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Downloaded from
YTS.MX

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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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Our care facility.

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They are all

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cloned… cloned dogs.

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You don't get any more
of a story of success

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all the way to miracle healing
than Dr. Hwang.

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It was not only
a scientific breakthrough,

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but it was a political one,

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and that is what caught the attention
of both the scientists and the world.

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South Korea will be

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an economic power
100 years faster than planned.

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The promise was that people
who were paralyzed would walk again,

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and people who are dying from diseases
would have those diseases in remission.

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At that time, it was huge.

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"Finally, Koreans are the world's best!"

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First, we have
shocking and devastating news.

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Disgraced
stem cell researcher, Hwang Woo-suk,

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has been sentenced
to one year and six months in prison

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and two years of probation.

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The scientist has gone
from Jesus to Lucifer.

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When science is seen
as this thing that can save us,

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what are the consequences of scientists
taking advantage of that?

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The story becomes
a really important one to tell,

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in the understanding of both

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the heights that a misguided attention
to the wrong things

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like fame and money can bring you to

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and then the depths that profound
ethical violations can drop you to.

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We started
selectively breeding animals

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many, many thousands of years ago.

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But something much, much more powerful
is happening now.

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For the first time
in the history of this planet,

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we are able to directly design organisms.

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We can manipulate the plasms of life
with unprecedented power.

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It's not science fiction.

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It is theoretically possible
that before too long,

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we will be biotechnologically capable
of creating human beings

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that glow in the dark.

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How many camels
have you cloned from these?

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Uh…

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More than 150.

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Science often gallops
way ahead of the ethics.

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Good intentions is never an excuse
for bad behavior.

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Look what happened to Dr. Hwang.

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The fact that he was trying to do
something for the good of everybody

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does not excuse such profound misbehavior.

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He's sitting on top of the world,

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he's done something
no other human being has done,

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and then he takes
the complete fall and collapse.

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I mean, it is a story
for the ages in some ways.

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Humans made to order.

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Mothers giving birth to themselves.

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Babies conceived just so
their body parts can be transplanted.

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Come with me
into the scary new world of cloning.

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Living here,
in the middle of this desert,

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day to day,

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month to month,

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listening to this type of music,

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it gives me a lot of meaning

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to each aspect of my life.

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And perhaps in the eyes of others,

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there's just as much pain
as there is glory

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in the history of Korea.

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Uh…

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And in what I chose to do

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throughout my career in my past.

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But unfortunately,

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those things cannot be erased.

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That was who I was.

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This is the…

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reception area of the main building.

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The portraits you are looking at
are of the key leaders of the UAE.

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Sheikh Zayed,

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the current president is Sheikh Khalifa,

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uh…

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Crown Prince Sheikh Mohamed,

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our big boss, Sheikh Mansour.

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-Welcome!
-Hello!

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-How are you?
-Fine, how are you?

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Welcome.

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Thank you for having me.

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-Thank you for coming.
-How are you?

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-Okay, I'm good.
-Very good. Thanks.

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I suppose you could say I had…

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a lot of nicknames.

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I was once called the best lecturer

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at Seoul National University.

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At one point,

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I was also considered

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a national embarrassment.

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And I was treated as such.

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I'm sure they are
fully aware of everything I've done

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in this country as well.

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But even after everything,

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they are still ready to fully support me.

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When we get

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one cell from your camel…

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So you start to work with the skin only?

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-Mainly, not only.
-That's…

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But the best portion is the skin.

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Quite a good scene, isn't it?

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One man crazy,

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three very sane spectators.

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First, we have to understand
what cloning actually is.

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You take an egg,

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and you take the nucleus out of the egg.

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Then you take a body cell
from the individual you want to clone.

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It could be a skin cell, it could be
a liver cell, it could be any cell,

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and you take the nucleus out of that cell,

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and you put it into the egg.

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And now what you have is an egg
that looks a lot like a fertilized egg,

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because our body cells have all the DNA
we need to be an individual.

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Now the question is,
can you get that egg to start reproducing?

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When we use electricity,
just like in Frankenstein,

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we give it a little jolt of electricity,

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and it begins to split

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and become an organism.

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That's cloning at its most basic.

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It's alive.

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It's alive.

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It's alive! It's alive!

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It's alive!

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Actually, today is the due day.

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Night, huh? Tonight, huh?

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God willing.

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In this place, we have a total of

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six cloned baby camels.

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Amongst them,

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the black ones are beauty camels.

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Next, the baby that was born yesterday,

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and the white camel over there
are both racing camels.

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And, uh… today,

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or possibly sometime tonight,

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a third racing camel will be born.

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The baby is coming now.

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Among those criticizing
cloning technology,

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some say that cloning is wrong,

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that it is interfering with
the will of God,

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and with the process of natural creation.

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Some even say it's an attempt to play God.

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Cloning is not that kind of technology.

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No. What cloning is… is a genetic copy.

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We cannot simply create DNA
out of a vacuum.

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One might say
that history has already proved it.

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In this world,

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has there ever been a Frankenstein?

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No, not yet, right?

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Every time I see such a creature,

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I feel the greatness
of science and technology.

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It is a sense of awe at how much
science and technology

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have contributed to humanity.

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I take pride in
our science and technology.

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This is what I feel.

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-So only one embryo, yeah? Not two.
-Just one.

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Alex Tinson's my name.

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I'm an Australian veterinarian
who started out

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wanting to be a zoo vet
and ended up being a camel specialist.

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I was working at one of these
old-fashioned lion safari sort of places.

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Believe it or not,
we had a few, sort of, disasters there

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in terms of the lions and tigers
eating people.

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I nearly got eaten
a couple of times myself, I must say.

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And in the end, the place got closed down.

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Going, single embryo.

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In those days,
after you've been a vet for a year or two,

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you literally went and knocked up
your shingle somewhere and said,

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"Right, I'm a vet, come and see me,"
you know?

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These days, there's a lot more regulation.

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I came to the Middle East for two years,

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and 35 years later, I'm still here.

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My daughter's married to an Emirati whose…
a lot of the relatives

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are camel racers,
so I look after my relatives' camels.

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But I guess pretty much from day one,

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I always felt that my personal interest
was the breeding side.

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We had a camel called Mabrukan.

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He was a show camel,

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and he was big, he was black.

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People laugh at me about beauty camels.

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How do you rate a good-looking bulldog?

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How do you rate, uh, you know,
best in show and crafts?

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It's the same thing. You got a committee.

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They judge the height,
the color, the ease, position,

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how it walks.

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Mabrukan was just the biggest,

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most amazing, expensive camel we ever had.

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He was the first camel to get
a 10 out of 10 beauty score.

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Never happened before.

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He was literally the size of a dinosaur.

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When I was standing
next to him to take blood,

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his head was like this, you know.

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You felt like you were
taking blood from a T-Rex.

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He was magnificent,
but he was also very dangerous, you know?

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Because he was
ridiculously big and strong.

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He had teeth the size of a lion,

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and he was a bit grumpy.

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He was just a logistical nightmare

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because of his size,

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because of his value.

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I mean, he was five million US dollars
when he was bought.

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One of the other ruling families
from another country

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offered, I think, in excess of
20 million dollars for the camel.

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And His Highness refused.
He said, "No, not for sale."

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We were trying to breed him a bit.

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And he was a real headache

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because you'd bring
the best-looking camels to him,

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he wasn't interested in those.
He liked the scrubbers.

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The ones that didn't look that…
I don't know. It was bloody hopeless.

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Anyhow, one day,
I was with a whole lot of friends in Rome,

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and we went to this restaurant.

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So I get the phone call.

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The bloke on the other end says,
"Mabrukan's dead."

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And I'm just…

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I'm sitting there, dead silent.

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And then I stood up and I said,

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"Cut out his testicles!

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Get some skin! Put them in the fridge!

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I'll be back tonight."

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And then we forgot about it for ten years.

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Some people say
cloning is only for rich people.

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It is no doubt expensive.

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But I will take my last money

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to clone my dog.

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Csillo is a French bulldog,

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and they've got a special geometry
of the face, more like a human.

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Csillo comes from the name Csillag.

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It's Hungarian for "star."

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And he was, for me,
the star of my life, actually.

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So that's why I called him Csillo.

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It is a very deep relationship

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because we interact very much.

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And he took part in the family.

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He put me, for example, to bed.

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So when I was looking TV in the night,

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and he thought,
"Oh, it's too late, I must sleep,"

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he came to me to bring me to, to the bed.

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So that's why I think
he's like an older brother.

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He really gives me support, I think,
and the laugh.

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The laugh, I think, is the biggest thing
he gave me because

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when I went away, he was crying.

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His mood changed.

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The more days I was away,

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the more he got nervous,
the more he got sad.

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And when I saw that he had
this lymph nodule at his neck,

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I understood it was something serious.

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You could see that his life was
in a bad shape.

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He was suffering a lot.

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I knew cloning is possible.

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And then I was thinking,
"Yes, I want to clone Csillo."

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It would be a wonderful thing to see.

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I started to do research,

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where I could contact, who was doing it.

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There are some companies
who can do some steps,

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but not further processing.

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And the Americans were quite easygoing.

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They'd say, "We do cloning.
Quite good success rate."

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But when I was researching
about Dr. Hwang,

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I found out that
he had got a huge experience

257
00:16:41,440 --> 00:16:43,520
and that he was like a pioneer in this.

258
00:16:46,560 --> 00:16:48,320
Let us now introduce
the cloned calf.

259
00:16:49,160 --> 00:16:51,120
This is "super calf."

260
00:16:51,680 --> 00:16:53,560
The cry
of the cloned calf was

261
00:16:53,640 --> 00:16:55,360
healthy and strong when it was born.

262
00:16:59,920 --> 00:17:02,640
After eight years
of research, Professor Hwang's team

263
00:17:02,720 --> 00:17:05,720
created the cloned calf
using cell nuclear transfer techniques

264
00:17:05,800 --> 00:17:07,800
in his lab at Seoul National University.

265
00:17:09,360 --> 00:17:13,800
When it's ready to be applied
to domestic livestock farms in Korea,

266
00:17:14,320 --> 00:17:19,040
there will be huge savings on imports
of about 700 billion won,

267
00:17:19,680 --> 00:17:23,800
creating added value
of about 1,500 billion won per year.

268
00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:30,280
At the time,
the public did not know who he was.

269
00:17:31,200 --> 00:17:34,960
He was merely a simple professor
from Seoul National University.

270
00:17:36,840 --> 00:17:39,400
Since calves were expensive,
it was breaking news

271
00:17:39,480 --> 00:17:41,760
when Hwang Woo-suk succeeded in cloning.

272
00:17:42,840 --> 00:17:45,120
So government officials arranged a meeting

273
00:17:45,200 --> 00:17:47,840
between the president at the time
and Hwang Woo-suk.

274
00:17:49,680 --> 00:17:52,600
Hwang Woo-suk, a professor
at Seoul National University,

275
00:17:52,680 --> 00:17:53,880
was allowed to meet him.

276
00:17:53,960 --> 00:17:55,200
This was a special occasion

277
00:17:55,280 --> 00:17:57,640
as regular citizens could never meet
the president.

278
00:17:57,720 --> 00:17:59,600
Not even if they were
distinguished scientists.

279
00:18:03,440 --> 00:18:06,480
He had numbers in the hundreds of,
of cows that he was cloning

280
00:18:06,560 --> 00:18:08,520
and, uh, other, other animals.

281
00:18:08,600 --> 00:18:11,960
He, he wanted to clone a, um,
a Korean tiger.

282
00:18:12,040 --> 00:18:13,840
And the Korean tiger is very symbolic.

283
00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:17,360
He was describing it as a way to get
North Korea and South Korea

284
00:18:17,440 --> 00:18:20,360
to come together
because it was their common heritage.

285
00:18:20,440 --> 00:18:23,680
They had this endangered species,
and he wanted to be able to clone it.

286
00:18:25,080 --> 00:18:26,000
He thought that

287
00:18:26,560 --> 00:18:29,520
if a North Korean tiger,
a gift from the north,

288
00:18:30,040 --> 00:18:32,320
could be cloned using
South Korean technology,

289
00:18:33,640 --> 00:18:36,600
there would be
no greater scientific event.

290
00:18:36,680 --> 00:18:37,920
Hwang did not hesitate.

291
00:18:38,720 --> 00:18:40,280
He grasped the opportunity.

292
00:18:41,960 --> 00:18:43,880
Hearing about the process
to clone a Korean tiger,

293
00:18:43,960 --> 00:18:45,680
it sounds technically complicated.

294
00:18:45,760 --> 00:18:48,160
Could a tiger be successfully cloned?

295
00:18:49,320 --> 00:18:52,000
Yes, I am hoping that by the year 2000.

296
00:18:52,560 --> 00:18:55,360
I will succeed
in cloning the Korean tiger.

297
00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:56,440
Thank you.

298
00:18:56,520 --> 00:18:57,640
With this claim,

299
00:18:57,720 --> 00:18:59,840
he knew he could garner
the attention of the public,

300
00:18:59,920 --> 00:19:01,400
and raise research funds.

301
00:19:02,840 --> 00:19:03,800
At that time,

302
00:19:04,960 --> 00:19:08,040
there were no "Korean tigers"
in South Korea.

303
00:19:09,760 --> 00:19:12,720
They had gone extinct,
as the last remaining tigers,

304
00:19:12,800 --> 00:19:15,320
the breeding tigers, had failed,
so to speak.

305
00:19:17,240 --> 00:19:19,520
From the Pyongyang Zoo in North Korea,

306
00:19:20,000 --> 00:19:23,640
the last two Korean tigers who were
still alive,

307
00:19:23,720 --> 00:19:25,440
one male and one female,

308
00:19:26,120 --> 00:19:27,240
were sent to South Korea

309
00:19:28,040 --> 00:19:30,160
in a sort of animal exchange program.

310
00:19:34,400 --> 00:19:35,760
In the beginning,

311
00:19:35,840 --> 00:19:40,240
the easiest egg to, uh, to obtain
was the pig egg.

312
00:19:40,320 --> 00:19:42,560
Compared to other animal eggs,

313
00:19:42,640 --> 00:19:45,040
it's easy to use them for surrogates.

314
00:19:45,640 --> 00:19:47,040
So at first,

315
00:19:47,600 --> 00:19:50,040
we used the Korean tiger donor cell

316
00:19:50,760 --> 00:19:53,880
and injected it right into the pig egg.

317
00:19:55,640 --> 00:19:58,520
Afterwards, we took it to the next level,

318
00:19:59,560 --> 00:20:01,400
which was to use the cow egg.

319
00:20:02,840 --> 00:20:03,760
And after that,

320
00:20:04,280 --> 00:20:07,360
once we'd confirmed
that initial development was possible

321
00:20:07,440 --> 00:20:09,040
using the pig and the cow,

322
00:20:09,600 --> 00:20:11,960
we moved on to using domestic cats.

323
00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:16,080
At this time, we used, um,

324
00:20:16,160 --> 00:20:17,440
the tiger and the lion.

325
00:20:17,520 --> 00:20:20,360
We used each of the animals
as surrogate mothers.

326
00:20:24,040 --> 00:20:26,880
One of the lions developed a… a hernia.

327
00:20:27,920 --> 00:20:30,960
So after the implantation,
the wound didn't heal,

328
00:20:31,040 --> 00:20:32,840
and there were complications.

329
00:20:32,920 --> 00:20:34,760
We observed that the intestines…

330
00:20:36,160 --> 00:20:39,840
The innards came out and ultimately,
the animal perished.

331
00:20:41,400 --> 00:20:43,360
That is when we stopped the experiment.

332
00:20:44,280 --> 00:20:46,040
This is what science is.

333
00:20:47,680 --> 00:20:50,280
And some might think it reckless,

334
00:20:51,320 --> 00:20:55,160
but in science, you can't ignore a path
just because it's reckless.

335
00:20:55,720 --> 00:20:57,320
Through the process,

336
00:20:57,400 --> 00:20:58,680
there are trials.

337
00:20:59,160 --> 00:21:01,160
But again, we obtain scientific data,

338
00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:04,160
so nothing goes to waste.
We make sure of it.

339
00:21:07,680 --> 00:21:10,360
Scientists
in South Korea have, for the first time,

340
00:21:10,440 --> 00:21:12,240
successfully cloned a dog.

341
00:21:12,320 --> 00:21:17,120
It is an Afghan Hound,
and as of today, it is 101 days old.

342
00:21:17,200 --> 00:21:20,240
Dr. Hwang's team has declared
the dog's cloning a success

343
00:21:20,320 --> 00:21:23,200
and it is seen as the peak
of animal cloning research.

344
00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:26,440
The name of
the world's first cloned dog is Snuppy.

345
00:21:26,520 --> 00:21:29,560
The name is Seoul National University's
English acronym

346
00:21:29,640 --> 00:21:31,480
and the word "puppy" put together.

347
00:21:32,800 --> 00:21:36,280
Researchers say
the puppy is healthy and normal.

348
00:21:38,640 --> 00:21:41,840
American researchers
had tried for a long time

349
00:21:41,920 --> 00:21:44,360
to take on the difficult task
of cloning a puppy

350
00:21:44,960 --> 00:21:46,360
named Missy.

351
00:21:46,440 --> 00:21:48,040
But they had repeatedly failed.

352
00:21:49,440 --> 00:21:50,600
We bred dogs so much

353
00:21:50,680 --> 00:21:53,920
that their genomes
were very fragile in certain ways.

354
00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:55,880
That made them difficult to clone.

355
00:21:55,960 --> 00:21:58,960
He was a very skilled scientist.

356
00:21:59,040 --> 00:22:03,880
So it wasn't a surprise to
the scientific community that he did it.

357
00:22:03,960 --> 00:22:07,480
I mean, people were surprised only because
they didn't know who would be first.

358
00:22:07,560 --> 00:22:08,520
It was a race.

359
00:22:09,360 --> 00:22:11,440
I believe that in this case,

360
00:22:11,520 --> 00:22:13,520
our success sends a…

361
00:22:13,600 --> 00:22:15,880
message to others
in the bioengineering world

362
00:22:15,960 --> 00:22:17,000
and cloning field.

363
00:22:17,480 --> 00:22:19,160
And it is not a small one.

364
00:22:21,080 --> 00:22:24,920
The fact that we can successfully
clone dogs is not a small feat.

365
00:22:25,000 --> 00:22:27,640
Because it means
if we are given the opportunity,

366
00:22:28,360 --> 00:22:30,680
and the necessary conditions required,

367
00:22:31,320 --> 00:22:35,880
we can believe that cloning
almost any other animal is possible.

368
00:22:39,840 --> 00:22:41,840
Dr. Hwang had a lot of funding.

369
00:22:41,920 --> 00:22:43,480
He had a lot of fancy machines

370
00:22:43,560 --> 00:22:46,320
and micromanipulators
that are used to manipulate the eggs.

371
00:22:46,400 --> 00:22:50,960
He had technicians who he claimed
had special training with their hands.

372
00:22:51,040 --> 00:22:52,720
"Chopstick-trained hands."

373
00:22:52,800 --> 00:22:55,760
About 30 researchers
in Professor Hwang's team work,

374
00:22:55,840 --> 00:22:58,520
on average, from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m.

375
00:23:00,000 --> 00:23:00,920
The "chopstick technique"

376
00:23:01,000 --> 00:23:04,640
which involves removing the nucleus
from an egg in a split second,

377
00:23:04,720 --> 00:23:08,000
is a technique that is mindboggling
to bioengineers around the world.

378
00:23:08,880 --> 00:23:11,120
Foreigners have slower hands, so…

379
00:23:12,360 --> 00:23:15,960
Let's say we do 100 an hour,
they manage fewer than us.

380
00:23:17,040 --> 00:23:18,240
One day,

381
00:23:19,240 --> 00:23:20,880
I heard from the UAE government

382
00:23:22,040 --> 00:23:26,040
that there used to be a symbolic camel
in their country named Mabrukan,

383
00:23:26,800 --> 00:23:29,120
but 10 years ago, it suddenly died.

384
00:23:30,880 --> 00:23:32,000
They asked me

385
00:23:33,280 --> 00:23:36,080
what the possibility
of cloning Mabrukan was.

386
00:23:38,120 --> 00:23:39,240
So I told them,

387
00:23:39,800 --> 00:23:42,760
"The probability is
less than one percent."

388
00:23:44,040 --> 00:23:47,040
One day, we were told literally
to come to the conference room.

389
00:23:47,680 --> 00:23:49,640
In walked Prof. Hwang with his team.

390
00:23:50,360 --> 00:23:51,680
And, if I'm really honest,

391
00:23:51,760 --> 00:23:53,960
did I really think
we were gonna clone him? No.

392
00:23:54,040 --> 00:23:56,600
I thought we could get
some individual sperm

393
00:23:56,680 --> 00:23:58,880
into sperm injection and get an offspring.

394
00:24:09,440 --> 00:24:10,400
At last,

395
00:24:11,080 --> 00:24:12,960
11 years after its death,

396
00:24:14,440 --> 00:24:17,960
11 cloned Mabrukans were born
from this science.

397
00:24:20,280 --> 00:24:21,760
Ten Mabrukans.

398
00:24:25,960 --> 00:24:28,480
They are now living here in the UAE

399
00:24:28,560 --> 00:24:30,920
as extremely treasured subjects.

400
00:24:35,680 --> 00:24:37,280
When the brain function…

401
00:24:39,720 --> 00:24:42,040
and the heartbeat come to a halt,

402
00:24:42,120 --> 00:24:45,080
those are considered to be
some of the early signs of death,

403
00:24:45,160 --> 00:24:46,720
but we think otherwise.

404
00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:50,320
Forget about medical death.

405
00:24:50,400 --> 00:24:53,000
We do not think
an organism is totally dead

406
00:24:54,400 --> 00:24:57,080
until the body cell
no longer has the potential

407
00:24:57,160 --> 00:24:59,040
to be cultured as a cell line.

408
00:24:59,920 --> 00:25:01,360
In this line of work,

409
00:25:01,440 --> 00:25:03,560
that is our definition of death.

410
00:25:04,560 --> 00:25:08,240
Our research has proved to us
time and time again,

411
00:25:08,760 --> 00:25:12,920
that a single cell itself is, in fact,
a living thing.

412
00:25:16,040 --> 00:25:17,480
I must say, the first time,

413
00:25:17,560 --> 00:25:20,200
I was just standing there,
holding this animal.

414
00:25:20,680 --> 00:25:25,600
And I thought to myself,
"This thing was dead for 10 years."

415
00:25:25,680 --> 00:25:28,840
"I used to look after it,
and here it is back."

416
00:25:28,920 --> 00:25:32,880
And I've got to say
I cannot explain the feeling.

417
00:25:32,960 --> 00:25:34,600
Does it feel like a God complex?

418
00:25:34,680 --> 00:25:36,720
Yes, unfortunately, it does.

419
00:25:36,800 --> 00:25:38,520
At that moment, you suddenly thought,

420
00:25:38,600 --> 00:25:41,440
"God, what have we done?
Isn't this just incredible?"

421
00:25:41,520 --> 00:25:43,720
And then you just think,
"God, what have we done?"

422
00:26:05,720 --> 00:26:09,520
The last day of Csillo,
actually, he was in, in this room.

423
00:26:10,480 --> 00:26:11,880
He came back from the vet.

424
00:26:11,960 --> 00:26:15,600
He was sleeping here on my arms,
and he knew he would die.

425
00:26:15,680 --> 00:26:19,520
And that's why he was a bit shaking.
He wanted to be with us.

426
00:26:19,600 --> 00:26:22,160
And this point, we, uh, he was, he's,

427
00:26:22,240 --> 00:26:24,160
he died here, actually.

428
00:26:24,880 --> 00:26:25,880
Here, he died.

429
00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:29,880
Yes.

430
00:26:30,840 --> 00:26:32,200
Here, he still had hope.

431
00:26:32,280 --> 00:26:35,560
You see, his eyes still wanted to live.

432
00:26:35,640 --> 00:26:37,960
But the last day,
he could not live anymore.

433
00:26:38,480 --> 00:26:41,360
We were shocked.
Csillo was dead after 12 years.

434
00:26:41,440 --> 00:26:43,960
Because you must know, the shock is…

435
00:26:44,040 --> 00:26:45,800
That's why it was so strong.

436
00:26:45,880 --> 00:26:47,360
He did not age, actually.

437
00:26:47,440 --> 00:26:50,600
He was always playful,
he was always young, always full of power.

438
00:26:53,880 --> 00:26:56,920
He was in a completely
good shape. He was in super shape.

439
00:26:57,000 --> 00:27:00,520
Although French bulldogs live only 12,

440
00:27:00,600 --> 00:27:04,200
if he did not have this leukemia,
he would live for maybe 20 years.

441
00:27:04,280 --> 00:27:07,640
And because of this, it was very shocking
that it happened to him.

442
00:27:07,720 --> 00:27:10,440
From one day to the other,
everything turned out bad.

443
00:27:11,680 --> 00:27:14,720
I tried to put the sadness of losing him

444
00:27:14,800 --> 00:27:17,080
into the happiness of recreating him.

445
00:27:18,960 --> 00:27:21,040
I guess one way to look at it is…

446
00:27:22,200 --> 00:27:24,160
grief is the catalyst.

447
00:27:24,240 --> 00:27:25,480
It's where our…

448
00:27:26,720 --> 00:27:29,120
cloning process really begins.

449
00:27:29,200 --> 00:27:31,960
I started to buy a cloning kit.

450
00:27:32,040 --> 00:27:34,920
How to take the sample,
how to store the samples,

451
00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:37,480
and we took the samples from the ear.

452
00:27:37,560 --> 00:27:42,880
Because the ear, the fibroblasts are
more easily to let them grow after.

453
00:27:43,720 --> 00:27:46,800
We sent to England.
There's cell storage for animals.

454
00:27:46,880 --> 00:27:48,920
From England, they went to Korea.

455
00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:53,040
Because it was in the transition time
when he went from Korea to Abu Dhabi.

456
00:27:56,280 --> 00:27:58,160
Although
we can't guarantee success,

457
00:27:58,240 --> 00:28:00,160
we told them to send the tissues quickly.

458
00:28:01,600 --> 00:28:03,240
Dr. Hwang was so nice.

459
00:28:03,320 --> 00:28:05,200
Once he had cells growing,

460
00:28:05,280 --> 00:28:08,040
he made pictures.
Then he sent me pictures of it.

461
00:28:08,120 --> 00:28:10,360
And he had two teams working on it.

462
00:28:10,440 --> 00:28:13,560
But when they clone dogs,
it's quite difficult to achieve,

463
00:28:13,640 --> 00:28:15,400
so they make more dogs.

464
00:28:15,480 --> 00:28:19,200
And I cloned Csillo
because I wanted to have Csillo back.

465
00:28:19,280 --> 00:28:23,200
Not a sea dog, not a,
a playing football dog.

466
00:28:23,280 --> 00:28:25,320
I wanted Csillo, Csillo back.

467
00:28:25,400 --> 00:28:30,360
The problem in the cloning process is
that there could be many failures.

468
00:28:31,080 --> 00:28:35,080
So what they're doing,
they make multiple trials,

469
00:28:35,160 --> 00:28:39,920
so it can be that you get five dogs back,
or four dogs back, or three.

470
00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:43,040
So we had two cloned Csillo,
actually, at this time.

471
00:28:43,600 --> 00:28:48,400
We had… The first clone of Csillo
was born in November,

472
00:28:49,520 --> 00:28:52,240
and I thought, "Look, I have a cloned dog!

473
00:28:52,320 --> 00:28:53,200
It's fantastic!"

474
00:28:58,040 --> 00:29:00,680
And then the assistant
of Dr. Hwang called me.

475
00:29:00,760 --> 00:29:02,480
"We have got another Csillo."

476
00:29:03,280 --> 00:29:07,960
The first of these two brothers died,
very early afterwards,

477
00:29:08,640 --> 00:29:10,200
because of the malformation.

478
00:29:10,280 --> 00:29:13,600
He starved to death, actually.
We couldn't do nothing. It was too young.

479
00:29:13,680 --> 00:29:14,960
I can tell you now,

480
00:29:15,040 --> 00:29:18,240
Csillo two, he's one year
and a half old now,

481
00:29:18,320 --> 00:29:20,400
and he's a happy dog.

482
00:29:20,480 --> 00:29:22,440
And that's why I know
I did everything right.

483
00:29:28,200 --> 00:29:29,600
This cloning is…

484
00:29:31,080 --> 00:29:34,520
not about… copying 100%.

485
00:29:34,600 --> 00:29:38,000
We are copying genetically,
we're copying the DNA.

486
00:29:38,080 --> 00:29:39,960
We are not copying the phenotype.

487
00:29:41,160 --> 00:29:43,640
Therefore, there might be
a slight difference

488
00:29:43,720 --> 00:29:46,320
from the original.
So this is what we say to people.

489
00:29:47,000 --> 00:29:49,120
We didn't know what to do
with Csillo's body.

490
00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:51,960
We didn't know if we should bury him or…

491
00:29:52,040 --> 00:29:53,480
What are we doing with him?

492
00:29:53,560 --> 00:29:56,560
Some people are putting it, you know,
stuff it or do something.

493
00:29:56,640 --> 00:29:58,400
So we put him in the fridge.

494
00:30:11,800 --> 00:30:16,720
Our idea is that
we'll find a place where Csillo can be.

495
00:30:17,400 --> 00:30:19,720
We did not want to put him
in a cemetery here in Hungary.

496
00:30:19,800 --> 00:30:22,680
We wanted to be next to him.

497
00:30:22,760 --> 00:30:25,080
And we want to find a place
where he would be happy

498
00:30:25,160 --> 00:30:27,360
and where we connect always with him.

499
00:30:27,440 --> 00:30:29,440
That's what we, we find now.

500
00:30:29,520 --> 00:30:32,360
A place in a garden where we can go

501
00:30:32,440 --> 00:30:35,840
and where we can cherish him,
and it will be his place.

502
00:30:41,920 --> 00:30:43,000
At this time,

503
00:30:43,520 --> 00:30:45,160
in the genus of dogs,

504
00:30:45,960 --> 00:30:47,240
I think we have…

505
00:30:48,440 --> 00:30:52,760
I think we have cloned roughly 1,600 dogs.

506
00:30:53,480 --> 00:30:55,800
We've also cloned cows,

507
00:30:55,880 --> 00:30:58,800
pigs, wolves, coyotes,

508
00:30:58,880 --> 00:31:01,040
cats, horses.

509
00:31:02,960 --> 00:31:05,480
When Dolly the sheep was cloned,

510
00:31:05,560 --> 00:31:07,440
there were no rules or laws against it.

511
00:31:07,520 --> 00:31:10,920
There still aren't to this day,
as far as animals are concerned.

512
00:31:11,400 --> 00:31:15,560
But the majority of Americans said
they thought cloning animals was wrong.

513
00:31:16,280 --> 00:31:20,560
And it took another
eight to ten months to a year

514
00:31:20,640 --> 00:31:22,720
for scientists and the media to say,

515
00:31:22,800 --> 00:31:25,160
"You're not getting
what cloning really is.

516
00:31:25,240 --> 00:31:28,120
Here's what it is." And then slowly,
those numbers went down, down, down

517
00:31:28,200 --> 00:31:29,640
until you had Americans saying,

518
00:31:29,720 --> 00:31:33,160
"Well, okay, things like
cloning sheep are fine."

519
00:31:33,240 --> 00:31:36,200
Once you get to cloning primates
and then to human beings, though,

520
00:31:36,280 --> 00:31:38,720
it's an entirely different
kind of conversation.

521
00:31:39,280 --> 00:31:41,320
Now, a major development in human cloning,

522
00:31:41,400 --> 00:31:44,480
health correspondent,
Susan Dentzer begins.

523
00:31:44,560 --> 00:31:46,800
Other scientists
have previously cloned

524
00:31:46,880 --> 00:31:48,320
small numbers of human embryos

525
00:31:48,400 --> 00:31:49,880
that live for a short time.

526
00:31:50,520 --> 00:31:51,600
By contrast,

527
00:31:51,680 --> 00:31:55,160
the South Koreans who announced
their work today in the journal, Science,

528
00:31:55,240 --> 00:31:57,120
apparently succeeded on a scale

529
00:31:57,200 --> 00:32:00,360
that far outstripped
earlier human cloning efforts.

530
00:32:00,440 --> 00:32:02,560
It was earth-shattering in the sense that

531
00:32:02,640 --> 00:32:06,760
this was the first step towards
the world of regenerative medicine

532
00:32:06,840 --> 00:32:09,360
when we were actually going to be able
to start using these cells

533
00:32:09,440 --> 00:32:11,280
for all kinds of therapeutic uses.

534
00:32:11,360 --> 00:32:14,160
The researchers began
with a group of 16 women,

535
00:32:14,240 --> 00:32:16,120
who were given
hormone treatments to produce

536
00:32:16,200 --> 00:32:18,760
large numbers of reproductive egg cells.

537
00:32:19,320 --> 00:32:22,080
Then the scientists used
innovative techniques

538
00:32:22,160 --> 00:32:24,960
to strip out the nucleus
from each of the egg cells.

539
00:32:25,640 --> 00:32:28,440
The scientists next took body cells

540
00:32:28,520 --> 00:32:31,080
from the same women
who had donated the egg cells.

541
00:32:31,160 --> 00:32:33,840
The body cells have
two sets of chromosomes,

542
00:32:33,920 --> 00:32:37,160
the full genetic blueprint needed
to create a human being.

543
00:32:37,240 --> 00:32:41,040
The scientists then removed
these body cells' nuclear material

544
00:32:41,120 --> 00:32:43,320
and placed it into the egg cells.

545
00:32:43,400 --> 00:32:46,200
The result was 66 cloned eggs,

546
00:32:46,280 --> 00:32:48,240
in effect, human embryos,

547
00:32:48,320 --> 00:32:51,560
with the exact genetic makeup
of the original females.

548
00:32:51,640 --> 00:32:53,400
There was this tremendous interest

549
00:32:53,480 --> 00:32:55,880
from the point of view
of regenerative medicine.

550
00:32:55,960 --> 00:32:58,000
Because if you can take a cell
and you can make it

551
00:32:58,080 --> 00:32:59,800
into any of the cells in the body,

552
00:32:59,880 --> 00:33:01,720
you know, could we make new livers?

553
00:33:01,800 --> 00:33:02,960
Could we grow new organs?

554
00:33:03,040 --> 00:33:05,280
Could we regenerate damaged nerve cells?

555
00:33:05,360 --> 00:33:08,960
And so there was this huge, sort of,
therapeutic interest as well.

556
00:33:09,040 --> 00:33:12,240
You had some pretty prominent scientists
talking about this

557
00:33:12,320 --> 00:33:15,720
as, as car parts that we'd be replacing.

558
00:33:15,800 --> 00:33:18,360
Embryonic stem cells
are the building block cells

559
00:33:18,440 --> 00:33:22,320
that ultimately develop into almost
all the cells and tissues of the body.

560
00:33:22,400 --> 00:33:26,960
The South Korean researchers extracted
these primordial cells from the embryos,

561
00:33:27,040 --> 00:33:29,320
destroying the embryos in the process.

562
00:33:29,400 --> 00:33:33,640
They then grew entire colonies
of genetically identical stem cells.

563
00:33:33,720 --> 00:33:37,840
You need to recognize
that the primary American contribution

564
00:33:38,400 --> 00:33:41,880
to the work in Seoul has been Coca-Cola.

565
00:33:41,960 --> 00:33:45,360
Woo-suk lives on caffeine and sugar.

566
00:33:46,680 --> 00:33:50,520
This was the biological dream.

567
00:33:50,600 --> 00:33:55,160
Dr. Hwang became a world-famous scientist.

568
00:33:55,240 --> 00:34:00,120
He was very much being hailed
as a scientific superstar

569
00:34:00,200 --> 00:34:01,760
in South Korea.

570
00:34:02,480 --> 00:34:05,200
There will come a time
when I can share information with you.

571
00:34:06,240 --> 00:34:07,520
It is reputation.

572
00:34:07,600 --> 00:34:08,920
It is money.

573
00:34:09,000 --> 00:34:12,720
It is your place
in the pantheon of science for all time

574
00:34:12,800 --> 00:34:16,600
so that the textbooks a hundred years
from now are going to mention your name.

575
00:34:17,240 --> 00:34:19,440
It's absolutely stunning

576
00:34:19,920 --> 00:34:22,880
how brilliant
the scientific advances have been

577
00:34:22,960 --> 00:34:26,720
and how important
the medical implications are.

578
00:34:26,800 --> 00:34:30,080
His accomplishment here is…
is fantastic,

579
00:34:30,720 --> 00:34:35,360
but what people are most amazed by
is not his scientific ability,

580
00:34:35,440 --> 00:34:37,960
but by his ability to get these eggs.

581
00:34:38,040 --> 00:34:42,240
The crucial resource was getting eggs
to grow in the clone cells.

582
00:34:42,320 --> 00:34:44,280
You need eggs to grow these things.

583
00:34:44,360 --> 00:34:46,200
And it's not easy to get human eggs.

584
00:34:46,280 --> 00:34:48,360
During
the monthly menstrual cycle,

585
00:34:48,440 --> 00:34:50,600
one of the ovaries releases an egg.

586
00:34:50,680 --> 00:34:54,640
After ovulation,
the egg enters the fallopian tube.

587
00:34:54,720 --> 00:34:59,840
A woman is most likely to become pregnant
if she has sex in the days just before,

588
00:34:59,920 --> 00:35:02,680
during, or right after ovulation.

589
00:35:03,240 --> 00:35:08,160
Dr. Hwang claimed
he used 242 eggs.

590
00:35:08,240 --> 00:35:10,720
That means that he had to ask women

591
00:35:11,320 --> 00:35:15,360
to take a drug
to hyperstimulate their ovaries,

592
00:35:15,440 --> 00:35:17,640
and then use a needle

593
00:35:17,720 --> 00:35:22,240
to aspirate from their ovaries,
one at a time, to use in research.

594
00:35:23,680 --> 00:35:25,920
I think one thing that is
often obscured

595
00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:28,120
by the scientific language is

596
00:35:28,200 --> 00:35:32,080
the bodily burden on women
that's involved in,

597
00:35:32,160 --> 00:35:34,880
you know, the biological labor
of producing eggs

598
00:35:34,960 --> 00:35:38,440
and the kind of biomedical reality
of women going through

599
00:35:38,520 --> 00:35:42,000
cycles of ovarian hyperstimulation
and harvesting.

600
00:35:42,080 --> 00:35:44,280
There were different rules
in different countries

601
00:35:44,360 --> 00:35:47,480
about how you might access ova.

602
00:35:47,560 --> 00:35:50,840
But in every case,
there is only one way to do it,

603
00:35:50,920 --> 00:35:54,720
and that is to get consent from a woman.

604
00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:57,960
He claimed that he had 16 women

605
00:35:58,040 --> 00:36:00,960
that gave 242 eggs.

606
00:36:01,040 --> 00:36:03,760
And he claimed
that these were all volunteers

607
00:36:03,840 --> 00:36:06,240
that had done this
just out of the good of their heart

608
00:36:06,320 --> 00:36:08,120
because they believed in his research.

609
00:36:08,720 --> 00:36:11,280
We were thinking,
"Well, this is amazing that he did this."

610
00:36:11,960 --> 00:36:13,840
So when I was in his office, I'd ask him,

611
00:36:13,920 --> 00:36:16,080
"How did you get these eggs?
Where did they come from?"

612
00:36:16,160 --> 00:36:18,520
Once again, I would like to express

613
00:36:19,320 --> 00:36:22,560
my deepest gratitude
to the many dignified women

614
00:36:22,640 --> 00:36:23,680
who were willing

615
00:36:25,440 --> 00:36:27,760
to provide their eggs for this study.

616
00:36:27,840 --> 00:36:29,120
I was working for Nature,

617
00:36:29,200 --> 00:36:32,800
which is a very well-known
international science magazine,

618
00:36:32,880 --> 00:36:34,760
and I was the Asia-Pacific correspondent.

619
00:36:34,840 --> 00:36:37,240
And I was trying to find out more about

620
00:36:37,320 --> 00:36:40,360
biomedical science in Korea,
stem cell research in Korea,

621
00:36:40,440 --> 00:36:43,760
and I really didn't think
that I was going to uncover something.

622
00:36:43,840 --> 00:36:47,040
I didn't think that he had done anything
demonstrably wrong.

623
00:36:49,320 --> 00:36:51,880
I was just getting
some weird vibes from him.

624
00:36:51,960 --> 00:36:54,360
I mean, he was giving me answers
that weren't complete,

625
00:36:54,440 --> 00:36:57,520
and he looked uncomfortable
when I asked these questions.

626
00:36:57,600 --> 00:36:59,720
So I decided just to call
everybody on the paper.

627
00:36:59,800 --> 00:37:01,640
There were 15 co-authors,
and the first author

628
00:37:01,720 --> 00:37:04,080
is usually the person
who does all the work.

629
00:37:04,160 --> 00:37:08,280
The last author was the senior professor
who has kind of designed the experiment,

630
00:37:08,360 --> 00:37:11,320
and I just started calling each of them,
hoping that I could find

631
00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:13,000
one person who could say,

632
00:37:13,080 --> 00:37:15,800
"Yes, I was in charge of the process.
This is how we did it."

633
00:37:16,840 --> 00:37:18,960
Several of them said,
"Just talk to Dr. Hwang.

634
00:37:19,040 --> 00:37:20,120
I don't want to talk to you."

635
00:37:20,920 --> 00:37:23,760
But finally, I had a woman on the phone,

636
00:37:23,840 --> 00:37:25,320
and she said,

637
00:37:25,400 --> 00:37:29,200
"I can't tell you about
the egg donation process in general.

638
00:37:29,280 --> 00:37:31,160
I can only tell you
about my own procedure."

639
00:37:33,400 --> 00:37:34,440
It took me a second.

640
00:37:34,520 --> 00:37:36,760
"So you donated your eggs
for the experiment?"

641
00:37:37,640 --> 00:37:39,040
She said, "Yes, I donated my eggs."

642
00:37:39,880 --> 00:37:42,680
And then it hit me that this was…

643
00:37:42,760 --> 00:37:44,640
this was something…
this was something big.

644
00:37:44,720 --> 00:37:47,240
So I asked her about all of the procedures

645
00:37:47,320 --> 00:37:49,920
that she went through,
where she did it, why she did it.

646
00:37:50,000 --> 00:37:51,960
She said she had already had children,

647
00:37:52,040 --> 00:37:54,960
she wasn't worried even if it made her
unable to have children.

648
00:37:55,040 --> 00:37:58,200
She said, "There are so many people
with spinal cord injuries in Korea.

649
00:37:58,280 --> 00:38:00,880
I want to help them out any way I can."

650
00:38:00,960 --> 00:38:04,680
She basically said Dr. Hwang
was going to be a savior to people,

651
00:38:04,760 --> 00:38:06,480
and she wanted to be a part of it.

652
00:38:07,040 --> 00:38:08,080
At that time,

653
00:38:09,640 --> 00:38:13,240
we had many female researchers in the lab.

654
00:38:14,560 --> 00:38:17,240
All the female researchers were called
into his office.

655
00:38:18,720 --> 00:38:20,600
Hwang Woo-suk showed them the papers,

656
00:38:21,400 --> 00:38:24,240
and personally explained all the details
of his contents,

657
00:38:24,320 --> 00:38:26,360
then asked them to sign it.

658
00:38:26,440 --> 00:38:29,560
The majority of the female researchers
in the lab signed the papers

659
00:38:29,640 --> 00:38:31,280
without a second thought,

660
00:38:31,360 --> 00:38:33,200
and Professor Hwang collected them.

661
00:38:35,200 --> 00:38:40,960
I think it's fairly likely that
if you were a junior female researcher

662
00:38:41,040 --> 00:38:44,120
working in a lab at this time
and you thought that giving your eggs

663
00:38:44,200 --> 00:38:46,720
was a way that you could make
this breakthrough happen,

664
00:38:47,240 --> 00:38:49,400
you would do it, willingly.

665
00:38:49,480 --> 00:38:51,720
You might not even need to be asked.

666
00:38:51,800 --> 00:38:54,680
But was it really voluntary?
Did they have any choice?

667
00:38:54,760 --> 00:38:57,200
Um, I think, in the matter,

668
00:38:57,280 --> 00:39:02,800
did the well-respected, senior scientist
coming into the lab and saying,

669
00:39:02,880 --> 00:39:05,600
"Well, we need some eggs.
Where on Earth can we get them from?"

670
00:39:05,680 --> 00:39:07,800
Is that a form of coercion?

671
00:39:09,120 --> 00:39:11,320
The article I wrote
was basically about

672
00:39:11,400 --> 00:39:14,000
there being ethical problems
with the research

673
00:39:14,080 --> 00:39:17,120
that Dr. Hwang did not want to recognize.

674
00:39:17,800 --> 00:39:19,920
And the title of the article was,

675
00:39:20,000 --> 00:39:23,880
"Korean cloners
dogged by ethical problems,"

676
00:39:23,960 --> 00:39:25,200
and I told Dr. Hwang this.

677
00:39:25,280 --> 00:39:29,200
And he said, "If you do that,
you're going to have very big problems."

678
00:39:33,640 --> 00:39:36,640
It has been revealed that the funding
provided to Professor Hwang's team

679
00:39:36,720 --> 00:39:38,760
by the government
and private organizations

680
00:39:38,840 --> 00:39:41,240
amount to over 100 billion won.

681
00:39:42,400 --> 00:39:44,640
Do you feel powerful,
Professor Hwang?

682
00:39:45,120 --> 00:39:46,680
Power? What power?

683
00:39:47,360 --> 00:39:49,720
It just means
there is greater responsibility.

684
00:39:50,480 --> 00:39:54,520
I thought that the article
would lead to further investigation

685
00:39:54,600 --> 00:39:56,800
and that they would find
what I wrote was true

686
00:39:56,880 --> 00:39:59,800
and that there would be
more reflection on this,

687
00:40:00,440 --> 00:40:03,000
and probably some headaches
for Dr. Hwang, but…

688
00:40:03,080 --> 00:40:07,800
I was surprised that there was
only negative reaction to my article,

689
00:40:07,880 --> 00:40:09,480
to the integrity of my article.

690
00:40:09,560 --> 00:40:12,640
And among the scientific community,
there was very little said.

691
00:40:12,720 --> 00:40:14,000
And this is the star

692
00:40:14,080 --> 00:40:17,120
of embryonic stem cell research,
of cloning research.

693
00:40:17,200 --> 00:40:19,040
This is the guy at the center of it all,

694
00:40:19,120 --> 00:40:22,720
and if he has serious
bioethical problems in his research,

695
00:40:22,800 --> 00:40:24,560
then we should be talking about it.

696
00:40:25,200 --> 00:40:26,960
But no one wanted to talk about it.

697
00:40:30,600 --> 00:40:34,320
And then Dr. Hwang's
second human cloning paper

698
00:40:34,400 --> 00:40:38,360
came out in May of 2005,
so just over a year after his first.

699
00:40:39,640 --> 00:40:45,560
This report brings science
a giant step forward toward the day

700
00:40:45,640 --> 00:40:51,560
when some of humankind's
most devastating diseases and injuries

701
00:40:51,640 --> 00:40:58,520
can be effectively treated
through the use of therapeutic stem cells.

702
00:40:58,600 --> 00:41:03,560
That 2005 paper
was a step towards the ability

703
00:41:03,640 --> 00:41:07,320
to be able to use a patient's own cells

704
00:41:07,400 --> 00:41:10,120
to create therapies for that patient.

705
00:41:10,200 --> 00:41:15,720
The work that you do in Korea
doesn't occur anywhere else in the world.

706
00:41:16,920 --> 00:41:20,440
Therapeutic cloning offers
the hope of understanding

707
00:41:20,520 --> 00:41:24,360
treatment and cures for millions
and millions of people around the world.

708
00:41:24,440 --> 00:41:27,720
Scientists say it's
the greatest discovery of our lifetime.

709
00:41:28,400 --> 00:41:31,240
Dr. Hwang claimed
that he took a fertilized egg

710
00:41:31,320 --> 00:41:35,720
that has managed to divide
into a certain number of cells.

711
00:41:35,800 --> 00:41:39,640
Each one of those cells
are what we call pluripotent stem cells,

712
00:41:39,720 --> 00:41:42,280
which means that every one of those cells

713
00:41:42,360 --> 00:41:45,480
can turn into a kidney cell,
or a lung cell, or a skin cell.

714
00:41:45,560 --> 00:41:49,800
And the goal here
was to take this cloned, fertilized egg

715
00:41:49,880 --> 00:41:52,000
and be able to clone it into many

716
00:41:52,080 --> 00:41:54,520
so that you could get stem cells

717
00:41:54,600 --> 00:41:59,160
that all would actually be identical
to that original,

718
00:41:59,240 --> 00:42:03,120
which, in a uterus,
would develop into a full human being.

719
00:42:03,200 --> 00:42:05,000
And so that's basically what he did.

720
00:42:05,080 --> 00:42:10,880
He created stem cells that were cloned
from the original human being.

721
00:42:11,920 --> 00:42:16,680
At that time, stem cell science
was going to revolutionize medicine.

722
00:42:16,760 --> 00:42:18,880
It was going to be transformative.

723
00:42:18,960 --> 00:42:21,200
And so, in some ways, for any country,

724
00:42:21,680 --> 00:42:24,000
achieving that level
of breakthrough science

725
00:42:24,080 --> 00:42:25,760
would have been something to strive for.

726
00:42:25,840 --> 00:42:28,880
2002 FIFA WORLD CUP KOREA/JAPAN

727
00:42:42,040 --> 00:42:44,480
At the time, South Korea
was transitioning

728
00:42:44,560 --> 00:42:48,360
from being a developing country
to a developed country.

729
00:42:48,440 --> 00:42:50,640
So naturally, there was a strong pride.

730
00:42:51,680 --> 00:42:54,280
"Now, we're not following others,
that time is done.

731
00:42:54,360 --> 00:42:56,640
Instead, we're the ones leading
with something new.

732
00:42:56,720 --> 00:42:58,520
We're among the world's best.

733
00:42:58,600 --> 00:43:00,960
It's time that we have
the best technology,

734
00:43:01,040 --> 00:43:02,600
the best science, and so on."

735
00:43:03,280 --> 00:43:06,120
This mindset was very strong
during that period.

736
00:43:08,040 --> 00:43:09,880
The World Stem Cell Hub,

737
00:43:09,960 --> 00:43:12,080
which will reposition Korea into the mecca

738
00:43:12,160 --> 00:43:15,560
for life science research worldwide,
opened its doors today.

739
00:43:15,640 --> 00:43:19,080
We now have hope
that human being sufferings

740
00:43:19,160 --> 00:43:22,080
might someday be alleviated
by the breakthroughs

741
00:43:22,160 --> 00:43:26,560
enabled by patient-specific
embryonic stem cells.

742
00:43:27,160 --> 00:43:29,200
In the past, I was not a big help.

743
00:43:29,280 --> 00:43:31,720
But now, I am helping out a little bit.

744
00:43:31,800 --> 00:43:35,040
From this moment onwards,
I will provide full support.

745
00:43:37,440 --> 00:43:40,400
Basically, the world was divided
into two camps at that point.

746
00:43:40,480 --> 00:43:44,560
There was a group that supported
embryonic stem cell research,

747
00:43:44,640 --> 00:43:48,600
and there was a group that said
embryos are humans

748
00:43:48,680 --> 00:43:51,920
and they shouldn't be torn apart
to use their cells

749
00:43:52,000 --> 00:43:53,880
for embryonic stem cell research.

750
00:43:54,560 --> 00:43:56,600
Tonight, I ask you to pass legislation

751
00:43:56,680 --> 00:43:59,880
to prohibit the most egregious abuses
of medical research.

752
00:44:00,400 --> 00:44:02,800
Human cloning in all its forms,

753
00:44:02,880 --> 00:44:06,240
creating or implanting embryos
for experiments,

754
00:44:06,320 --> 00:44:09,000
creating human-animal hybrids,

755
00:44:09,080 --> 00:44:11,880
and buying, selling,
or patenting human embryos.

756
00:44:11,960 --> 00:44:13,600
As early as next month,

757
00:44:13,680 --> 00:44:16,960
the hub will be registering patients
with incurable diseases.

758
00:44:17,840 --> 00:44:21,000
I've dreamed that I can get up
and throw away the wheelchair.

759
00:44:22,360 --> 00:44:24,000
Maybe get some walkers.

760
00:44:25,200 --> 00:44:26,280
At that time,

761
00:44:26,920 --> 00:44:29,200
most of the public was still unfamiliar

762
00:44:29,280 --> 00:44:31,560
with the concept of stem cells.

763
00:44:31,640 --> 00:44:35,560
When the notion of stem cells was
finally introduced to the public,

764
00:44:35,640 --> 00:44:39,040
it was presented as a medical advance
that could do anything

765
00:44:39,120 --> 00:44:41,280
and cure all diseases.

766
00:44:43,800 --> 00:44:47,080
So almost all patients,
almost all people with disabilities,

767
00:44:47,840 --> 00:44:50,920
they began having big dreams
and came to depend on them.

768
00:44:57,080 --> 00:44:59,480
Hallelujah,
my beloved disciples of Christ.

769
00:44:59,560 --> 00:45:00,920
Have you been well this week?

770
00:45:02,720 --> 00:45:03,960
"Who am I?

771
00:45:04,040 --> 00:45:05,560
And where did I come from?"

772
00:45:05,640 --> 00:45:07,160
Throughout history,

773
00:45:07,800 --> 00:45:11,120
all humans have looked for answers
to these difficult questions.

774
00:45:12,400 --> 00:45:14,680
And through the 19th and 20th centuries,

775
00:45:16,000 --> 00:45:18,600
humans found those answers in science.

776
00:45:20,360 --> 00:45:21,520
Therefore,

777
00:45:22,880 --> 00:45:25,840
humans have effectively replaced God
with science.

778
00:45:27,760 --> 00:45:30,000
Could it be true?

779
00:45:31,720 --> 00:45:35,080
My child was involved
in a car accident in 2002.

780
00:45:37,480 --> 00:45:39,120
He woke up after 24 days

781
00:45:41,760 --> 00:45:43,080
from a coma state.

782
00:45:43,880 --> 00:45:44,880
And after that,

783
00:45:47,080 --> 00:45:49,520
his lower body from the chest down was…

784
00:45:50,400 --> 00:45:51,800
completely paralyzed.

785
00:45:54,080 --> 00:45:55,440
In that time period,

786
00:45:56,280 --> 00:45:59,520
I think Dr. Hwang had requested help
from the Gil Medical Center.

787
00:46:00,920 --> 00:46:02,360
He was looking for a patient.

788
00:46:04,280 --> 00:46:06,480
A patient that would volunteer and

789
00:46:06,560 --> 00:46:08,440
participate in the stem cell research

790
00:46:09,000 --> 00:46:10,120
that he was conducting.

791
00:46:11,800 --> 00:46:13,680
The doctor at the Gil Medical Center

792
00:46:13,760 --> 00:46:15,720
who was in charge of caring for my son,

793
00:46:16,640 --> 00:46:17,640
Hyeon-yi,

794
00:46:19,120 --> 00:46:21,120
asked if we would be interested

795
00:46:21,200 --> 00:46:23,240
in taking part in this research.

796
00:46:25,440 --> 00:46:29,960
Later, we ended up visiting the laboratory
of Dr. Hwang Woo-suk

797
00:46:30,040 --> 00:46:32,280
upon his generous invitation.

798
00:46:34,840 --> 00:46:39,000
And I realized just how incredible
this technology was

799
00:46:39,080 --> 00:46:40,600
and I started to have some hope.

800
00:46:44,680 --> 00:46:48,200
Kang Won-rae was a member
of a successful two-man dance group.

801
00:46:50,680 --> 00:46:53,680
He was well-known
for his excellent dancing skills,

802
00:46:55,160 --> 00:46:56,680
and in the past,

803
00:46:56,760 --> 00:47:00,720
he had built his career as a backup dancer
for a very famous singer.

804
00:47:02,160 --> 00:47:03,920
They were even called "Clon."

805
00:47:06,920 --> 00:47:07,920
I hope that…

806
00:47:08,600 --> 00:47:10,920
Mr. Kang Won-rae will…

807
00:47:12,000 --> 00:47:15,200
stand again and show us
his sharp dancing skills

808
00:47:15,280 --> 00:47:17,360
we remember from his past.

809
00:47:18,320 --> 00:47:19,680
They staged the whole scene.

810
00:47:20,800 --> 00:47:23,040
I mean, he told a man sitting,
a man in a wheelchair

811
00:47:23,120 --> 00:47:26,280
that he will make him walk again.
That's something Jesus said.

812
00:47:27,400 --> 00:47:29,520
So he told a pastor's son
that he would make him walk.

813
00:47:29,600 --> 00:47:32,440
Who does he think he is, Jesus Christ?
What is this?

814
00:47:38,160 --> 00:47:41,160
You know, there was an American actor
named Christopher Reeve,

815
00:47:41,240 --> 00:47:42,440
who starred as Superman.

816
00:47:42,520 --> 00:47:45,680
He said that he knew about the work
that Dr. Hwang was doing.

817
00:47:47,080 --> 00:47:49,600
Therapeutic cloning, also known

818
00:47:50,960 --> 00:47:53,360
as somatic cell nuclear transfer,

819
00:47:54,720 --> 00:47:56,640
offers real hope.

820
00:47:58,160 --> 00:48:00,720
The post stamp. They released
a commemorative post stamp.

821
00:48:02,200 --> 00:48:04,480
Someone sitting in a wheelchair
and getting up

822
00:48:04,560 --> 00:48:07,920
and starting to walk
is depicted continuously on these stamps.

823
00:48:08,000 --> 00:48:08,880
Wow.

824
00:48:09,800 --> 00:48:10,720
It's crazy.

825
00:48:12,320 --> 00:48:15,680
How can a scientist say things like,
"I can make you walk"?

826
00:48:15,760 --> 00:48:17,320
You can't say that as a scientist.

827
00:48:19,800 --> 00:48:24,440
At the time, the most famous person
in our country was Park Ji-sung.

828
00:48:30,480 --> 00:48:33,800
If I were to compare it to today,
how should I explain this?

829
00:48:33,880 --> 00:48:36,080
If we were to think of it
in cultural terms…

830
00:48:36,160 --> 00:48:38,560
BTS? Or Son Heung-min?

831
00:48:39,960 --> 00:48:41,160
Combine their fame?

832
00:48:41,240 --> 00:48:44,000
That was the public sentiment
towards Professor Hwang Woo-suk.

833
00:48:44,080 --> 00:48:45,880
That was his power.

834
00:48:45,960 --> 00:48:48,000
Seoul National University professor,

835
00:48:48,080 --> 00:48:50,560
Hwang Woo-suk, has been selected
as its top scientist.

836
00:48:50,640 --> 00:48:52,440
At the Palace Hotel Seoul this morning,

837
00:48:52,520 --> 00:48:55,160
the Ministry of Science and Technology
has appointed Hwang Woo-suk

838
00:48:55,240 --> 00:48:57,960
as the chief scientist
with a unanimous vote.

839
00:48:58,040 --> 00:48:59,840
Professor Hwang will receive
three billion won

840
00:48:59,920 --> 00:49:02,480
in research funding
for each of the next five years.

841
00:49:02,560 --> 00:49:04,320
Hwang was getting all of this

842
00:49:04,400 --> 00:49:06,360
scientific and medical
and public interest,

843
00:49:06,440 --> 00:49:09,920
but at the same time,
these cells are coming from human embryos,

844
00:49:10,000 --> 00:49:13,040
and that's obviously
controversial for some

845
00:49:13,120 --> 00:49:17,520
because they regard human embryos
as sacred or deserving of protection.

846
00:49:17,600 --> 00:49:19,440
You know, they're the start of human life.

847
00:49:19,520 --> 00:49:22,600
So there was a lot of debate
about this at the time.

848
00:49:28,800 --> 00:49:31,520
PD NOTE

849
00:49:32,480 --> 00:49:35,040
These people have come to PD Note
with heavy hearts.

850
00:49:35,880 --> 00:49:37,160
They have shared their stories,

851
00:49:37,240 --> 00:49:39,760
requesting that they remain anonymous
for protection.

852
00:49:40,640 --> 00:49:43,160
I worked at PD Note around 2005.

853
00:49:44,440 --> 00:49:47,040
It's an investigative program
that most Koreans know

854
00:49:47,120 --> 00:49:50,400
and among all the investigative programs,
it was ranked number one.

855
00:49:52,680 --> 00:49:55,520
When I first received the tip,
the first thing I thought was,

856
00:49:56,480 --> 00:49:57,960
"Ah, this could be…"

857
00:49:58,040 --> 00:50:01,360
Because this was about Dr. Hwang,
a university professor,

858
00:50:01,440 --> 00:50:04,160
I thought it would be about
sexual harassment.

859
00:50:07,400 --> 00:50:09,560
The informant used the expression,

860
00:50:09,640 --> 00:50:12,800
"Riding on the back of a tiger
that I can no longer get off of."

861
00:50:13,520 --> 00:50:16,200
So he made up his mind to tip PD Note.

862
00:50:19,800 --> 00:50:22,880
"I was on
Dr. Hwang Woo-suk's research team, and…

863
00:50:24,200 --> 00:50:25,560
and I have information…

864
00:50:27,400 --> 00:50:30,120
to share with you regarding
an important issue.

865
00:50:30,200 --> 00:50:32,040
I'd like to meet to talk about it."

866
00:50:37,040 --> 00:50:39,160
As a producer, as a PD,

867
00:50:39,680 --> 00:50:41,520
as someone who makes documentaries,

868
00:50:42,440 --> 00:50:45,000
no matter how uncomfortable the truth is,

869
00:50:45,080 --> 00:50:47,320
it is the journalist's duty to reveal it.

870
00:50:47,800 --> 00:50:50,520
So I thought I would go
and listen to the informant

871
00:50:50,600 --> 00:50:53,320
and find out
what this personal information was,

872
00:50:53,400 --> 00:50:55,120
and if it was serious enough.

873
00:51:01,320 --> 00:51:03,280
But the person who showed up

874
00:51:03,360 --> 00:51:06,160
was Han Hak-soo,
whom I hadn't known before.

875
00:51:06,800 --> 00:51:09,080
At the time, I had my guard up.

876
00:51:09,160 --> 00:51:10,600
So when he first arrived,

877
00:51:10,680 --> 00:51:14,600
I immediately began to gauge
whether I could trust this person or not.

878
00:51:16,560 --> 00:51:19,560
When I got there, Mr. Ryu Young-joon, um,

879
00:51:20,120 --> 00:51:23,880
took me to a quiet room
and before he said anything to me,

880
00:51:24,560 --> 00:51:26,880
the very first question
he asked me was this.

881
00:51:28,560 --> 00:51:30,920
"Producer Han,
what's more important to you?

882
00:51:31,000 --> 00:51:32,760
The truth or national interest?"

883
00:51:33,400 --> 00:51:35,480
Producer Han Hak-soo replied,

884
00:51:36,720 --> 00:51:38,400
without a second of hesitation,

885
00:51:39,040 --> 00:51:42,000
"Truth itself is the national interest."

886
00:51:42,080 --> 00:51:44,880
That was when I knew,
"Ah, I could trust him."

887
00:51:45,840 --> 00:51:48,680
He made illegal transactions
with regards to the eggs.

888
00:51:48,760 --> 00:51:50,800
Those eggs were illegally traded.

889
00:51:53,000 --> 00:51:56,000
When we were preparing for
our 2004 research paper,

890
00:51:56,080 --> 00:51:58,760
Dr. Hwang and I didn't know
how to procure the eggs.

891
00:51:59,600 --> 00:52:01,720
We had no idea where to get them.

892
00:52:03,000 --> 00:52:05,000
I reached out to all the labs
in the country

893
00:52:05,080 --> 00:52:07,760
that frequently used eggs
as part of their research,

894
00:52:08,480 --> 00:52:11,440
and subsequently visited them myself
to follow up.

895
00:52:12,560 --> 00:52:15,800
I asked them if they could provide us
with eggs for our experiment,

896
00:52:17,120 --> 00:52:18,720
but they all refused.

897
00:52:21,640 --> 00:52:23,520
They said there were no more eggs left.

898
00:52:23,600 --> 00:52:26,560
And that they wouldn't help us
because what we were trying to do

899
00:52:26,640 --> 00:52:29,440
was ethically problematic.
And that was the conclusion.

900
00:52:30,520 --> 00:52:32,360
Dr. Hwang was extremely upset.

901
00:52:35,040 --> 00:52:38,800
From that moment on,
he started visiting hospitals in person

902
00:52:38,880 --> 00:52:40,760
and noted the ones willing to help.

903
00:52:41,320 --> 00:52:43,200
He concluded that it had to be Mizmedi,

904
00:52:43,280 --> 00:52:46,600
a maternity hospital
specializing in infertility treatment.

905
00:52:47,960 --> 00:52:51,760
Whenever the ethical problem of the eggs
used in research came up,

906
00:52:52,360 --> 00:52:56,120
Professor Hwang Woo-suk has emphasized
that he has only used eggs

907
00:52:56,200 --> 00:52:58,000
donated by dignified women.

908
00:52:58,560 --> 00:53:01,440
I have already communicated
to the foreign press and media

909
00:53:02,440 --> 00:53:04,120
just how grateful I am…

910
00:53:05,560 --> 00:53:06,560
to all of these women.

911
00:53:08,080 --> 00:53:11,600
I haven't had the chance
to meet all of them personally,

912
00:53:13,800 --> 00:53:16,240
but it is true
that they have each volunteered

913
00:53:16,320 --> 00:53:18,440
to donate their precious eggs for research

914
00:53:18,520 --> 00:53:21,040
to assist in this scientific experiment.

915
00:53:23,200 --> 00:53:25,640
However, through our
PD Note investigation,

916
00:53:25,720 --> 00:53:27,800
we found that this claim was untrue.

917
00:53:29,440 --> 00:53:31,360
Over the past few months,

918
00:53:31,440 --> 00:53:34,640
we have secured evidence showing
that more than 600 eggs

919
00:53:34,720 --> 00:53:36,120
were provided through trade.

920
00:53:37,120 --> 00:53:38,000
This woman,

921
00:53:38,080 --> 00:53:41,080
who visited an egg brokerage company
she found on the Internet,

922
00:53:41,160 --> 00:53:43,600
seemed to have no idea
that her eggs had been used

923
00:53:43,680 --> 00:53:45,200
in Professor Hwang's research.

924
00:53:47,760 --> 00:53:51,080
A woman, who provided eggs
to Professor Hwang's research twice,

925
00:53:52,240 --> 00:53:54,960
also admitted to selling her eggs
through brokers.

926
00:53:55,040 --> 00:53:56,800
RECENT APPOINTMENTS
MATERNITY CLINIC

927
00:53:57,840 --> 00:54:01,720
They recruited these young women
to provide their eggs for up to, um,

928
00:54:02,800 --> 00:54:06,880
three million won
or two million five hundred thousand won.

929
00:54:08,120 --> 00:54:10,080
Are there any ethical issues

930
00:54:10,160 --> 00:54:12,160
when it comes
to the eggs used in the experiment?

931
00:54:12,800 --> 00:54:13,720
Well…

932
00:54:14,680 --> 00:54:16,040
Were the eggs bought?

933
00:54:16,120 --> 00:54:17,680
We don't have any such cases.

934
00:54:18,280 --> 00:54:19,680
Thank you, Professor Hwang,
have a good day.

935
00:54:19,760 --> 00:54:20,640
Thank you.

936
00:54:23,080 --> 00:54:26,600
The number of eggs they illegally procured
by recruiting these women

937
00:54:26,680 --> 00:54:28,960
is really beyond our imagination.

938
00:54:30,520 --> 00:54:32,640
So when I first started reporting on the…

939
00:54:33,160 --> 00:54:35,680
glaring ethical issues regarding

940
00:54:35,760 --> 00:54:38,080
Dr. Hwang's eggs and how he obtained them?

941
00:54:38,960 --> 00:54:40,760
The whole country turned upside down.

942
00:54:42,160 --> 00:54:44,280
Save Professor Hwang Woo-suk…

943
00:54:45,560 --> 00:54:46,640
After that,

944
00:54:46,720 --> 00:54:51,200
supporters of Hwang Woo-suk surrounded
our MBC building 24/7.

945
00:54:52,520 --> 00:54:54,160
At night, they held candles.

946
00:54:54,800 --> 00:54:56,200
They had candlelight vigils.

947
00:54:57,320 --> 00:54:59,360
"Please don't broadcast PD Note."

948
00:55:00,160 --> 00:55:03,920
"Please stop the reports
on Dr. Hwang Woo-suk on PD Note."

949
00:55:05,800 --> 00:55:08,360
At the rally,
people with disabilities came,

950
00:55:08,440 --> 00:55:09,760
famous people came,

951
00:55:09,840 --> 00:55:13,280
as well as regular civilians
who supported Hwang Woo-suk.

952
00:55:13,360 --> 00:55:15,760
PEOPLE IN SUPPORT OF HWANG WOO-SUK
JANUARY 11TH, GWANGHWAMUN, SEOUL

953
00:55:16,320 --> 00:55:18,200
At that time,
we'd go to Seoul every week.

954
00:55:18,280 --> 00:55:20,120
My daughter was young,
she was six years old.

955
00:55:20,720 --> 00:55:22,760
We'd go there,
and she'd be fine during the day.

956
00:55:22,840 --> 00:55:25,040
But she'd get sleepy at night,
and she would whine.

957
00:55:25,120 --> 00:55:26,720
So then we'd have to get back to the car.

958
00:55:27,280 --> 00:55:28,880
I would carry her on my back.

959
00:55:28,960 --> 00:55:32,200
Then the police would escort me
all the way back to the car.

960
00:55:33,120 --> 00:55:34,680
They would ask me where I was from,

961
00:55:34,760 --> 00:55:36,320
and I said I was from Cheongju.

962
00:55:36,400 --> 00:55:37,840
Then they would cheer me on,

963
00:55:37,920 --> 00:55:40,680
saying I was doing
something impressive, secretly.

964
00:55:41,240 --> 00:55:42,800
That's what the police said.

965
00:55:42,880 --> 00:55:44,760
The citizens are watching!

966
00:55:44,840 --> 00:55:46,320
The citizens are watching!

967
00:55:46,960 --> 00:55:48,480
Give him another chance!

968
00:55:48,560 --> 00:55:50,080
Give him another chance!

969
00:55:50,160 --> 00:55:52,640
My fellow Koreans, whom I respect,

970
00:55:53,400 --> 00:55:55,320
the research we are conducting

971
00:55:56,520 --> 00:56:00,440
is the world's first
at every level and step.

972
00:56:02,600 --> 00:56:03,680
To repay…

973
00:56:05,400 --> 00:56:07,960
the warm support
that the citizens have shown,

974
00:56:09,000 --> 00:56:11,480
and for the hopes
of patients around the world

975
00:56:11,560 --> 00:56:13,920
suffering from incurable diseases,

976
00:56:15,040 --> 00:56:17,960
I will continue on my path
with only the purest…

977
00:56:18,560 --> 00:56:20,320
of scientific interests.

978
00:56:21,200 --> 00:56:23,440
Dr. Hwang really understood

979
00:56:23,520 --> 00:56:25,400
the mood of society at that time,

980
00:56:27,160 --> 00:56:29,480
as well as the national patriotism.

981
00:56:30,120 --> 00:56:33,720
That's why, two days
after we aired the report on the eggs,

982
00:56:35,440 --> 00:56:38,880
he invited so many, so many journalists

983
00:56:38,960 --> 00:56:42,800
and he hosted a live press conference.

984
00:56:44,200 --> 00:56:46,800
If I were a woman,

985
00:56:48,080 --> 00:56:49,800
it's true that I would have

986
00:56:50,760 --> 00:56:54,960
wanted to extract my own eggs
to conduct my scientific experiments.

987
00:56:56,640 --> 00:57:01,640
This case shows how Korean society
hastily acts to put out results first

988
00:57:01,720 --> 00:57:04,160
and pushes all other things
to the periphery.

989
00:57:06,160 --> 00:57:08,560
And how the truth can
so easily be overlooked

990
00:57:08,640 --> 00:57:10,720
for the sake of the country as a whole,

991
00:57:11,320 --> 00:57:15,120
all wrapped up in such a dogma,
in such fascist beliefs.

992
00:57:16,720 --> 00:57:19,560
"Why are you undermining
a promising scientist?

993
00:57:19,640 --> 00:57:22,040
You should keep your mouth shut
for the sake of the country.

994
00:57:22,120 --> 00:57:24,800
They're developing technology
for the advancement of our country

995
00:57:24,880 --> 00:57:27,160
and instead of helping,
you're complaining."

996
00:57:40,640 --> 00:57:41,880
DR. HWANG IS KOREA'S HOPE AND FUTURE

997
00:57:45,240 --> 00:57:47,920
Those women were volunteering
their eggs and I…

998
00:57:48,840 --> 00:57:50,400
I was completely shocked.

999
00:57:50,920 --> 00:57:53,560
It was the first time I felt
that our nation had gone mad.

1000
00:57:54,880 --> 00:57:56,840
Because usually, it goes like this.

1001
00:57:56,920 --> 00:57:58,720
Lots of eggs are needed for experiments,

1002
00:57:58,800 --> 00:58:00,880
and those eggs were extracted
from young women.

1003
00:58:00,960 --> 00:58:04,080
I heard that it's an excruciating process
to extract eggs.

1004
00:58:04,920 --> 00:58:08,400
I felt for the first time
that we were like Germany in the 1930s.

1005
00:58:09,600 --> 00:58:12,600
The number of voluntary egg donors
for Dr. Hwang's research

1006
00:58:12,680 --> 00:58:14,200
has now reached 1,000.

1007
00:58:15,440 --> 00:58:18,600
The protesters said that if there were
so many issues with the eggs,

1008
00:58:18,680 --> 00:58:22,200
then they would voluntarily donate
their own eggs for research.

1009
00:58:23,000 --> 00:58:28,040
So the fan club would actually hold events
for voluntary egg donor patients.

1010
00:58:29,840 --> 00:58:32,320
Many women,
along with relatives of people

1011
00:58:32,400 --> 00:58:34,600
with incurable diseases and disabilities

1012
00:58:35,560 --> 00:58:39,360
have gathered today to create
a foundation for the donation of eggs.

1013
00:58:40,320 --> 00:58:44,440
If women understand the purpose
and use of their egg donation,

1014
00:58:44,520 --> 00:58:46,080
for research and treatment,

1015
00:58:46,640 --> 00:58:49,960
they will participate with their own will
and judgment.

1016
00:58:52,000 --> 00:58:53,280
We are all human beings

1017
00:58:53,840 --> 00:58:57,600
and we feel that sharing the pain
with others who are less fortunate

1018
00:58:57,680 --> 00:58:59,200
is the best path.

1019
00:58:59,280 --> 00:59:00,920
It wasn't easy.

1020
00:59:01,000 --> 00:59:02,320
It wasn't, but I…

1021
00:59:03,840 --> 00:59:07,920
I mean, it was for research
and it couldn't be done without eggs.

1022
00:59:08,000 --> 00:59:09,600
So, I gladly…

1023
00:59:09,680 --> 00:59:11,520
I, I took it out from my body.

1024
00:59:11,600 --> 00:59:13,280
I saw it as a seed of life.

1025
00:59:14,280 --> 00:59:16,920
I wanted to donate it, with pleasure.

1026
00:59:17,640 --> 00:59:20,560
I didn't do it for the individual,
Dr. Hwang,

1027
00:59:21,200 --> 00:59:25,080
but rather for humankind
and for a greater purpose.

1028
00:59:25,160 --> 00:59:26,360
That was my thinking.

1029
00:59:26,440 --> 00:59:29,360
Doctor, come to Daegu!

1030
00:59:30,000 --> 00:59:32,520
Please stay well,
Dr. Hwang! Please stay well!

1031
00:59:33,120 --> 00:59:35,600
Please stay strong! We will support you!

1032
00:59:36,520 --> 00:59:39,040
But the reporters
and Professor Hwang's supporters

1033
00:59:39,120 --> 00:59:40,680
were camping outside my place.

1034
00:59:41,640 --> 00:59:43,800
It would've been a disaster
if I went there.

1035
00:59:44,880 --> 00:59:46,400
I would've been beaten to death.

1036
00:59:48,520 --> 00:59:50,880
I've received
too many death threats to count.

1037
00:59:51,840 --> 00:59:54,960
"I'm going to kill you," things like that.

1038
00:59:55,040 --> 00:59:56,760
They made a lot of threats.

1039
00:59:58,120 --> 01:00:01,480
I lived on the 13th floor
of a 15-story building.

1040
01:00:02,400 --> 01:00:05,240
And two reporters
from a broadcasting company

1041
01:00:05,320 --> 01:00:09,160
rappelled off the rooftop
and came into my place through the window.

1042
01:00:11,760 --> 01:00:13,280
They took videos of my place,

1043
01:00:13,360 --> 01:00:16,120
and it was broadcasted
on the evening news.

1044
01:00:17,840 --> 01:00:19,880
Usually, people criticized me.

1045
01:00:19,960 --> 01:00:22,360
"How could you betray
a father-like figure?"

1046
01:00:23,600 --> 01:00:24,480
In South Korea,

1047
01:00:24,560 --> 01:00:28,040
officiating somebody's wedding has
great importance.

1048
01:00:28,120 --> 01:00:29,120
It means…

1049
01:00:30,880 --> 01:00:32,920
that you will be present for the couple

1050
01:00:33,440 --> 01:00:35,520
throughout the rest of their lives.

1051
01:00:37,320 --> 01:00:40,280
He asked me to be their officiant,
and I willingly did.

1052
01:00:41,720 --> 01:00:43,840
And one day, he called me and said,

1053
01:00:43,920 --> 01:00:45,760
"Our first child is born.

1054
01:00:47,080 --> 01:00:49,640
Would you be the godfather
of our first child?"

1055
01:00:49,720 --> 01:00:52,120
So I paid a visit to them in the hospital

1056
01:00:52,720 --> 01:00:56,000
to meet their baby,
and I became the godfather.

1057
01:00:56,080 --> 01:00:58,320
The godfather to the newborn child.

1058
01:00:59,440 --> 01:01:01,600
It was only later that I found out

1059
01:01:01,680 --> 01:01:04,080
that throughout this time period,

1060
01:01:04,160 --> 01:01:07,600
he had been constantly exchanging
emails about me

1061
01:01:07,680 --> 01:01:10,080
with MBC's producer, Han Hak-soo.

1062
01:01:11,520 --> 01:01:14,080
It's not right for people to say
I betrayed my mentor

1063
01:01:14,160 --> 01:01:17,920
by exposing his lies,
especially given that we're not family.

1064
01:01:18,000 --> 01:01:19,920
That is not my definition of betrayal.

1065
01:01:21,040 --> 01:01:22,400
The word "betrayal"…

1066
01:01:23,480 --> 01:01:25,400
as understood among scientists,

1067
01:01:26,240 --> 01:01:28,640
applies only when we betray the truth.

1068
01:01:28,720 --> 01:01:33,440
I think there is an image of scientists
as kind of pure, truth seekers.

1069
01:01:33,520 --> 01:01:35,800
And for a lot of scientists,
I think that's true.

1070
01:01:35,880 --> 01:01:37,840
It fits. Like,
that's why they went into it.

1071
01:01:37,920 --> 01:01:39,560
Maybe they're smart people.

1072
01:01:39,640 --> 01:01:41,920
They probably could've made money…
more money doing something else.

1073
01:01:42,000 --> 01:01:44,760
But a lot of them
are curious and interested,

1074
01:01:44,840 --> 01:01:47,200
and they just want to follow
that curiosity.

1075
01:01:47,280 --> 01:01:50,080
But there's also your career
to worry about,

1076
01:01:50,160 --> 01:01:54,400
and scientists, like anybody else,
they have to produce results.

1077
01:01:55,440 --> 01:01:57,320
All scientists face pressure.

1078
01:01:57,400 --> 01:02:01,880
There's a huge amount of hope and hype
around lots of areas of science,

1079
01:02:01,960 --> 01:02:05,520
and not every scientist
in Hwang's position

1080
01:02:05,600 --> 01:02:07,200
would have done what he did.

1081
01:02:07,280 --> 01:02:09,480
According to the research paper

1082
01:02:09,560 --> 01:02:11,200
published in the Science journal,

1083
01:02:11,280 --> 01:02:14,680
all 11 stem cells have been
successfully cultured by the team.

1084
01:02:15,480 --> 01:02:17,040
However, doubts have been raised

1085
01:02:17,120 --> 01:02:20,200
within the research team
that the cells may have been damaged

1086
01:02:20,280 --> 01:02:23,040
or were not even stem cells to begin with.

1087
01:02:24,760 --> 01:02:26,800
A scientist called Anonymous…

1088
01:02:28,000 --> 01:02:30,160
Well, he's not a scientist anymore.

1089
01:02:31,000 --> 01:02:32,480
He's a potato farmer now.

1090
01:02:34,640 --> 01:02:36,520
He's someone who loves science.

1091
01:02:36,600 --> 01:02:39,400
So at the time, he read Dr. Hwang's paper.

1092
01:02:40,200 --> 01:02:43,840
When he read it the second time,
he came to the realization

1093
01:02:43,920 --> 01:02:46,800
that the picture Dr. Hwang claimed
to be a stem cell

1094
01:02:46,880 --> 01:02:49,280
was, in fact, manipulated.

1095
01:02:52,360 --> 01:02:53,760
The additional cell lines,

1096
01:02:53,840 --> 01:02:57,920
which Professor Hwang and his team
have claimed to have established,

1097
01:02:58,000 --> 01:03:00,040
will undergo DNA analysis to confirm

1098
01:03:00,120 --> 01:03:04,120
if they are patient-specific somatic cell
cloned stem cells.

1099
01:03:06,400 --> 01:03:09,040
That paper, it had implications

1100
01:03:09,120 --> 01:03:11,840
for the science
of every advanced country on Earth,

1101
01:03:11,920 --> 01:03:15,760
for the careers
of hundreds of thousands of scientists,

1102
01:03:15,840 --> 01:03:18,360
of graduate students, and postdocs,

1103
01:03:18,440 --> 01:03:21,400
all of whom would have used that paper

1104
01:03:21,480 --> 01:03:23,800
as the basis of their own work,
and then fail.

1105
01:03:23,880 --> 01:03:25,640
23 SAMPLES ANALYZED
AT 3 RESEARCH INSTITUTES

1106
01:03:25,720 --> 01:03:27,600
The Seoul National University

1107
01:03:27,680 --> 01:03:28,720
investigation committee,

1108
01:03:28,800 --> 01:03:31,800
who is reevaluating
the professor's stem cell research,

1109
01:03:31,880 --> 01:03:33,960
will be making an announcement shortly.

1110
01:03:37,040 --> 01:03:40,000
I was the leader of
the human research team back then,

1111
01:03:40,080 --> 01:03:42,440
so I had access to all of the raw data.

1112
01:03:42,920 --> 01:03:44,480
I was also in charge of drafting

1113
01:03:44,560 --> 01:03:47,240
our submission
to Science academic journal.

1114
01:03:47,320 --> 01:03:51,040
When I finished it, I passed it along
to Dr. Hwang for final approval.

1115
01:03:53,200 --> 01:03:56,720
He changed the raw data figures
as he saw fit, right in front of me,

1116
01:03:57,440 --> 01:03:59,800
as if he was exercising his authority.

1117
01:04:00,840 --> 01:04:03,160
He changed the numbers, just like that.

1118
01:04:05,080 --> 01:04:06,800
He lowered the failure rate

1119
01:04:06,880 --> 01:04:09,480
and increased the success rate
with his red pen.

1120
01:04:09,560 --> 01:04:11,560
Once he had the figures he wanted,

1121
01:04:11,640 --> 01:04:14,640
he instructed me to go back
and make the formal changes

1122
01:04:14,720 --> 01:04:16,560
according to his made-up numbers.

1123
01:04:22,200 --> 01:04:24,520
The 2005 research paper reported

1124
01:04:24,600 --> 01:04:27,320
that 11 patient-specific stem cell lines

1125
01:04:27,400 --> 01:04:30,000
were created from somatic cell cloning.

1126
01:04:30,080 --> 01:04:34,880
However, the truth is that
the data of these 11 stem cells

1127
01:04:34,960 --> 01:04:37,760
was fabricated from only two stem cells.

1128
01:04:38,840 --> 01:04:40,600
First of all,
we have news

1129
01:04:40,680 --> 01:04:42,320
that is both shocking and devastating.

1130
01:04:42,400 --> 01:04:43,880
There was a testimony that

1131
01:04:43,960 --> 01:04:46,640
out of 11 of Professor Hwang Woo-suk's
embryonic stem cells,

1132
01:04:46,720 --> 01:04:48,600
at least nine of them are fake.

1133
01:04:49,240 --> 01:04:50,520
Please give us a comment.

1134
01:04:51,480 --> 01:04:54,480
-Please give us just one comment.
-Just one word, please.

1135
01:04:54,560 --> 01:04:57,360
Good evening.
We kept hoping it wouldn't be the case,

1136
01:04:57,440 --> 01:04:59,920
but the first findings
from the SNU Internal Review Board

1137
01:05:00,000 --> 01:05:01,520
regarding Professor Hwang Woo-suk

1138
01:05:01,600 --> 01:05:04,520
has left the whole nation
feeling devastated.

1139
01:05:05,640 --> 01:05:07,080
Back then,

1140
01:05:07,160 --> 01:05:08,720
I thought that whatever happened,

1141
01:05:09,280 --> 01:05:11,440
Dr. Hwang's stem cell research

1142
01:05:12,240 --> 01:05:14,640
was going to yield
some definitive results.

1143
01:05:16,160 --> 01:05:19,120
I'm not entirely sure
what went wrong in the process…

1144
01:05:22,600 --> 01:05:25,920
But if it is true that he never worked
on creating my son's stem cells

1145
01:05:26,000 --> 01:05:27,600
at all from the very beginning…

1146
01:05:29,520 --> 01:05:31,920
If he never did the research
from the beginning,

1147
01:05:34,080 --> 01:05:35,680
then he is a terrible person.

1148
01:05:37,320 --> 01:05:40,240
Science is based on a trust system.

1149
01:05:41,160 --> 01:05:44,000
And when that trust system breaks down,

1150
01:05:44,080 --> 01:05:47,520
it must be severely punished,

1151
01:05:47,600 --> 01:05:51,760
because if it's not,
all of science collapses.

1152
01:05:52,360 --> 01:05:56,040
The moment of downfall
for a giant of modern science.

1153
01:05:56,120 --> 01:05:58,680
For his staff, it was a day of mourning.

1154
01:06:04,160 --> 01:06:08,080
We have just charged Dr. Hwang Woo-suk
without detainment

1155
01:06:09,040 --> 01:06:14,520
for fraud, embezzlement, and for violating
the safety of bioethics law.

1156
01:06:19,320 --> 01:06:21,680
This office has turned
into a wailing venue.

1157
01:06:23,000 --> 01:06:26,280
The police mobilized three units
to block access to the building

1158
01:06:26,360 --> 01:06:30,200
in case Dr. Hwang's supporters,
dissatisfied with the announcement,

1159
01:06:30,280 --> 01:06:31,720
show extreme behavior.

1160
01:06:33,280 --> 01:06:35,880
Then later,
the PD Note episode finally aired.

1161
01:06:37,160 --> 01:06:39,960
I watched PD Note together
with my son and my wife.

1162
01:06:41,720 --> 01:06:43,120
After the show,

1163
01:06:43,200 --> 01:06:45,280
my son turned to his left,

1164
01:06:45,360 --> 01:06:47,240
looking directly into my eyes,

1165
01:06:47,760 --> 01:06:49,000
and then he asked me,

1166
01:06:49,880 --> 01:06:53,320
"Daddy, does that mean
I'll never be able to walk again?"

1167
01:06:54,080 --> 01:06:55,000
And I said…

1168
01:07:03,640 --> 01:07:04,880
"God will…

1169
01:07:06,000 --> 01:07:07,600
definitely help you

1170
01:07:09,600 --> 01:07:10,760
achieve it.

1171
01:07:12,080 --> 01:07:13,200
It's just…

1172
01:07:14,080 --> 01:07:17,440
we must believe in God,
not ordinary people.

1173
01:07:19,400 --> 01:07:22,880
So there is no need to despair
because of this."

1174
01:07:27,800 --> 01:07:29,200
Then my son said this.

1175
01:07:31,240 --> 01:07:32,360
"I know, Dad.

1176
01:07:35,040 --> 01:07:36,200
I feel the same."

1177
01:07:42,280 --> 01:07:43,440
And then he cried.

1178
01:07:47,640 --> 01:07:49,800
After the PD Note episode,

1179
01:07:51,960 --> 01:07:53,480
regarding Dr. Hwang,

1180
01:07:56,120 --> 01:07:57,440
not long after…

1181
01:07:59,520 --> 01:08:00,640
…my child, uh…

1182
01:08:04,680 --> 01:08:05,960
passed away.

1183
01:08:15,240 --> 01:08:17,640
These guys lied, and they, you know,
they do, they have to go to jail.

1184
01:08:17,720 --> 01:08:19,520
But of course, that's not what happens.

1185
01:08:19,600 --> 01:08:22,400
I mean, scientific fraud is not a crime.

1186
01:08:22,480 --> 01:08:25,360
There's no real way
to put someone in jail for that.

1187
01:08:25,440 --> 01:08:27,080
You can go on with your career.

1188
01:08:30,120 --> 01:08:34,320
Dr. Hwang did get in trouble
for embezzling grant money that he had.

1189
01:08:34,400 --> 01:08:36,320
But for scientific fraud?

1190
01:08:36,400 --> 01:08:39,720
There's no real, uh, way
to put someone in jail for that.

1191
01:08:43,360 --> 01:08:45,160
I ask for forgiveness.

1192
01:08:47,160 --> 01:08:48,680
I am feeling so ashamed

1193
01:08:49,440 --> 01:08:52,120
to the point where it is hard
to even apologize.

1194
01:08:54,360 --> 01:08:56,320
Thinking back
on the amount of love,

1195
01:08:57,120 --> 01:08:58,120
all the support,

1196
01:08:59,640 --> 01:09:01,320
and expectations you had for me,

1197
01:09:02,320 --> 01:09:03,800
I have no right to be here.

1198
01:09:05,000 --> 01:09:06,320
I admit to everything,

1199
01:09:07,160 --> 01:09:09,680
and once again, I give my apologies.

1200
01:09:13,720 --> 01:09:15,000
Looking back at all of this,

1201
01:09:15,560 --> 01:09:17,720
the incident taught me a hard lesson

1202
01:09:17,800 --> 01:09:20,240
and became a milestone not only for me,

1203
01:09:20,320 --> 01:09:23,360
but for
the entire Korean scientific society,

1204
01:09:24,080 --> 01:09:27,640
and moreover,
for the world's scientific circles.

1205
01:09:27,720 --> 01:09:29,600
It would be cowardly of me to use pressure

1206
01:09:29,680 --> 01:09:32,160
as an excuse to justify my actions.

1207
01:09:34,800 --> 01:09:37,240
No one
in the world could have pressured me.

1208
01:09:39,800 --> 01:09:41,960
No one could make me do
something like this.

1209
01:09:44,120 --> 01:09:47,240
That is just… a cowardly excuse.

1210
01:09:49,080 --> 01:09:51,640
This happened
because of my excessive greed.

1211
01:09:53,040 --> 01:09:54,280
There's no one…

1212
01:09:55,160 --> 01:09:57,360
no one else that can be blamed but me.

1213
01:10:00,800 --> 01:10:03,280
However, if I were to be born again,

1214
01:10:03,360 --> 01:10:06,520
if I were to get the chance
to choose the path of my life again,

1215
01:10:07,600 --> 01:10:09,960
I would choose
to take the exact same path.

1216
01:10:10,040 --> 01:10:11,560
I have very few regrets.

1217
01:10:12,360 --> 01:10:14,880
I stand behind
my contributions to science.

1218
01:10:18,520 --> 01:10:21,600
I think there are real structural problems

1219
01:10:21,680 --> 01:10:23,880
in how we have set science up.

1220
01:10:24,800 --> 01:10:28,560
And I think we often,

1221
01:10:28,640 --> 01:10:31,520
in the guise of trying to do
the best science,

1222
01:10:31,600 --> 01:10:33,400
encourage misbehavior.

1223
01:10:33,920 --> 01:10:38,320
I think it's profoundly important
that scientists think about ethics,

1224
01:10:38,400 --> 01:10:39,920
and I've spent my career

1225
01:10:40,000 --> 01:10:42,480
trying to teach scientists
how to think about ethics.

1226
01:10:42,560 --> 01:10:44,040
All of us,

1227
01:10:44,120 --> 01:10:48,800
whether we're a scientist,
or a plumber, or a baseball player,

1228
01:10:48,880 --> 01:10:52,440
have to take responsibility
for the ethics of our work

1229
01:10:52,520 --> 01:10:55,920
and the implications
of our work on others.

1230
01:11:11,680 --> 01:11:14,160
Thank you so much
for the invitation.

1231
01:11:14,240 --> 01:11:17,720
You've done so much for the development
of paleontology,

1232
01:11:17,800 --> 01:11:19,280
especially molecular.

1233
01:11:20,440 --> 01:11:24,600
We really appreciate everything
that you have done

1234
01:11:24,680 --> 01:11:25,840
for us,

1235
01:11:25,920 --> 01:11:29,800
and for molecular science
of the entire Russia.

1236
01:11:39,640 --> 01:11:41,360
Back in the summer of 2012,

1237
01:11:42,880 --> 01:11:44,960
I traveled to an excavation site

1238
01:11:45,040 --> 01:11:47,040
found deep in the Kazachye region,

1239
01:11:47,560 --> 01:11:49,920
which is in the northeastern area
of Siberia.

1240
01:11:50,520 --> 01:11:51,760
At this time,

1241
01:11:52,920 --> 01:11:54,560
I felt that I was…

1242
01:11:54,640 --> 01:11:57,400
the most disgraced that I've ever been

1243
01:11:58,600 --> 01:12:00,640
in my entire scientific career.

1244
01:12:02,640 --> 01:12:04,440
After a lot of work,

1245
01:12:04,520 --> 01:12:06,680
I was recommended for this expedition.

1246
01:12:08,440 --> 01:12:12,120
If I didn't produce
any results from this expedition,

1247
01:12:12,640 --> 01:12:15,280
I knew that I would never get
a second chance.

1248
01:12:16,040 --> 01:12:18,080
There was a lot of pressure on me.

1249
01:12:21,520 --> 01:12:25,200
See, all the walls are covered
in ice crystals.

1250
01:12:27,520 --> 01:12:30,880
This is where we found
the elbow bone of the young mammoth.

1251
01:12:33,800 --> 01:12:37,840
This cave is not
a naturally occurring cave.

1252
01:12:37,920 --> 01:12:39,320
It is man-made.

1253
01:12:39,400 --> 01:12:42,720
The mammoth hunters would…
How can I explain it?

1254
01:12:43,360 --> 01:12:46,640
They would spray water towards the rock
in high pressure

1255
01:12:46,720 --> 01:12:48,760
and slowly but surely,

1256
01:12:48,840 --> 01:12:51,920
the cave was formed
into what you're looking at today.

1257
01:12:53,120 --> 01:12:55,000
The hunters were only interested

1258
01:12:55,560 --> 01:12:57,680
in obtaining the mammoth's ivory.

1259
01:12:58,320 --> 01:13:01,320
But we entered the cave
because we wanted the cells.

1260
01:13:01,400 --> 01:13:02,720
Not the ivory.

1261
01:13:06,560 --> 01:13:09,360
We were told that the cave was
potentially dangerous.

1262
01:13:10,120 --> 01:13:11,440
That it could collapse.

1263
01:13:13,200 --> 01:13:14,440
Okay.

1264
01:13:15,600 --> 01:13:17,480
-I did it.
-Sir, we need to go.

1265
01:13:17,560 --> 01:13:19,080
-What? Why?
-We have to leave.

1266
01:13:19,160 --> 01:13:20,720
-Now.
-Why do we have to retract?

1267
01:13:21,720 --> 01:13:22,600
Why?

1268
01:13:22,680 --> 01:13:24,880
We have to retract
because the entrance…

1269
01:13:25,920 --> 01:13:27,600
The entrance is collapsing right now.

1270
01:13:27,680 --> 01:13:28,680
-Oh, really?
-Yes.

1271
01:13:28,760 --> 01:13:29,920
-Okay.
-Do we have to…

1272
01:13:30,000 --> 01:13:31,240
Do we have to go this way?

1273
01:13:31,320 --> 01:13:32,800
Okay, let's go out.

1274
01:13:33,760 --> 01:13:34,880
Let's go. Okay.

1275
01:13:34,960 --> 01:13:36,240
My… My sample.

1276
01:13:36,840 --> 01:13:38,280
My sample, my sample.

1277
01:13:40,440 --> 01:13:41,520
Okay.

1278
01:13:45,800 --> 01:13:47,400
If the cave had collapsed,

1279
01:13:48,000 --> 01:13:50,720
everyone on the inside
would have been stuck.

1280
01:13:50,800 --> 01:13:53,720
There would have been
no possibility of rescue.

1281
01:13:53,800 --> 01:13:55,240
Everyone would've died.

1282
01:13:58,360 --> 01:14:00,360
At that specific time,

1283
01:14:00,440 --> 01:14:02,320
I was ready to give my life.

1284
01:14:02,960 --> 01:14:05,360
To sacrifice everything for my work.

1285
01:14:06,320 --> 01:14:08,760
I was… I was very committed to that.

1286
01:14:09,560 --> 01:14:11,520
I have lived enough for a lifetime.

1287
01:14:13,360 --> 01:14:16,800
If I went there for the purpose
of fulfilling a scientific goal,

1288
01:14:16,880 --> 01:14:19,520
and my life was cut short
due to an accident?

1289
01:14:19,600 --> 01:14:21,600
Then I think it would've been meaningful.

1290
01:14:22,360 --> 01:14:24,240
I am dedicated to this cause

1291
01:14:25,960 --> 01:14:28,720
and I can't see myself
shying away from danger.

1292
01:14:31,520 --> 01:14:34,760
This small room
has enough high-precision equipment

1293
01:14:34,840 --> 01:14:38,400
to complete the first steps
toward the creation of a mammoth clone.

1294
01:14:38,480 --> 01:14:40,200
Overseeing the process was a professor

1295
01:14:40,280 --> 01:14:43,520
at Sooam Korean Biomedical
Technology Foundation, Hwang Woo-suk.

1296
01:14:47,320 --> 01:14:49,120
Among the samples we obtained,

1297
01:14:49,600 --> 01:14:52,360
we found muscle samples
with traces of blood.

1298
01:14:52,920 --> 01:14:54,520
This was the moment where we thought,

1299
01:14:56,760 --> 01:14:59,200
"We might finally be realizing our dream."

1300
01:15:00,240 --> 01:15:02,520
These were some of the pictures
from that time.

1301
01:15:03,560 --> 01:15:08,120
From there, as long as we can find
one single living cell, that's it.

1302
01:15:10,200 --> 01:15:13,520
Confidentially speaking,
we already have the live cells.

1303
01:15:16,400 --> 01:15:19,080
If the mammoth project is successful

1304
01:15:21,040 --> 01:15:23,200
and if the Russian government agrees,

1305
01:15:24,320 --> 01:15:26,920
I want to put a few mammoths
between South Korea

1306
01:15:27,520 --> 01:15:28,800
and North Korea.

1307
01:15:29,560 --> 01:15:32,480
It would be a symbol of
how science and technology

1308
01:15:33,160 --> 01:15:34,800
can bring people together.

1309
01:15:35,680 --> 01:15:38,640
It would be the initiation
of the reunification

1310
01:15:39,440 --> 01:15:40,960
of the two countries.

1311
01:15:42,360 --> 01:15:46,520
Using cloning for species preservation
or conservation,

1312
01:15:47,360 --> 01:15:49,680
or de-extinction, as they call it.

1313
01:15:49,760 --> 01:15:53,600
There are many problems with it.
One is that it's very resource intensive.

1314
01:15:53,680 --> 01:15:55,240
Another is that if you're cloning,

1315
01:15:55,320 --> 01:15:57,760
you're going to have
this kind of, inbreeding.

1316
01:15:57,840 --> 01:16:00,360
By definition, you're going to have
genetically identical animals

1317
01:16:00,440 --> 01:16:05,200
which doesn't help with the kind of
long-term sustainability of that species.

1318
01:16:05,280 --> 01:16:08,120
A creature brought back
through cloning

1319
01:16:08,200 --> 01:16:10,800
isn't really what that creature is.

1320
01:16:10,880 --> 01:16:15,360
That creature existed
in an ecosystem and in a time

1321
01:16:15,440 --> 01:16:18,360
that gave all kinds of familial

1322
01:16:18,440 --> 01:16:22,640
and territorial and coexistence

1323
01:16:22,720 --> 01:16:25,280
with other animals' context to its life.

1324
01:16:25,800 --> 01:16:30,040
And now, you're just bringing it back
outside of that context.

1325
01:16:30,120 --> 01:16:35,200
What is a Tyrannosaurus Rex
outside of the Jurassic period?

1326
01:16:35,280 --> 01:16:37,600
It's just some simulacrum,

1327
01:16:37,680 --> 01:16:42,160
some pretend of a, of a Tyrannosaurus Rex.

1328
01:16:56,120 --> 01:16:58,440
Here we go. Csillo, come! Time to go.

1329
01:16:58,520 --> 01:16:59,520
Let's put your…

1330
01:17:00,040 --> 01:17:01,680
your first body in the Earth.

1331
01:17:01,760 --> 01:17:04,360
Clone my dog is
the best thing, what I did to my life.

1332
01:17:04,440 --> 01:17:05,640
People are writing,

1333
01:17:05,720 --> 01:17:08,720
"Oh, you're playing God"
or "It's not the same dog."

1334
01:17:08,800 --> 01:17:10,800
They're all negative.

1335
01:17:14,720 --> 01:17:16,680
Everybody asks the same question.

1336
01:17:16,760 --> 01:17:18,600
"It is genetically the same,

1337
01:17:18,680 --> 01:17:20,640
but its character must be different."

1338
01:17:20,720 --> 01:17:25,000
And actually, I would always answer
that it's the same dog.

1339
01:17:25,080 --> 01:17:27,640
Because cloning a dog

1340
01:17:27,720 --> 01:17:30,280
and putting it in the same environment,
the same family,

1341
01:17:30,360 --> 01:17:32,960
with the same kids around,

1342
01:17:33,040 --> 01:17:36,440
he will be behaving exactly the same
as the first one.

1343
01:17:38,800 --> 01:17:42,240
I don't see I cloned him.
He is Csillo, he came back.

1344
01:17:42,320 --> 01:17:45,040
He actually survived death.

1345
01:17:47,320 --> 01:17:51,280
This cloning process is very powerful
and can help a lot of people.

1346
01:17:51,360 --> 01:17:54,840
Cloning is really only reincarnation.

1347
01:17:54,920 --> 01:17:58,040
Reproduces the body which is gone.

1348
01:17:58,560 --> 01:18:00,800
Yes, I think it is very, very useful
to do this.

1349
01:18:02,240 --> 01:18:04,720
Here lays your first body.

1350
01:18:06,080 --> 01:18:07,000
And…

1351
01:18:08,840 --> 01:18:10,280
you'll take over his role.

1352
01:18:10,840 --> 01:18:14,640
It's very strange for me
because Csillo is now big.

1353
01:18:15,200 --> 01:18:17,200
I feel he's really
replacing him completely,

1354
01:18:17,280 --> 01:18:20,400
so actually, for me, it's like saying,

1355
01:18:22,440 --> 01:18:24,920
"You, you take now over, his role."

1356
01:18:25,640 --> 01:18:30,360
And we finally found a place
where he can rest in peace.

1357
01:18:32,640 --> 01:18:34,120
In a world first,

1358
01:18:34,200 --> 01:18:36,880
Chinese researchers
have cloned two healthy monkeys

1359
01:18:36,960 --> 01:18:40,960
by using the same technique that
produced Dolly the sheep two decades ago.

1360
01:18:41,040 --> 01:18:46,200
The barrier of cloning primate species
is now overcome.

1361
01:18:47,160 --> 01:18:51,200
In principle, any primate,
including humans, can be cloned.

1362
01:18:55,400 --> 01:18:57,880
Let's face it,
technology's controversial all the time.

1363
01:18:57,960 --> 01:19:00,120
I'm sure the motorcar was controversial.

1364
01:19:00,200 --> 01:19:02,960
They were upset
it was scaring horses, you know.

1365
01:19:03,040 --> 01:19:07,440
I think everything… everything we do
is controversial at some stage.

1366
01:19:09,840 --> 01:19:12,280
I lost two daughters
when they were very young.

1367
01:19:12,800 --> 01:19:14,720
And the first one, Anya…

1368
01:19:15,360 --> 01:19:18,720
Basically though, I mean,
I'll never forget how it affected me.

1369
01:19:18,800 --> 01:19:20,560
I mean, it affects me to this day.

1370
01:19:20,640 --> 01:19:25,000
And I actually held her in my arms
when they disconnected her.

1371
01:19:28,520 --> 01:19:30,760
And if somebody turned around
and said to me,

1372
01:19:30,840 --> 01:19:32,960
"Hey, we can clone her
and we'll get her back."

1373
01:19:33,680 --> 01:19:36,200
She hadn't really had a chance
to develop a personality.

1374
01:19:36,280 --> 01:19:38,680
She was going to be identically,
genetically the same.

1375
01:19:38,760 --> 01:19:40,080
She was going to be my daughter.

1376
01:19:40,160 --> 01:19:41,880
Would I say yes?

1377
01:19:41,960 --> 01:19:42,920
And…

1378
01:19:43,000 --> 01:19:44,400
I'd have to say I would.

1379
01:19:45,880 --> 01:19:48,040
There's nothing worse than small coffins.

1380
01:19:48,120 --> 01:19:51,320
So is there a role for cloning in humans?

1381
01:19:52,000 --> 01:19:54,680
I might argue, in very select cases.

1382
01:19:54,760 --> 01:19:57,320
Now, if somebody said to me,

1383
01:19:57,400 --> 01:19:59,560
"Would you like to be cloned?"
I'm going to be cremated.

1384
01:19:59,640 --> 01:20:00,840
No one's bringing me back from nowhere.

1385
01:20:01,680 --> 01:20:03,400
No one's playing with my DNA.

1386
01:20:06,360 --> 01:20:09,600
Science often gallops
way ahead of the ethics.

1387
01:20:09,680 --> 01:20:11,520
And ethics plays catch-up

1388
01:20:11,600 --> 01:20:14,520
because scientists are out there
doing these experiments

1389
01:20:14,600 --> 01:20:17,240
and then occasionally,
they come up with something,

1390
01:20:17,320 --> 01:20:19,040
and we have to say,
"Whoa, whoa, wait a second.

1391
01:20:19,120 --> 01:20:20,560
We need to talk about this."

1392
01:20:20,640 --> 01:20:23,840
Unfortunately, often it's just
the ethicists saying that.

1393
01:20:23,920 --> 01:20:25,640
No one listens to us.

1394
01:20:25,720 --> 01:20:30,360
But, um, sometimes,
that conversation becomes very serious.

1395
01:20:30,440 --> 01:20:33,160
Sometimes, we manage
to get people to listen and say,

1396
01:20:33,240 --> 01:20:35,000
"This is coming down the pike,

1397
01:20:35,080 --> 01:20:37,160
and we really need
to pay attention to it."

1398
01:20:48,520 --> 01:20:50,880
Korea is the country
where I was born.

1399
01:20:50,960 --> 01:20:52,040
So…

1400
01:20:53,680 --> 01:20:56,280
I feel at ease
every time I come back from abroad,

1401
01:20:57,000 --> 01:20:59,600
even if it is only once or twice a year.

1402
01:21:11,040 --> 01:21:12,000
Pastor.

1403
01:21:14,480 --> 01:21:16,080
Welcome.

1404
01:21:19,560 --> 01:21:21,560
-How have you been?
-Oh, goodness.

1405
01:21:22,400 --> 01:21:23,400
Pastor.

1406
01:21:25,120 --> 01:21:27,320
Your face has not changed one bit.

1407
01:21:28,880 --> 01:21:30,520
You're also the same, Pastor.

1408
01:21:30,600 --> 01:21:33,520
My goodness. Let's head in.
You look even younger.

1409
01:21:36,240 --> 01:21:38,840
Yes, Pastor,
I've been really wanting to see you.

1410
01:21:44,920 --> 01:21:47,120
Hyeon-yi is someone
I can never forget.

1411
01:21:49,400 --> 01:21:52,120
The noble promises I made with Hyeon-yi.

1412
01:21:53,520 --> 01:21:54,440
I hope that

1413
01:21:55,160 --> 01:21:56,920
you will continue to keep

1414
01:21:57,800 --> 01:21:59,560
the promise you made with Hyeon-yi

1415
01:22:00,840 --> 01:22:03,920
in your heart as you've done so far.

1416
01:22:04,640 --> 01:22:07,400
There are so many
Hyeon-yi situations out there, right?

1417
01:22:08,080 --> 01:22:10,440
Yes, there are so many
in the same predicament.

1418
01:22:11,840 --> 01:22:13,720
I believe you have…

1419
01:22:16,040 --> 01:22:18,800
been given the mission to help them.

1420
01:22:20,160 --> 01:22:21,720
Among those people

1421
01:22:22,240 --> 01:22:25,240
who criticize
the use of cloning technology…

1422
01:22:29,400 --> 01:22:33,120
some say that cloning is
against the will of God,

1423
01:22:33,760 --> 01:22:35,160
against Mother Nature,

1424
01:22:35,680 --> 01:22:37,200
and natural creation.

1425
01:22:37,680 --> 01:22:41,200
Some say it's an extravagant attempt
to play God.

1426
01:22:43,120 --> 01:22:44,040
But,

1427
01:22:45,160 --> 01:22:46,440
how can

1428
01:22:47,000 --> 01:22:50,640
anyone definitively claim that this…

1429
01:22:50,720 --> 01:22:53,040
that this really is God's realm?