, uh, they were probably the owners 176 00:09:35,975 --> 00:09:39,578 of Cassius's great grandparents. 177 00:09:44,850 --> 00:09:48,087 - CLAUDE: He would've been raised in an atmosphere 178 00:09:48,087 --> 00:09:50,089 fraught with, underneath the surface 179 00:09:50,089 --> 00:09:52,491 and not so underneath the surface, terror. 180 00:09:52,692 --> 00:09:54,260 He would've grown up, uh, 181 00:09:54,460 --> 00:09:57,129 being told what he could and could not aspire to be, 182 00:09:57,129 --> 00:09:59,532 and it wouldn't have been a long list of things 183 00:09:59,732 --> 00:10:02,969 that would have been, uh, expected of him as far as 184 00:10:02,969 --> 00:10:05,304 the possibilities of life. 185 00:10:05,304 --> 00:10:08,507 He would have been contemporaries 186 00:10:08,708 --> 00:10:10,843 of people like Emmett Till, 187 00:10:10,843 --> 00:10:13,546 who was lynched in Mississippi in 1955. 188 00:10:13,746 --> 00:10:15,281 He would have been contemporaries of 189 00:10:15,281 --> 00:10:17,049 young Black people who were the first 190 00:10:17,049 --> 00:10:21,954 to integrate the high school in Little Rock, Arkansas. 191 00:10:21,954 --> 00:10:25,958 He would have been warned, I imagine, by parents, 192 00:10:25,958 --> 00:10:28,928 people in church congregation, neighbors, uh, 193 00:10:28,928 --> 00:10:32,064 about the dos and don'ts of Southern race relations, 194 00:10:32,064 --> 00:10:35,301 the sort of racial etiquette that people had to live by 195 00:10:35,301 --> 00:10:36,769 in order to survive. 196 00:10:41,347 --> 00:10:43,816 - ♪ 197 00:10:43,816 --> 00:10:45,718 - Cassius Clay needed a trainer. 198 00:10:45,718 --> 00:10:47,453 And the sponsoring group asked around, 199 00:10:47,686 --> 00:10:48,787 and they were told, well, 200 00:10:48,987 --> 00:10:51,290 there's a pretty good trainer in Miami 201 00:10:51,290 --> 00:10:54,793 named Angelo Dundee. 202 00:10:54,793 --> 00:10:56,328 They made a deal. 203 00:10:56,328 --> 00:10:58,897 Angelo opted for a weekly salary 204 00:10:58,897 --> 00:11:02,167 instead of a percentage of Cassius's purses. 205 00:11:02,167 --> 00:11:05,704 That was a decision he regretted later on. 206 00:11:05,704 --> 00:11:08,207 Clay trained at the 5th Street Gym in Miami, 207 00:11:08,407 --> 00:11:12,845 which was where Angelo Dundee worked with all his fighters. 208 00:11:12,845 --> 00:11:14,213 That was Angelo's home. 209 00:11:16,115 --> 00:11:18,984 - 5th Street Gym, it looks like a gym. 210 00:11:18,984 --> 00:11:21,720 The windows are so dirty, you can't see the street. 211 00:11:21,720 --> 00:11:23,756 The stairs to the second floor creak. 212 00:11:23,756 --> 00:11:24,923 You get up there, 213 00:11:24,923 --> 00:11:26,158 there's a million fighters, 214 00:11:26,425 --> 00:11:29,461 because they had all the fighters in South Florida. 215 00:11:29,695 --> 00:11:30,763 He gets in there, and every day, 216 00:11:31,063 --> 00:11:33,565 he is learning a little bit about boxing. 217 00:11:34,767 --> 00:11:38,303 - THOMAS: Angelo Dundee was the perfect trainer 218 00:11:38,303 --> 00:11:39,972 for Cassius Clay. 219 00:11:39,972 --> 00:11:43,342 He let Cassius be Cassius. 220 00:11:43,342 --> 00:11:45,911 The great trainers understand 221 00:11:45,911 --> 00:11:50,215 that each fighter has different gifts. 222 00:11:50,215 --> 00:11:52,751 And with Cass, it was to emphasize 223 00:11:52,751 --> 00:11:56,088 extraordinary speed and reflexes. 224 00:11:56,088 --> 00:11:57,923 Angelo would say, you know, 225 00:11:57,923 --> 00:12:02,394 that was really great when you threw your hook this way 226 00:12:02,628 --> 00:12:04,730 and you did it just like this. 227 00:12:04,730 --> 00:12:06,098 That registers with Cassius. 228 00:12:06,298 --> 00:12:08,400 He says, okay, that's how I'm gonna keep throwing 229 00:12:08,634 --> 00:12:10,936 my left hook. 230 00:12:10,936 --> 00:12:16,141 He had a wonderful block of marble to sculpt, 231 00:12:16,141 --> 00:12:18,377 but he knew how to sculpt it. 232 00:12:20,145 --> 00:12:21,747 - ROBERT: One of the great advantages 233 00:12:21,747 --> 00:12:25,417 of having a great trainer like Angelo Dundee 234 00:12:25,651 --> 00:12:30,389 was that opponents would be selected 235 00:12:30,389 --> 00:12:33,759 very, very carefully. 236 00:12:33,759 --> 00:12:37,629 He was groomed through his early fight. 237 00:12:37,629 --> 00:12:40,799 He fought a lot of, you know, big, tough-looking guys, 238 00:12:40,799 --> 00:12:42,701 but they were--what were they? 239 00:12:42,701 --> 00:12:48,140 They were lumberjacks, and truck drivers, and deputy sheriffs. 240 00:12:48,140 --> 00:12:51,243 Tomato cans, as they're often called. 241 00:12:51,243 --> 00:12:54,179 And he, you know, broke every one of those tomato cans 242 00:12:54,179 --> 00:12:56,014 on the way up. 243 00:12:56,014 --> 00:12:59,685 And they were also picked for particularly things 244 00:12:59,685 --> 00:13:04,556 they could or couldn't do that would teach him another lesson. 245 00:13:04,556 --> 00:13:08,961 Cassius Clay was never just kind of thrown into a fight 246 00:13:08,961 --> 00:13:11,230 with somebody who could hurt him. 247 00:13:11,230 --> 00:13:14,099 So it was--it was brilliant strategy. 248 00:13:14,099 --> 00:13:16,401 - They say that I am the greatest that they've ever seen. 249 00:13:16,602 --> 00:13:19,204 Most people predict me, uh, 250 00:13:19,404 --> 00:13:22,140 as the type of fighters Joe Louis was and a lot of 'em. 251 00:13:22,140 --> 00:13:24,109 And "The Ring" magazine, "Sports Illustrated", 252 00:13:24,109 --> 00:13:26,478 and a lot of the other nationwide magazines, 253 00:13:26,712 --> 00:13:29,114 class me over Floyd Patterson. 254 00:13:30,249 --> 00:13:31,850 - MALE COMMENTATOR: The site of the most lucrative fight 255 00:13:31,850 --> 00:13:33,952 in the history of boxing. 256 00:13:33,952 --> 00:13:36,054 27-year-old Floyd Patterson 257 00:13:36,054 --> 00:13:38,423 defends the heavyweight championship of the world 258 00:13:38,624 --> 00:13:40,259 against Sonny Liston. 259 00:13:42,027 --> 00:13:46,231 - Sonny Liston was considered to be 260 00:13:46,431 --> 00:13:51,136 the closest thing to Godzilla you had in fighting. 261 00:13:51,136 --> 00:13:53,872 This was a devastating puncher 262 00:13:53,872 --> 00:13:57,309 with a--a hostile aura about him. 263 00:13:57,309 --> 00:13:58,644 He was scary. 264 00:13:58,644 --> 00:14:02,114 People went into the ring to fight Sonny Liston 265 00:14:02,114 --> 00:14:03,882 and they were scared. 266 00:14:03,882 --> 00:14:06,451 This man is a bad man. 267 00:14:06,685 --> 00:14:10,022 He is really trying to hurt me. 268 00:14:10,022 --> 00:14:11,957 And he has the tools to do it. 269 00:14:11,957 --> 00:14:13,058 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Sonny Liston moves out 270 00:14:13,392 --> 00:14:15,761 to face the big chance of a turbulent life. 271 00:14:15,761 --> 00:14:17,930 - People respected Floyd Patterson. 272 00:14:17,930 --> 00:14:20,899 People kind of liked Floyd Patterson. 273 00:14:20,899 --> 00:14:24,903 Floyd Patterson was clearly a literate man 274 00:14:24,903 --> 00:14:28,173 who had won an Olympic gold medal. 275 00:14:28,173 --> 00:14:30,409 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Liston's heavy jabs bother Patterson. 276 00:14:30,642 --> 00:14:35,047 - [crowd shouting] 277 00:14:35,047 --> 00:14:36,448 - MALE COMMENATOR: A left to a grazing right 278 00:14:36,648 --> 00:14:37,983 and a solid left to the cheekbone 279 00:14:37,983 --> 00:14:39,985 dropped the champion. 280 00:14:39,985 --> 00:14:42,087 - DAMION: Sonny Liston demolished him, 281 00:14:42,087 --> 00:14:45,791 knocked him out in the first round. 282 00:14:45,791 --> 00:14:50,262 That was the first time that a heavyweight champion 283 00:14:50,462 --> 00:14:53,398 had ever been knocked out in the first round. 284 00:14:54,199 --> 00:14:59,771 This made Sonny Liston the most feared man in boxing. 285 00:15:03,342 --> 00:15:05,477 - MARK: Miami was an incredibly segregated city. 286 00:15:05,477 --> 00:15:07,479 And there was a Black part of Miami, right? 287 00:15:07,479 --> 00:15:10,182 And this is important to remember. 288 00:15:10,382 --> 00:15:11,984 And this is where, you know, Cassius Clay, 289 00:15:12,351 --> 00:15:15,153 obviously one of the few places he can live in, hotels, right? 290 00:15:15,153 --> 00:15:17,756 Because of segregation. 291 00:15:17,756 --> 00:15:19,691 Early 1960s Black radio, 292 00:15:19,691 --> 00:15:22,894 you would have been listening to rhythm and blues music. 293 00:15:22,894 --> 00:15:25,530 Some of the early sounds of Motown. 294 00:15:25,530 --> 00:15:28,000 You would have been listening to some blues artists. 295 00:15:28,000 --> 00:15:31,169 Um, you know, a kind of heavy beat music, 296 00:15:31,169 --> 00:15:33,405 not quite soul music yet. 297 00:15:33,639 --> 00:15:35,073 - [radio static, tuning] 298 00:15:35,307 --> 00:15:38,210 - MARK: And then suddenly you're listening to Elijah Muhammad-- 299 00:15:38,410 --> 00:15:40,045 - MALE ANNOUNCER: Now we have the honor and privilege 300 00:15:40,045 --> 00:15:43,148 of presenting to you [unintelligible], 301 00:15:43,148 --> 00:15:45,117 the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, 302 00:15:45,117 --> 00:15:48,587 broadcasting to us from Chicago, Illinois. 303 00:15:48,587 --> 00:15:52,858 - --which almost sounds like the voice of God in that moment. 304 00:15:52,858 --> 00:15:57,396 And the young Black folks are hungry for something different. 305 00:15:57,396 --> 00:16:03,268 - ELIJAH MUHAMMAD: 306 00:16:20,886 --> 00:16:22,654 - If you're a young Cassius Clay, 307 00:16:22,654 --> 00:16:25,857 who has an incredible amount of self-confidence, 308 00:16:25,857 --> 00:16:27,426 who's ambitious, 309 00:16:27,626 --> 00:16:29,127 who sees himself as someone 310 00:16:29,127 --> 00:16:32,130 who's going to make a difference in the future, 311 00:16:32,130 --> 00:16:35,067 hearing Elijah Muhammad really gave everything 312 00:16:35,067 --> 00:16:37,969 that was going on in his life at the time a purpose. 313 00:16:38,970 --> 00:16:45,110 - ELIJAH MUHAMMAD: 314 00:16:53,985 --> 00:16:57,823 - Cassius Clay, a young African American, 315 00:16:57,823 --> 00:17:01,126 growing up at the time that the civil rights movement 316 00:17:01,126 --> 00:17:05,030 is just about to explode in America. 317 00:17:05,030 --> 00:17:07,733 The white community set up laws 318 00:17:07,733 --> 00:17:11,236 that restricted the African American community 319 00:17:11,436 --> 00:17:14,906 from exercising their constitutional rights. 320 00:17:14,906 --> 00:17:20,245 He's growing up in segregation in America at its worst time. 321 00:17:20,245 --> 00:17:22,447 - There are a number of organizations 322 00:17:22,681 --> 00:17:25,650 that were struggling, really, 323 00:17:25,650 --> 00:17:27,986 to address the crisis over civil rights. 324 00:17:27,986 --> 00:17:29,888 Much of the leadership would have been 325 00:17:29,888 --> 00:17:32,023 coming out of the churches. 326 00:17:32,023 --> 00:17:33,125 There was the National Association 327 00:17:33,391 --> 00:17:35,761 for the Advancement of Colored People. 328 00:17:35,761 --> 00:17:38,196 There was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 329 00:17:38,196 --> 00:17:40,565 to which Dr. King, Martin Luther King, 330 00:17:40,565 --> 00:17:44,636 uh, civil rights icon and leader, was a part of. 331 00:17:44,636 --> 00:17:47,172 There's the Urban League, which, as its name suggests, 332 00:17:47,172 --> 00:17:49,141 was involved in improving conditions 333 00:17:49,141 --> 00:17:51,042 of African Americans in cities. 334 00:17:51,042 --> 00:17:54,246 And the Nation of Islam. 335 00:17:54,246 --> 00:17:57,249 - My father was a preacher. 336 00:17:57,249 --> 00:18:01,653 And I used to sit and look at him preach in faith. 337 00:18:01,653 --> 00:18:05,190 - The early Nation of Islam teachings 338 00:18:05,390 --> 00:18:07,993 really worked along several lines. 339 00:18:07,993 --> 00:18:12,097 First there were daily living tips-- 340 00:18:12,097 --> 00:18:13,498 advice, if you will. 341 00:18:13,732 --> 00:18:14,900 Don't eat pork. 342 00:18:14,900 --> 00:18:17,135 Uh, you dress a certain way. 343 00:18:17,135 --> 00:18:19,571 You present yourself a certain way. 344 00:18:19,571 --> 00:18:22,641 That there was no such thing as Heaven and Hell, 345 00:18:22,641 --> 00:18:25,977 which runs counter to the teachings of orthodox Islam. 346 00:18:25,977 --> 00:18:30,682 That white people were devils 347 00:18:30,682 --> 00:18:34,252 and Elijah Muhammad was God's messenger on earth. 348 00:18:36,621 --> 00:18:40,325 - The Nation of Islam is very flesh-and-blood materialist 349 00:18:40,325 --> 00:18:42,861 in their understanding of what evil is, 350 00:18:42,861 --> 00:18:44,262 what good is, and so forth, 351 00:18:44,262 --> 00:18:47,265 as opposed to other religious belief systems 352 00:18:47,265 --> 00:18:50,168 in which there is a spiritual, unseen element. 353 00:18:50,168 --> 00:18:53,238 It's a thoroughly American phenomena. 354 00:18:53,238 --> 00:18:57,275 - The Nation of Islam preached separatism. 355 00:18:57,275 --> 00:18:59,477 - Elijah Muhammad made it very clear, 356 00:18:59,477 --> 00:19:02,214 we tried to live with you, you don't wanna live with us. 357 00:19:02,214 --> 00:19:05,217 - It was totally at odds with 358 00:19:05,217 --> 00:19:08,787 the prevailing integrationist sentiment 359 00:19:08,787 --> 00:19:11,289 of Martin Luther King, Jr. 360 00:19:11,489 --> 00:19:14,092 and other leaders of the civil rights movement. 361 00:19:14,860 --> 00:19:20,699 - ELIJAH MUHAMMAD: 362 00:19:28,940 --> 00:19:31,009 - So if you don't wanna live with [unintelligible], 363 00:19:31,009 --> 00:19:32,110 here's the option: 364 00:19:32,110 --> 00:19:33,345 give us all that we need, 365 00:19:33,578 --> 00:19:36,147 give us a certain amount of land in America, 366 00:19:36,147 --> 00:19:38,984 and let us build a nation of our own, 367 00:19:38,984 --> 00:19:40,652 so we don't have to depend on you 368 00:19:40,652 --> 00:19:44,656 and you don't have to have a contradiction with us. 369 00:19:44,656 --> 00:19:46,958 White America wasn't about to do either of those things, 370 00:19:46,958 --> 00:19:50,362 so the Nation had to go about building a nation 371 00:19:50,595 --> 00:19:52,764 through buying land, building farms, 372 00:19:52,764 --> 00:19:54,900 opening businesses, opening restaurants, 373 00:19:54,900 --> 00:19:58,904 different kinds of local mom-and-pop business 374 00:19:58,904 --> 00:20:01,306 in the Black community, so that the Black community 375 00:20:01,506 --> 00:20:04,175 was indeed controlled by Black people. 376 00:20:05,010 --> 00:20:11,149 - ELIJAH MUHAMMAD: 377 00:20:14,986 --> 00:20:17,389 - [audience cheers and applause] 378 00:20:17,589 --> 00:20:19,724 - CLAUDE: You know, if you're Elijah Muhammad, 379 00:20:19,724 --> 00:20:22,694 and your argument is that the whole thing is rigged, right? 380 00:20:22,694 --> 00:20:25,063 The whole thing is rigged in favor of white people-- 381 00:20:25,063 --> 00:20:26,131 you're not gonna get rights, 382 00:20:26,364 --> 00:20:28,199 stop asking them for the right to vote, 383 00:20:28,199 --> 00:20:30,068 stop asking for civil rights and so forth, 384 00:20:30,068 --> 00:20:31,169 because it's not in the cards for you. 385 00:20:31,536 --> 00:20:33,838 The system is not capable of producing that for you 386 00:20:33,838 --> 00:20:35,874 and it's not designed to do that, okay? 387 00:20:35,874 --> 00:20:40,445 If that's your argument and you're standing in 1959 or 1960, 388 00:20:40,679 --> 00:20:43,348 it's hard to argue against that position. 389 00:20:43,348 --> 00:20:48,420 - [applause] 390 00:20:52,223 --> 00:20:56,227 - Their critique was a powerful critique for a lot of folks. 391 00:20:56,227 --> 00:20:58,763 But I think if you're 18, 19, 392 00:20:58,763 --> 00:21:01,032 20-year-old Cassius Marcellus Clay, 393 00:21:01,032 --> 00:21:05,370 and you're hearing the Nation of Islam's critique, 394 00:21:05,570 --> 00:21:09,207 their critique itself was the sharpest part of the sword. 395 00:21:12,269 --> 00:21:14,404 - ♪ 396 00:21:14,638 --> 00:21:17,140 - Cassius Clay's true indoctrination 397 00:21:17,140 --> 00:21:19,409 into the Nation of Islam began 398 00:21:19,643 --> 00:21:23,380 when he met a man named Abdul Rahman, 399 00:21:23,380 --> 00:21:25,949 formerly known as Captain Sam, 400 00:21:25,949 --> 00:21:30,387 who was in the Miami Temple of the Nation of Islam. 401 00:21:30,387 --> 00:21:34,391 He was selling papers on the street. 402 00:21:34,391 --> 00:21:35,959 They started talking. 403 00:21:35,959 --> 00:21:39,029 Cassius invited Abdul back to his hotel room 404 00:21:39,029 --> 00:21:41,364 to show him his scrapbooks. 405 00:21:41,364 --> 00:21:43,500 And the relationship went from there. 406 00:21:45,068 --> 00:21:48,471 - JAMES: He didn't know what the hell Islam was. 407 00:21:48,672 --> 00:21:51,174 But now he's being introduced to it in Florida. 408 00:21:51,174 --> 00:21:53,176 It makes him feel good about himself. 409 00:21:53,176 --> 00:21:55,211 And he's learning history. 410 00:21:55,211 --> 00:21:58,448 30% of the Africans that was enslaved in the United States 411 00:21:58,682 --> 00:22:01,084 were Muslims before coming here. 412 00:22:01,084 --> 00:22:02,786 And these people had family names. 413 00:22:02,786 --> 00:22:04,354 They had surnames. They had a history. 414 00:22:04,354 --> 00:22:05,922 They had a culture. 415 00:22:05,922 --> 00:22:07,824 The first thing that was taken away was identity 416 00:22:07,824 --> 00:22:09,426 and the first thing to take away identity 417 00:22:09,626 --> 00:22:11,361 is to take away your name. 418 00:22:11,594 --> 00:22:16,199 They were not allowed by threat on life 419 00:22:16,199 --> 00:22:19,436 to continue using African names. 420 00:22:22,172 --> 00:22:23,873 And to make you submit, 421 00:22:23,873 --> 00:22:28,244 you became the property of the individual who owned you. 422 00:22:28,244 --> 00:22:31,281 And that meant you took on their names. 423 00:22:34,217 --> 00:22:35,418 In the Nation of Islam, 424 00:22:35,618 --> 00:22:37,253 there's already hundreds of thousands 425 00:22:37,253 --> 00:22:39,989 of other Black men and women 426 00:22:39,989 --> 00:22:42,992 who have gone through the process of getting a new name 427 00:22:42,992 --> 00:22:48,031 that would tie them back to their ancient African roots. 428 00:22:48,031 --> 00:22:50,467 - Give the slave master back his name, okay? 429 00:22:50,467 --> 00:22:51,935 An X is better than whatever 430 00:22:51,935 --> 00:22:54,104 the slave master had given you before. 431 00:22:54,104 --> 00:22:55,438 Just take the X. 432 00:22:55,772 --> 00:22:59,142 And ideally eventually you would have an original name. 433 00:22:59,142 --> 00:23:01,177 That would have to come from Elijah Muhammad. 434 00:23:01,177 --> 00:23:02,946 He bestowed original names. 435 00:23:02,946 --> 00:23:06,483 So there are people who could go an entire lifetime with X. 436 00:23:08,118 --> 00:23:13,823 - Captain Sam invites Cassius Clay and his brother to Detroit, 437 00:23:13,823 --> 00:23:15,492 where the Honorable Elijah Muhammad 438 00:23:15,725 --> 00:23:18,962 was making a major speech. 439 00:23:18,962 --> 00:23:21,264 And he's going to be introduced, of course, 440 00:23:21,264 --> 00:23:24,467 by his national spokesperson, Malcolm X. 441 00:23:24,667 --> 00:23:26,236 - You are gathered here this afternoon 442 00:23:26,236 --> 00:23:29,873 to hear the Honorable Elijah Muhammad's message, 443 00:23:29,873 --> 00:23:33,343 which you knew in advance was titled 444 00:23:33,343 --> 00:23:36,079 "Separation or Death." 445 00:23:36,079 --> 00:23:37,981 - Captain Sam took them to a restaurant, 446 00:23:37,981 --> 00:23:41,050 where Malcolm X indeed was preparing his speech 447 00:23:41,050 --> 00:23:42,485 for that evening rally. 448 00:23:42,685 --> 00:23:46,289 And there the two met for the first time. 449 00:23:48,425 --> 00:23:51,494 Malcolm had no idea who the young man was. 450 00:23:51,728 --> 00:23:53,062 But that's where the two met, 451 00:23:53,396 --> 00:23:55,498 and they seemed to have had an impression on one another 452 00:23:55,498 --> 00:23:58,902 in that short and very brief meeting. 453 00:24:00,870 --> 00:24:02,505 - I think quickly they recognized something 454 00:24:02,839 --> 00:24:07,076 in one another, and as time moved on, they stayed in touch. 455 00:24:07,076 --> 00:24:11,881 My father had many people in his life that would come by 456 00:24:11,881 --> 00:24:14,851 and who would be nurtured or guided 457 00:24:14,851 --> 00:24:18,254 or where the camaraderie existed. 458 00:24:18,254 --> 00:24:21,257 - We're not asking you to give us some money to make us rich. 459 00:24:21,257 --> 00:24:22,959 We put up businesses. 460 00:24:22,959 --> 00:24:25,128 The Honorable Elijah Muhammad has set up more businesses 461 00:24:25,128 --> 00:24:26,896 than any Black man in America. 462 00:24:26,896 --> 00:24:30,500 - For Cassius Clay to be the student 463 00:24:30,700 --> 00:24:33,036 of the national spokesperson 464 00:24:33,036 --> 00:24:36,506 had to have had enormous impact on him. 465 00:24:36,706 --> 00:24:38,107 - He's not trying to build churches. 466 00:24:38,107 --> 00:24:40,477 He's trying to build, uh, businesses, 467 00:24:40,477 --> 00:24:42,912 'cause businesses make jobs for you 468 00:24:42,912 --> 00:24:45,715 and churches don't make jobs for anybody but preachers. 469 00:24:47,217 --> 00:24:48,585 - ATTALLAH: Cassius Clay-- 470 00:24:48,918 --> 00:24:51,888 I mean, he had a million and one questions all the time. 471 00:24:51,888 --> 00:24:53,957 And my father didn't all-- have all those answers, 472 00:24:53,957 --> 00:24:57,193 but he was along the way for those--that journey. 473 00:24:57,193 --> 00:25:02,365 - [audience applause] 474 00:25:04,067 --> 00:25:05,735 - GREG: The Nation, what it represented, I believe, 475 00:25:05,969 --> 00:25:06,903 to white America, 476 00:25:06,903 --> 00:25:08,972 was a group of Black dudes, 477 00:25:08,972 --> 00:25:12,842 you know, plotting against white America. 478 00:25:12,842 --> 00:25:15,178 And obviously white America, white men in particular, 479 00:25:15,178 --> 00:25:17,013 had been calling the shots for a long time. 480 00:25:17,013 --> 00:25:18,948 And they wanted to hold on to that. 481 00:25:18,948 --> 00:25:21,518 So they would look at any kind of threat against that 482 00:25:21,518 --> 00:25:23,119 as something to become concerned about, 483 00:25:23,119 --> 00:25:25,388 and certainly the Nation they perceived as a threat. 484 00:25:26,990 --> 00:25:32,262 - ROBERT: Being aligned with these scary people 485 00:25:32,262 --> 00:25:37,467 drove a lot of basically magazine and newspaper writers 486 00:25:37,467 --> 00:25:41,271 to try to pry out of Cassius, uh, 487 00:25:41,271 --> 00:25:46,543 his affiliation with Malcolm and Nation of Islam, but he didn't-- 488 00:25:46,743 --> 00:25:48,111 he just didn't talk about it. 489 00:25:48,111 --> 00:25:49,846 He wouldn't talk about it. 490 00:25:49,846 --> 00:25:51,881 - He didn't hide it in terms of his activity. 491 00:25:51,881 --> 00:25:53,550 He moved around. He went to meetings. 492 00:25:53,750 --> 00:25:55,585 He read, he discovered. 493 00:25:55,818 --> 00:25:58,021 And their people just said, lay low. 494 00:25:58,021 --> 00:26:03,960 - ♪ 495 00:26:05,261 --> 00:26:12,168 - ♪ 496 00:26:12,168 --> 00:26:15,305 - THOMAS: Cassius Clay fights Doug Jones in New York 497 00:26:15,305 --> 00:26:17,206 at Madison Square Garden. 498 00:26:17,206 --> 00:26:22,145 In those days, the way you sold a fight to the public, 499 00:26:22,145 --> 00:26:26,249 the way you sold tickets, was through the newspapers. 500 00:26:26,249 --> 00:26:29,185 And what happens? There's a newspaper strike. 501 00:26:30,320 --> 00:26:34,857 Cassius Clay was extraordinary during that time. 502 00:26:34,857 --> 00:26:38,328 He went down to coffeehouses in Greenwich Village 503 00:26:38,328 --> 00:26:40,496 and recited poetry. 504 00:26:40,496 --> 00:26:42,131 He got on radio. 505 00:26:42,131 --> 00:26:44,100 He got on television. 506 00:26:44,100 --> 00:26:47,036 And the bottom line was that fight, 507 00:26:47,036 --> 00:26:51,307 in the middle of a newspaper strike, sold out. 508 00:26:51,307 --> 00:26:53,443 - He was the coming fighter. 509 00:26:53,443 --> 00:26:56,579 He was box office. 510 00:26:56,579 --> 00:26:58,047 - Well, Cassius, they say that the Garden 511 00:26:58,047 --> 00:26:59,983 is gonna be filled for this event. 512 00:26:59,983 --> 00:27:03,186 Uh, why do you think that, uh, you were able to do that? 513 00:27:03,186 --> 00:27:06,222 - Because the main attraction will be Cassius Clay, 514 00:27:06,222 --> 00:27:07,523 The Louisville Lip, 515 00:27:07,824 --> 00:27:11,127 and he has predicted that Doug Jones must fall in six. 516 00:27:11,127 --> 00:27:16,366 - It was an extraordinary marketing performance 517 00:27:16,366 --> 00:27:17,900 by Cassius Clay. 518 00:27:17,900 --> 00:27:20,203 - This will be the 12th straight prediction. 519 00:27:20,203 --> 00:27:21,871 And people would like to-- 520 00:27:21,871 --> 00:27:24,574 just to come to see if this guy is really human. 521 00:27:24,574 --> 00:27:28,211 - Cassius Clay was always fun to watch. 522 00:27:28,211 --> 00:27:31,881 He was fun to watch just sitting there. 523 00:27:31,881 --> 00:27:36,019 I mean, he was certainly fun to watch in the ring. 524 00:27:37,453 --> 00:27:38,921 It was a kind of... 525 00:27:38,921 --> 00:27:42,725 Part of that following that watched 526 00:27:42,725 --> 00:27:47,664 because they were waiting for something bad to happen to him. 527 00:27:47,897 --> 00:27:52,602 - Introducing, from Louisville, Kentucky. 528 00:27:52,602 --> 00:27:55,171 He's wearing white trunks. 529 00:27:55,171 --> 00:28:00,143 He weighs 202 1/2 pounds. 530 00:28:00,143 --> 00:28:03,079 Cassius Clay. Clay. 531 00:28:03,079 --> 00:28:08,051 - Doug Jones was a good, tough fighter. 532 00:28:08,051 --> 00:28:10,553 The things that Clay had done that bothered other guys 533 00:28:10,553 --> 00:28:13,289 didn't seem to bother Doug Jones. 534 00:28:13,289 --> 00:28:14,957 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Cassius Clay has [unintelligible]. 535 00:28:14,957 --> 00:28:17,994 He's in the white trunks, 6'3. 536 00:28:17,994 --> 00:28:20,596 Watch his speedy left hand. He's got a beauty. 537 00:28:20,797 --> 00:28:23,399 And here you have a standing room crowd only 538 00:28:23,399 --> 00:28:24,600 at Madison Square Garden, 539 00:28:24,801 --> 00:28:27,603 which is credit to this 21-year-older. 540 00:28:27,804 --> 00:28:29,205 - As I'm watching, I'm scoring the fight, 541 00:28:29,572 --> 00:28:32,942 and I'm thinking, "Oh my god, this is--this isn't even fun." 542 00:28:32,942 --> 00:28:34,977 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Jones in black, 188. 543 00:28:34,977 --> 00:28:36,612 [unintelligible], and there it is. 544 00:28:36,846 --> 00:28:41,250 - [crowd cheering, whistling] 545 00:28:46,122 --> 00:28:48,591 - MALE COMMENTATOR: A good, solid run. 546 00:28:48,591 --> 00:28:51,627 - This is scary, come on. Come on, Cassius. 547 00:28:51,828 --> 00:28:54,363 Get your act together. 548 00:28:54,363 --> 00:28:57,934 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Good one too by Clay. 549 00:28:57,934 --> 00:29:00,470 45 seconds left in the round. 550 00:29:00,470 --> 00:29:01,637 Clay, in white, 551 00:29:01,871 --> 00:29:04,040 originally predicted a knockout in six. 552 00:29:04,040 --> 00:29:06,576 But then he decided to cut it down to four. 553 00:29:06,576 --> 00:29:08,978 This is the fourth round. 554 00:29:08,978 --> 00:29:12,982 - My sense is that Cassius liked to make good on his predictions. 555 00:29:12,982 --> 00:29:17,386 But he also understood that boxing is a serious game 556 00:29:17,587 --> 00:29:20,556 and saying something doesn't mean that you can do it. 557 00:29:20,556 --> 00:29:23,326 - [crowd jeering] 558 00:29:23,326 --> 00:29:26,028 - MALE COMMENTATOR: 15 seconds to go. 559 00:29:26,028 --> 00:29:29,398 Fans are probably booing about the prediction. 560 00:29:29,398 --> 00:29:30,466 - [bell rings] 561 00:29:30,466 --> 00:29:34,670 - [crowd cheering] 562 00:29:39,375 --> 00:29:41,310 - MALE COMMENATOR: Well, there's always 563 00:29:41,310 --> 00:29:44,647 the possibility of a draw at Madison Square Garden. 564 00:29:44,647 --> 00:29:46,682 - GREG: He won a close decision. 565 00:29:46,883 --> 00:29:51,354 - 5-4, 1 even, in favor of Clay. 566 00:29:53,656 --> 00:29:56,259 - JERRY: A lot of people at ringside don't even watch. 567 00:29:56,259 --> 00:29:59,428 He never showed a command in a fight. 568 00:29:59,428 --> 00:30:00,563 It was a close fight, 569 00:30:00,830 --> 00:30:02,465 so if you wanna flip one or two rounds, 570 00:30:02,465 --> 00:30:04,066 he just got the fight. 571 00:30:04,066 --> 00:30:05,368 Well, he sure didn't look like a contender 572 00:30:05,368 --> 00:30:07,904 for the heavyweight championship. 573 00:30:11,225 --> 00:30:13,660 - ♪ 574 00:30:13,860 --> 00:30:16,129 - JAMES: Malcolm X is at the fight. 575 00:30:16,129 --> 00:30:20,033 He has become a mentor to young Clay. 576 00:30:20,033 --> 00:30:21,768 - CLAUDE: Malcolm X is born Malcolm Little. 577 00:30:22,002 --> 00:30:25,739 He's from, uh, Omaha, Nebraska, born there in 1925. 578 00:30:25,939 --> 00:30:28,408 His father dies at a very early age. 579 00:30:28,408 --> 00:30:31,445 Uh, Malcolm believes he was killed by Klansmen. 580 00:30:31,445 --> 00:30:34,748 His mother is institutionalized for mental health issues, 581 00:30:34,948 --> 00:30:36,450 uh, while he was a youth. 582 00:30:36,450 --> 00:30:38,518 His family is scattered into foster homes, 583 00:30:38,518 --> 00:30:39,720 he and his brothers. 584 00:30:39,920 --> 00:30:41,321 He gets in trouble with the law. 585 00:30:41,321 --> 00:30:44,524 He serves about a seven-year term in prison. 586 00:30:44,524 --> 00:30:46,827 And it's there that one of his brothers introduces him 587 00:30:47,060 --> 00:30:50,297 to the Nation of Islam and its theology. 588 00:30:50,297 --> 00:30:54,268 When he comes out, uh, in the early 1950s, 589 00:30:54,268 --> 00:30:57,938 he's a dedicated true believer in Elijah Muhammad's message. 590 00:30:58,705 --> 00:31:04,845 - ELIJAH MUHAMMAD: 591 00:31:20,661 --> 00:31:22,362 - ♪ 592 00:31:22,362 --> 00:31:26,099 - So much of the focus was on this charismatic, you know, 593 00:31:26,099 --> 00:31:30,237 6'6, red hair spokesperson, you know, Malcolm X. 594 00:31:30,237 --> 00:31:31,772 - The Black people in this country 595 00:31:31,772 --> 00:31:32,806 have been the victims of violence 596 00:31:33,173 --> 00:31:35,409 at the hands of the white man for 400 years. 597 00:31:35,409 --> 00:31:38,612 And following the ignorant Negro preachers, 598 00:31:38,845 --> 00:31:41,782 we have thought that it was godlike to turn the other cheek 599 00:31:41,782 --> 00:31:43,517 to the brute that was brutalizing us. 600 00:31:43,517 --> 00:31:45,719 - And in the time when folks thought that 601 00:31:45,719 --> 00:31:47,788 Martin Luther King was too radical, 602 00:31:47,788 --> 00:31:49,456 in many of their minds, right, 603 00:31:49,456 --> 00:31:51,191 Malcolm X was even worse. 604 00:31:51,191 --> 00:31:52,492 - Today the Honorable Elijah Muhammad 605 00:31:52,492 --> 00:31:54,428 is showing Black people in this country 606 00:31:54,428 --> 00:31:57,097 that just as the white man and every other person on this earth 607 00:31:57,097 --> 00:32:00,434 has God-given rights, natural rights, civil rights, 608 00:32:00,434 --> 00:32:02,135 any kind of rights that you can think of 609 00:32:02,135 --> 00:32:03,737 when it comes to defending himself, 610 00:32:03,737 --> 00:32:05,172 Black people should have-- 611 00:32:05,172 --> 00:32:07,307 we should have the right to defend ourselves also. 612 00:32:07,307 --> 00:32:10,444 - My father was not one to directly recruit anyone. 613 00:32:10,444 --> 00:32:13,680 He would speak to those who were already interested. 614 00:32:13,680 --> 00:32:16,283 He adored Cassius Clay at the time. 615 00:32:16,283 --> 00:32:17,751 They were in touch all the time. 616 00:32:18,051 --> 00:32:19,586 The conversations, you know, to the house in Queens 617 00:32:19,586 --> 00:32:22,823 and me being able to speak to him on the phone. 618 00:32:23,023 --> 00:32:27,160 And my father, being 17 years older than him, 619 00:32:27,160 --> 00:32:30,831 was ahead of the curve in terms of seeing what, 620 00:32:31,031 --> 00:32:33,567 um, was around the bend. 621 00:32:33,567 --> 00:32:37,604 By that time, my father was already a global citizen. 622 00:32:37,804 --> 00:32:41,408 My father's interest in the African American well-being 623 00:32:41,408 --> 00:32:43,677 did not start with the Nation of Islam. 624 00:32:43,677 --> 00:32:45,278 He was born into it. 625 00:32:45,278 --> 00:32:46,646 It's already in motion. 626 00:32:46,947 --> 00:32:50,450 It's not hatched because you enter one entity or another. 627 00:32:50,450 --> 00:32:55,288 - ♪ 628 00:32:56,123 --> 00:32:59,393 - [clock ticking] 629 00:32:59,393 --> 00:33:00,527 - MALE NARRATOR: Several police agencies 630 00:33:00,761 --> 00:33:02,562 were watching the Muslims closely. 631 00:33:02,763 --> 00:33:06,299 The US Justice Department also had them under surveillance. 632 00:33:10,404 --> 00:33:11,638 - CLAUDE: So everyone's investigating 633 00:33:11,638 --> 00:33:12,739 the Nation of Islam. 634 00:33:12,739 --> 00:33:14,341 The FBI has the biggest file. 635 00:33:14,341 --> 00:33:17,544 One part of this censure of the Nation of Islam 636 00:33:17,544 --> 00:33:20,247 is that occasionally they raid a mosque, 637 00:33:20,247 --> 00:33:22,215 uh, just to, you know, show who's boss. 638 00:33:22,215 --> 00:33:25,452 So this happened in the LA mosque. 639 00:33:25,452 --> 00:33:29,556 And one person, Ronald Stokes, was killed. 640 00:33:29,556 --> 00:33:32,459 - In Los Angeles, California last year, 641 00:33:32,459 --> 00:33:35,562 the police shot Ronald Stokes through the heart. 642 00:33:35,562 --> 00:33:38,832 - There were those Muslims who demanded... 643 00:33:39,032 --> 00:33:40,333 as they would, you know, 644 00:33:40,567 --> 00:33:43,603 they'd point to Old Testament biblical justice, 645 00:33:43,603 --> 00:33:44,738 eye for an eye. 646 00:33:45,005 --> 00:33:47,174 They kill one of us, we kill one of them. 647 00:33:47,174 --> 00:33:51,445 - JAMES: Malcolm wanted to take it to the streets. 648 00:33:51,445 --> 00:33:54,681 The Messenger told them, no, that's not the way we do this. 649 00:33:54,681 --> 00:33:56,049 We are a spiritual people. 650 00:33:56,049 --> 00:33:58,185 This is a spiritual community. 651 00:33:58,185 --> 00:34:00,353 We will take it Allah, 652 00:34:00,353 --> 00:34:04,591 and the power of Allah will deal with these, uh, devils 653 00:34:04,591 --> 00:34:08,328 for what they have done to Brother Stokes. 654 00:34:08,328 --> 00:34:11,731 - CLAUDE: It's a fissure within the Nation of Islam. 655 00:34:11,731 --> 00:34:13,266 Elijah Muhammad says, wait. 656 00:34:13,266 --> 00:34:15,168 The devil's going to get his comeuppance. 657 00:34:15,168 --> 00:34:17,604 We have to wait for Allah to work this out 658 00:34:17,604 --> 00:34:20,173 in his own good time. We can't be premature. 659 00:34:20,173 --> 00:34:21,408 And then there are others, 660 00:34:21,641 --> 00:34:24,144 and Malcolm X I think leaned in this direction, 661 00:34:24,144 --> 00:34:27,380 that said, all this talk about Black manhood 662 00:34:27,380 --> 00:34:29,850 and take care of yourself and taking care of the community 663 00:34:29,850 --> 00:34:30,884 and protecting yourself-- 664 00:34:31,117 --> 00:34:34,888 they came into our--our sanctuary 665 00:34:35,121 --> 00:34:36,556 and killed one of our brothers. 666 00:34:36,823 --> 00:34:40,494 And we don't really want to hear anything about patience. 667 00:34:40,494 --> 00:34:42,429 Elijah Muhammad never talked about revolution 668 00:34:42,429 --> 00:34:45,265 or decolonization or armed struggle. 669 00:34:45,265 --> 00:34:46,700 That was not his Nation of Islam. 670 00:34:46,700 --> 00:34:48,435 That was Malcolm X. 671 00:34:53,373 --> 00:34:55,342 - JAMES: At this point, Cassius Clay 672 00:34:55,342 --> 00:34:59,346 has become a civil rights spokesperson, in a way. 673 00:34:59,346 --> 00:35:01,481 I mean, he's talking about being a champion. 674 00:35:01,481 --> 00:35:03,717 He's talking about knocking out whomever he wants, 675 00:35:03,717 --> 00:35:05,218 when he wants. 676 00:35:05,218 --> 00:35:07,387 He's talking about how proud he is of himself. 677 00:35:07,387 --> 00:35:09,556 He's talking about how beautiful he is. 678 00:35:09,556 --> 00:35:11,658 - And the big ugly bear I call Mr. Liston. 679 00:35:11,858 --> 00:35:13,860 He's too ugly to be the world's heavyweight champion. 680 00:35:13,860 --> 00:35:14,928 Women don't like ugly men. 681 00:35:15,195 --> 00:35:17,264 They should be good-looking like me. 682 00:35:17,264 --> 00:35:21,668 - And the press is going after him for those statements. 683 00:35:21,868 --> 00:35:26,206 And so now he is having to defend himself as a Black man. 684 00:35:26,206 --> 00:35:30,544 - It's still rare to see African Americans on television. 685 00:35:30,544 --> 00:35:35,382 Uh, sports, particularly boxing, had an outsize influence 686 00:35:35,382 --> 00:35:38,685 on the way that people saw--saw Black folks. 687 00:35:41,521 --> 00:35:43,890 - MARK: There's no question that Cassius Clay 688 00:35:43,890 --> 00:35:48,194 is a star in 1963. 689 00:35:48,194 --> 00:35:51,531 He was a prototypical 21, 22-year-old 690 00:35:51,531 --> 00:35:54,501 who had just come into celebrity and just come into money. 691 00:35:54,501 --> 00:35:56,202 And he carried himself that way. 692 00:35:56,202 --> 00:35:57,604 Incredibly handsome. 693 00:35:57,904 --> 00:36:01,207 He had his pick and choice of women at that point in time. 694 00:36:01,207 --> 00:36:03,109 - Miss Dee Dee Sharp, we understand you have become 695 00:36:03,109 --> 00:36:06,880 an admirer of Cassius Clay, the heavyweight challenger. 696 00:36:07,080 --> 00:36:08,615 - DEE DEE: I met him. 697 00:36:08,615 --> 00:36:11,251 I said, "Hi, how are you? Nice to meet you." 698 00:36:11,251 --> 00:36:12,886 And he said, "You don't know who I am?" 699 00:36:13,086 --> 00:36:16,389 I said, "No, I don't." 700 00:36:16,389 --> 00:36:19,359 "Well, I am the greatest." 701 00:36:19,359 --> 00:36:22,929 I'm like, "Okay. That's... 702 00:36:23,163 --> 00:36:24,698 Yeah, that's nice." 703 00:36:24,698 --> 00:36:26,833 - Who are you gonna be pulling for? 704 00:36:26,833 --> 00:36:28,902 - Well, Cassius. 705 00:36:29,135 --> 00:36:30,704 - Well, it's kind of hard to say that 706 00:36:30,704 --> 00:36:32,939 with him sitting right here. Is that the way you feel? 707 00:36:32,939 --> 00:36:33,907 - She--she knows I'm the greatest 708 00:36:34,140 --> 00:36:35,542 like she's the greatest. 709 00:36:35,542 --> 00:36:36,910 You can't name a woman in rock-and-roll 710 00:36:36,910 --> 00:36:38,678 that sing like her. 711 00:36:38,678 --> 00:36:42,415 - And he said, "Well, now, give me your address." 712 00:36:42,415 --> 00:36:45,585 'Cause he--he talked crazy, 713 00:36:45,585 --> 00:36:49,422 but he was an intelligent person. 714 00:36:49,422 --> 00:36:53,293 I said, "Okay, fine, all right." 715 00:36:53,293 --> 00:36:56,930 And that's when we went out on our first date. 716 00:36:57,130 --> 00:36:59,833 My grandfather, he was a minister. 717 00:36:59,833 --> 00:37:01,368 He was a pastor. 718 00:37:01,368 --> 00:37:02,936 My favorite gospel song-- 719 00:37:03,136 --> 00:37:05,238 ♪ Yes ♪ 720 00:37:05,238 --> 00:37:08,942 ♪ Jesus loves me ♪ 721 00:37:09,175 --> 00:37:13,513 ♪ For the Bible ♪ 722 00:37:13,513 --> 00:37:19,452 ♪ Tells me so ♪ 723 00:37:19,452 --> 00:37:24,658 We were taught strict rules and regulations. 724 00:37:24,658 --> 00:37:25,959 He did not play. 725 00:37:26,159 --> 00:37:28,495 My mom didn't play. 726 00:37:28,495 --> 00:37:32,365 You--you stepped out of line, you got knocked out. 727 00:37:32,365 --> 00:37:35,035 My mother was so strict, 728 00:37:35,035 --> 00:37:40,974 she wouldn't even let me and Marcellus go on a date 729 00:37:41,174 --> 00:37:45,779 until my brother came with us. 730 00:37:45,979 --> 00:37:50,917 He came in here in this limousine with a chauffeur 731 00:37:50,917 --> 00:37:52,819 and he rang the doorbell. 732 00:37:52,819 --> 00:37:54,387 - [doorbell ringing] 733 00:37:54,387 --> 00:37:57,691 - DEE DEE: And everybody was crowding around the car 734 00:37:57,691 --> 00:38:00,527 because they knew who he was. 735 00:38:00,527 --> 00:38:02,962 They knew him as Cassius Clay. 736 00:38:03,163 --> 00:38:05,398 But I...I still didn't... 737 00:38:05,398 --> 00:38:06,466 [snickering] 738 00:38:06,466 --> 00:38:08,768 I was infatuated, I think. 739 00:38:08,968 --> 00:38:12,405 I don't know whether it was love at first sight for him. 740 00:38:12,405 --> 00:38:15,642 But I was truly infatuated with this man. 741 00:38:15,642 --> 00:38:20,213 - ♪ 742 00:38:22,550 --> 00:38:27,555 - ♪ 743 00:38:27,555 --> 00:38:30,424 - Cassius was offered a lot of money to fight in England 744 00:38:30,424 --> 00:38:31,959 against Henry Cooper. 745 00:38:32,159 --> 00:38:33,327 Let's go take it. 746 00:38:33,327 --> 00:38:35,696 It should be an easy fight. 747 00:38:35,696 --> 00:38:38,299 Cooper really was not expected 748 00:38:38,299 --> 00:38:40,701 to be competitive with Cassius Clay. 749 00:38:40,701 --> 00:38:44,438 Cassius predicted a fifth-round knockout. 750 00:38:44,438 --> 00:38:46,473 - Oh, Henry Cooper's nothing but a tramp, he's a bum. 751 00:38:46,473 --> 00:38:48,642 I'm the world's greatest. He must fall in five rounds. 752 00:38:48,642 --> 00:38:51,011 But if he talk about me, I'll cut it to three. 753 00:38:51,011 --> 00:38:54,515 - [crowd cheering and applause] 754 00:38:54,515 --> 00:38:57,751 - JIM: Oh, I--I saw the Henry Cooper fight. 755 00:38:57,751 --> 00:39:02,990 And I learned a little bit from that about what a trainer does. 756 00:39:03,223 --> 00:39:04,391 - MALE COMMENTATOR: So here we go. 757 00:39:04,391 --> 00:39:05,759 The fight of the year. 758 00:39:06,126 --> 00:39:08,762 Clay from the right-hand corner against Cooper of Britain. 759 00:39:08,963 --> 00:39:11,966 And Clay has said, "I'll beat him in five." 760 00:39:12,166 --> 00:39:13,601 We'll see. 761 00:39:13,601 --> 00:39:16,437 - Everything went as he had planned it. 762 00:39:16,437 --> 00:39:19,473 He was beating Cooper with ease. 763 00:39:19,473 --> 00:39:21,842 Cooper was cut. 764 00:39:21,842 --> 00:39:23,177 - [bell rings] 765 00:39:23,177 --> 00:39:24,678 - MALE COMMENTATOR: So the bell ends the second. 766 00:39:24,678 --> 00:39:26,013 So Cooper is cut underneath his left eye 767 00:39:26,246 --> 00:39:27,514 It's worse than a slight cut, 768 00:39:27,514 --> 00:39:29,817 so a couple of left jabs on his left eye. 769 00:39:30,017 --> 00:39:32,886 - Henry Cooper was a valiant fighter. 770 00:39:32,886 --> 00:39:34,622 He had a good left hook. 771 00:39:34,622 --> 00:39:37,825 But he cut so easily, you know. 772 00:39:38,058 --> 00:39:43,163 If you rubbed a terrycloth towel across his face, he might cut. 773 00:39:43,163 --> 00:39:44,798 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Got his left eye patched up now. 774 00:39:44,798 --> 00:39:46,600 [unintelligible] with that left hand. 775 00:39:46,600 --> 00:39:48,535 And now he's cut over the left eye. 776 00:39:48,535 --> 00:39:50,504 Henry Cooper is cut over the left eye. 777 00:39:50,504 --> 00:39:53,841 And it looks to me like a very bad cut indeed. 778 00:39:54,041 --> 00:39:58,212 - Cassius was really fooling around, extending the fight, 779 00:39:58,212 --> 00:40:04,151 so he could make good on his fifth-round knockout prediction. 780 00:40:04,151 --> 00:40:05,819 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Sitting down at the ringside 781 00:40:05,819 --> 00:40:09,757 is one of Clay's 11 managers, Will Faversham. 782 00:40:09,757 --> 00:40:12,226 And he told Cassius Clay in the interval, 783 00:40:12,226 --> 00:40:15,429 "Cut out the funny business and get down to work." 784 00:40:15,429 --> 00:40:17,498 And Cooper's eye already bleeding again 785 00:40:17,498 --> 00:40:18,799 in the fourth round. 786 00:40:19,133 --> 00:40:20,934 - And then, of course, at the end of the fourth round-- 787 00:40:24,938 --> 00:40:29,443 - [crowd shouting] 788 00:40:29,443 --> 00:40:31,478 - MALE COMMENTATOR: The bell has sounded. 789 00:40:31,478 --> 00:40:34,848 And he's up in about three, Clay. 790 00:40:34,848 --> 00:40:36,717 That was the end of the fourth round, 791 00:40:36,717 --> 00:40:39,920 and he hit him about two seconds before the end of the round 792 00:40:39,920 --> 00:40:41,722 with a left hook. 793 00:40:41,722 --> 00:40:44,091 He took one cross too many. 794 00:40:44,291 --> 00:40:46,593 And he still doesn't know where he is! 795 00:40:46,593 --> 00:40:48,595 He's still half out, Clay. 796 00:40:48,595 --> 00:40:50,731 They're working furiously on him in the corner. 797 00:40:50,731 --> 00:40:52,433 Angelo Dundee, his trainer, 798 00:40:52,433 --> 00:40:55,135 he really is giving him a talking to. 799 00:40:55,135 --> 00:40:59,073 - Cooper hit him with this hellacious left hook, 800 00:40:59,073 --> 00:41:01,075 knocked him down, hurt him. 801 00:41:01,275 --> 00:41:02,476 He was stunned. 802 00:41:02,743 --> 00:41:06,180 If there had been another minute left in the round, 803 00:41:06,180 --> 00:41:09,883 Cooper might have been able to finish him off. 804 00:41:10,084 --> 00:41:12,419 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Clay knocked down two seconds 805 00:41:12,419 --> 00:41:14,788 from the end of the fourth round. 806 00:41:14,788 --> 00:41:16,490 And he got up just after the bell. 807 00:41:16,690 --> 00:41:20,794 And he doesn't know where he is. He's looking at his corner. 808 00:41:20,794 --> 00:41:25,232 - When a fighter has been caught with a huge punch, 809 00:41:25,232 --> 00:41:29,937 one minute is not sufficient time to shake off the cobwebs. 810 00:41:29,937 --> 00:41:33,140 Old-school trainers like Angelo Dundee, they know that. 811 00:41:33,340 --> 00:41:36,944 And now, uh, "Ref? Torn glove." 812 00:41:37,144 --> 00:41:38,645 - MALE COMMENTATOR: And something extraordinary 813 00:41:38,979 --> 00:41:42,683 has happened because referee Tommy Little has gone over 814 00:41:42,683 --> 00:41:45,552 to the timekeeper to ask something. 815 00:41:45,552 --> 00:41:48,589 - If you look at the full video of that fight, 816 00:41:48,589 --> 00:41:50,224 the period between rounds, 817 00:41:50,224 --> 00:41:53,560 which has been done many times by many people, 818 00:41:53,560 --> 00:41:56,830 the delay was only a matter of six seconds. 819 00:41:56,830 --> 00:42:00,067 And that really didn't give extra time to recover. 820 00:42:00,868 --> 00:42:02,469 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Out they come for round five. 821 00:42:02,469 --> 00:42:04,138 And now round five is the round in which 822 00:42:04,138 --> 00:42:06,373 Clay thought he would beat Cooper. 823 00:42:06,373 --> 00:42:08,175 But now the crowd at Wembley 824 00:42:08,175 --> 00:42:11,612 have been willing to pay for a Cooper win. 825 00:42:11,612 --> 00:42:14,414 Clay on the floor at the end of the fourth. 826 00:42:14,414 --> 00:42:16,116 And now fighting to preserve 827 00:42:16,116 --> 00:42:18,585 his professional rank here against Henry Cooper 828 00:42:19,686 --> 00:42:23,023 And now Cooper was seconds away from stopping Clay 829 00:42:23,023 --> 00:42:24,992 And I think Tommy Little will have to stop this 830 00:42:24,992 --> 00:42:27,027 because Cooper's eye is really-- 831 00:42:27,027 --> 00:42:29,329 well, it's absolutely a terrible state 832 00:42:29,329 --> 00:42:30,964 And Tommy Little is looking at it. 833 00:42:31,198 --> 00:42:32,533 - [crowd jeering] 834 00:42:32,833 --> 00:42:34,768 - MALE COMMENTATOR: And he's had to stop the fight. 835 00:42:35,002 --> 00:42:36,403 - THOMAS: He'd just beat Henry Cooper 836 00:42:36,403 --> 00:42:38,038 the way he was supposed to, 837 00:42:38,038 --> 00:42:40,274 opened up the cut, the fight was stopped. 838 00:42:40,274 --> 00:42:41,608 - [bell rings] 839 00:42:41,608 --> 00:42:45,779 - [crowd jeering] 840 00:42:47,881 --> 00:42:56,290 - ♪ 841 00:42:56,290 --> 00:42:57,591 - THOMAS: Cassius Clay's goal 842 00:42:57,858 --> 00:43:00,127 is to become the heavyweight champion of the world. 843 00:43:03,297 --> 00:43:06,300 But nobody thought he'd be able to do it if he got in the ring 844 00:43:06,300 --> 00:43:08,302 with somebody like Sonny Liston. 845 00:43:08,302 --> 00:43:15,309 - ♪ 846 00:43:16,443 --> 00:43:18,245 - MALE REPORTER: We've come to Las Vegas to see if Patterson 847 00:43:18,245 --> 00:43:21,582 can do any better than he did last time against Liston. 848 00:43:21,582 --> 00:43:23,350 With Patterson, you get the impression 849 00:43:23,350 --> 00:43:26,119 he's carrying the whole of the United States on his shoulders. 850 00:43:26,119 --> 00:43:29,189 - Patterson exercised the rematch clause. 851 00:43:29,189 --> 00:43:31,458 - I met the president of the United States. 852 00:43:31,458 --> 00:43:32,559 And he had said to me, 853 00:43:32,793 --> 00:43:34,127 uh, "You want to try to keep the title 854 00:43:34,127 --> 00:43:36,330 because you represent something good." 855 00:43:36,330 --> 00:43:39,366 - MALE REPORTER: In Las Vegas, an eclipse of the sun is due. 856 00:43:39,366 --> 00:43:42,669 But almost no one anticipates an eclipse of Sonny. 857 00:43:42,669 --> 00:43:46,907 - [crowd cheering] 858 00:43:53,947 --> 00:43:58,385 - Floyd Patterson got knocked out in the first round again. 859 00:43:58,385 --> 00:43:59,653 Clay was at the fight. 860 00:43:59,653 --> 00:44:01,655 And he jumped into the ring 861 00:44:01,655 --> 00:44:05,626 and took the spotlight from Liston. 862 00:44:05,626 --> 00:44:08,428 He violated all of the-- 863 00:44:08,428 --> 00:44:11,698 the protocols of decorum. 864 00:44:11,698 --> 00:44:14,268 And he made Liston mad. 865 00:44:14,268 --> 00:44:23,577 - ♪ 866 00:44:29,149 --> 00:44:33,587 - November 22, 1963, John F. Kennedy, 867 00:44:33,587 --> 00:44:36,723 um, the first and only Catholic president 868 00:44:36,723 --> 00:44:38,492 until Joe Biden, 869 00:44:38,492 --> 00:44:40,761 um, is assassinated in Dallas. 870 00:44:40,761 --> 00:44:43,196 For many Black folks, you know, 871 00:44:43,196 --> 00:44:46,600 it's seen as the death of promise, right? 872 00:44:46,600 --> 00:44:49,569 He was the first white politician, 873 00:44:49,569 --> 00:44:53,106 really since Abraham Lincoln, um, 874 00:44:53,106 --> 00:44:56,510 to really publicly embrace the cause of Black folks. 875 00:44:56,510 --> 00:44:58,178 - MALE REPORTER: And now, the casket. 876 00:45:00,514 --> 00:45:04,418 John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th president of the United States, 877 00:45:04,418 --> 00:45:07,120 leaving the White House for the last time. 878 00:45:07,120 --> 00:45:10,791 - CLAUDE: The split between Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammad, 879 00:45:11,024 --> 00:45:12,526 you could say it was a long time coming, 880 00:45:12,526 --> 00:45:14,194 but it needed a spark. 881 00:45:14,194 --> 00:45:17,664 That spark was the JFK assassination. 882 00:45:17,664 --> 00:45:21,535 Elijah Muhammad says to his ministers, 883 00:45:21,535 --> 00:45:22,569 don't say anything about 884 00:45:22,836 --> 00:45:24,805 President Kennedy's assassination. 885 00:45:25,005 --> 00:45:26,306 We don't need the heat, you know? 886 00:45:26,306 --> 00:45:28,375 If you go and say something off color, 887 00:45:28,375 --> 00:45:29,643 you know, to the press, 888 00:45:29,643 --> 00:45:30,811 even though right before his death 889 00:45:31,044 --> 00:45:32,279 we said all the awful things, 890 00:45:32,479 --> 00:45:34,514 the worst things we could think about, about him-- 891 00:45:34,514 --> 00:45:36,183 he's white devil number one, 892 00:45:36,183 --> 00:45:40,020 he was responsible for, uh, the civil rights movement 893 00:45:40,220 --> 00:45:41,555 not making progress. 894 00:45:41,555 --> 00:45:43,056 Despite all of what we said, 895 00:45:43,256 --> 00:45:44,958 in this moment of national mourning, don't say anything. 896 00:45:47,828 --> 00:45:51,198 - JAMES: Malcolm had a meeting. 897 00:45:51,198 --> 00:45:53,333 People kept badgering him about 898 00:45:53,333 --> 00:45:55,202 what he thought of the death of the president. 899 00:45:55,202 --> 00:45:59,139 And I thought he gave an off-of-the-cuff statement 900 00:45:59,139 --> 00:46:00,774 that would have been meaningless-- 901 00:46:00,974 --> 00:46:02,175 had it been anything else 902 00:46:02,409 --> 00:46:03,510 except the president of the United States, 903 00:46:03,744 --> 00:46:04,644 it might have been meaningless. 904 00:46:05,012 --> 00:46:06,747 - Malcolm say he thought it was a case of 905 00:46:06,747 --> 00:46:08,515 "the chickens coming home to roost." 906 00:46:08,515 --> 00:46:12,219 That is, just as Kennedy, according to Malcolm, 907 00:46:12,219 --> 00:46:16,490 had done nothing while Negroes were being killed in the South, 908 00:46:16,490 --> 00:46:21,128 just as he's exporting violence to Southeast Asia, 909 00:46:21,128 --> 00:46:22,729 that same violence and tolerance of violence 910 00:46:22,963 --> 00:46:25,699 just came back and killed-- took the president's life. 911 00:46:25,699 --> 00:46:27,701 - Um, Malcolm was disobedient. 912 00:46:27,701 --> 00:46:30,871 Um, that was a very... 913 00:46:31,104 --> 00:46:33,707 That was a statement that was like 914 00:46:33,707 --> 00:46:35,709 throwing gasoline on the fire. 915 00:46:35,709 --> 00:46:37,144 - MAN: --Elijah Muhammad. 916 00:46:37,144 --> 00:46:39,179 Minister Malcolm did not speak for the Muslims 917 00:46:39,179 --> 00:46:41,048 when he made comments on the death of the president, 918 00:46:41,248 --> 00:46:42,582 John F. Kennedy. 919 00:46:42,849 --> 00:46:46,520 He was speaking for himself and not the Muslims in general. 920 00:46:46,520 --> 00:46:49,389 And Minister Malcolm has been suspended from public speaking 921 00:46:49,389 --> 00:46:51,091 for the time being. 922 00:46:51,324 --> 00:46:53,827 - Malcolm X was silenced. 923 00:46:53,827 --> 00:46:57,831 And he suspected that he would not 924 00:46:57,831 --> 00:47:00,467 be brought back into the Nation of Islam 925 00:47:00,467 --> 00:47:03,303 and given his prime position 926 00:47:03,303 --> 00:47:07,374 because he was seen as a threat to Elijah Muhammad. 927 00:47:12,412 --> 00:47:15,816 - ♪ 928 00:47:16,049 --> 00:47:19,486 - In the normal progression of events, 929 00:47:19,486 --> 00:47:22,656 there would be no way that Cassius Clay 930 00:47:22,856 --> 00:47:25,759 would fight for the heavyweight championship of the world. 931 00:47:25,759 --> 00:47:28,495 He had not paid his dues. 932 00:47:28,495 --> 00:47:31,865 Nobody wants to fight Liston. He can beat anybody. 933 00:47:33,233 --> 00:47:35,735 But boxing needed the box office. 934 00:47:35,735 --> 00:47:39,606 - [reporters shouting questions] 935 00:47:39,606 --> 00:47:42,876 - ROBERT: Cassius Clay, he did a lot of things, you know, 936 00:47:43,076 --> 00:47:45,879 stomping around Miami. 937 00:47:45,879 --> 00:47:49,349 He would go up to Liston's camp. 938 00:47:49,349 --> 00:47:52,819 "Oh, the big ugly bear! I want the big ugly bear!" 939 00:47:52,819 --> 00:47:56,123 Anywhere he went, he could create a crowd. 940 00:47:56,123 --> 00:47:58,725 - DAMION: Liston got really upset 941 00:47:58,725 --> 00:48:01,862 when Clay showed up at his house 942 00:48:02,062 --> 00:48:03,830 late into the evening 943 00:48:04,030 --> 00:48:08,502 and sat on his front lawn and berated him, 944 00:48:08,502 --> 00:48:13,507 called him names, and challenged him to a fight. 945 00:48:13,507 --> 00:48:17,511 Liston decided that he was going to make his title defense 946 00:48:17,511 --> 00:48:18,879 against Cassius Clay, 947 00:48:19,112 --> 00:48:20,614 and that he was gonna teach him a lesson. 948 00:48:20,614 --> 00:48:22,816 - Don't you have any respect for him at all? 949 00:48:22,816 --> 00:48:23,817 As a fighter? 950 00:48:23,817 --> 00:48:25,552 - As a fighter? 951 00:48:25,552 --> 00:48:28,889 I think he should be locked up for impersonating a fighter. 952 00:48:28,889 --> 00:48:30,557 - He whoops me-- 953 00:48:30,557 --> 00:48:33,894 you tell it to your camera, your TV man, your radio man, 954 00:48:33,894 --> 00:48:36,329 and you right there in the whole world, 955 00:48:36,329 --> 00:48:40,333 if Sonny Liston whoops me, I'll kiss his feet in the ring! 956 00:48:40,333 --> 00:48:42,602 Hell, out of the ring, on my knee! 957 00:48:42,602 --> 00:48:43,904 Tell him he is the greatest, 958 00:48:44,104 --> 00:48:45,906 and catch the next jet out of the country. 959 00:48:45,906 --> 00:48:48,542 - [shouting, laughter] 960 00:48:49,442 --> 00:48:50,944 - The drama 961 00:48:51,178 --> 00:48:55,649 was about just how badly 962 00:48:55,649 --> 00:48:59,819 this monster was gonna destroy 963 00:49:00,053 --> 00:49:04,024 this bubbling, beautiful, innocent kid. 964 00:49:07,194 --> 00:49:09,863 - JIM: My father died when I was five years old. 965 00:49:10,063 --> 00:49:14,301 My Nashville-born, Memphis-raised mother 966 00:49:14,301 --> 00:49:16,703 had an anti-racist consciousness 967 00:49:16,903 --> 00:49:20,874 that was certainly the position from which she was raising me 968 00:49:20,874 --> 00:49:23,710 and my older brother. 969 00:49:23,910 --> 00:49:27,847 When I read in the newspaper that Clay would challenge Liston 970 00:49:28,081 --> 00:49:30,917 for the heavyweight championship on Miami Beach, 971 00:49:31,117 --> 00:49:32,452 my mother told me, she said, 972 00:49:32,686 --> 00:49:36,623 "That's going to be an extremely expensive ticket. 973 00:49:36,623 --> 00:49:40,894 That's going to be something that you and I can't afford." 974 00:49:41,094 --> 00:49:46,466 I began saving car washing and lawn mowing money. 975 00:49:46,466 --> 00:49:50,870 Here's a very young, Black, Southern man, 976 00:49:50,870 --> 00:49:55,308 who is using a slave name 977 00:49:55,308 --> 00:49:58,612 to taunt the white establishment. 978 00:49:58,612 --> 00:50:03,750 You couldn't have fabricated a more perfect hero 979 00:50:03,750 --> 00:50:08,121 for the 11-year-old Jim Lampley. 980 00:50:08,355 --> 00:50:12,359 - ♪ 981 00:50:12,359 --> 00:50:17,297 - THOMAS: White America wants Cassius Clay to be the good guy. 982 00:50:17,297 --> 00:50:20,934 He's this charming, entertaining, brash young man. 983 00:50:20,934 --> 00:50:23,370 - [audience laughter] 984 00:50:23,370 --> 00:50:25,005 - Uh, move that way a little bit. 985 00:50:25,205 --> 00:50:26,940 You're standing in front of my candelabra. 986 00:50:27,173 --> 00:50:31,011 - [audience laughter, applause] 987 00:50:32,679 --> 00:50:34,447 - He's loads of fun. 988 00:50:34,447 --> 00:50:37,984 He's gonna come in and once again, we'll, you know, 989 00:50:38,184 --> 00:50:41,321 have a guy, if he were to become heavyweight champion, 990 00:50:41,321 --> 00:50:43,490 but he's not gonna become heavyweight champion, 991 00:50:43,490 --> 00:50:45,625 because there's no way he can beat Liston. 992 00:50:45,625 --> 00:50:47,661 But if he were able to, you know, once again, 993 00:50:47,661 --> 00:50:49,929 we'd have a heavyweight champion who's fun, 994 00:50:49,929 --> 00:50:52,465 we can enjoy, and get along with. 995 00:50:52,465 --> 00:50:54,634 - Ladies and gentlemen, for those of you out there 996 00:50:54,634 --> 00:50:57,304 who won't be able to see the Clay/Liston fight, 997 00:50:57,304 --> 00:51:00,407 here is the eighth round exactly as it will happen. 998 00:51:02,776 --> 00:51:04,911 Clay comes out to meet Liston. 999 00:51:04,911 --> 00:51:06,980 And Liston starts to retreat. 1000 00:51:07,213 --> 00:51:09,349 If Liston goes back any farther, 1001 00:51:09,349 --> 00:51:11,951 he'll end up in a ringside seat. 1002 00:51:12,152 --> 00:51:14,621 Clay swings with a left, Clay swings with a right. 1003 00:51:14,621 --> 00:51:17,290 Look at young Cassius carry the fight! 1004 00:51:17,290 --> 00:51:18,892 - DAMION: I think his appearances 1005 00:51:18,892 --> 00:51:20,527 on a number of these shows, 1006 00:51:20,527 --> 00:51:24,798 in some ways, it kind of took some of the spotlight 1007 00:51:24,798 --> 00:51:28,201 off of his unique boxing skills. 1008 00:51:31,538 --> 00:51:33,773 - ♪ 1009 00:51:33,773 --> 00:51:35,909 - DEE DEE: I was in San Francisco performing. 1010 00:51:35,909 --> 00:51:38,812 I was doing a show with, um, 1011 00:51:38,812 --> 00:51:43,083 Stevie Wonder, The Ronettes. 1012 00:51:43,316 --> 00:51:45,618 I was in my dressing room. 1013 00:51:45,618 --> 00:51:48,421 He said, "Well, y'all, wait a minute, wait a minute." 1014 00:51:48,421 --> 00:51:54,027 And just had this box, and he just popped out the ring. 1015 00:51:54,027 --> 00:51:56,696 I'm like, "What are you saying?" 1016 00:51:56,696 --> 00:51:59,632 And he said, "Will you marry me?" 1017 00:51:59,632 --> 00:52:01,868 I'm like, I said yes. 1018 00:52:01,868 --> 00:52:03,503 I said yes. 1019 00:52:03,503 --> 00:52:07,540 The fact that he wanted to marry me, it was shocking. 1020 00:52:07,540 --> 00:52:10,043 - ♪ 1021 00:52:14,247 --> 00:52:16,783 - In the last couple of months prior to the fight, 1022 00:52:16,783 --> 00:52:21,688 I loudly trumpeted to everyone in my neighborhood 1023 00:52:21,688 --> 00:52:26,459 that I was going to the fight, and that I was going to be there 1024 00:52:26,459 --> 00:52:29,362 when Cassius Clay was going to upset the world, 1025 00:52:29,362 --> 00:52:32,098 and, um, prove that he was the greatest, 1026 00:52:32,332 --> 00:52:34,000 and become the youngest 1027 00:52:34,000 --> 00:52:35,969 heavyweight champion of all time. 1028 00:52:35,969 --> 00:52:41,708 - ♪ 1029 00:52:41,708 --> 00:52:44,744 - My neighbors took great pride and delight 1030 00:52:44,744 --> 00:52:50,049 in, uh, ridiculing me and abusing me. 1031 00:52:50,049 --> 00:52:52,419 Liston was the real thing. 1032 00:52:52,419 --> 00:52:55,388 Liston was a legitimate destroyer. 1033 00:52:55,388 --> 00:52:58,091 Liston was not a talking pretty boy 1034 00:52:58,324 --> 00:53:01,795 like this show-off from Louisville. 1035 00:53:04,230 --> 00:53:06,633 - ATTALLAH: I had a conversation with Cassius. 1036 00:53:06,633 --> 00:53:09,702 And he asked me had I ever been to Miami. 1037 00:53:09,702 --> 00:53:12,038 And I said, "Nope." 1038 00:53:12,272 --> 00:53:14,240 So it was my parents' anniversary. 1039 00:53:14,240 --> 00:53:17,076 So we thought, as a family, that this would be a cool time. 1040 00:53:17,076 --> 00:53:18,678 And so since my parents, 1041 00:53:18,678 --> 00:53:21,381 while we had traveled quite a bit, 1042 00:53:21,381 --> 00:53:23,383 they had never had a honeymoon per se. 1043 00:53:23,383 --> 00:53:25,185 So we called it a "familymoon." 1044 00:53:27,821 --> 00:53:31,658 - JAMES: He came to Miami as a guest of Cassius Clay, 1045 00:53:31,658 --> 00:53:35,695 um, who was his friend and his student and his brother. 1046 00:53:35,695 --> 00:53:39,566 And Malcolm was suspended from the Nation and he was silent. 1047 00:53:39,566 --> 00:53:41,835 And he was going through a lot of crisis. 1048 00:53:41,835 --> 00:53:44,404 And so Clay invited him to bring Betty and the kids 1049 00:53:44,404 --> 00:53:46,439 and come down there and have a little vacation, relax, 1050 00:53:46,439 --> 00:53:47,874 get this off of your mind. 1051 00:53:48,107 --> 00:53:53,213 - Malcolm was very much of part of Cassius Clay's life. 1052 00:53:54,647 --> 00:53:56,249 - ROBERT: And so there were probably 1053 00:53:56,449 --> 00:53:59,786 a couple of opportunities where they were seen together. 1054 00:53:59,786 --> 00:54:02,055 - Somebody sees Malcolm X, and recognizes him, 1055 00:54:02,255 --> 00:54:03,156 and writes a story. 1056 00:54:03,389 --> 00:54:06,593 Is Clay a Black Muslim? 1057 00:54:06,593 --> 00:54:09,629 Ticket sales [whistles] right into the toilet. 1058 00:54:09,629 --> 00:54:13,733 - For the first time, the idea that Cassius Clay 1059 00:54:13,733 --> 00:54:17,470 might be a member of the Nation of Islam 1060 00:54:17,470 --> 00:54:22,909 pervades the mainstream press in a significant way. 1061 00:54:22,909 --> 00:54:26,746 And the promotion is starting to get worried about this. 1062 00:54:26,746 --> 00:54:27,914 - And everywhere you go, 1063 00:54:27,914 --> 00:54:30,149 the rumors are persisting more and more 1064 00:54:30,350 --> 00:54:32,819 that this fight's gonna be a financial flop. 1065 00:54:32,819 --> 00:54:34,087 Now, we're only a few hours away. 1066 00:54:34,287 --> 00:54:36,656 Uh, you go along with this? 1067 00:54:36,656 --> 00:54:39,158 - Well, I don't know what you mean by a financial flop, Bob. 1068 00:54:39,392 --> 00:54:40,560 We may not make a nut, 1069 00:54:40,827 --> 00:54:44,130 but it'd probably be the biggest indoor, uh, gate 1070 00:54:44,130 --> 00:54:46,099 in the history of boxing. 1071 00:54:46,299 --> 00:54:49,135 - You wanna have a good guy and a bad guy. 1072 00:54:49,135 --> 00:54:51,170 You know, Liston is the bad guy. 1073 00:54:51,404 --> 00:54:53,806 Cassius is supposed to be the good guy. 1074 00:54:53,806 --> 00:54:57,410 Then all of a sudden now, maybe, just maybe, 1075 00:54:57,410 --> 00:54:59,145 he's a member of the Nation of Islam, 1076 00:54:59,379 --> 00:55:01,714 or he's certainly hanging out with these guys. 1077 00:55:01,714 --> 00:55:03,683 - Is there any one thing that you can point to 1078 00:55:03,683 --> 00:55:07,086 that you've come to realize in the last, uh, five or six days 1079 00:55:07,086 --> 00:55:08,521 that might have caused this? 1080 00:55:08,521 --> 00:55:10,857 - The Muslim thing might've slowed it down. 1081 00:55:13,092 --> 00:55:14,561 - DEE DEE: My grandfather, 1082 00:55:14,561 --> 00:55:17,564 who had never been on a plane in his life, 1083 00:55:17,564 --> 00:55:20,833 flew down to Florida. 1084 00:55:20,833 --> 00:55:25,505 He said, "But I wanna stop you from marrying him. 1085 00:55:25,505 --> 00:55:28,908 He is going to become a Muslim." 1086 00:55:28,908 --> 00:55:31,644 It just didn't register. 1087 00:55:33,580 --> 00:55:35,615 - ROBERT: One of the promoters of the fight, 1088 00:55:35,615 --> 00:55:39,786 he sees Malcolm at training. 1089 00:55:39,786 --> 00:55:41,588 Calls him aside. 1090 00:55:41,588 --> 00:55:46,593 He says, "Mr. X, I'll help you if you help me. 1091 00:55:46,593 --> 00:55:48,628 "This fight is going in the toilet. 1092 00:55:48,628 --> 00:55:51,097 "And the longer you're there at training, 1093 00:55:51,097 --> 00:55:54,100 "the deeper it's gonna be flushed. 1094 00:55:54,300 --> 00:55:56,002 "Do me a favor, I'm begging you. 1095 00:55:56,002 --> 00:55:58,705 "Go home now, 1096 00:55:58,705 --> 00:56:01,107 "and I'll put you in any seat in the arena you wanna be in 1097 00:56:01,107 --> 00:56:02,675 the night of the fight." 1098 00:56:02,675 --> 00:56:06,012 Malcolm was savvy enough. He knew enough to do it. 1099 00:56:06,012 --> 00:56:07,780 And Malcolm went home. 1100 00:56:07,780 --> 00:56:09,616 - I do recall my father coming home 1101 00:56:09,616 --> 00:56:11,584 a little sooner than planned, 1102 00:56:11,584 --> 00:56:13,820 because of course him going to Miami, 1103 00:56:13,820 --> 00:56:16,489 we knew he was going to see my big brother. 1104 00:56:16,489 --> 00:56:20,727 And, um, the reason, you know, people think 1105 00:56:20,727 --> 00:56:22,662 that my father was disappointed, 1106 00:56:22,662 --> 00:56:28,001 he understood exactly why his presence 1107 00:56:28,001 --> 00:56:31,204 was a bit, um, tender. 1108 00:56:31,437 --> 00:56:33,773 My father was dedicated to Cassius Clay 1109 00:56:33,773 --> 00:56:35,341 winning the fight with Sonny Liston. 1110 00:56:38,411 --> 00:56:39,646 - [indistinct chatter] 1111 00:56:39,646 --> 00:56:41,014 - Well, I'd read all the stuff 1112 00:56:41,014 --> 00:56:44,784 about what had happened at the weigh-in. 1113 00:56:44,784 --> 00:56:48,521 - When the doors bang open at the weigh-in, 1114 00:56:48,521 --> 00:56:51,524 and here he comes with an African walking stick-- 1115 00:56:51,524 --> 00:56:54,193 bang, bang, bang, where's the ugly bear? 1116 00:56:54,427 --> 00:56:57,063 Liston doesn't know what to say. 1117 00:56:57,063 --> 00:56:58,898 - He went mad. 1118 00:56:58,898 --> 00:57:02,168 - Joe Louis was flat-footed, and Sonny Liston is flat-footed. 1119 00:57:02,368 --> 00:57:06,105 [unintelligible] 1120 00:57:06,305 --> 00:57:08,875 - Very hard to take it seriously. 1121 00:57:08,875 --> 00:57:12,445 But the older reporters who wanted to believe that, 1122 00:57:12,445 --> 00:57:14,947 he was so scared. 1123 00:57:14,947 --> 00:57:16,916 He was freaking out. 1124 00:57:17,116 --> 00:57:19,752 The doctor somehow cooperated and said 1125 00:57:19,752 --> 00:57:22,655 his blood pressure went through the roof. 1126 00:57:22,655 --> 00:57:27,193 And the general question was, was he even fit enough 1127 00:57:27,393 --> 00:57:28,995 to fight that night? 1128 00:57:29,195 --> 00:57:34,000 - The fight is $2500 for each contract on the platform. 1129 00:57:35,101 --> 00:57:36,769 - [indistinct chatter] 1130 00:57:36,769 --> 00:57:39,772 - JIM: I got a pretty good ticket. 1131 00:57:39,772 --> 00:57:43,176 The vast majority of white Miami--all of Miami-- 1132 00:57:43,176 --> 00:57:45,745 wanted Clay to lose. 1133 00:57:45,745 --> 00:57:47,980 - In my opinion, the fights are always won with fists 1134 00:57:47,980 --> 00:57:49,549 and not with mouth talk. 1135 00:57:49,549 --> 00:57:52,218 I pick Liston to win by the fifth round. 1136 00:57:52,418 --> 00:57:55,722 - JIM: A lot of white people thought 1137 00:57:55,722 --> 00:57:58,157 this kid was looking down at them. 1138 00:57:58,391 --> 00:57:59,759 They hated the idea 1139 00:57:59,759 --> 00:58:05,798 of a Black man saying, 1140 00:58:05,798 --> 00:58:07,900 I am the king of the world. I'm gonna upset the world. 1141 00:58:07,900 --> 00:58:09,569 I'm gonna do whatever I want to do. 1142 00:58:09,569 --> 00:58:11,571 I'm the greatest of all time, etc. 1143 00:58:11,571 --> 00:58:14,741 Athletes didn't brag like that back then. 1144 00:58:14,741 --> 00:58:19,178 - ♪ 1145 00:58:19,378 --> 00:58:21,614 - JAMES: Malcolm, after leaving, came back 1146 00:58:21,614 --> 00:58:22,982 to be there for the fight, 1147 00:58:23,216 --> 00:58:26,586 because he felt that the spiritual power 1148 00:58:26,586 --> 00:58:28,855 was on his brother's side. 1149 00:58:30,223 --> 00:58:32,625 - ATTALLAH: My father would make sure that 1150 00:58:32,625 --> 00:58:33,893 he trained him differently 1151 00:58:33,893 --> 00:58:36,963 than Angelo Dundee or Coach would-- 1152 00:58:36,963 --> 00:58:39,665 how to focus on prayer and intent. 1153 00:58:40,566 --> 00:58:42,235 - JAMES: The prayer rug is simply 1154 00:58:42,435 --> 00:58:44,804 a clean place to make prayer. 1155 00:58:44,804 --> 00:58:47,573 You take Wudu before prayer. 1156 00:58:47,573 --> 00:58:49,809 You wash your hands up to your wrists. 1157 00:58:49,809 --> 00:58:53,212 You wash your face, you wash your ears, you wash your hair. 1158 00:58:53,212 --> 00:58:54,447 That I'm coming before God, 1159 00:58:54,647 --> 00:58:57,183 and I would like to come before God in my purity, 1160 00:58:57,183 --> 00:58:59,352 at least my physical purity. 1161 00:58:59,352 --> 00:59:03,189 - It is really just focusing in, like, today's mindfulness, 1162 00:59:03,189 --> 00:59:04,791 in owning the moment-- 1163 00:59:04,791 --> 00:59:07,026 not just proclaiming the moment, but owning the moment. 1164 00:59:07,026 --> 00:59:09,996 And so there is a breathing, there is a centering, 1165 00:59:09,996 --> 00:59:11,030 there is a focus, 1166 00:59:11,330 --> 00:59:14,267 there's a--a direction towards the intention. 1167 00:59:14,500 --> 00:59:16,769 You're not winning just to win. 1168 00:59:16,769 --> 00:59:19,205 You have to remove the ego in the process. 1169 00:59:19,438 --> 00:59:22,909 - ♪ 1170 00:59:22,909 --> 00:59:26,946 - [crowd shouting, whistling] 1171 00:59:26,946 --> 00:59:32,051 - ♪ 1172 00:59:32,251 --> 00:59:35,154 - Uh, when he first entered the arena, he was booed. 1173 00:59:35,154 --> 00:59:38,991 - [crowd jeering] 1174 00:59:40,393 --> 00:59:45,598 - And--and there was no massive booing for, uh, 1175 00:59:45,598 --> 00:59:47,133 the former mob enforcer. 1176 00:59:47,133 --> 00:59:48,801 Somehow he was okay. 1177 00:59:48,801 --> 00:59:51,571 - [crowd cheering] 1178 00:59:51,571 --> 00:59:52,839 - MALE COMMENTATOR: There we see 1179 00:59:53,139 --> 00:59:55,975 the spotlight on the world champion, Sonny Liston, 1180 00:59:55,975 --> 01:00:00,313 and his entourage leading him down from dressing room to ring. 1181 01:00:00,546 --> 01:00:04,217 - The instructions I got before I left New York-- 1182 01:00:04,217 --> 01:00:06,819 rent a car at the airport, 1183 01:00:06,819 --> 01:00:10,723 drive back and forth between the arena 1184 01:00:10,723 --> 01:00:14,727 where the event is being held and the nearest hospital 1185 01:00:14,727 --> 01:00:19,999 so that you will waste no, uh, deadline time 1186 01:00:19,999 --> 01:00:23,870 following Cassius Clay into intensive care. 1187 01:00:23,870 --> 01:00:25,104 - MALE COMMENTATOR: There he comes. 1188 01:00:25,404 --> 01:00:29,976 Up the ring he bounces in, calm, cool, collected. 1189 01:00:33,296 --> 01:00:34,297 - MALE REPORTER: The challenger, 1190 01:00:34,564 --> 01:00:35,331 the challenger, Cassius Marcellus Clay. 1191 01:00:35,832 --> 01:00:38,101 22 years of age, unbeaten. 19th straight, 1192 01:00:38,101 --> 01:00:41,037 going for all the marbles in the boxing business. 1193 01:00:41,037 --> 01:00:45,875 - There really is nothing in sports 1194 01:00:45,875 --> 01:00:48,745 like a heavyweight championship fight. 1195 01:00:48,745 --> 01:00:53,750 Just kind of full of electricity and bloodlust. 1196 01:00:53,750 --> 01:00:57,287 Two men half naked, coming out in front of you, 1197 01:00:57,487 --> 01:01:00,456 trying to hurt each other. 1198 01:01:00,456 --> 01:01:03,793 - I want a clean bout, men. In the event of a knockdown, 1199 01:01:03,793 --> 01:01:06,729 the man that is down must take an eight count. 1200 01:01:06,729 --> 01:01:08,164 - ATTALLAH: I did not understand boxing. 1201 01:01:08,164 --> 01:01:09,632 I understood him, right? 1202 01:01:09,632 --> 01:01:14,237 So you're rooting for someone that you love to win, 1203 01:01:14,237 --> 01:01:15,705 whatever "win" meant. 1204 01:01:15,705 --> 01:01:17,807 I didn't know competition at that point in my life, 1205 01:01:17,807 --> 01:01:19,108 but I knew that this was his aim, 1206 01:01:19,475 --> 01:01:23,346 and he certainly did not have a problem orating his aim. 1207 01:01:23,346 --> 01:01:25,215 - Good luck. Shake hands. 1208 01:01:27,650 --> 01:01:28,785 - [bell rings] 1209 01:01:28,785 --> 01:01:32,055 - [crowd shouting] 1210 01:01:32,055 --> 01:01:37,660 - And in the first round, uh, he--he made Sonny look clumsy. 1211 01:01:37,660 --> 01:01:41,064 - [crowd shouting] 1212 01:01:41,064 --> 01:01:44,300 - Your first round in the ring with Cassius Clay 1213 01:01:44,534 --> 01:01:46,369 was an introduction to something new. 1214 01:01:46,369 --> 01:01:47,971 - And he's looking pretty good. 1215 01:01:47,971 --> 01:01:50,773 He's got the left hand working, pop, pop. 1216 01:01:50,773 --> 01:01:52,175 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Awkwardly fast. 1217 01:01:52,175 --> 01:01:53,877 Good long left lead. 1218 01:01:53,877 --> 01:01:56,145 It might be the champion a bit off balance. 1219 01:01:56,379 --> 01:01:58,147 - There's never been a heavyweight who combined 1220 01:01:58,348 --> 01:02:02,752 that height, that range, those long arms, 1221 01:02:02,752 --> 01:02:06,990 the hand speed, the foot speed, with that level of confidence. 1222 01:02:06,990 --> 01:02:08,758 There's no precedent for this. 1223 01:02:08,758 --> 01:02:11,995 He's the first of his kind. 1224 01:02:11,995 --> 01:02:14,364 - MALE REPORTER: The challenger is jabbing all over, body-- 1225 01:02:14,564 --> 01:02:15,798 and a right hand! 1226 01:02:15,798 --> 01:02:17,400 The best punch of the fight so far! 1227 01:02:17,634 --> 01:02:22,272 - [crowd shouting] 1228 01:02:23,339 --> 01:02:26,042 - ROBERT: And it hit me-- 1229 01:02:26,042 --> 01:02:31,547 Clay was bigger than Liston. 1230 01:02:31,547 --> 01:02:32,916 - MALE COMMENTATOR: We're down to the closing seconds 1231 01:02:32,916 --> 01:02:34,550 of this first round, 1232 01:02:34,550 --> 01:02:37,320 and the long left lead is making the difference so far 1233 01:02:37,320 --> 01:02:39,155 by Mr. Clay. 1234 01:02:39,155 --> 01:02:41,090 - [bell rings] 1235 01:02:42,625 --> 01:02:44,961 [bell rings] 1236 01:02:46,162 --> 01:02:47,263 [bell rings] 1237 01:02:47,263 --> 01:02:49,699 - [crowd shouting] 1238 01:02:49,699 --> 01:02:54,804 - Things that shocked everybody around me didn't shock me. 1239 01:02:54,804 --> 01:02:55,805 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Ladies and gentlemen, 1240 01:02:56,105 --> 01:02:58,574 we're looking in with our overhead camera 1241 01:02:58,574 --> 01:03:02,745 into the corner of Cassius Clay, who is still doing the talking. 1242 01:03:02,745 --> 01:03:03,913 I'm saying to myself, 1243 01:03:04,147 --> 01:03:05,748 "Well, Sonny's trying to figure him out. 1244 01:03:05,748 --> 01:03:07,183 That's why Sonny's not doing anything." 1245 01:03:07,383 --> 01:03:10,787 - From the radiocast, it was just a matter of time 1246 01:03:10,787 --> 01:03:12,689 until Sonny Liston knocked him out. 1247 01:03:12,689 --> 01:03:14,057 Yeah, he might be having a little trouble 1248 01:03:14,057 --> 01:03:15,925 figuring out his style. 1249 01:03:15,925 --> 01:03:18,194 But we all know Cassius is gonna get tired, 1250 01:03:18,194 --> 01:03:20,396 the body blows will hurt him, 1251 01:03:20,596 --> 01:03:22,732 and that he's gonna get knocked out. 1252 01:03:22,732 --> 01:03:24,100 - [bell rings] 1253 01:03:24,367 --> 01:03:25,902 - JOE: I hope that Clay don't get too much confidence. 1254 01:03:25,902 --> 01:03:27,270 Soon he's gonna get knocked out. 1255 01:03:27,503 --> 01:03:29,973 - MALE COMMENTATOR: But this youngster... 1256 01:03:29,973 --> 01:03:32,141 has his own style and it's confusing for 1257 01:03:32,141 --> 01:03:34,978 the champion to fathom this early in the fight, 1258 01:03:34,978 --> 01:03:37,947 at least up to now. Completely outclassed, Joe, 1259 01:03:37,947 --> 01:03:39,449 with the speed, his awkward style, 1260 01:03:39,649 --> 01:03:41,217 his boxing, his natural ability. 1261 01:03:41,217 --> 01:03:43,019 - JIM: And then in the second round, 1262 01:03:43,019 --> 01:03:44,821 he wasn't quite as commanding. But in the third round... 1263 01:03:45,922 --> 01:03:47,590 The way I remember it, in the third round, 1264 01:03:47,590 --> 01:03:51,094 he landed that right hand and cut Liston on his cheek. 1265 01:03:54,163 --> 01:03:56,332 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Another jarring right hand that time. 1266 01:03:56,332 --> 01:03:57,200 Another one! 1267 01:03:57,400 --> 01:03:59,869 Sonny wobbled! Sonny wobbled! 1268 01:03:59,869 --> 01:04:01,371 Cassius has him hurt! 1269 01:04:03,539 --> 01:04:08,378 - DEE DEE: I had never really seen him go at it 1270 01:04:08,611 --> 01:04:10,246 the way he did. 1271 01:04:10,246 --> 01:04:11,781 It was... 1272 01:04:11,781 --> 01:04:15,218 My mouth was, like... 1273 01:04:15,218 --> 01:04:17,220 He beat the hell out of that man! 1274 01:04:17,220 --> 01:04:19,789 [laughs] 1275 01:04:19,789 --> 01:04:23,159 He--he beat that man like he stole something. 1276 01:04:24,160 --> 01:04:27,430 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Sonny has a big mouse below his left eye. 1277 01:04:27,630 --> 01:04:29,966 He has a cut below the eye. 1278 01:04:29,966 --> 01:04:32,402 And he's getting hit with all the punches in the book. 1279 01:04:35,038 --> 01:04:38,441 - So now he has a tactical advantage in the fight. 1280 01:04:38,641 --> 01:04:40,009 - [bell rings] 1281 01:04:40,009 --> 01:04:42,011 - [crowd shouting] 1282 01:04:42,011 --> 01:04:44,781 - Liston thought he was gonna knock him out early. 1283 01:04:44,781 --> 01:04:48,418 Once he saw that his power 1284 01:04:48,418 --> 01:04:50,119 didn't intimidate Clay, 1285 01:04:50,119 --> 01:04:51,921 he--he got a bit scared. 1286 01:04:52,622 --> 01:04:56,692 - Yeah, I still have notebooks with blood on it. 1287 01:04:56,692 --> 01:04:58,127 Uh, Liston's blood. 1288 01:04:59,529 --> 01:05:02,799 - MALE COMMENTATOR: We're going into Sonny's corner. 1289 01:05:02,799 --> 01:05:04,067 Joe, I don't know whether you can see it. 1290 01:05:04,067 --> 01:05:05,935 Look closely, look hard. 1291 01:05:05,935 --> 01:05:08,071 They're working on the cut below the left eye. 1292 01:05:08,071 --> 01:05:09,806 It's very difficult to get a shot. 1293 01:05:09,806 --> 01:05:12,475 - I'm saying, well, it's not a serious cut, but he is cut. 1294 01:05:12,475 --> 01:05:15,111 I wonder what he's thinking about, being cut. 1295 01:05:17,246 --> 01:05:21,417 The first thing I notice is the cut has turned black. 1296 01:05:21,417 --> 01:05:24,954 To stop the cut, they used a drug called Monsel. 1297 01:05:24,954 --> 01:05:26,389 It's a liquid. 1298 01:05:26,389 --> 01:05:28,991 You put it on a cut, the cut will turn black. 1299 01:05:28,991 --> 01:05:31,828 Well, Monsel is banned for one reason-- 1300 01:05:31,828 --> 01:05:33,663 it's dangerous in the eyes. 1301 01:05:33,663 --> 01:05:34,864 - [bell rings] 1302 01:05:35,665 --> 01:05:38,334 - What happens if it gets on Sonny's gloves? 1303 01:05:38,534 --> 01:05:41,504 - [crowd shouting] 1304 01:05:41,504 --> 01:05:43,439 - It's in the middle of the round when, all of a sudden, 1305 01:05:43,439 --> 01:05:45,908 "I can't see! I can't see! I can't see!" 1306 01:05:45,908 --> 01:05:47,977 Clay can't see. 1307 01:05:49,645 --> 01:05:51,781 - ROBERT: I think he freaked a little bit. 1308 01:05:51,781 --> 01:05:55,051 He thought he was going blind. 1309 01:05:55,051 --> 01:05:57,053 - [bell rings] 1310 01:05:57,053 --> 01:05:59,622 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Now we have four fast rounds. 1311 01:05:59,622 --> 01:06:03,092 - [crowd shouting] 1312 01:06:03,092 --> 01:06:04,460 - MALE COMMENTATOR: At this point, we're going over 1313 01:06:04,460 --> 01:06:06,028 to look into Cassius Clay's corner. 1314 01:06:06,262 --> 01:06:08,498 Let's go back to, uh, Joe Louis. 1315 01:06:08,498 --> 01:06:10,867 Joe, look at that shot right in there. 1316 01:06:10,867 --> 01:06:13,703 What do you think is going through this youngster's mind? 1317 01:06:13,703 --> 01:06:16,139 He's 12 minutes into the fight. 1318 01:06:16,139 --> 01:06:17,607 - JOE: Well, he's talking a lot now. 1319 01:06:17,840 --> 01:06:21,577 I don't know if he's arguing with his trainer, you know... 1320 01:06:21,577 --> 01:06:23,146 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Dundee that he was arguing with, Joe. 1321 01:06:23,346 --> 01:06:25,081 Angelo now is toweling him off a little bit 1322 01:06:25,081 --> 01:06:27,049 while he gets him ready. 1323 01:06:27,049 --> 01:06:28,951 - JERRY: There is no quarreling with the fact 1324 01:06:28,951 --> 01:06:30,820 he could not see. 1325 01:06:30,820 --> 01:06:34,123 - JOE: I think that there's something wrong with Clay. 1326 01:06:34,323 --> 01:06:35,858 - [bell rings] - JOE: Something with Clay. 1327 01:06:35,858 --> 01:06:37,360 There's something wrong with Clay. 1328 01:06:37,560 --> 01:06:38,995 - MALE COMMENTATOR: His eyes. His eyes are bothering him. 1329 01:06:38,995 --> 01:06:40,096 Ladies and gentlemen, 1330 01:06:40,329 --> 01:06:42,064 we don't know exactly what happened. 1331 01:06:42,064 --> 01:06:43,966 They're yelling from Cassius Clay's corner. 1332 01:06:43,966 --> 01:06:46,169 Something got in his right eye. 1333 01:06:46,369 --> 01:06:50,106 Uh, however, he's blinking badly. 1334 01:06:50,106 --> 01:06:52,308 Sonny's got a tad of R&R! 1335 01:06:56,379 --> 01:06:58,147 - JIM: I didn't take a transistor radio. 1336 01:06:58,147 --> 01:07:00,983 I wasn't listening to any commentary of any kind. 1337 01:07:00,983 --> 01:07:04,353 So I was totally lost at sea trying to figure out 1338 01:07:04,587 --> 01:07:06,055 what was going on. 1339 01:07:06,055 --> 01:07:08,624 - [crowd shouting] 1340 01:07:08,624 --> 01:07:10,693 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Still having some problems with his-- 1341 01:07:10,693 --> 01:07:11,861 with his eyes. 1342 01:07:12,094 --> 01:07:14,664 He's blinking and bouncing away continually. 1343 01:07:14,664 --> 01:07:18,935 - You had the sense that, well, this--this fight is even. 1344 01:07:18,935 --> 01:07:21,604 - [crowd shouting] 1345 01:07:21,604 --> 01:07:23,906 - I suppose it could go either way. 1346 01:07:23,906 --> 01:07:27,109 - [crowd shouting] 1347 01:07:27,310 --> 01:07:29,645 - MALE COMMENTATOR: As Sonny's still moving in, 1348 01:07:29,645 --> 01:07:33,716 Cassius still bouncing out to the way, blocking him. 1349 01:07:33,716 --> 01:07:35,151 - [bell rings] 1350 01:07:35,151 --> 01:07:38,721 - Then it became clear he had recovered from that. 1351 01:07:38,721 --> 01:07:41,724 - MALE COMMENTATOR: We note that Sonny's flat-footed stance 1352 01:07:41,724 --> 01:07:45,995 most of the time, easy target. 1353 01:07:45,995 --> 01:07:47,930 - Of course, his eyes cleared. 1354 01:07:47,930 --> 01:07:49,098 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Easy! 1355 01:07:49,098 --> 01:07:55,104 - [crowd shouting] 1356 01:08:02,712 --> 01:08:05,047 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Seconds remaining in the sixth. 1357 01:08:05,047 --> 01:08:11,153 - [crowd shouting] 1358 01:08:12,588 --> 01:08:13,856 - [bell rings] 1359 01:08:13,856 --> 01:08:16,525 - [crowd cheering] 1360 01:08:16,525 --> 01:08:18,694 - MALE COMMENTATOR: The crowd now cheering the challenger. 1361 01:08:18,694 --> 01:08:21,130 Let's get over to our champion, Joe Louis. Joe? 1362 01:08:21,330 --> 01:08:22,598 - JOE: Well, I think that the corner 1363 01:08:22,598 --> 01:08:24,233 has to get worried a little bit now. 1364 01:08:24,467 --> 01:08:26,602 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Now they're working, as we note, 1365 01:08:26,602 --> 01:08:29,138 with our camera shots in there, below the left eye. 1366 01:08:29,138 --> 01:08:30,406 They've already worked below the right eye. 1367 01:08:30,606 --> 01:08:31,707 There you see them. 1368 01:08:31,941 --> 01:08:33,843 Joe Paolino trying to keep that cut closed. 1369 01:08:33,843 --> 01:08:37,480 And do you feel as though Sonny being busted up a little bit, 1370 01:08:37,480 --> 01:08:38,981 cut up a little bit around the face-- 1371 01:08:39,248 --> 01:08:41,851 will this make a difference in Liston's thinking? 1372 01:08:41,851 --> 01:08:44,487 - JOE: Well, it has to make a difference because Liston, 1373 01:08:44,487 --> 01:08:47,390 I think he don't see too well out both of his eyes. 1374 01:08:47,590 --> 01:08:48,858 - [bell rings] 1375 01:08:49,859 --> 01:08:51,060 - MALE COMMENTATOR: The ref is stopping it. 1376 01:08:51,460 --> 01:08:53,029 That might be all, ladies and gentlemen! 1377 01:08:53,029 --> 01:08:54,497 Get up there, Joe! 1378 01:08:54,497 --> 01:08:56,832 Get up there! Get up in the ring! 1379 01:08:56,832 --> 01:08:58,134 - He's out. He's out. 1380 01:08:58,134 --> 01:09:00,136 He's not coming out of his corner. 1381 01:09:00,369 --> 01:09:03,639 - He said, "That's it! That's enough!" 1382 01:09:03,639 --> 01:09:06,542 What he really meant was, I'm not going out there. 1383 01:09:06,542 --> 01:09:08,811 And he spit out the mouthpiece. 1384 01:09:08,811 --> 01:09:13,616 - [cheering, whistling] 1385 01:09:13,616 --> 01:09:18,087 - It was, you know, almost otherworldly. 1386 01:09:21,123 --> 01:09:22,858 - ROBERT: Sonny Liston has quit. 1387 01:09:22,858 --> 01:09:24,260 Cassius Clay is the new 1388 01:09:24,493 --> 01:09:26,796 heavyweight champion of the world. 1389 01:09:26,796 --> 01:09:30,399 He started capering and running around the ring, you know? 1390 01:09:30,599 --> 01:09:32,201 "Eat your words! 1391 01:09:32,435 --> 01:09:34,937 I told you I'm king of the world!" 1392 01:09:34,937 --> 01:09:37,807 It was just a magical moment. 1393 01:09:37,807 --> 01:09:40,242 - [cheers and applause] 1394 01:09:40,443 --> 01:09:43,045 - He points and he said, "I fooled you, I fooled you, 1395 01:09:43,045 --> 01:09:45,081 I fooled you, I fooled you." 1396 01:09:45,081 --> 01:09:47,583 And it's just bedlam. 1397 01:09:47,583 --> 01:09:49,185 - JIM: It was electric. It was exhilarating. 1398 01:09:49,485 --> 01:09:53,756 I was shouting in the car all the way back to southwest Miami. 1399 01:09:53,756 --> 01:09:55,591 - MALE COMMENTATOR: Hold it, he's yelling behind us. 1400 01:09:55,591 --> 01:09:58,027 Cassius, come here, come here! 1401 01:09:58,027 --> 01:10:00,262 Come here, come here! 1402 01:10:00,463 --> 01:10:02,031 - Hey, I'm the greatest thing that ever lived! 1403 01:10:02,031 --> 01:10:03,632 I don't have-- 1404 01:10:03,632 --> 01:10:06,602 - I got up on the roof of the house and began shouting, 1405 01:10:06,602 --> 01:10:09,171 "I've upset the world! I'm the greatest of all time!" 1406 01:10:09,171 --> 01:10:10,806 - Now, I just turned 22 years old. 1407 01:10:10,806 --> 01:10:12,241 I must be the greatest! 1408 01:10:12,441 --> 01:10:14,210 - And my mother eventually came outdoors 1409 01:10:14,210 --> 01:10:16,645 and started yelling at me, "Get down here!" 1410 01:10:16,645 --> 01:10:18,881 You know, "Get off of the roof. 1411 01:10:18,881 --> 01:10:21,250 You're going to get us both arrested." 1412 01:10:21,484 --> 01:10:25,254 Um, you know, "You know how our neighbors feel about this." 1413 01:10:25,254 --> 01:10:28,090 - I told the world! I talk to God every day. 1414 01:10:28,090 --> 01:10:30,493 And God [unintelligible]. 1415 01:10:33,629 --> 01:10:35,264 - Cassius, wait a minute. Wait a minute, Cassius. 1416 01:10:35,498 --> 01:10:38,200 - JIM: That was as thrilling as any moment in my life, 1417 01:10:38,200 --> 01:10:39,969 because Cassius Clay was Cassius Clay. 1418 01:10:39,969 --> 01:10:41,237 He was my hero. 1419 01:10:41,237 --> 01:10:43,806 - I am the greatest! 1420 01:10:43,806 --> 01:10:45,741 - MALE COMMENTATOR: All right, Cass, thank you. 1421 01:10:45,741 --> 01:10:49,245 Thank you, Cassius Clay, the heavyweight champion. 1422 01:10:49,245 --> 01:10:52,815 - The scene turns blank for me, 1423 01:10:52,815 --> 01:10:58,287 because I have I don't know how many minutes to write my story. 1424 01:10:58,487 --> 01:11:02,191 So, uh, I have my little Olivetti typewriter 1425 01:11:02,191 --> 01:11:05,594 in front of me on a bench. 1426 01:11:05,594 --> 01:11:09,165 Uh, and, um, I start typing. 1427 01:11:11,600 --> 01:11:16,839 I just remember the first word, "Incredibly." 1428 01:11:16,839 --> 01:11:21,777 "Incredibly, the posturing, braggart kid 1429 01:11:21,777 --> 01:11:23,946 was telling the truth all along." 1430 01:11:23,946 --> 01:11:29,852 - [cheers and applause] 1431 01:11:34,532 --> 01:11:36,701 - After the fight, 1432 01:11:36,701 --> 01:11:42,106 I told him that I was going back to the hotel. 1433 01:11:42,106 --> 01:11:45,209 He said, "I'll be there in a few. 1434 01:11:45,209 --> 01:11:48,212 Wait up for me." 1435 01:11:48,212 --> 01:11:49,914 And he never came. 1436 01:11:52,983 --> 01:11:56,687 - ROBERT: He goes back to the Black hotel with Malcolm. 1437 01:11:56,687 --> 01:11:58,889 They eat vanilla ice cream. 1438 01:11:58,889 --> 01:12:01,292 They're having-- they're celebrating. 1439 01:12:01,492 --> 01:12:03,294 Nobody's drinking. 1440 01:12:06,330 --> 01:12:08,299 - DEE DEE: My mother told me 1441 01:12:08,299 --> 01:12:10,768 that I had to give back the ring. 1442 01:12:10,768 --> 01:12:13,037 And I said, "Mom, I can't do that." 1443 01:12:13,037 --> 01:12:16,273 She said, "No, you gonna do it. 1444 01:12:16,273 --> 01:12:18,909 And you're gonna do it now." 1445 01:12:18,909 --> 01:12:22,913 When I finally saw him early in the morning, 1446 01:12:22,913 --> 01:12:27,752 it all came to a head. 1447 01:12:27,752 --> 01:12:32,256 I said, "I have to give it back to you." 1448 01:12:32,256 --> 01:12:33,691 He said, "Well, what about--" 1449 01:12:33,691 --> 01:12:37,928 I said, "No, nothing. I can't." 1450 01:12:39,830 --> 01:12:45,002 He asked me why and I made up some kind of an excuse. 1451 01:12:45,002 --> 01:12:47,805 But I didn't wanna say that it-- 1452 01:12:47,805 --> 01:12:50,174 it was because you were becoming a Muslim. 1453 01:12:50,174 --> 01:12:53,043 I didn't wanna say that. 1454 01:12:53,043 --> 01:12:56,947 I felt it would hurt too bad, and that--that wasn't me. 1455 01:12:56,947 --> 01:12:58,582 I'm not like that. 1456 01:13:00,584 --> 01:13:03,988 - [indistinct chatter] 1457 01:13:03,988 --> 01:13:07,825 - The story really developed the next morning, 1458 01:13:07,825 --> 01:13:11,362 which was the routine press conferences after a big fight. 1459 01:13:11,562 --> 01:13:14,698 - [unintelligible] 1460 01:13:14,698 --> 01:13:16,600 - I'm ready. - Just keep quiet and relax. 1461 01:13:16,834 --> 01:13:18,002 - That's right. 1462 01:13:18,002 --> 01:13:23,240 - One of the young reporters said, 1463 01:13:23,240 --> 01:13:26,310 so, could you finally tell us, 1464 01:13:26,310 --> 01:13:29,880 are you a card-carrying Muslim? 1465 01:13:32,349 --> 01:13:34,351 Cassius kind of jerked up. 1466 01:13:34,552 --> 01:13:38,022 And--and then he kind of lashed back. 1467 01:13:38,022 --> 01:13:42,393 And he said, why are you making such a big deal out of this? 1468 01:13:42,393 --> 01:13:44,094 I'm a clean-cut boy. 1469 01:13:44,094 --> 01:13:47,431 I don't fornicate, I don't drink, I don't smoke, 1470 01:13:47,665 --> 01:13:49,800 I don't run around. 1471 01:13:49,800 --> 01:13:53,070 Uh, I'm with this really nice group of people. 1472 01:13:53,070 --> 01:13:55,539 - I don't have to be what you want me to be. 1473 01:13:57,107 --> 01:13:59,777 I'm free to be what I want to be and think what I wanna think. 1474 01:14:00,744 --> 01:14:03,447 - Red birds should stay with red birds. 1475 01:14:03,681 --> 01:14:06,884 And bluebirds should stay with bluebirds. 1476 01:14:06,884 --> 01:14:10,855 And people should not go to places where they're not wanted. 1477 01:14:11,822 --> 01:14:14,158 - And all hell breaks loose. 1478 01:14:14,158 --> 01:14:16,026 Ah, it didn't bother me a bit. 1479 01:14:16,026 --> 01:14:19,096 I knew what my lead was gonna be the next morning. 1480 01:14:19,096 --> 01:14:22,733 "The lost-found Nation of Islam..." 1481 01:14:22,733 --> 01:14:25,736 They had a guy who's considered the baddest, 1482 01:14:25,736 --> 01:14:27,371 most celebrated man in the world, 1483 01:14:27,571 --> 01:14:29,840 the heavyweight champion of the world. 1484 01:14:29,840 --> 01:14:33,110 Not only that, but he knocked out Goliath 1485 01:14:33,110 --> 01:14:35,946 and he didn't need five smooth stones to do it. 1486 01:14:36,947 --> 01:14:38,983 - I don't believe in forced integration. 1487 01:14:38,983 --> 01:14:41,218 Ain't gonna never work, man. You knew it ain't gonna work. 1488 01:14:41,218 --> 01:14:44,755 You always knew it wasn't right, but I never did. 1489 01:14:44,755 --> 01:14:47,491 Now that I done found out, you seem to be shook up. 1490 01:14:47,725 --> 01:14:50,995 - And after the Liston fight, uh, 1491 01:14:50,995 --> 01:14:53,998 Cassius Clay is happy to embrace the Nation publicly 1492 01:14:53,998 --> 01:14:55,900 in ways he could not before the fight. 1493 01:14:55,900 --> 01:14:58,435 And the Nation, this new heavyweight champion 1494 01:14:58,669 --> 01:15:01,472 claiming to be a Muslim, is happy to embrace him. 1495 01:15:25,195 --> 01:15:36,173 - ♪ 1496 01:15:37,808 --> 01:15:41,145 - Malcolm X and Cassius Clay 1497 01:15:41,145 --> 01:15:43,180 went to New York. 1498 01:15:43,180 --> 01:15:47,384 - ROBERT: He gets up and he says, fellas, 1499 01:15:47,384 --> 01:15:50,621 I have to tell you something. 1500 01:15:50,621 --> 01:15:56,026 I am a member of the lost-found Nation of Islam. 1501 01:15:56,026 --> 01:16:01,332 And from now on, my name is Cassius X. 1502 01:16:01,332 --> 01:16:03,100 I ain't gonna keep Clay. 1503 01:16:03,100 --> 01:16:05,102 Clay is a slave name. 1504 01:16:06,804 --> 01:16:08,839 - JAMES: And so Cassius Clay 1505 01:16:08,839 --> 01:16:13,310 becomes Cassius X, meaning I don't know 1506 01:16:13,310 --> 01:16:16,847 my original African last name. 1507 01:16:16,847 --> 01:16:21,452 And so I take X to represent that anonymity. 1508 01:16:21,652 --> 01:16:25,489 So he is the symbol of transformation, 1509 01:16:25,689 --> 01:16:27,992 someone who says, I want freedom. 1510 01:16:27,992 --> 01:16:30,995 I want to have self-determination. 1511 01:16:30,995 --> 01:16:35,232 And I have to do that by tying myself back to my identity. 1512 01:16:37,134 --> 01:16:39,870 - They went to the United Nations. 1513 01:16:39,870 --> 01:16:43,107 And this was an important moment because Clay took the idea 1514 01:16:43,107 --> 01:16:47,277 that he was champion of the world seriously. 1515 01:16:47,277 --> 01:16:48,479 - [reporters shouting questions] 1516 01:16:48,779 --> 01:16:49,947 - MALE REPORTER: Soon after, the new champion 1517 01:16:50,381 --> 01:16:51,482 came to New York and was shown around the United Nations 1518 01:16:51,682 --> 01:16:54,151 by his friend Malcolm X. 1519 01:16:54,151 --> 01:16:58,322 - Malcolm X goes to the UN to deliver the case 1520 01:16:58,322 --> 01:17:00,057 of white supremacy's 1521 01:17:00,057 --> 01:17:03,260 damaging of Black America to the UN, 1522 01:17:03,260 --> 01:17:07,931 to see it as an international human rights crisis 1523 01:17:07,931 --> 01:17:10,834 what white America had done to Black people. 1524 01:17:10,834 --> 01:17:13,103 - Cassius has been following the religion of Islam, 1525 01:17:13,103 --> 01:17:16,040 Muslim religion, for the past four or five years. 1526 01:17:16,040 --> 01:17:19,843 - Introducing Clay to African diplomats in the UN 1527 01:17:19,843 --> 01:17:21,145 serves a few purposes. 1528 01:17:21,145 --> 01:17:23,614 Uh, one is to broaden Clay's horizons. 1529 01:17:23,614 --> 01:17:26,417 He had not really been involved in international travel 1530 01:17:26,417 --> 01:17:27,851 and that sort of thing, 1531 01:17:27,851 --> 01:17:30,287 so it was to impress upon this young Black man 1532 01:17:30,287 --> 01:17:32,156 that Malcolm is tutoring 1533 01:17:32,156 --> 01:17:34,525 that there's this larger world, a larger world of Black people, 1534 01:17:34,725 --> 01:17:37,194 and Africa, and Africa is becoming independent, 1535 01:17:37,194 --> 01:17:39,563 and so forth, and you just need to know about this. 1536 01:17:39,797 --> 01:17:41,899 - I can look at people from all over the world, 1537 01:17:41,899 --> 01:17:43,233 regardless of race, creed, or color, 1538 01:17:43,233 --> 01:17:45,002 and talk intelligently with them, 1539 01:17:45,235 --> 01:17:47,504 and most of all, recognize that all of my brothers and sisters 1540 01:17:47,705 --> 01:17:49,540 are these people I haven't recognized 1541 01:17:49,740 --> 01:17:51,241 over my lifetime. 1542 01:17:51,241 --> 01:17:53,110 - These weren't just dignitaries walking up. 1543 01:17:53,110 --> 01:17:54,478 These are people that were already 1544 01:17:54,478 --> 01:17:56,013 a part of our family, our life. 1545 01:17:56,013 --> 01:17:57,381 This is all separate from the Nation. 1546 01:17:57,715 --> 01:17:59,717 This has nothing to do with the Nation of Islam. 1547 01:18:01,051 --> 01:18:02,853 - Being a follower of the Muslim religion 1548 01:18:02,853 --> 01:18:04,922 had something to do with your winning the championship? 1549 01:18:04,922 --> 01:18:08,225 - Well, I would say so. Uh, our religion is what-- 1550 01:18:08,225 --> 01:18:09,993 the only thing that I can give any credit 1551 01:18:09,993 --> 01:18:11,128 for pulling me through. 1552 01:18:11,428 --> 01:18:13,964 - I have heard many people attempt to presume 1553 01:18:13,964 --> 01:18:18,535 that my father was trying to recruit, um, Cassius Clay 1554 01:18:18,769 --> 01:18:21,038 in order to repair his relationship, 1555 01:18:21,038 --> 01:18:23,907 his own relationship, with Elijah Muhammad, 1556 01:18:23,907 --> 01:18:27,244 which is absolutely incorrect. 1557 01:18:27,244 --> 01:18:30,214 They were preparing to be in alliance 1558 01:18:30,214 --> 01:18:32,916 so that they continue studying and working, 1559 01:18:32,916 --> 01:18:35,085 and it was stopped right in the middle. 1560 01:18:35,085 --> 01:18:37,154 - ♪ 1561 01:18:40,599 --> 01:18:44,703 - [radio tuning] 1562 01:18:44,703 --> 01:18:49,174 - THOMAS: Cassius Clay was in New York with Malcolm X. 1563 01:18:49,174 --> 01:18:53,044 Elijah Muhammad announced on the radio 1564 01:18:53,044 --> 01:18:57,749 that he had given Cassius the name "Muhammad Ali." 1565 01:18:57,749 --> 01:18:59,718 - Cassius Clay is a name no more, is that right? 1566 01:18:59,718 --> 01:19:01,753 - Yes, sir! It's Muhammad Ali. 1567 01:19:01,753 --> 01:19:03,555 "Muhammad" means "worthy of all praises" 1568 01:19:03,555 --> 01:19:06,858 and "Ali" means "most high" in the Asian-African language. 1569 01:19:06,858 --> 01:19:08,927 - Part of it was a power play, 1570 01:19:08,927 --> 01:19:12,297 that here was Malcolm at the United Nations, 1571 01:19:12,297 --> 01:19:14,366 showing this man around. 1572 01:19:14,366 --> 01:19:16,635 And I'm gonna take him back. 1573 01:19:16,635 --> 01:19:19,704 I'm gonna name him Muhammad Ali. 1574 01:19:19,704 --> 01:19:22,140 And he's going to take that name, 1575 01:19:22,140 --> 01:19:27,012 and that's going to reassert my primacy in this battle. 1576 01:19:27,012 --> 01:19:28,413 - Anybody special gave you the name? 1577 01:19:28,647 --> 01:19:30,015 - Yes sir, my leader and teacher, 1578 01:19:30,015 --> 01:19:31,783 the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad. 1579 01:19:31,783 --> 01:19:35,420 - That moment, I think, helped cement the rupture. 1580 01:19:35,654 --> 01:19:37,122 Malcolm saw the writing on the wall. 1581 01:19:37,122 --> 01:19:38,790 He didn't tell-- 1582 01:19:38,790 --> 01:19:41,826 He didn't try to get Cassius Clay/Muhammad Ali to become 1583 01:19:41,826 --> 01:19:44,963 sort of personally loyal to him, Malcolm X. 1584 01:19:44,963 --> 01:19:47,866 And--and probably could not have. 1585 01:19:47,866 --> 01:19:50,435 And Cassius Clay/Muhammad Ali, 1586 01:19:50,435 --> 01:19:54,306 uh, decided he would not follow 1587 01:19:54,306 --> 01:19:56,441 a student of the teacher. 1588 01:19:56,441 --> 01:19:58,076 He'd follow the teacher himself. 1589 01:19:58,076 --> 01:19:59,644 - MALE INTERVIEWER: There's been great publicity given 1590 01:19:59,844 --> 01:20:01,413 to the fact that heavyweight champion Cassius Clay 1591 01:20:01,413 --> 01:20:02,480 is one of your followers. 1592 01:20:02,714 --> 01:20:04,816 Do you think he's a sincere follower? 1593 01:20:04,816 --> 01:20:07,219 - Well, Cassius is following Elijah Muhammad. 1594 01:20:07,219 --> 01:20:13,225 And I'm no longer a follower of Elijah Muhammad myself. 1595 01:20:13,225 --> 01:20:18,496 - The last time my father spoke with, uh, Cassius Clay, 1596 01:20:18,730 --> 01:20:21,433 uh, directly, he was in New York 1597 01:20:21,633 --> 01:20:25,003 on his way to see us as a family. 1598 01:20:25,003 --> 01:20:27,439 I knew, I anticipated his visit. 1599 01:20:27,439 --> 01:20:28,773 And it was cut short. 1600 01:20:28,974 --> 01:20:33,044 He was summoned to meet with Elijah Muhammad. 1601 01:20:33,044 --> 01:20:36,915 And...we were kind of stood up, if you use that term. 1602 01:20:36,915 --> 01:20:39,451 But my father knew... 1603 01:20:39,451 --> 01:20:43,455 what that meant. 1604 01:20:43,955 --> 01:20:47,359 - THOMAS: There was a special bond between them. 1605 01:20:47,359 --> 01:20:53,298 And it speaks to the power of Elijah Muhammad 1606 01:20:53,298 --> 01:20:57,269 and the hold that he had over Cassius Clay 1607 01:20:57,269 --> 01:21:02,307 that, uh, when Elijah and Malcolm separated, 1608 01:21:03,608 --> 01:21:06,711 Muhammad Ali went with Elijah 1609 01:21:06,911 --> 01:21:09,814 and completely rejected Malcolm X. 1610 01:21:10,048 --> 01:21:12,317 - Would you clear this up for me, please? 1611 01:21:12,317 --> 01:21:13,718 Have you and Malcolm X, 1612 01:21:13,718 --> 01:21:15,387 the man who helped convert you 1613 01:21:15,387 --> 01:21:19,357 to the Black Muslim movement-- have the two of you split? 1614 01:21:19,357 --> 01:21:21,726 - When the Honorable Elijah Muhammad cuts a man off, 1615 01:21:21,726 --> 01:21:23,428 well, then he's automatically cut off 1616 01:21:23,428 --> 01:21:24,763 with all of his followers. 1617 01:21:24,963 --> 01:21:27,332 And, uh, a lot of people call it a split. 1618 01:21:27,332 --> 01:21:28,600 It's not a split. 1619 01:21:28,867 --> 01:21:32,470 He's just one individual who, as we say, went astray. 1620 01:21:32,470 --> 01:21:36,141 And, uh, when, say, like, two governments split, 1621 01:21:36,141 --> 01:21:38,443 one leader takes half, another leader take half. 1622 01:21:38,443 --> 01:21:40,345 Malcolm X is just there. 1623 01:21:40,345 --> 01:21:42,847 And this is not a split. 1624 01:21:43,081 --> 01:21:45,317 He's not big enough to be called a split. 1625 01:21:45,317 --> 01:21:50,322 - ♪ 1626 01:21:50,322 --> 01:21:54,726 - People would not accept the name Muhammad Ali. 1627 01:21:54,926 --> 01:21:56,394 - MALE REPORTER: Cassius, did the bus trip 1628 01:21:56,394 --> 01:21:57,429 take anything out of you, 1629 01:21:57,696 --> 01:21:59,431 and was it worth the $1800 it cost you? 1630 01:21:59,431 --> 01:22:00,799 - Muhammad. My name is Muhammad. 1631 01:22:01,166 --> 01:22:03,335 Y'all keep calling me Cassius, but I'm tired of telling you. 1632 01:22:03,335 --> 01:22:06,104 You know, you intelligent. My name is Muhammad Ali. 1633 01:22:06,104 --> 01:22:09,641 - Every time I referred to him in my stories, 1634 01:22:09,641 --> 01:22:11,810 um, as Muhammad Ali, 1635 01:22:12,043 --> 01:22:15,180 it would be struck out, 1636 01:22:15,180 --> 01:22:18,183 and it would be changed to Cassius Clay 1637 01:22:18,183 --> 01:22:21,319 by the "Times", you know, edit desk. 1638 01:22:21,319 --> 01:22:23,321 - MALE REPORTER: Champ, Liston hopes you don't have another 1639 01:22:23,321 --> 01:22:24,856 hernia operation. 1640 01:22:24,856 --> 01:22:26,791 - See, now you'd rather say "Champ" than "Muhammad". 1641 01:22:26,791 --> 01:22:29,761 - [laughter] 1642 01:22:29,961 --> 01:22:31,196 - And to his credit, you know, 1643 01:22:31,396 --> 01:22:33,565 he always doubled down on that fact, right? 1644 01:22:33,565 --> 01:22:35,567 And it spoke to the fact 1645 01:22:35,567 --> 01:22:37,035 that ultimately for Black people, 1646 01:22:37,268 --> 01:22:39,204 whatever you call me, 1647 01:22:39,204 --> 01:22:42,507 you're not gonna call me out of my name, right? 1648 01:22:42,507 --> 01:22:44,242 My name is Muhammad Ali, right? 1649 01:22:44,242 --> 01:22:47,278 And that, I think, had an incredible impact, 1650 01:22:47,278 --> 01:22:49,180 particularly on young Black folks, right? 1651 01:22:49,180 --> 01:22:51,149 Who, whether it was their own name, 1652 01:22:51,149 --> 01:22:53,118 or names they'd come to adopt, 1653 01:22:53,118 --> 01:22:55,854 you are going to call me my name, right? 1654 01:22:56,087 --> 01:22:58,223 That's the basic show of respect. 1655 01:22:58,223 --> 01:22:59,691 - MALE INTERVIWER: Why don't you like 1656 01:22:59,691 --> 01:23:01,493 to be called Clay anymore? 1657 01:23:01,493 --> 01:23:03,361 - Oh, Clay was not my name. 1658 01:23:03,361 --> 01:23:06,598 Once we follow the belief 1659 01:23:06,598 --> 01:23:08,600 and hear and understand the teachings 1660 01:23:08,600 --> 01:23:10,735 of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, 1661 01:23:10,735 --> 01:23:12,504 then come into knowledge of ourselves, 1662 01:23:12,504 --> 01:23:17,275 then we want to be called after names of our people, 1663 01:23:17,275 --> 01:23:19,778 which are names to fit us Black people. 1664 01:23:20,011 --> 01:23:21,713 And "Clay" was a white man's name. 1665 01:23:21,713 --> 01:23:23,581 It was a slave name. 1666 01:23:23,581 --> 01:23:25,784 - It hurt me because 1667 01:23:25,784 --> 01:23:29,387 he was willfully eliminating 1668 01:23:29,387 --> 01:23:32,490 a part of his identity 1669 01:23:32,490 --> 01:23:35,493 that--that was important to me. 1670 01:23:35,493 --> 01:23:39,597 And I felt like he was robbing something from me. 1671 01:23:39,597 --> 01:23:42,434 I wanted to learn so that I could figure out 1672 01:23:42,434 --> 01:23:45,437 whether it was possible for me to sustain this love affair 1673 01:23:45,437 --> 01:23:50,008 for Cassius Clay under the banner of a new name. 1674 01:23:50,008 --> 01:23:52,177 If you're on the right side of race relations, 1675 01:23:52,177 --> 01:23:54,312 ultimately it became a badge of honor for you 1676 01:23:54,312 --> 01:23:58,416 that you did say "Muhammad Ali" and didn't say "Cassius Clay" 1677 01:23:58,416 --> 01:24:00,652 because that was the way he wanted it. 1678 01:24:00,652 --> 01:24:04,289 - [drum music] 1679 01:24:05,457 --> 01:24:09,527 - ROBERT: In the summer of 1964, Muhammad Ali 1680 01:24:09,527 --> 01:24:11,930 actually went to Africa. 1681 01:24:16,134 --> 01:24:21,239 - They went to Ghana, Nigeria, Egypt. 1682 01:24:21,239 --> 01:24:23,842 And there was a point on that trip 1683 01:24:23,842 --> 01:24:28,880 where something remarkable happened. 1684 01:24:29,080 --> 01:24:30,448 They were in Ghana. 1685 01:24:30,682 --> 01:24:34,586 One day, Muhammad and his traveling party got in a car 1686 01:24:34,586 --> 01:24:38,823 and they decided to just drive through the countryside. 1687 01:24:38,823 --> 01:24:41,659 And as they drove through the countryside, 1688 01:24:41,659 --> 01:24:46,898 there would be drums beating and messages were transmitted. 1689 01:24:46,898 --> 01:24:50,802 And people would come out of the countryside 1690 01:24:50,802 --> 01:24:55,406 and stand on the road and line the road 1691 01:24:55,406 --> 01:25:00,512 just to be there to see Muhammad Ali. 1692 01:25:02,280 --> 01:25:07,385 And that had a mesmerizing effect on him. 1693 01:25:07,385 --> 01:25:11,589 In that moment, it registered in his brain 1694 01:25:11,589 --> 01:25:16,394 that this is something bigger and more powerful 1695 01:25:16,394 --> 01:25:17,629 than I conceived of. 1696 01:25:17,629 --> 01:25:19,898 This isn't just being 1697 01:25:19,898 --> 01:25:21,900 heavyweight champion of the world. 1698 01:25:22,100 --> 01:25:26,471 I'm back in my spiritual homeland. 1699 01:25:26,471 --> 01:25:28,273 That's really the moment 1700 01:25:28,273 --> 01:25:32,410 that Cassius Clay became Muhammad Ali. 1701 01:25:32,410 --> 01:25:44,389 - ♪ 1702 01:25:56,434 --> 01:25:58,503 - [traffic] 1703 01:25:58,503 --> 01:26:02,540 - ATTALLAH: When I was in New York, living in New York, 1704 01:26:02,540 --> 01:26:05,877 and I saw in the news that Muhammad Ali was coming to town 1705 01:26:06,077 --> 01:26:10,882 to unveil his artwork at the Waldorf Astoria, 1706 01:26:11,115 --> 01:26:14,686 I said to my housemaid, 1707 01:26:14,686 --> 01:26:17,455 "I know him." 1708 01:26:17,455 --> 01:26:19,824 She said, "You know Muhammad Ali?" 1709 01:26:19,824 --> 01:26:22,360 I said, "Yes, he's my big brother." 1710 01:26:23,561 --> 01:26:24,929 And I thought to myself, 1711 01:26:24,929 --> 01:26:26,798 "Is it dangerous?" 1712 01:26:26,798 --> 01:26:28,900 Not, "Would he not accept me?" 1713 01:26:29,133 --> 01:26:33,538 But is it dangerous because of the forced division 1714 01:26:33,538 --> 01:26:35,607 to go see him? 1715 01:26:35,607 --> 01:26:36,908 So I did. 1716 01:26:37,108 --> 01:26:39,911 I went downtown and I stood across the street 1717 01:26:40,144 --> 01:26:42,914 and watched the crowd come his way. 1718 01:26:43,114 --> 01:26:44,849 And somehow or another, he felt me 1719 01:26:44,849 --> 01:26:48,653 and turned around and beckoned to me. 1720 01:26:48,653 --> 01:26:50,888 And we were together from that point 1721 01:26:50,888 --> 01:26:54,459 until he was unable to engage. 1722 01:26:54,459 --> 01:26:59,564 In that first 24 hours, after all of the public things 1723 01:26:59,564 --> 01:27:03,935 that he was there at the Waldorf Astoria to address, 1724 01:27:04,168 --> 01:27:05,703 we talked about everything. 1725 01:27:05,703 --> 01:27:07,271 And we continued talking. 1726 01:27:07,271 --> 01:27:10,908 He entrusted me the way I know he trusted my dad. 1727 01:27:11,109 --> 01:27:14,045 His big question-- 1728 01:27:14,045 --> 01:27:16,981 One of his first questions when we were away from people was, 1729 01:27:17,181 --> 01:27:19,984 did my father know he loved him? 1730 01:27:20,218 --> 01:27:24,555 And it was a painful--it was a painful couple of hours. 1731 01:27:24,555 --> 01:27:30,595 - ♪