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YTS.MX
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- [water splashing]
- [children laughing and talking]
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You've had enough. I have too.
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We've all had more than enough
of this hot, humid, hazy weather.
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And we're all sick and tired
of hearing about more 90-degree days.
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[man] You do it all
right at your GM dealers.
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Hi, I'm Belinda Carlisle,
and you're watching MTV.
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["Heaven is a Place on Earth"
by Belinda Carlisle plays]
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♪ Ooh, Heaven is a place on Earth ♪
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♪ They say in Heaven, love comes first ♪
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♪ We'll make Heaven a place on Earth ♪
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[man] That's it! Whoo!
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♪ In this world, we're just beginning… ♪
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Another day of sweltering temperature
for most of the country.
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In at least two dozen cities,
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there has never been a June 22nd
as hot as this one.
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[ominous music playing]
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[man] This is by far the worst it's been.
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I can't remember one that's
where the heat has just gone on and on.
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{\an8}It's very difficult for me particularly
because I'm asthmatic,
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{\an8}and it poses a serious health threat.
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Alarm bells are beginning to sound
across the continent
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as the drought of '88
enters a critical stage.
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[reporter] The government says there
are now drought conditions in 48 states.
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The barren spots in the mountains,
the parched fields of the Midwest,
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the soaring temperatures
throughout the country
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all finally have got people believing
in what once seemed science fiction.
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Nationwide, our heat wave
has killed at least 36 people.
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Two men in their early twenties
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died of heat stroke
during the last month here.
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The big worry, that the hot temperatures
may be due to a buildup of carbon dioxide
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in the atmosphere,
the dreaded greenhouse effect.
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[music fades]
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[gavel pounding]
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[Tim Wirth] I think the question
that everybody's asking today,
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{\an8}with all of the heat going on
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{\an8}across the Middle West
and the Southwest and so on is,
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{\an8}is the current heat wave and drought
related to the greenhouse effect?
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{\an8}I'd like to start
with Dr. James Hansen, uh,
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{\an8}the director of the Goddard Institute
for Space Studies.
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The rate of warming in the past 25 years
is the highest on the record.
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The four warmest years
have all been in the 1980s,
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and 1988 will be the warmest year
on the record.
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This evidence represents
a very strong case, in my opinion,
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that the greenhouse effect
has been detected
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and it is changing our climate now.
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{\an8}No one heat wave can be ascribed uniquely
to the greenhouse warming.
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But, as Jim said,
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it's reasonable to assume
that the greenhouse effect is here.
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It's happening. The warming has begun.
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[intriguing piano music plays]
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[reporter 1] We have changed
the atmosphere itself,
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many scientists are now persuaded,
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and made an entrapping bubble of it.
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We find ourselves inside the bubble.
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[disconcerting string music plays]
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[reporter 2] Rapid climate warming
would change the face of the globe
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and might well be accompanied
by more frequent natural disasters.
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New York could have the same kind
of weather that Miami has today.
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[man] Dr. Stephen Schneider is with the
National Center for Atmospheric Research.
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I've probably received
ten phone calls a week
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in the last several months
asking the question,
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is this heat wave and drought finally
the manifestation that you and others
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have been talking about for 15 years?
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Are you ready to say, "I told you so"?
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There are not many opportunities
when someone with your expertise
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has a chance to talk
to millions of Americans
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at the same time and say,
"Hey, dummies, wake up."
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No matter how we do the calculations,
backwards, forwards, or sideways,
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it comes out the same.
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So we know
that the greenhouse effect is real.
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[journalist] Do you know
what the greenhouse effect is?
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The pollution through… oil and plastics
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and the destruction of those things
in our natural environment.
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We regulate traffic
and we regulate other affairs in our life.
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This is one very important issue
that we should take care of.
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[reporter] President Reagan went
to America's heartland today
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to get a firsthand look
at the effects of the drought.
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Farmers face the worst natural disaster
since the Dust Bowl of the 1930s.
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[reporter] In Illinois, Vice President
George Bush consoled farmers whose fields
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are full of withered crops.
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{\an8}In this campaign year,
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{\an8}the White House and the vice president
are very sensitive to the fact
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that how they handle the drought emergency
could have a big effect
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on Republican chances.
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[man] Ladies and gentlemen,
the vice president of the United States.
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[crowd applauding, whistling]
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[reporter] After seven years
in the shadow of Ronald Reagan,
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George Bush moved
into the spotlight tonight and said,
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"I want to be your leader."
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"Listen, take a look,
tell me in November what you think."
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[dramatic high note plays]
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[high note swells, fades]
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{\an8}- [indistinct conversations]
- [tools thudding and clacking]
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{\an8}[camera shutters clicking]
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[Bush] What this is about today,
my aspirations.
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We'll talk about what I want to do,
how I want to lead in the environment.
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{\an8}[man] Vice President of the US,
the Honorable George Bush.
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{\an8}- [applause]
- Welcome to Michigan.
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{\an8}Thank you all. Thank you.
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- It's beautiful out here.
- It's a lovely setting.
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[Bush] Thank you, ladies and gentlemen.
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Thank you very, very much.
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This summer, we've seen a lot of talk
about the greenhouse effect.
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As the nations of the world grow,
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they burn increasing amounts
of fossil fuels
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and that gives off carbon dioxide
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and thus could contribute to an increase
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in temperatures in the atmosphere.
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But some say these problems are too big,
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that it's impossible to solve
the problem of global warming.
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My response is simple.
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It can be done and we must do it.
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And these issues
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know no ideology, no political boundaries,
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not a liberal or a conservative thing
we're talking about here today.
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They are the common agenda of the future.
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Those who think we're powerless to do
anything about this greenhouse effect
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are forgetting
about the White House effect.
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And as president,
I intend to do something about it.
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{\an8}[device whirring]
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{\an8}♪ Heaven is a place on… ♪
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{\an8}[music distorting]
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{\an8}- ["Let's Dance" by David Bowie plays]
- ♪ Let's dance… ♪
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{\an8}[male announcer] Soul Train.
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{\an8}The hippest trip in America.
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- [static crackles]
- [music fades]
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[static crackling softly]
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{\an8}[somber piano music plays]
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Is it just bad weather
or a historic change in climate?
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And how will it affect our lives?
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Scientists have been brooding over
those questions for years.
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Now one of them has gone public
with this issue.
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He's Dr. Stephen Schneider,
a climatologist in Boulder, Colorado.
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And he warns that we are gambling
with our future and losing.
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[intriguing string music plays]
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Schneider is deputy head
of the Climate Project
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at the National Center
for Atmospheric Research.
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Whether he's meeting with colleagues
or looking for trends in weather data,
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his concern about our survival
is almost obsessive.
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{\an8}Certain human pollutants
are growing at an exponential rate.
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[interviewer] You're talking
about industrial and automotive
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pollution of the air.
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That's one example, yes.
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The burning of fossil fuel,
coal and oil and gas,
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it all ends up with a by-product,
carbon dioxide.
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And the amount of carbon dioxide
that was produced over the last century
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we know has been increasing
in the atmosphere.
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There's no doubt about that.
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We see about a 10% increase
in carbon dioxide over the last 20 years.
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[music fades]
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Now, what does that do?
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Well, it leads to the greenhouse effect,
with tending to warm up the Earth,
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{\an8}which could lead to a change
in the climate
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{\an8}that's unprecedented
in the last 5,000 years.
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{\an8}That could occur
as early as the end of the century,
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{\an8}competing with natural changes.
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{\an8}You saying it could happen?
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{\an8}It could happen.
I don't think it's one in 10,000 either.
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{\an8}- You think it's--
- Much higher than that.
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[Jimmy Carter] Good evening.
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{\an8}Tonight I want to have
an unpleasant talk with you
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about a problem
that's unprecedented in our history.
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The oil and natural gas that we rely on
for 75% of our energy
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are simply running out.
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{\an8}Our energy problems have the same cause
as our environmental problems.
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{\an8}Wasteful use of resources.
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00:11:04,288 --> 00:11:09,251
Conservation helps us solve
both problems at once.
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[interviewer] Is there an area
that the president touched on tonight
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that you can't live with?
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I don't like to be cold in the winter.
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[laughs]
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[interviewer] Are you willing to make some
sacrifices to get us out of this bind?
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I-- I have no problem with that,
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and I have no problem
saying to my children they should too.
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In fact,
they're telling me much of the time.
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["Sunshine on my Shoulders" plays]
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{\an8}♪ Sunshine on my shoulders ♪
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♪ Makes me happy… ♪
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[interviewer] Would you pitch in
what you can?
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I think I will. I'm going to try to. Yeah.
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I think the president
can't do it all himself.
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I'm sure that we're all
going to have to, uh, pitch in.
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Did President Carter scare you last night
as far as energy's concerned?
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I didn't see Carter last night, man.
I got drunk last night.
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[chorus] ♪ Sunshine on my shoulders ♪
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{\an8}♪ Makes me happy… ♪
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{\an8}[Carter] By the end of this century,
I want our nation to derive 20%
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of all the energy we use from the sun.
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The long-term threats,
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which just a few years ago
were not even considered,
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the buildup of carbon dioxide.
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These kinds of concerns affect you and me.
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Energy conservation
has got to become a way of life.
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[projector whirring]
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[announcer] This is the CBS Evening News
with Walter Cronkite.
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Good evening.
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Three presidents have tried to convince us
we must use less oil.
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But without success.
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Consumption has risen and so has
the nation's dependence on foreign oil.
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While Iran is struggling
to regain political order,
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it still is not exporting oil.
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And Iranian oil is an important part
of American gasoline production.
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The situation could become as serious
as the '73-'74 Arab oil embargo.
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["Take the Long Way Home"
by Roger Hodgson plays]
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[reporter] Energy Department officials
unveiled a standby gasoline rationing plan
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which could restrict automobile users
to two gallons a day.
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{\an8}♪ So you think you're a Romeo ♪
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♪ You're playing a part
In a picture show ♪
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♪ Well, take the long way home ♪
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♪ Take the long way home… ♪
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I've been in two gas lines already.
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- [man] This morning?
- This morning.
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00:13:45,115 --> 00:13:48,118
- [man] How long for the first one?
- In both lines over an hour.
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00:13:48,202 --> 00:13:49,870
And I'm out of gas.
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Dead out.
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[car horns honking]
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00:13:53,541 --> 00:13:55,209
♪ Take the long way home… ♪
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{\an8}People ought to just take their cars,
put them in their garages,
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00:14:00,256 --> 00:14:01,674
and let them sit there.
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00:14:02,174 --> 00:14:03,592
[man] You're not doing that.
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00:14:04,134 --> 00:14:08,097
{\an8}I'm not doing it because nobody else is.
What am I gonna do? Sit home by myself?
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[car horns honking]
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00:14:09,682 --> 00:14:12,685
{\an8}You know? If everybody'd do it,
that would be a great idea.
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00:14:14,353 --> 00:14:15,980
[woman] Isn't this disgusting?
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00:14:16,063 --> 00:14:19,900
Why doesn't anybody contact the president?
Why is he letting this happen to us?
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00:14:19,984 --> 00:14:23,737
- [song ends]
- [horns honking]
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00:14:24,822 --> 00:14:25,906
{\an8}Good evening.
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00:14:26,407 --> 00:14:28,951
{\an8}I'm here tonight to announce my intention
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00:14:29,034 --> 00:14:32,830
{\an8}to seek the Republican nomination
for president of the United States.
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00:14:32,913 --> 00:14:33,956
[intriguing music plays]
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00:14:34,039 --> 00:14:35,332
If you ever had any doubt
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00:14:35,416 --> 00:14:38,335
of the government's inability
to provide for the people,
235
00:14:38,836 --> 00:14:40,337
just look at the utter fiasco
236
00:14:40,421 --> 00:14:43,173
{\an8}we now call the Energy Crisis.
237
00:14:43,757 --> 00:14:46,010
The answer to our energy problem
238
00:14:46,093 --> 00:14:49,847
is to take the authority
away from government
239
00:14:49,930 --> 00:14:53,934
and put it back in the hands of those
who are experts in the field of energy.
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00:14:54,018 --> 00:14:54,935
[applause, cheers]
241
00:15:01,358 --> 00:15:04,820
The oil companies now
are issuing their financial statements
242
00:15:04,904 --> 00:15:08,741
for the second quarter of this year,
the period of the longest gas lines,
243
00:15:08,824 --> 00:15:10,534
and their profits are way up.
244
00:15:10,618 --> 00:15:12,328
Sitting beside me is Jack Bennett,
245
00:15:12,411 --> 00:15:16,290
{\an8}a senior vice president and member
of Exxon Corporation's board of directors.
246
00:15:16,373 --> 00:15:19,293
{\an8}You have a union leader
saying your profits are pornographic.
247
00:15:19,376 --> 00:15:24,465
Aren't you kind of embarrassed
you're making 119% increase in profits?
248
00:15:24,548 --> 00:15:27,635
I'm not embarrassed
because I know we've been moderate.
249
00:15:27,718 --> 00:15:29,720
[intriguing music continues]
250
00:15:38,479 --> 00:15:42,483
[Reagan] I have asked
and I am recommending to this convention
251
00:15:42,566 --> 00:15:44,693
{\an8}that George Bush be nominated.
252
00:15:44,777 --> 00:15:47,988
{\an8}- [gentle music playing]
- [applauding and cheering loudly]
253
00:15:51,450 --> 00:15:53,577
[reporter] George Bush,
a Connecticut Yankee
254
00:15:53,661 --> 00:15:56,538
who moved to Texas
and made a fortune in the oil business.
255
00:15:56,622 --> 00:15:58,832
{\an8}Former Congressman from Houston,
256
00:15:58,916 --> 00:16:01,043
{\an8}former Ambassador to the United Nations,
257
00:16:01,126 --> 00:16:03,754
{\an8}former director
of the Central Intelligence Agency.
258
00:16:03,837 --> 00:16:06,131
[crowd applauding]
259
00:16:07,758 --> 00:16:10,219
Governor Reagan's approach
to our energy policy
260
00:16:10,302 --> 00:16:12,930
is to put all our eggs in one basket
261
00:16:13,013 --> 00:16:15,641
and give that basket
to the major oil companies.
262
00:16:16,517 --> 00:16:17,810
[interviewer] Who'd you vote for?
263
00:16:17,893 --> 00:16:20,020
- I voted for Reagan.
- I vote for Reagan.
264
00:16:20,104 --> 00:16:22,648
- Reagan.
- He voted for Reagan too.
265
00:16:22,731 --> 00:16:23,565
Who else?
266
00:16:23,649 --> 00:16:24,692
Carter.
267
00:16:24,775 --> 00:16:27,319
- Who'd you vote for in 1976?
- Carter.
268
00:16:27,820 --> 00:16:29,405
He's not such a bad guy.
269
00:16:30,614 --> 00:16:33,033
Thank goodness
after all we've had of Carter,
270
00:16:33,951 --> 00:16:36,328
who would want another four years of him?
271
00:16:37,037 --> 00:16:39,081
[NBC theme chimes]
272
00:16:39,164 --> 00:16:41,333
[band marching, playing "Yankee Doodle"]
273
00:16:41,417 --> 00:16:43,419
{\an8}[people cheering]
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00:16:53,012 --> 00:16:55,347
{\an8}[Jensen] Last night,
all across the country,
275
00:16:55,431 --> 00:16:57,391
{\an8}businessmen loved what they heard.
276
00:16:57,474 --> 00:17:01,729
We must come to grips with inefficient
and burdensome regulations,
277
00:17:01,812 --> 00:17:04,481
eliminate those we can,
and reform the others.
278
00:17:04,982 --> 00:17:08,736
I have asked Vice President Bush
to head a cabinet-level task force
279
00:17:08,819 --> 00:17:10,320
on regulatory relief.
280
00:17:10,404 --> 00:17:11,780
{\an8}- [man 1] You ready?
- [man 2] Yeah.
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00:17:12,281 --> 00:17:14,575
- [man 1] Okay.
- Can we go fairly tight on him? Uh…
282
00:17:14,658 --> 00:17:16,160
- [man 2] Speed.
- [man 1] Still rolling.
283
00:17:16,243 --> 00:17:18,412
- [man 2] Okay.
- [interviewer] Okay, Mr. Garvin.
284
00:17:18,495 --> 00:17:21,123
- Happy to have Reagan in the White House?
- Yes, I am.
285
00:17:21,206 --> 00:17:25,711
{\an8}I think… Considering the kinds of events
and where we were,
286
00:17:25,794 --> 00:17:29,798
I think if you look at this first 30 days,
or whatever it's been,
287
00:17:29,882 --> 00:17:31,467
he couldn't have asked for more.
288
00:17:31,550 --> 00:17:33,635
[intriguing synth music plays]
289
00:17:37,139 --> 00:17:41,477
[reporter] Vice President Bush singled out
30 regulations for administration review.
290
00:17:41,560 --> 00:17:44,271
We've gone too far
in the federal government
291
00:17:44,354 --> 00:17:45,522
regulating things.
292
00:17:48,859 --> 00:17:52,780
[reporter] The Reagan administration
wants federal air pollution laws loosened.
293
00:17:52,863 --> 00:17:55,949
The changes range from a rollback
of auto-emission standards
294
00:17:56,033 --> 00:17:58,994
to making it easier
for industry to burn coal.
295
00:18:00,871 --> 00:18:03,916
[Reagan] This administration wants
to achieve economic growth
296
00:18:03,999 --> 00:18:06,126
by reducing government intrusions
297
00:18:06,210 --> 00:18:08,170
in order to expand human freedom.
298
00:18:08,670 --> 00:18:12,132
{\an8}And together,
we'll make America great again.
299
00:18:12,633 --> 00:18:13,759
{\an8}- Thank you.
- [applause]
300
00:18:13,842 --> 00:18:16,178
["Eminence Front" playing]
301
00:18:29,691 --> 00:18:31,944
{\an8}I want my MTV.
302
00:18:48,085 --> 00:18:51,547
[male reporter] Reagan has cut
the Carter solar budget in half.
303
00:18:51,630 --> 00:18:53,966
Exxon sold its solar-collector plant.
304
00:18:54,049 --> 00:18:57,052
♪ The sun shines… ♪
305
00:18:59,138 --> 00:19:04,226
Exxon has already invested over
$300 million to produce American coal.
306
00:19:04,309 --> 00:19:05,394
[song fading]
307
00:19:05,477 --> 00:19:07,479
[ominous music plays]
308
00:19:12,526 --> 00:19:15,112
- [rumbling]
- [eerie music plays]
309
00:19:28,000 --> 00:19:30,627
[people clapping rhythmically in protest]
310
00:19:32,421 --> 00:19:35,299
[reporter] Conservationists attack plans
to speed up the development
311
00:19:35,382 --> 00:19:39,928
of coal and minerals
on 768 million acres of public land.
312
00:19:40,012 --> 00:19:43,432
This is my home and I would like
to feel free to live here.
313
00:19:43,515 --> 00:19:46,351
{\an8}[women] ♪ We can fight together ♪
314
00:19:46,435 --> 00:19:48,353
[tense music playing]
315
00:20:11,168 --> 00:20:12,127
[clanks]
316
00:20:12,211 --> 00:20:13,795
[whirring]
317
00:20:15,839 --> 00:20:17,299
[device clicking]
318
00:20:17,382 --> 00:20:18,634
[wind gusting]
319
00:20:18,717 --> 00:20:20,177
[trilling]
320
00:20:24,223 --> 00:20:26,308
[whirring]
321
00:20:33,315 --> 00:20:36,485
{\an8}Unfortunately,
there is no other model of the Earth
322
00:20:36,568 --> 00:20:38,362
{\an8}with which we can make experiments
323
00:20:38,445 --> 00:20:41,114
{\an8}to see what causes
fluctuations in the climate.
324
00:20:41,907 --> 00:20:45,369
So we have to turn
to mathematical models of climate.
325
00:20:45,452 --> 00:20:47,371
{\an8}[intriguing string music plays]
326
00:20:47,454 --> 00:20:49,873
{\an8}Then you literally pollute the model.
327
00:20:49,957 --> 00:20:52,417
You type in a different CO2 concentration.
328
00:20:52,501 --> 00:20:55,879
You run the model
so many years forward in simulated time.
329
00:20:55,963 --> 00:20:57,172
Compute a new climate.
330
00:20:57,256 --> 00:20:59,007
And that's where these predictions,
331
00:20:59,091 --> 00:21:01,969
which say two or three-degree
temperature warming in 100 years,
332
00:21:02,052 --> 00:21:02,886
come from.
333
00:21:09,768 --> 00:21:11,853
Testing often involves
comparing simulations
334
00:21:11,937 --> 00:21:14,398
against a variety
of empirical observations.
335
00:21:16,316 --> 00:21:19,319
For example, right up there on Mauna Loa,
336
00:21:19,403 --> 00:21:22,322
the very famous observatory,
is this intake.
337
00:21:25,033 --> 00:21:28,453
It sucks air in from the outside
and feeds it into these instruments.
338
00:21:28,537 --> 00:21:30,539
[devices clicking]
339
00:21:32,457 --> 00:21:34,543
That's the instrument
that Dave Keeling set up.
340
00:21:37,129 --> 00:21:41,008
{\an8}And he did it based on previous science
done by Roger Revelle.
341
00:21:42,634 --> 00:21:46,555
{\an8}It gave me goose bumps to stand in front
because it's possible that one instrument
342
00:21:46,638 --> 00:21:49,558
could change the course
of industrial civilization.
343
00:21:50,142 --> 00:21:52,894
Since 1958, it's been, uh, measuring
344
00:21:52,978 --> 00:21:55,647
the carbon-dioxide content
of the atmosphere.
345
00:21:59,359 --> 00:22:01,361
[dramatic notes playing]
346
00:22:05,490 --> 00:22:07,492
[dramatic string music plays]
347
00:22:13,999 --> 00:22:16,376
[reporter] We Americans
use twice as much oil every day
348
00:22:16,460 --> 00:22:18,587
{\an8}as all the rest of the world put together.
349
00:22:20,839 --> 00:22:22,674
And we mine more coal
350
00:22:22,758 --> 00:22:24,051
than any other people.
351
00:22:29,931 --> 00:22:30,766
[shatters]
352
00:22:40,984 --> 00:22:42,402
{\an8}[people cheering]
353
00:22:47,115 --> 00:22:51,328
[Schneider] Here we are at present
somewhere around 350 parts per million.
354
00:22:52,204 --> 00:22:54,039
The steady trend is up.
355
00:22:54,122 --> 00:22:56,750
So, if you take this curve
and you continue to project it,
356
00:22:56,833 --> 00:22:58,210
it doesn't just go straight.
357
00:22:58,293 --> 00:23:01,004
Its graph starts to take off
and up the page.
358
00:23:01,088 --> 00:23:03,090
[somber music playing]
359
00:23:29,950 --> 00:23:32,494
Somewhere around the end of this century,
360
00:23:32,577 --> 00:23:34,788
or the first decade or two
of the next century,
361
00:23:35,622 --> 00:23:38,500
that's when you reach the level
when our present theories say
362
00:23:38,583 --> 00:23:40,085
you should have a large effect.
363
00:23:40,168 --> 00:23:42,212
- [music fading]
- [projector whirring]
364
00:23:44,589 --> 00:23:46,174
[ship horn bellows]
365
00:23:49,928 --> 00:23:52,305
{\an8}[ship horn bellows]
366
00:23:54,141 --> 00:23:56,143
[dreamlike music playing]
367
00:24:12,075 --> 00:24:14,369
[ship horn bellows]
368
00:24:19,291 --> 00:24:21,501
{\an8}[device whirring]
369
00:24:24,629 --> 00:24:26,631
[dreamlike music continues]
370
00:24:49,404 --> 00:24:50,489
[music fades]
371
00:24:54,784 --> 00:24:57,954
{\an8}Even the pessimists,
ones that predict these terrible cases,
372
00:24:58,038 --> 00:25:00,999
{\an8}aren't really predicting large effects
for 50 years or so.
373
00:25:01,082 --> 00:25:03,418
So I don't see the-- the reason for haste.
374
00:25:05,545 --> 00:25:08,882
[Al Gore] This problem has reached
a new stage in its development.
375
00:25:08,965 --> 00:25:13,595
{\an8}A scientific consensus has emerged,
and now the debate is over how long
376
00:25:13,678 --> 00:25:16,389
before the first effects
will actually be felt.
377
00:25:16,890 --> 00:25:20,310
As a result,
it is moving from the scientific realm
378
00:25:20,393 --> 00:25:22,729
into the political realm.
379
00:25:22,812 --> 00:25:26,274
How are the policymakers
going to react to this challenge?
380
00:25:26,358 --> 00:25:27,567
{\an8}[ominous music plays]
381
00:25:30,403 --> 00:25:31,279
{\an8}[music swells]
382
00:25:32,239 --> 00:25:33,156
[music fades]
383
00:25:33,240 --> 00:25:37,035
Those who think we're powerless to do
anything about this greenhouse effect
384
00:25:37,118 --> 00:25:39,955
are forgetting
about the White House effect.
385
00:25:40,455 --> 00:25:43,458
And as president,
I intend to do something about it.
386
00:25:43,542 --> 00:25:45,794
- [applause]
- [crowd murmuring in agreement]
387
00:25:47,671 --> 00:25:49,589
[Bush] Thank you all very, very much.
388
00:25:58,431 --> 00:26:00,600
[Jan] It's eight minutes
after 10:00 on WHO,
389
00:26:00,684 --> 00:26:04,104
I'm Jan Mickelson,
and could you name for me the top issues
390
00:26:04,187 --> 00:26:06,690
that the new president should be facing?
391
00:26:07,816 --> 00:26:09,651
[man] What I'd like
to see the new president do
392
00:26:09,734 --> 00:26:11,444
is really protect the environment
393
00:26:11,528 --> 00:26:13,071
and get the right people to do it.
394
00:26:13,863 --> 00:26:17,617
[Jan] In every public-opinion survey,
that seems to be a bipartisan issue.
395
00:26:17,701 --> 00:26:19,578
That's one apple pie, motherhood issue
396
00:26:19,661 --> 00:26:21,621
{\an8}I don't think any new administration
397
00:26:21,705 --> 00:26:23,748
{\an8}is going to have trouble dealing with.
398
00:26:24,332 --> 00:26:26,042
{\an8}[gentle piano music plays]
399
00:26:26,835 --> 00:26:30,130
[reporter] The environment is one issue
George Bush is using to distance himself
400
00:26:30,213 --> 00:26:31,798
from the current administration.
401
00:26:31,881 --> 00:26:34,134
I don't think we have been doing enough
402
00:26:34,217 --> 00:26:36,386
to protect our environment
in recent years.
403
00:26:36,886 --> 00:26:38,054
We need to do more.
404
00:26:38,138 --> 00:26:40,223
Coming from one of the charter members
405
00:26:40,307 --> 00:26:45,437
{\an8}of the environmental wrecking crew
which went to Washington in 1981,
406
00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:47,188
{\an8}that's very strange indeed.
407
00:26:47,897 --> 00:26:51,318
[man] I think the environmental issue
is an issue that gets people out to vote.
408
00:26:51,401 --> 00:26:53,737
It's an issue
that makes people mad as hell
409
00:26:53,820 --> 00:26:56,948
or makes sure that they go
and they do something on election day.
410
00:26:57,032 --> 00:27:00,785
We need a president who'll be committed
to clean up the environment.
411
00:27:00,869 --> 00:27:02,954
{\an8}We need to do much, much better
412
00:27:03,038 --> 00:27:04,873
{\an8}with our environment,
413
00:27:04,956 --> 00:27:09,044
and I will be a good president
for the environment.
414
00:27:09,127 --> 00:27:12,297
I'll do a good job because I am committed.
415
00:27:12,380 --> 00:27:14,758
[reporter] Once again, I don't know
416
00:27:14,841 --> 00:27:17,218
which George Bush
I'm talking about here or looking at.
417
00:27:17,302 --> 00:27:19,220
I plan on voting for George Bush.
418
00:27:19,304 --> 00:27:21,306
- I'm gonna vote for Dukakis.
- Bush.
419
00:27:21,389 --> 00:27:23,642
[intriguing music plays]
420
00:27:24,517 --> 00:27:25,852
[music ends]
421
00:27:33,026 --> 00:27:36,571
[male reporter] It's over.
Uh, George Bush wins.
422
00:27:36,655 --> 00:27:38,657
[scattered applause]
423
00:27:42,827 --> 00:27:43,995
[exhales in relief]
424
00:27:44,079 --> 00:27:45,163
[chuckles]
425
00:27:53,338 --> 00:27:56,132
[siren wailing]
426
00:28:00,553 --> 00:28:02,639
[reporter] George Bush
took a giant step today
427
00:28:02,722 --> 00:28:06,518
toward filling the remaining top positions
in his administration.
428
00:28:06,601 --> 00:28:11,981
That Bill Reilly has agreed to serve
as, uh, the administrator of the EPA.
429
00:28:12,982 --> 00:28:14,901
[male reporter] William Kane Reilly,
430
00:28:14,984 --> 00:28:17,904
president's Counsel
on Environmental Qualities,
431
00:28:17,987 --> 00:28:19,864
World Wildlife Fund,
432
00:28:20,365 --> 00:28:22,200
the Conservation Foundation.
433
00:28:22,283 --> 00:28:24,703
If we allow development
to go hither and yon,
434
00:28:24,786 --> 00:28:27,539
I think we'll continue to see,
all across the country,
435
00:28:27,622 --> 00:28:30,083
standoffs between
environmentalists and developers.
436
00:28:30,166 --> 00:28:33,461
{\an8}To my knowledge, this is the first time
437
00:28:33,545 --> 00:28:35,964
{\an8}the leader
of a major conservation organization
438
00:28:36,047 --> 00:28:37,382
{\an8}has been appointed directly
439
00:28:37,465 --> 00:28:40,385
to the position of EPA administrator.
440
00:28:40,468 --> 00:28:41,886
[intriguing music playing]
441
00:28:41,970 --> 00:28:45,765
Perhaps the campaign rhetoric
about pollution and the environment
442
00:28:45,849 --> 00:28:47,559
was more than just talk.
443
00:28:50,437 --> 00:28:52,772
[reporter 1] Mr. Bush also announced
that John Sununu
444
00:28:52,856 --> 00:28:55,734
will be George Bush's
White House chief of staff.
445
00:28:56,234 --> 00:28:59,237
[reporter 2] Governor John Sununu,
conservative, Republican,
446
00:28:59,320 --> 00:29:01,072
PhD in engineering.
447
00:29:01,906 --> 00:29:04,325
[reporter 3] Friends say
he also campaigned hard
448
00:29:04,409 --> 00:29:07,787
for the job
of Ronald Reagan's energy secretary
449
00:29:07,871 --> 00:29:11,082
and was devastated
when someone else was chosen.
450
00:29:11,166 --> 00:29:13,460
[reporter 4] And just
what kind of guy is he?
451
00:29:13,960 --> 00:29:15,420
Brilliant, arrogant,
452
00:29:15,503 --> 00:29:17,088
opinionated, strong-willed.
453
00:29:17,172 --> 00:29:19,549
[reporter 5] An ideological warrior.
454
00:29:19,632 --> 00:29:23,178
{\an8}Energy is a very important component
to the capacity of this country
455
00:29:23,261 --> 00:29:26,181
{\an8}to continue its way of life
with the quality of life
456
00:29:26,264 --> 00:29:28,683
{\an8}that we have come to recognize
as being crucial.
457
00:29:29,851 --> 00:29:31,853
{\an8}[journalist] Do you see it
also as an opportunity
458
00:29:31,936 --> 00:29:36,399
{\an8}for you to give your views
to the president?
459
00:29:36,483 --> 00:29:40,987
Uh, if I have an opportunity to speak, uh,
with the conservative perspective
460
00:29:41,070 --> 00:29:43,448
as those issues come along,
I will do that.
461
00:29:43,531 --> 00:29:44,949
[journalist] Are you hot-tempered?
462
00:29:45,033 --> 00:29:46,284
[people chuckle]
463
00:29:46,367 --> 00:29:47,494
I'm a pussycat.
464
00:29:47,577 --> 00:29:49,204
[people laugh]
465
00:29:54,709 --> 00:29:57,629
{\an8}[man 1] They're coming. You wanna…?
We can be here or out there.
466
00:29:59,214 --> 00:30:00,673
{\an8}[man chuckles]
467
00:30:00,757 --> 00:30:03,384
{\an8}- [man 2] Maybe that's a little flat.
- [man 3] Yes.
468
00:30:04,511 --> 00:30:06,221
- Morning, everybody.
- Good morning.
469
00:30:06,304 --> 00:30:08,097
Bright and early. Good morning.
470
00:30:08,848 --> 00:30:10,433
Good morning, good morning.
471
00:30:11,518 --> 00:30:12,560
Let's eat.
472
00:30:13,061 --> 00:30:15,146
Let's see what else we got. Patty?
473
00:30:15,855 --> 00:30:19,526
Let me just give her a little junk here,
and then we'll sit in.
474
00:30:19,609 --> 00:30:21,903
[Sununu] I prepared this
to make me legitimate,
475
00:30:21,986 --> 00:30:22,987
if you'd be a witness.
476
00:30:23,071 --> 00:30:24,447
I'm making you legitimate?
477
00:30:24,531 --> 00:30:27,367
- [Sununu] Yeah, swear me in.
- Right now? Let's do it.
478
00:30:27,450 --> 00:30:29,911
[man] That I'll well
and faithfully discharge…
479
00:30:29,994 --> 00:30:32,038
That I'll well and faithfully discharge…
480
00:30:32,121 --> 00:30:33,081
…duties of the office…
481
00:30:33,164 --> 00:30:34,332
…duties of the office…
482
00:30:34,415 --> 00:30:35,875
[man] …on which I'm about to enter.
483
00:30:35,959 --> 00:30:37,168
…on which I'm about to enter.
484
00:30:37,252 --> 00:30:39,337
- [man] So help me God.
- So help me God.
485
00:30:39,420 --> 00:30:41,005
- Thank you.
- [man] Congratulations.
486
00:30:41,089 --> 00:30:42,632
- You're in.
- I can do it now.
487
00:30:42,715 --> 00:30:44,008
- Great.
- Yeah, thank you.
488
00:30:44,092 --> 00:30:45,426
[man] No turning back now.
489
00:30:45,510 --> 00:30:47,637
- Thank you very much.
- [Bush] That's good.
490
00:30:48,221 --> 00:30:49,597
Well, that was painless.
491
00:30:49,681 --> 00:30:52,600
[man] All right, go give some orders now.
Be the chief.
492
00:30:52,684 --> 00:30:55,103
[tense string music plays]
493
00:31:37,437 --> 00:31:39,981
- [applause]
- [music fades]
494
00:31:46,321 --> 00:31:51,326
{\an8}And so tonight, we must take
a strong America and make it even better.
495
00:31:51,826 --> 00:31:54,913
{\an8}We must address some very real problems.
496
00:31:55,413 --> 00:31:58,207
{\an8}We need a new attitude
about the environment.
497
00:32:02,003 --> 00:32:03,004
{\an8}Because the time
498
00:32:03,087 --> 00:32:07,133
{\an8}for study alone has passed
and the time for action is now.
499
00:32:07,216 --> 00:32:08,051
{\an8}[applause]
500
00:32:12,305 --> 00:32:13,348
{\an8}And in some cases,
501
00:32:13,431 --> 00:32:15,558
{\an8}the gulfs and oceans off our shores
502
00:32:16,059 --> 00:32:17,560
{\an8}hold the promise
503
00:32:18,061 --> 00:32:19,437
{\an8}of oil and gas reserves,
504
00:32:19,520 --> 00:32:25,652
{\an8}which can make our nation more secure
and less dependent on foreign oil.
505
00:32:26,235 --> 00:32:29,697
{\an8}And when those with the most promise
can be tapped safely,
506
00:32:29,781 --> 00:32:32,909
{\an8}as with much
of the Alaska National Wildlife Refuge,
507
00:32:32,992 --> 00:32:34,535
{\an8}we should proceed.
508
00:32:34,619 --> 00:32:36,120
{\an8}[applause, cheers]
509
00:32:43,002 --> 00:32:45,004
[tense music plays]
510
00:32:46,839 --> 00:32:48,800
[static crackling]
511
00:32:48,883 --> 00:32:51,302
[male radio operator] Exxon Valdez.
Valdez traffic.
512
00:32:51,386 --> 00:32:54,263
[Joseph Hazelwood] Yeah.
Uh, it's Valdez back.
513
00:32:54,347 --> 00:32:58,226
Uh, we've touched up, uh, hard aground.
514
00:32:58,309 --> 00:32:59,769
We're leaking some oil.
515
00:33:00,311 --> 00:33:02,939
And, uh, we're gonna be here for a while.
516
00:33:04,107 --> 00:33:06,776
{\an8}[male reporter] The tanker
Exxon Valdez ran aground
517
00:33:06,859 --> 00:33:09,696
{\an8}after loading a cargo
of 1.25 million barrels
518
00:33:09,779 --> 00:33:11,698
{\an8}from the Alaska pipeline.
519
00:33:11,781 --> 00:33:15,952
More than 8.5 million gallons
poured into Prince William Sound.
520
00:33:16,452 --> 00:33:18,204
[camera shutters clicking]
521
00:33:18,746 --> 00:33:20,289
Who else have you got?
522
00:33:21,249 --> 00:33:22,208
Ah.
523
00:33:23,042 --> 00:33:25,420
The pilot departed in here someplace.
524
00:33:25,503 --> 00:33:26,546
The vessel told VTS
525
00:33:26,629 --> 00:33:28,965
that he wanted to get into this side
526
00:33:29,048 --> 00:33:31,426
of the traffic-separation scheme
527
00:33:31,509 --> 00:33:34,846
rather than go down his side
because out here you get
528
00:33:34,929 --> 00:33:37,432
some bergy bits
coming off Columbia Glacier.
529
00:33:37,515 --> 00:33:39,142
Now he hit the reef--
530
00:33:39,225 --> 00:33:42,395
At about 12 knots
and opened her up almost all the way.
531
00:33:42,478 --> 00:33:45,940
The press hasn't realized
how far that ship's opened.
532
00:33:46,858 --> 00:33:48,609
Co-chaired by both.
533
00:33:48,693 --> 00:33:50,403
- [Yost] Coast Guard and EPA.
- Yeah.
534
00:33:50,486 --> 00:33:52,739
[Yost] Coast Guard at sea, EPA on land.
535
00:33:53,698 --> 00:33:54,782
[man] Settle down.
536
00:33:55,283 --> 00:34:00,663
This is a matter of tremendous concern
to Alaska and indeed to all of us.
537
00:34:00,747 --> 00:34:04,500
Conservation side is important.
The energy side is important.
538
00:34:05,084 --> 00:34:07,712
{\an8}Bill Reilly, the head of EPA,
539
00:34:07,795 --> 00:34:11,299
{\an8}will go up to Alaska to take a hard look
540
00:34:11,382 --> 00:34:15,094
at where this disaster stands.
541
00:34:15,178 --> 00:34:17,180
[helicopter blades whirring]
542
00:34:21,392 --> 00:34:23,895
[tragic string music plays]
543
00:34:45,416 --> 00:34:48,127
{\an8}[reporter 1] On Alaska's north slope,
Exxon is going farther
544
00:34:48,211 --> 00:34:52,006
{\an8}to find new reserves
nearly 300 miles above the Arctic Circle.
545
00:34:53,466 --> 00:34:57,678
{\an8}[reporter 2] The Trans-Alaska pipeline
will travel 789 miles
546
00:34:57,762 --> 00:35:00,723
{\an8}to the ice-free port of Valdez
on Prince William Sound.
547
00:35:01,682 --> 00:35:05,103
{\an8}[reporter 3] Valdez is among
the world's most beautiful areas.
548
00:35:06,312 --> 00:35:07,772
[helicopter blades whirring]
549
00:35:07,855 --> 00:35:09,524
[tragic string music continues]
550
00:35:29,043 --> 00:35:31,003
[man] You come highly recommended.
551
00:35:31,087 --> 00:35:35,216
You're the first environmentalist
that's ever headed the agency.
552
00:35:35,299 --> 00:35:38,553
Now that places
a horrendous responsibility upon you.
553
00:35:38,636 --> 00:35:40,972
Can you give us
an assessment of the damage?
554
00:35:43,724 --> 00:35:47,812
[Reilly] It's difficult to describe
in terms that convey the impression
555
00:35:47,895 --> 00:35:50,481
that that much oil in the water
makes on you.
556
00:35:51,440 --> 00:35:52,984
It's just heartbreaking.
557
00:35:55,611 --> 00:35:59,407
I found myself asking the question,
"Is this really the best we can do?"
558
00:36:02,451 --> 00:36:05,746
[reporter] The big eight oil companies
explore, drill, and pump
559
00:36:05,830 --> 00:36:08,666
more than 50% of America's oil.
560
00:36:09,667 --> 00:36:13,796
The eight major oil companies
also own pipelines and refineries
561
00:36:13,880 --> 00:36:17,091
and 60% of gasoline stations
in the United States.
562
00:36:18,384 --> 00:36:22,597
{\an8}[interviewer] And I don't think many
people realize how big Exxon really is.
563
00:36:22,680 --> 00:36:28,728
{\an8}Now there is a fundamental question here,
Mr. Jamieson, of corporate responsibility.
564
00:36:28,811 --> 00:36:33,065
Should any company be as big as Exxon is?
565
00:36:33,941 --> 00:36:35,943
What have we done that's so bad?
566
00:36:39,906 --> 00:36:42,533
I think we have failed
to be sufficiently attentive
567
00:36:42,617 --> 00:36:45,411
to the very severe damage
568
00:36:45,494 --> 00:36:49,081
that oil can continue
to do to our environment.
569
00:36:49,582 --> 00:36:55,504
And this does raise broader questions
about the, uh, dependency we have
570
00:36:55,588 --> 00:36:57,256
on fossil fuels and oil.
571
00:36:57,340 --> 00:37:00,176
{\an8}[all chanting] Boycott Exxon!
Boycott Exxon!
572
00:37:01,010 --> 00:37:02,637
{\an8}Boycott Exxon!
573
00:37:02,720 --> 00:37:05,556
{\an8}Boycott Exxon! Boycott Exxon!
574
00:37:05,640 --> 00:37:07,266
This is what I think of you, Exxon.
575
00:37:07,350 --> 00:37:10,394
[all chanting] Boycott Exxon!
Boycott Exxon!
576
00:37:10,478 --> 00:37:11,979
Boycott Exxon!
577
00:37:12,063 --> 00:37:15,107
First up tonight,
a newsmaker interview with Lawrence Rawl,
578
00:37:15,191 --> 00:37:17,401
chairman of the board
of Exxon Corporation.
579
00:37:18,027 --> 00:37:21,489
{\an8}Are you going to have a long way
to claw back as an industry
580
00:37:21,572 --> 00:37:24,951
{\an8}against the, uh-- the public relations
and other effects of this?
581
00:37:25,451 --> 00:37:26,869
This is not meant as an excuse
582
00:37:26,953 --> 00:37:29,372
or trying to say
this isn't a bad thing to have happen.
583
00:37:29,455 --> 00:37:31,457
It's a terrible thing to have happen.
584
00:37:31,540 --> 00:37:35,836
But the facts are I don't really think
that the impact
585
00:37:35,920 --> 00:37:39,090
will be catastrophic
unless people want to stop using oil
586
00:37:39,173 --> 00:37:41,759
or they just give up on energy totally.
587
00:37:41,842 --> 00:37:45,137
I don't think any of us think
that's a very practical way to do things.
588
00:37:45,221 --> 00:37:47,098
[interviewer] Mr. Rawl,
thank you for joining us.
589
00:37:47,181 --> 00:37:49,183
Thank you for giving me the opportunity.
590
00:37:51,852 --> 00:37:53,437
{\an8}[Reilly] The press and others
591
00:37:53,521 --> 00:37:56,190
{\an8}ask whether this is really going to be
592
00:37:56,274 --> 00:37:58,067
{\an8}an environmentalist administration.
593
00:37:59,151 --> 00:38:03,239
Scientists estimate that if we don't act
to reduce greenhouse gases,
594
00:38:03,322 --> 00:38:07,493
worldwide temperatures will rise
at least two to three degrees centigrade
595
00:38:07,576 --> 00:38:09,328
by the year 2050.
596
00:38:09,912 --> 00:38:11,706
We dare not ignore it.
597
00:38:13,249 --> 00:38:16,294
Environmental protection
is about sustaining life on Earth
598
00:38:16,794 --> 00:38:18,379
for the long term.
599
00:38:19,255 --> 00:38:22,341
I think we at EPA are
the long-distance runners of government.
600
00:38:23,843 --> 00:38:27,221
{\an8}By our example and with our encouragement,
601
00:38:27,305 --> 00:38:32,143
{\an8}I believe this nation can lead
the campaign to re-stabilize the planet.
602
00:38:32,727 --> 00:38:33,728
Thank you very much.
603
00:38:33,811 --> 00:38:36,522
- [applause]
- [tragic string music plays]
604
00:38:45,656 --> 00:38:46,866
[music ends]
605
00:38:47,616 --> 00:38:49,368
- Hey, Bill.
- Mr. President.
606
00:38:49,452 --> 00:38:51,412
- [Bush] How are you?
- Good. Thanks.
607
00:38:51,495 --> 00:38:53,497
[talking indistinctly]
608
00:38:53,581 --> 00:38:56,000
- Mr. President. Mr. Chairman.
- Good.
609
00:38:56,083 --> 00:38:56,917
Mike, it's easier…
610
00:38:57,001 --> 00:38:58,711
I think Mike's wheelchair
fits easier here.
611
00:38:58,794 --> 00:39:00,588
- [Mike] All right.
- We'll get a quick shot.
612
00:39:00,671 --> 00:39:03,299
Bill, why don't you sit
over here next to me.
613
00:39:03,382 --> 00:39:07,053
Everybody, Al, Mike, anywhere,
just grab a seat and we'll…
614
00:39:07,136 --> 00:39:08,637
{\an8}[tense music plays]
615
00:39:22,610 --> 00:39:24,612
[music becomes ominous]
616
00:40:15,871 --> 00:40:16,872
{\an8}[music fading]
617
00:40:16,956 --> 00:40:17,832
{\an8}[gavel clacks]
618
00:40:17,915 --> 00:40:19,458
This hearing will come to order.
619
00:40:19,542 --> 00:40:22,086
I'd like to welcome our witnesses.
620
00:40:22,169 --> 00:40:25,214
Dr. James Hansen and Dr. Steven Schneider.
621
00:40:25,840 --> 00:40:31,429
{\an8}Dr. Schneider, would you say there is now
a consensus in the scientific community
622
00:40:31,512 --> 00:40:33,097
{\an8}that there will be warming?
623
00:40:33,180 --> 00:40:35,141
{\an8}[Schneider] If you define
"consensus" as saying
624
00:40:35,224 --> 00:40:37,476
the majority of knowledgeable people
625
00:40:37,560 --> 00:40:39,687
considers it an even bet, I'd say yes,
626
00:40:39,770 --> 00:40:42,565
there certainly is
and probably has been for a decade or so.
627
00:40:42,648 --> 00:40:44,066
[Wirth] Let me ask you, Dr. Hansen,
628
00:40:44,150 --> 00:40:48,487
{\an8}have you ever been asked
to brief, uh, Mr. Sununu
629
00:40:48,571 --> 00:40:51,824
{\an8}or the, uh, White House staff on issues
630
00:40:51,907 --> 00:40:53,534
of global climate change?
631
00:40:53,617 --> 00:40:54,452
No.
632
00:40:54,535 --> 00:40:56,662
- [Wirth] Have you, Dr. Schneider?
- No.
633
00:40:59,248 --> 00:41:02,084
Dr. Hansen, in your statement,
634
00:41:02,168 --> 00:41:08,007
you respond to our request
for scientific understanding
635
00:41:08,674 --> 00:41:15,097
by saying that increases
in greenhouse gases will intensify drought
636
00:41:15,181 --> 00:41:16,724
in the United States.
637
00:41:17,224 --> 00:41:24,190
{\an8}I am, uh, puzzled that you also say
on page four of your statement
638
00:41:24,690 --> 00:41:28,903
that that conclusion
shouldn't be regarded as reliable.
639
00:41:29,695 --> 00:41:34,617
Why do you directly contradict yourself
640
00:41:35,242 --> 00:41:37,286
in the testimony you're giving
641
00:41:37,786 --> 00:41:39,538
about this scientific question?
642
00:41:41,081 --> 00:41:43,542
[Hansen] The… The last paragraph
in that section
643
00:41:43,626 --> 00:41:46,128
which seems to be in contradiction to that
644
00:41:46,212 --> 00:41:48,088
was not a paragraph which I wrote.
645
00:41:48,172 --> 00:41:52,510
That was added to my testimony
in the process of review.
646
00:41:53,552 --> 00:41:56,388
Now if the Bush administration
647
00:41:56,972 --> 00:41:59,975
forced you
to change a scientific conclusion,
648
00:42:00,059 --> 00:42:03,062
it's a form of science fraud by them.
649
00:42:04,063 --> 00:42:10,110
Well, I did object to the addition
of that paragraph because in essence,
650
00:42:10,194 --> 00:42:13,364
it says that I believe
that all the scientific conclusions
651
00:42:13,447 --> 00:42:15,449
that I just discussed are not reliable.
652
00:42:15,533 --> 00:42:17,243
I certainly don't agree with that.
653
00:42:17,826 --> 00:42:21,038
The testimony represents, uh,
my scientific opinion,
654
00:42:21,121 --> 00:42:22,873
not government policy.
655
00:42:23,374 --> 00:42:25,000
I don't believe
656
00:42:25,084 --> 00:42:30,047
that, uh-- that the science aspects
in the testimony should be altered.
657
00:42:30,130 --> 00:42:32,341
With that,
this hearing will stand adjourned.
658
00:42:32,424 --> 00:42:33,300
[gavel clacks]
659
00:42:34,176 --> 00:42:35,427
[journalists clamoring]
660
00:42:35,511 --> 00:42:37,346
[journalist] Are you worried
about retaliation
661
00:42:37,429 --> 00:42:40,558
or that someone
may try to make it rough on you?
662
00:42:40,641 --> 00:42:41,976
Well, I am now.
663
00:42:42,059 --> 00:42:43,394
[chuckling]
664
00:42:43,477 --> 00:42:47,064
I-- I simply don't want
to take a position in the politics.
665
00:42:47,147 --> 00:42:50,442
My job is science.
And that's what I want to do.
666
00:42:50,526 --> 00:42:52,528
And if someone changes
667
00:42:52,611 --> 00:42:54,905
what I feel is my scientific evaluation,
668
00:42:54,989 --> 00:42:57,074
that-- that is the, uh…
669
00:42:57,741 --> 00:42:59,159
a serious problem to me.
670
00:42:59,243 --> 00:43:00,160
Because I…
671
00:43:00,244 --> 00:43:01,870
You know, I live for my science.
672
00:43:01,954 --> 00:43:03,956
[tense string music plays]
673
00:43:10,963 --> 00:43:14,383
[reporter] President Bush was embarrassed
this week by the NASA scientist
674
00:43:14,466 --> 00:43:19,305
who said his testimony on global warming
was softened to minimize the problem.
675
00:43:21,515 --> 00:43:24,268
[Wirth] A few months ago,
the American people were told
676
00:43:24,351 --> 00:43:27,396
that the new administration
would be different from the old.
677
00:43:27,479 --> 00:43:30,107
{\an8}One of the areas
in which great change was expected
678
00:43:30,190 --> 00:43:32,610
{\an8}was in the area
of environmental protection.
679
00:43:32,693 --> 00:43:34,320
{\an8}I'm concerned, Mr. President,
680
00:43:34,403 --> 00:43:37,698
{\an8}that the current administration
is falling into the same pattern
681
00:43:37,781 --> 00:43:41,160
that characterized
the past eight years of negligence.
682
00:43:42,244 --> 00:43:46,040
And although I benefited
from close association
683
00:43:46,123 --> 00:43:50,085
with President Reagan,
I think there are profound differences.
684
00:43:50,711 --> 00:43:51,962
We've got a good team.
685
00:43:52,046 --> 00:43:56,842
I don't think we have really been tested
by fire yet compared to others
686
00:43:56,925 --> 00:43:59,762
that have sat at this desk
in this Oval Office.
687
00:43:59,845 --> 00:44:04,266
But, uh, I'd like to think that
when such a test comes along,
688
00:44:04,350 --> 00:44:08,312
I'll be able to do my best
based on good information
689
00:44:08,395 --> 00:44:10,689
coming from very good people.
690
00:44:12,107 --> 00:44:13,150
[music ends]
691
00:44:14,652 --> 00:44:17,404
[journalist 1] What assurance
can we get that we won't have
692
00:44:17,488 --> 00:44:21,575
a repetition of scientists being muzzled,
as we saw in the case of Jim Hansen?
693
00:44:21,659 --> 00:44:25,454
Well, I think that the concerns
that have been raised about that this week
694
00:44:25,537 --> 00:44:28,791
make it even less likely
that that will be a problem in the future.
695
00:44:28,874 --> 00:44:29,708
Uh-huh.
696
00:44:29,792 --> 00:44:33,170
[journalist 2] How would you characterize
the current view of this administration
697
00:44:33,253 --> 00:44:34,922
about the urgency of global warming?
698
00:44:35,005 --> 00:44:36,882
Is it not terribly urgent right now?
699
00:44:37,633 --> 00:44:40,386
I think the, uh, president is making clear
700
00:44:40,469 --> 00:44:44,848
that, uh, we are giving
a very high priority to global warming.
701
00:44:44,932 --> 00:44:48,143
We intend to engage
the rest of the world on it,
702
00:44:48,227 --> 00:44:50,354
and to, uh, accelerate the science
703
00:44:50,437 --> 00:44:53,691
and, uh, the other work
preparatory to addressing it.
704
00:44:53,774 --> 00:44:57,945
We, uh, are going
to make it an important priority
705
00:44:58,028 --> 00:44:59,279
of our foreign policy.
706
00:44:59,363 --> 00:45:01,782
[journalist 3] I wonder,
are you comfortable in your job,
707
00:45:01,865 --> 00:45:03,158
and how would you rate
708
00:45:03,242 --> 00:45:05,327
the administration's
environmental performance today?
709
00:45:05,411 --> 00:45:07,037
[journalist chuckles]
710
00:45:07,121 --> 00:45:10,582
Well, the answer to those questions
is I'm having a hell of a time,
711
00:45:10,666 --> 00:45:13,711
and I'm very satisfied
with the way things are going.
712
00:45:19,216 --> 00:45:21,802
[intriguing, pleasant piano music plays]
713
00:45:48,328 --> 00:45:50,748
{\an8}I have confidence that political leaders
714
00:45:50,831 --> 00:45:53,208
{\an8}react to perceptions
of their constituents.
715
00:45:56,003 --> 00:46:00,257
That's why I personally as a scientist
feel it's necessary to go to the public,
716
00:46:00,340 --> 00:46:03,177
because when the public
understands and perceives problems,
717
00:46:03,260 --> 00:46:07,347
it's amazing how quickly politicians
will follow with, quote, "leadership."
718
00:46:09,850 --> 00:46:12,436
There's some speculation
that you've actually been helped
719
00:46:12,519 --> 00:46:15,814
in the political climate
by the Valdez oil spill,
720
00:46:15,898 --> 00:46:18,192
by all the talk of the greenhouse effect.
721
00:46:18,275 --> 00:46:21,987
I think that all of that has conditioned
the public to want action,
722
00:46:22,070 --> 00:46:23,614
and the president has proposed it.
723
00:46:24,323 --> 00:46:26,158
So we are very committed
724
00:46:26,241 --> 00:46:28,577
to a significant greenhouse-gas reduction.
725
00:46:28,660 --> 00:46:31,705
We are proposing
some alternative fuel innovations,
726
00:46:31,789 --> 00:46:36,835
which have a much more benign effect
with respect to greenhouse gas
727
00:46:36,919 --> 00:46:39,922
than, uh-- than gasoline,
which-- which they would replace.
728
00:46:40,005 --> 00:46:42,007
[intriguing music playing]
729
00:46:45,093 --> 00:46:48,388
The polls suggest that the people
of the United States are very concerned
730
00:46:48,472 --> 00:46:51,016
about the environment,
as are the people of Western Europe.
731
00:46:51,600 --> 00:46:54,770
There's a higher level of concern
than at any time in our history.
732
00:46:55,896 --> 00:46:57,940
{\an8}[reporter 1] It's being called
the Green Summit
733
00:46:58,023 --> 00:47:00,484
{\an8}because it's the first time
the Group of Seven leaders
734
00:47:00,567 --> 00:47:03,737
{\an8}have made the world environment
such a big priority.
735
00:47:04,696 --> 00:47:06,448
[reporter 2] On the table,
efforts to convene
736
00:47:06,532 --> 00:47:09,535
an international convention
on the greenhouse effect.
737
00:47:10,327 --> 00:47:15,749
We agreed that decisive action
is urgently needed to preserve the Earth.
738
00:47:17,042 --> 00:47:20,587
[Reilly] So we are very committed
to a framework convention or treaty
739
00:47:20,671 --> 00:47:23,882
that will, uh, involve
all of the major countries
740
00:47:23,966 --> 00:47:26,718
{\an8}which emit these gases
to try to get them under some control.
741
00:47:30,514 --> 00:47:35,102
How strongly and closely is President Bush
standing behind you and the EPA?
742
00:47:35,686 --> 00:47:38,355
He was the only one of the leaders
of the Western countries
743
00:47:38,438 --> 00:47:42,234
who had his environment advisor, me,
with him in Paris at the summit.
744
00:47:42,317 --> 00:47:44,319
There's no question,
the president's out there.
745
00:47:44,403 --> 00:47:47,447
- He's not gonna leave you standing alone?
- Absolutely not.
746
00:47:47,531 --> 00:47:50,325
Mr. Reilly, thank you very much
for being with us this morning.
747
00:47:50,409 --> 00:47:51,243
[music ends]
748
00:47:51,326 --> 00:47:52,160
[clunks]
749
00:47:52,244 --> 00:47:53,537
[whirring]
750
00:47:54,705 --> 00:47:56,874
[tense string music plays]
751
00:47:56,957 --> 00:47:58,959
[devices clicking rapidly]
752
00:48:12,431 --> 00:48:14,433
[tense music building slowly]
753
00:48:17,978 --> 00:48:19,730
[wind gusting]
754
00:48:20,564 --> 00:48:22,357
{\an8}- [thunder crashing]
- [cables whipping]
755
00:48:22,441 --> 00:48:24,276
{\an8}- [wind gusting]
- [thunder crashing]
756
00:48:24,359 --> 00:48:25,444
{\an8}[music swelling]
757
00:48:27,946 --> 00:48:29,406
[music softens]
758
00:48:30,824 --> 00:48:32,826
[music becomes melancholy]
759
00:48:43,962 --> 00:48:46,632
This morning
you were showing the devastation
760
00:48:46,715 --> 00:48:49,134
in South Carolina from Hurricane Hugo.
761
00:48:49,217 --> 00:48:50,677
[melancholy music continues]
762
00:48:53,513 --> 00:48:58,727
We can expect that as the Earth warms
that events like Hurricane Hugo,
763
00:48:58,810 --> 00:49:00,729
which normally come every 50 years,
764
00:49:00,812 --> 00:49:02,773
start to come every 25, for example.
765
00:49:02,856 --> 00:49:06,693
But what if I say, "That's all well
and good, but it's still speculation"?
766
00:49:06,777 --> 00:49:08,487
"Come back when you can prove it."
767
00:49:08,570 --> 00:49:12,115
That's true. We can prove it
in the time frame of the next 20 years.
768
00:49:12,199 --> 00:49:14,451
The problem is
we're performing that experiment
769
00:49:14,534 --> 00:49:16,036
on a laboratory called Earth
770
00:49:16,119 --> 00:49:18,455
and we and all living things
are along for the ride.
771
00:49:18,538 --> 00:49:19,957
Dr. Schneider, thank you.
772
00:49:20,040 --> 00:49:21,833
We'll be back after a message.
773
00:49:22,584 --> 00:49:26,088
Hurricane Hugo
doing that damage down there.
774
00:49:26,171 --> 00:49:29,675
Going round and round,
doing that hurricane thing down there.
775
00:49:30,258 --> 00:49:33,971
Natural disaster. Not my fault.
776
00:49:34,888 --> 00:49:39,768
And we will show you our categories
which are deforestation, global warming…
777
00:49:39,851 --> 00:49:42,312
♪ …blowin' out the atmosphere ♪
778
00:49:42,396 --> 00:49:44,398
♪ Greenhouse effect
You wanna live here? ♪
779
00:49:44,481 --> 00:49:46,400
[clacking]
780
00:49:46,483 --> 00:49:47,317
[thud]
781
00:49:47,401 --> 00:49:49,903
[squishing, sloshing]
782
00:49:51,363 --> 00:49:53,615
{\an8}[dramatic sting]
783
00:49:56,952 --> 00:49:58,787
[tense music plays]
784
00:50:40,787 --> 00:50:41,705
[music fades]
785
00:50:41,788 --> 00:50:43,665
[Bush] Here he is, the good doctor.
786
00:50:43,749 --> 00:50:46,209
- Sorry to keep you waiting.
- No problem.
787
00:50:46,793 --> 00:50:48,003
{\an8}I, D. Allan Bromley…
788
00:50:48,086 --> 00:50:49,046
{\an8}…do solemnly swear…
789
00:50:49,129 --> 00:50:50,255
{\an8}…do solemnly swear…
790
00:50:50,338 --> 00:50:51,840
{\an8}…that I'll support and defend…
791
00:50:51,923 --> 00:50:55,302
{\an8}Bill Reilly and Allan Bromley
will be going to the Netherlands
792
00:50:55,385 --> 00:51:00,098
{\an8}in about a week to discuss
with the international community
793
00:51:00,182 --> 00:51:02,267
{\an8}how we can responsibly,
794
00:51:02,350 --> 00:51:05,312
{\an8}and the emphasis is
on that word "responsibly,"
795
00:51:05,812 --> 00:51:09,691
{\an8}address the current status
of understanding of the problem
796
00:51:10,233 --> 00:51:15,489
{\an8}that can constructively deal, uh,
with our obligations across the board.
797
00:51:15,572 --> 00:51:16,782
[ominous music playing]
798
00:51:54,319 --> 00:51:56,321
{\an8}[church bell tolling]
799
00:51:58,406 --> 00:52:00,242
[man in Dutch] 60 environmental ministers
800
00:52:00,325 --> 00:52:02,828
are talking about
what's called "saving the planet."
801
00:52:03,745 --> 00:52:06,289
This is where the first agreements
have to be signed
802
00:52:06,373 --> 00:52:08,708
combating the feared greenhouse effect.
803
00:52:08,792 --> 00:52:11,086
[dramatic string music playing]
804
00:52:15,966 --> 00:52:18,176
[journalist] In Noordwijk,
Minister Nijpels,
805
00:52:18,760 --> 00:52:22,180
what proposals will you be making?
806
00:52:22,264 --> 00:52:23,765
We want to say something
807
00:52:24,266 --> 00:52:27,185
about the reduction of all gases
causing that greenhouse effect,
808
00:52:27,269 --> 00:52:28,145
in particular CO2.
809
00:52:45,912 --> 00:52:47,289
[applause]
810
00:52:51,418 --> 00:52:53,920
{\an8}[reporter 1] Most countries are prepared
811
00:52:54,004 --> 00:52:56,590
{\an8}to stabilize the CO2 emissions
in the year 2000.
812
00:52:57,841 --> 00:53:01,428
[reporter 2] But some Western nations,
together today in the US embassy,
813
00:53:01,511 --> 00:53:05,307
want to form a united front
against such measures.
814
00:53:06,266 --> 00:53:08,393
[journalist in English] You argue,
as I understand,
815
00:53:08,476 --> 00:53:10,103
that we don't know enough.
816
00:53:10,187 --> 00:53:12,731
What's different
from the American perspective?
817
00:53:12,814 --> 00:53:16,902
{\an8}What we would like to have
is a somewhat better understanding
818
00:53:16,985 --> 00:53:19,613
of the economic consequences.
819
00:53:20,113 --> 00:53:23,533
[Alden Meyer] There are very powerful
forces within the Bush administration
820
00:53:23,617 --> 00:53:26,244
that would like to see
no action on this issue
821
00:53:26,328 --> 00:53:29,623
{\an8}and it seems
that our environment minister, Mr. Reilly,
822
00:53:29,706 --> 00:53:33,043
{\an8}does not have the freedom
of action from the White House
823
00:53:33,126 --> 00:53:35,587
{\an8}to make a commitment
to the progressive position
824
00:53:35,670 --> 00:53:37,589
{\an8}put forward by the Dutch government.
825
00:53:39,299 --> 00:53:41,301
[man and woman talking indistinctly]
826
00:53:42,636 --> 00:53:44,596
Is that the final paragraph?
827
00:53:45,096 --> 00:53:47,098
[dramatic string music continues]
828
00:53:56,566 --> 00:53:59,194
[music swelling]
829
00:53:59,277 --> 00:54:00,195
[music ends]
830
00:54:00,278 --> 00:54:02,739
[Tom Brokaw] An international conference
on global warming
831
00:54:02,822 --> 00:54:04,950
failed today
to reach agreement on a proposal
832
00:54:05,033 --> 00:54:07,452
to cut emissions of carbon dioxide,
833
00:54:07,535 --> 00:54:11,164
emissions that scientists say
cause the so-called greenhouse effect.
834
00:54:11,248 --> 00:54:14,084
And the United States' role
in defeating the cutback
835
00:54:14,167 --> 00:54:15,877
raises some serious questions.
836
00:54:15,961 --> 00:54:17,170
[man speaking indistinctly]
837
00:54:17,254 --> 00:54:20,048
[reporter] The proposal
at this first big international conference
838
00:54:20,131 --> 00:54:23,927
on global warming would have set
the year 2000 as a target
839
00:54:24,010 --> 00:54:26,763
{\an8}for reductions
of carbon-dioxide pollution.
840
00:54:26,846 --> 00:54:30,642
{\an8}Sixty-three nations favored that,
only six opposed,
841
00:54:30,725 --> 00:54:32,894
{\an8}led by the United States.
842
00:54:32,978 --> 00:54:34,646
{\an8}What happened in between?
843
00:54:34,729 --> 00:54:38,275
Chief of Staff John Sununu
and Science Advisor Allan Bromley
844
00:54:38,358 --> 00:54:42,028
{\an8}have persuaded the president
that more study of the problem is needed.
845
00:54:42,112 --> 00:54:43,530
{\an8}[ominous music playing]
846
00:54:43,613 --> 00:54:48,201
Bush's go-slow attitude is a win
for White House Chief of Staff John Sununu
847
00:54:48,285 --> 00:54:49,119
and the defeat
848
00:54:49,202 --> 00:54:51,288
for his Environmental
Protection Administrator,
849
00:54:51,371 --> 00:54:52,539
William Reilly.
850
00:54:53,039 --> 00:54:55,000
[journalist] What the world
was watching so closely
851
00:54:55,083 --> 00:54:59,546
was whether the United States
would accept specific targets,
852
00:54:59,629 --> 00:55:03,258
namely a stabilization
of CO2 emissions by the year 2000.
853
00:55:03,341 --> 00:55:06,136
{\an8}- Will we accept that?
- We will not agree to that here.
854
00:55:06,219 --> 00:55:10,140
{\an8}We accept that stabilization
of greenhouse-gas emissions is a goal.
855
00:55:10,223 --> 00:55:14,436
Mr. Reilly, if we accept it as a goal,
if we accept the necessity of it,
856
00:55:14,519 --> 00:55:17,814
the need for it,
why not set a target date?
857
00:55:17,897 --> 00:55:20,483
We hope to negotiate it
sometime beginning next year.
858
00:55:20,567 --> 00:55:23,361
We'll be fully prepared
to play our role at that time.
859
00:55:24,487 --> 00:55:26,114
[static crackling]
860
00:55:26,740 --> 00:55:27,949
[music fades]
861
00:55:31,870 --> 00:55:33,121
[wind gusting]
862
00:55:40,211 --> 00:55:42,047
{\an8}[Schneider] There's been
a perceptible change
863
00:55:42,547 --> 00:55:46,051
in terms of their resistance
that seems to come from the, uh…
864
00:55:46,134 --> 00:55:48,970
from the, uh, chief of staff, uh,
on this question.
865
00:55:49,054 --> 00:55:52,098
At least that's my perception
from-- from a distance.
866
00:55:53,058 --> 00:55:55,143
- [man] This is really depressing.
- Yeah.
867
00:55:55,226 --> 00:55:56,853
I've tried!
868
00:55:56,936 --> 00:55:59,189
But remember, this is not my view.
869
00:55:59,272 --> 00:56:02,984
This is not in comparison to the last one,
an ideological administration.
870
00:56:03,068 --> 00:56:06,112
This is more of--
There are ideological figures like Sununu,
871
00:56:06,196 --> 00:56:08,531
but there's much more
of a political administration.
872
00:56:08,615 --> 00:56:13,578
And I really think that until the public
demands something to be done,
873
00:56:13,661 --> 00:56:15,372
they are going to deal with
874
00:56:15,455 --> 00:56:17,999
a particular wing
of their party for political purposes.
875
00:56:18,083 --> 00:56:20,335
That's my view.
I don't think it's a conspiracy.
876
00:56:20,418 --> 00:56:22,879
They'll get away with it
as long as they can.
877
00:56:23,963 --> 00:56:25,965
[intriguing string music plays]
878
00:56:32,472 --> 00:56:35,892
[man 1] I've got-- Susan,
I've got one little hair up on top.
879
00:56:37,685 --> 00:56:38,728
[man 2] What I got?
880
00:56:39,229 --> 00:56:41,231
[people talking indistinctly]
881
00:56:42,357 --> 00:56:43,608
[camera shutter clicks]
882
00:56:46,277 --> 00:56:49,447
[reporter] Administration sources
describe a fierce internal debate
883
00:56:49,531 --> 00:56:51,991
over how to frame
the global-warming issue,
884
00:56:52,075 --> 00:56:54,244
pitting, among others, Sununu against
885
00:56:54,327 --> 00:56:58,039
Environmental Protection Agency
Administrator William Reilly.
886
00:56:58,790 --> 00:57:00,792
[helicopter blades whirring]
887
00:57:11,344 --> 00:57:12,512
[journalist] Mr. President.
888
00:57:12,595 --> 00:57:15,932
Many in the environmental community
are questioning your commitment
889
00:57:16,015 --> 00:57:20,228
as an environmentalist because
of the continuing reports of infighting
890
00:57:20,311 --> 00:57:24,274
between your chief of staff
and your EPA administrator,
891
00:57:24,357 --> 00:57:27,694
over watering down such things
as global warming.
892
00:57:27,777 --> 00:57:30,738
- What do you say to that?
- I say they're wrong.
893
00:57:30,822 --> 00:57:32,282
You can't play to the extremes.
894
00:57:32,365 --> 00:57:34,451
Our EPA chief is doing a great job.
895
00:57:34,534 --> 00:57:36,995
My chief of staff is doing a great job.
896
00:57:37,078 --> 00:57:38,788
And, you know, this… [scoffs]
897
00:57:38,872 --> 00:57:43,501
…this always trying to get
on the inside-baseball stuff.
898
00:57:43,585 --> 00:57:46,129
The American people
are not interested in that.
899
00:57:46,212 --> 00:57:48,214
[intriguing string music continues]
900
00:57:57,390 --> 00:58:00,894
Some people believe that you think
you're the assistant president of the US
901
00:58:00,977 --> 00:58:03,563
and they cite as the most recent example
902
00:58:03,646 --> 00:58:07,442
your writing of the president's policy
on global warming.
903
00:58:11,613 --> 00:58:15,158
{\an8}There's a little, uh, tendency
by some of the faceless bureaucrats
904
00:58:15,241 --> 00:58:18,328
{\an8}on the environmental side
to try and create a policy in this country
905
00:58:18,411 --> 00:58:21,831
that cuts off our use
of coal, oil, and natural gas.
906
00:58:21,915 --> 00:58:25,126
I don't think America wants
not to be able to use their automobiles.
907
00:58:25,210 --> 00:58:27,337
Most of the folks
that have taken positions
908
00:58:27,420 --> 00:58:29,839
on environmental issues
are really establishing
909
00:58:29,923 --> 00:58:31,341
an anti-growth position.
910
00:58:32,091 --> 00:58:33,051
And I'm convinced
911
00:58:33,134 --> 00:58:37,055
you can take care of your responsibilities
to the environment without being
912
00:58:37,138 --> 00:58:39,599
anti-growth, anti-jobs, anti-America.
913
00:58:43,019 --> 00:58:45,563
[interviewer] How much influence
do you have on policy?
914
00:58:45,647 --> 00:58:48,983
My job is to make sure that in the time
we have available for the president,
915
00:58:49,067 --> 00:58:51,819
he gets everybody in there
that he wants to get in there.
916
00:58:51,903 --> 00:58:54,781
So I'm a door opener, not a door closer.
917
00:58:54,864 --> 00:58:56,866
[intriguing string music continues]
918
00:59:28,189 --> 00:59:32,986
[male interviewer] You're a man
of known intellect and strong opinions,
919
00:59:33,069 --> 00:59:35,989
and you hear advice that you disagree with
and you say, "Fine"?
920
00:59:36,072 --> 00:59:38,950
I know the president's
smart enough to act-- to ask
921
00:59:39,033 --> 00:59:42,870
when, uh, he thinks I can make
a contribution, and he does occasionally.
922
00:59:43,413 --> 00:59:44,372
[music ends]
923
00:59:45,540 --> 00:59:46,791
[Bush] Come in, Brad.
924
00:59:46,874 --> 00:59:48,876
[tense music plays]
925
01:00:19,240 --> 01:00:21,284
The climate is always fluctuating,
926
01:00:21,367 --> 01:00:25,705
{\an8}and there is nothing in what we have seen
in the last hundred years
927
01:00:25,788 --> 01:00:28,625
{\an8}that looks any different
from these fluctuations.
928
01:00:30,960 --> 01:00:33,254
{\an8}It hasn't warmed up
as much as it should have,
929
01:00:33,338 --> 01:00:36,591
{\an8}and that's the real problem
with the greenhouse dilemma.
930
01:00:36,674 --> 01:00:38,676
[ominous music plays]
931
01:00:40,928 --> 01:00:43,973
[Fred Singer] There is
no real scientific support
932
01:00:44,057 --> 01:00:48,227
{\an8}for the so-called
global greenhouse warming.
933
01:01:00,448 --> 01:01:01,699
[music fades]
934
01:01:01,783 --> 01:01:04,535
This is not,
you should understand, a close call.
935
01:01:04,619 --> 01:01:08,039
It's not as though US scientists
are evenly divided
936
01:01:08,122 --> 01:01:10,124
or even close to being evenly divided.
937
01:01:11,000 --> 01:01:15,421
Dr. Fred Singer has received
consulting fees from Exxon.
938
01:01:22,762 --> 01:01:26,724
Professor Michaels is editor
of the World Climate Review,
939
01:01:26,808 --> 01:01:30,353
which is funded
by the Western Fuels Association,
940
01:01:30,436 --> 01:01:33,064
a consortium of coal utilities.
941
01:02:07,765 --> 01:02:09,058
Those views, in turn,
942
01:02:09,142 --> 01:02:10,435
are quoted often
943
01:02:10,518 --> 01:02:16,149
and admiringly by the popular archdeacon
of conservatism himself, Rush Limbaugh.
944
01:02:16,733 --> 01:02:19,068
Humans are not destroying the Earth.
945
01:02:19,569 --> 01:02:21,404
We are not causing global warming.
946
01:02:21,487 --> 01:02:24,240
I'm trying to attract
the largest audience I can…
947
01:02:24,323 --> 01:02:25,241
[crowd cheering]
948
01:02:25,324 --> 01:02:27,577
…and hold it for as long as I can.
949
01:02:28,161 --> 01:02:29,704
This is a business.
950
01:02:30,288 --> 01:02:33,374
{\an8}I can produce as many scientists
who say there is not global warming
951
01:02:33,458 --> 01:02:35,251
{\an8}as they can who say there is.
952
01:02:35,334 --> 01:02:39,005
Pat Michaels, University of Virginia,
is one that I rely on.
953
01:02:40,298 --> 01:02:43,760
[Ted Koppel] And you wouldn't expect
the folks at Western Fuels to be too upset
954
01:02:43,843 --> 01:02:48,639
if the scientists they're funding
were to conclude that emissions of CO2
955
01:02:48,723 --> 01:02:50,725
is actually good for the environment.
956
01:02:51,225 --> 01:02:53,144
[woman] The year 2085,
957
01:02:53,227 --> 01:02:58,941
the atmospheric level of carbon dioxide
has doubled to 540 parts per million.
958
01:02:59,025 --> 01:03:01,152
What kind of world have we created?
959
01:03:01,235 --> 01:03:03,613
{\an8}A doubling of the CO2 content
of the atmosphere
960
01:03:03,696 --> 01:03:07,116
{\an8}will produce
a tremendous greening of planet Earth.
961
01:03:07,200 --> 01:03:09,202
[TV show theme music plays]
962
01:03:14,290 --> 01:03:17,627
{\an8}[Al Gore] Your, uh, film,
which has been widely circulated,
963
01:03:18,628 --> 01:03:21,756
{\an8}by the coal industry and by OPEC,
964
01:03:22,423 --> 01:03:25,760
{\an8}uh, was financed by the coal industry.
965
01:03:25,843 --> 01:03:26,803
{\an8}Is that correct?
966
01:03:26,886 --> 01:03:27,845
{\an8}It was.
967
01:03:28,346 --> 01:03:32,600
{\an8}And it was made by a company
which you established on the side.
968
01:03:32,683 --> 01:03:33,893
Is that correct?
969
01:03:33,976 --> 01:03:35,394
It was…
970
01:03:35,478 --> 01:03:40,358
It was, uh, helped to be made by a company
which I established on the side,
971
01:03:40,441 --> 01:03:44,320
which I haven't been associated with
for about a year now.
972
01:03:44,403 --> 01:03:46,322
Who's the head of that company?
973
01:03:46,405 --> 01:03:47,698
My wife.
974
01:03:48,199 --> 01:03:52,078
[Koppel] But what do we have here?
Is science for sale?
975
01:03:52,161 --> 01:03:54,288
[morose music playing]
976
01:03:57,667 --> 01:04:00,253
[man] It's a real pleasure
to have Steve Schneider.
977
01:04:00,336 --> 01:04:02,088
{\an8}[applause]
978
01:04:06,175 --> 01:04:07,218
{\an8}Thank you, John.
979
01:04:07,718 --> 01:04:10,888
The issue of the greenhouse effect
and global warming was so obscure
980
01:04:10,972 --> 01:04:14,267
in most of the public's mind before
the heat waves and droughts and fires,
981
01:04:14,350 --> 01:04:17,562
and then all of a sudden
there was a blitz in the media
982
01:04:17,645 --> 01:04:20,064
of various critics saying,
"Oh, it ain't so."
983
01:04:20,147 --> 01:04:25,319
{\an8}Here's a typical example from one
of the more literate scientific journals.
984
01:04:25,403 --> 01:04:27,405
[crowd laughs]
985
01:04:28,823 --> 01:04:29,657
What?
986
01:04:30,241 --> 01:04:33,077
Did somebody kick the plug out of that?
987
01:04:33,995 --> 01:04:37,123
Somebody from Forbes here
want to plug that back in?
988
01:04:37,206 --> 01:04:39,125
[crowd chuckling]
989
01:04:39,208 --> 01:04:41,210
Perhaps Governor Sununu is here.
990
01:04:41,294 --> 01:04:42,712
- Ah, okay.
- [crowd laughs]
991
01:04:45,381 --> 01:04:47,383
{\an8}[dramatic string music building slowly]
992
01:04:49,176 --> 01:04:51,971
{\an8}The ones who denied there
was seriousness in global warming,
993
01:04:53,347 --> 01:04:55,975
they were essentially handed a very big
994
01:04:56,058 --> 01:04:58,394
and loud megaphone
by the fossil-fuel industry
995
01:04:58,477 --> 01:05:00,688
and by John Sununu
and the Bush administration.
996
01:05:00,771 --> 01:05:01,606
[music fades]
997
01:05:01,689 --> 01:05:04,567
And that's when a lot of ugliness began.
998
01:05:04,650 --> 01:05:07,945
- [theme music plays]
- [announcer] Tonight, "Hell on Earth."
999
01:05:08,029 --> 01:05:10,823
How can you as a responsible scientist
look me in the eye?
1000
01:05:10,907 --> 01:05:12,783
You know what CO2 does in the atmosphere.
1001
01:05:12,867 --> 01:05:14,327
You know what the properties are…
1002
01:05:14,410 --> 01:05:16,120
- I know what it does.
- Doesn't it bother you?
1003
01:05:16,203 --> 01:05:19,248
I'm going to tell the people
something they probably don't know.
1004
01:05:19,332 --> 01:05:22,460
We are probably not going to reduce
carbon-dioxide concentration
1005
01:05:22,543 --> 01:05:24,879
in the atmosphere by much
over the next 30 years.
1006
01:05:24,962 --> 01:05:26,714
You want to gut the world's economy.
1007
01:05:26,797 --> 01:05:28,591
It's not gutting the world's economy.
1008
01:05:28,674 --> 01:05:31,135
What do you say we do? Just sit around?
1009
01:05:31,218 --> 01:05:33,971
Hold one.
I want to finish this guy off. Okay.
1010
01:05:34,597 --> 01:05:36,057
Pat, it's ridiculous.
1011
01:05:36,557 --> 01:05:39,894
{\an8}Dr. Lindzen's opinions are not only
on the scientific fringe,
1012
01:05:39,977 --> 01:05:41,979
but according
to the recent satellite data,
1013
01:05:42,063 --> 01:05:43,105
probably wrong.
1014
01:05:43,189 --> 01:05:45,566
Dr. Lindzen, he says you're on the fringe.
1015
01:05:46,150 --> 01:05:48,903
Well, I think that's a curious statement.
1016
01:05:48,986 --> 01:05:51,030
Where is your last computer model?
1017
01:05:51,113 --> 01:05:54,367
Computer models
are not the only way to do research.
1018
01:05:54,450 --> 01:05:56,285
[Oppenheimer] You're not
at the cutting edge.
1019
01:05:56,369 --> 01:05:57,370
[host] Gentlemen…
1020
01:05:59,080 --> 01:06:01,082
[scattered applause]
1021
01:06:04,627 --> 01:06:06,629
- [applause]
- [talking indistinctly]
1022
01:06:09,924 --> 01:06:10,925
[Bush] Thank you.
1023
01:06:14,595 --> 01:06:16,055
Thank you very much.
1024
01:06:18,265 --> 01:06:20,351
Please be seated and welcome.
1025
01:06:21,769 --> 01:06:26,983
Some of you may have seen two scientists
just on one of our talk shows on Sunday.
1026
01:06:27,066 --> 01:06:31,028
One scientist argued
that if we keep burning fossil fuels
1027
01:06:31,112 --> 01:06:32,405
at today's rate,
1028
01:06:32,488 --> 01:06:34,907
by the end of the next century,
1029
01:06:34,991 --> 01:06:37,743
Earth could be nine degrees Fahrenheit
1030
01:06:37,827 --> 01:06:39,370
warmer than today.
1031
01:06:40,037 --> 01:06:43,332
And the other scientist
saw no evidence of rapid change.
1032
01:06:44,417 --> 01:06:48,879
Two scientists,
two diametrically opposed points of view.
1033
01:06:49,797 --> 01:06:51,465
Now where does that leave us?
1034
01:06:52,133 --> 01:06:54,135
[dramatic string music plays]
1035
01:07:00,099 --> 01:07:02,101
[automatic gunfire]
1036
01:07:09,066 --> 01:07:10,568
[Jennings] Anyone who says this crisis
1037
01:07:10,651 --> 01:07:13,738
isn't in very large measure
about oil is simply mistaken.
1038
01:07:14,238 --> 01:07:17,783
The US alone
gets 23% of its oil from here.
1039
01:07:17,867 --> 01:07:18,743
[crowd cheering]
1040
01:07:18,826 --> 01:07:22,913
So he who controls the oil
has enormous power.
1041
01:07:25,750 --> 01:07:30,171
[Bush] Our jobs,
our way of life, our own freedom
1042
01:07:30,254 --> 01:07:33,340
would all suffer if control
1043
01:07:33,424 --> 01:07:35,468
of the world's great oil reserves
1044
01:07:35,551 --> 01:07:39,138
fell into the hands of that one man,
Saddam Hussein.
1045
01:07:39,638 --> 01:07:43,350
{\an8}[reporter] So far the American public,
predictably but overwhelmingly,
1046
01:07:43,434 --> 01:07:46,562
{\an8}is rallying around the president
during this crisis,
1047
01:07:46,645 --> 01:07:48,647
{\an8}with his support rising sharply.
1048
01:07:48,731 --> 01:07:53,569
[chanting] USA! USA! USA! USA!
1049
01:07:53,652 --> 01:07:56,614
The question is,
does the US really need to rush
1050
01:07:56,697 --> 01:07:59,325
to the Middle East in defense of oil?
1051
01:07:59,408 --> 01:08:01,410
[dramatic string music continues]
1052
01:08:42,993 --> 01:08:44,411
[music fading]
1053
01:08:44,495 --> 01:08:46,997
[Schneider] Despite the controversy
over the greenhouse effect,
1054
01:08:47,081 --> 01:08:48,582
there are things we know well.
1055
01:08:48,666 --> 01:08:51,836
The concentrations of gases
like carbon dioxide and methane
1056
01:08:51,919 --> 01:08:53,504
are at historic high levels,
1057
01:08:54,004 --> 01:08:56,340
higher than in the recent geologic past,
1058
01:08:56,423 --> 01:08:58,676
the 160,000-year record of the ice cores.
1059
01:08:58,759 --> 01:09:00,761
[gentle piano music plays]
1060
01:09:04,348 --> 01:09:06,350
[whirring, clacking]
1061
01:09:16,110 --> 01:09:20,698
[Hansen] And you measure the amount
of CO2 and gases trapped in glaciers,
1062
01:09:20,781 --> 01:09:23,242
it suggests that about 100 years ago,
1063
01:09:23,325 --> 01:09:25,452
there was about 25% less
1064
01:09:25,536 --> 01:09:27,496
{\an8}of the CO2 in the atmosphere.
1065
01:09:42,803 --> 01:09:44,805
{\an8}[music becomes intriguing]
1066
01:09:53,480 --> 01:09:55,274
So far in 1991,
1067
01:09:55,357 --> 01:09:58,152
the temperature is about seven-tenths
of a degree Fahrenheit
1068
01:09:58,235 --> 01:10:01,447
above the 1950-to-1980 average.
1069
01:10:01,530 --> 01:10:04,283
That would make this
the second-warmest year on record,
1070
01:10:04,366 --> 01:10:06,785
second only to 1990.
1071
01:10:06,869 --> 01:10:08,996
But why
all this unseasonably mild weather?
1072
01:10:09,079 --> 01:10:11,957
George Lindsay Young is here
to look at that question.
1073
01:10:12,041 --> 01:10:14,376
Some would say
the answer is global warming,
1074
01:10:14,460 --> 01:10:16,837
but that depends on who you ask.
1075
01:10:17,880 --> 01:10:20,674
[Schneider] The problem now
is you have a public that isn't certain,
1076
01:10:20,758 --> 01:10:24,220
listening in to a debate
being translated through the media
1077
01:10:24,303 --> 01:10:27,640
and the public thinks we are all fighting
with each other constantly.
1078
01:10:28,557 --> 01:10:29,934
{\an8}A lot of people, I think,
1079
01:10:30,017 --> 01:10:32,311
have gotten confused by that debate.
1080
01:10:32,811 --> 01:10:35,105
How can we, as a democracy, work
1081
01:10:35,189 --> 01:10:38,859
if we can't send signals
to our political leaders about what to do
1082
01:10:38,943 --> 01:10:42,196
because we're so confused about things
that it's hard to know ourselves?
1083
01:10:42,279 --> 01:10:44,281
[music fading]
1084
01:10:58,629 --> 01:10:59,922
[Brokaw] There is a warning flag
1085
01:11:00,005 --> 01:11:02,925
in our latest
NBC News Wall Street Journal poll.
1086
01:11:03,425 --> 01:11:06,345
The president's approval rating,
although it's still very high,
1087
01:11:06,428 --> 01:11:10,724
it is down nine points from last month,
to its lowest level all year.
1088
01:11:10,808 --> 01:11:13,310
[female reporter] And the economy
clearly is the problem.
1089
01:11:13,394 --> 01:11:15,980
Only 8% agree
with the president's assessment
1090
01:11:16,063 --> 01:11:17,481
that things are improving.
1091
01:11:17,564 --> 01:11:20,192
44% say they're getting worse.
1092
01:11:20,276 --> 01:11:21,777
{\an8}But with numbers like these,
1093
01:11:21,860 --> 01:11:24,154
{\an8}there's a sense here
that something has to give.
1094
01:11:27,408 --> 01:11:29,326
[static crackling]
1095
01:11:33,038 --> 01:11:35,165
[chorus vocalizing]
1096
01:11:37,251 --> 01:11:39,670
[James Earl Jones] On June 1st, 1992,
1097
01:11:39,753 --> 01:11:42,172
world leaders
from almost every nation on the planet
1098
01:11:42,256 --> 01:11:45,968
will converge on Rio de Janeiro
for the first-ever Earth Summit.
1099
01:11:46,468 --> 01:11:48,137
Held by the United Nations,
1100
01:11:48,220 --> 01:11:49,763
these leaders will sign treaties
1101
01:11:49,847 --> 01:11:52,808
that will determine
the future of our global environment.
1102
01:11:52,891 --> 01:11:55,644
At stake is the entire human race.
1103
01:11:56,145 --> 01:11:59,189
Problem is,
our own president may not participate.
1104
01:11:59,857 --> 01:12:01,650
[reporter] It's been showing
on movie screens
1105
01:12:01,734 --> 01:12:03,902
in more than 500 theaters
across the country,
1106
01:12:03,986 --> 01:12:08,157
a commercial made to look like
a coming attraction for the apocalypse.
1107
01:12:08,240 --> 01:12:10,576
The minute-and-a-half movie's inspired
1108
01:12:10,659 --> 01:12:13,162
more than 5,000 telegrams
to the president.
1109
01:12:13,245 --> 01:12:15,914
But Mr. Bush hasn't said
if he'll go to the summit.
1110
01:12:15,998 --> 01:12:18,125
It's not easy to not go or to go.
1111
01:12:18,208 --> 01:12:20,794
I mean,
you just have to sort these things out.
1112
01:12:21,378 --> 01:12:23,505
{\an8}Sources say the administration is debating
1113
01:12:23,589 --> 01:12:26,884
{\an8}whether it can actually stabilize
global-warming gases.
1114
01:12:26,967 --> 01:12:30,929
For the first time, there's a feeling
that such a plan is possible
1115
01:12:31,013 --> 01:12:33,098
and need not crush the economy.
1116
01:12:33,182 --> 01:12:35,184
[intriguing music plays]
1117
01:12:36,602 --> 01:12:39,229
What's allowed this debate
even to take place
1118
01:12:39,313 --> 01:12:42,775
is the departure of John Sununu
as chief of staff.
1119
01:12:42,858 --> 01:12:44,360
[Sununu] He's going into a campaign,
1120
01:12:44,443 --> 01:12:47,946
{\an8}he doesn't need an extra political target
that folks would be shooting at.
1121
01:12:48,030 --> 01:12:50,157
{\an8}It's best for the president
that I move on.
1122
01:12:51,241 --> 01:12:54,870
{\an8}[Ned Potter] They say he was
so anti-environment and so intimidating
1123
01:12:54,953 --> 01:12:57,331
that nobody dared tangle with him.
1124
01:12:59,500 --> 01:13:02,669
William Reilly and his team
at the Environmental Protection Agency
1125
01:13:02,753 --> 01:13:04,713
are hardly faceless now.
1126
01:13:05,214 --> 01:13:08,509
They are hoping to show the White House
how a range of measures
1127
01:13:08,592 --> 01:13:12,096
could stabilize America's output
of carbon dioxide.
1128
01:13:12,596 --> 01:13:14,598
[birds chirping]
1129
01:13:17,810 --> 01:13:20,521
- [man] Good morning, Mr. President.
- [Bush] Welcome, environmentalists.
1130
01:13:20,604 --> 01:13:22,481
- [men laugh]
- [Bush] Of all stripes.
1131
01:13:22,564 --> 01:13:25,275
[men talking indistinctly]
1132
01:13:25,359 --> 01:13:28,278
- Come on, sit down here.
- [man] I want people over here.
1133
01:13:28,362 --> 01:13:30,864
Here, slide in.
I thought sitting here might be easier.
1134
01:13:30,948 --> 01:13:32,741
We could all be in the shot.
1135
01:13:32,825 --> 01:13:36,245
So I really want to, uh,
thank Bill Reilly,
1136
01:13:37,246 --> 01:13:38,914
thank the secretary,
1137
01:13:39,415 --> 01:13:42,793
thank the chairman,
Mike Deland, for coming over,
1138
01:13:43,293 --> 01:13:45,587
and to say I look forward
to working with them
1139
01:13:46,088 --> 01:13:48,298
and the other members of the cabinet
to win support
1140
01:13:48,382 --> 01:13:50,509
for this budget on Capitol Hill
1141
01:13:50,592 --> 01:13:54,888
and for continuing to be
responsible stewards of the environment.
1142
01:13:54,972 --> 01:13:57,850
[journalist] Mr. President,
is this at all reflective
1143
01:13:57,933 --> 01:14:01,645
of the, uh, perhaps concern
about dropping polls?
1144
01:14:01,728 --> 01:14:04,398
- Are you concerned about falling polls?
- No.
1145
01:14:04,481 --> 01:14:07,651
We're in an election year
and you get all kinds of charges,
1146
01:14:07,734 --> 01:14:09,820
and I think we're just going to keep on.
1147
01:14:09,903 --> 01:14:14,074
And… Polls? My heaven,
seem to go up one day and down the next.
1148
01:14:14,158 --> 01:14:16,702
Anybody have any questions
on the environment here?
1149
01:14:16,785 --> 01:14:18,704
[all laughing]
1150
01:14:18,787 --> 01:14:21,165
Domestic environment questions.
1151
01:14:21,248 --> 01:14:23,250
[speaking indistinctly]
1152
01:14:23,333 --> 01:14:25,335
["Losing my Religion" by R.E.M. plays]
1153
01:14:27,671 --> 01:14:30,215
What issue matters to you most
in this upcoming election?
1154
01:14:30,299 --> 01:14:31,383
What one issue?
1155
01:14:31,467 --> 01:14:33,260
I think the economy is very important.
1156
01:14:33,343 --> 01:14:35,012
- Environment.
- The economy.
1157
01:14:35,095 --> 01:14:37,222
The economy always plays
a role in any election.
1158
01:14:37,306 --> 01:14:42,603
♪ Oh, life is bigger ♪
1159
01:14:43,645 --> 01:14:46,023
♪ It's bigger than you ♪
1160
01:14:46,106 --> 01:14:48,233
♪ And you are not me… ♪
1161
01:14:48,984 --> 01:14:51,820
[man] Times are really hard.
Everybody's getting laid off.
1162
01:14:51,904 --> 01:14:53,280
Everybody's looking for a job.
1163
01:14:53,363 --> 01:14:55,949
♪ The distance in your eyes ♪
1164
01:14:59,203 --> 01:15:00,329
♪ Oh no… ♪
1165
01:15:00,412 --> 01:15:03,373
{\an8}It's scary that he would
have to go to the hospital.
1166
01:15:03,457 --> 01:15:05,459
{\an8}We'd have to think
before we could send him
1167
01:15:05,542 --> 01:15:08,545
{\an8}because we wouldn't have
the money to pay the bills.
1168
01:15:08,629 --> 01:15:10,964
♪ That's me in the corner ♪
1169
01:15:12,591 --> 01:15:15,761
♪ That's me in the spotlight ♪
1170
01:15:15,844 --> 01:15:18,889
♪ Losing my religion ♪
1171
01:15:22,017 --> 01:15:25,687
With all that's going on, I don't feel
like President Bush is in control.
1172
01:15:26,647 --> 01:15:31,068
A new poll out today puts President Bush's
approval rating at an all-time low.
1173
01:15:31,151 --> 01:15:32,277
[song ends]
1174
01:15:41,203 --> 01:15:43,205
[tense music plays]
1175
01:15:51,547 --> 01:15:52,589
[music fading]
1176
01:15:52,673 --> 01:15:54,675
{\an8}[indistinct conversations]
1177
01:16:04,434 --> 01:16:06,728
Good afternoon
and welcome to the Cato Institute
1178
01:16:06,812 --> 01:16:08,146
and our policy forum today.
1179
01:16:08,230 --> 01:16:11,608
"The End of the World as We Know It:
The Apocalypse Lobby Goes to Rio."
1180
01:16:11,692 --> 01:16:13,902
{\an8}[intriguing string music plays]
1181
01:16:13,986 --> 01:16:16,947
{\an8}The global warming treaty
is a disaster for the United States.
1182
01:16:17,030 --> 01:16:19,658
{\an8}It offers absolutely nothing
for the people of America
1183
01:16:19,741 --> 01:16:21,493
and it will reduce us
1184
01:16:21,577 --> 01:16:24,037
to some previous level
of wealth and health.
1185
01:16:24,121 --> 01:16:26,540
{\an8}And this is-- this is eco-imperialism.
1186
01:16:26,623 --> 01:16:29,251
{\an8}This is, uh, what Rio is really all about.
1187
01:16:30,836 --> 01:16:34,423
{\an8}There seems to be
a movement by the very liberal Democrats
1188
01:16:34,506 --> 01:16:36,967
{\an8}and some extremists
in the environmental movement
1189
01:16:37,050 --> 01:16:40,262
that somehow the only answer
to having a good environment
1190
01:16:40,345 --> 01:16:42,097
is stop all progress and all growth.
1191
01:16:44,266 --> 01:16:45,392
[static crackles]
1192
01:16:45,976 --> 01:16:48,437
[Limbaugh] Humans are
not causing global warming.
1193
01:16:48,520 --> 01:16:53,358
And the environmental movement
as fueled by the militants who lead it,
1194
01:16:53,442 --> 01:16:56,111
uh, I think is the new home of socialism.
1195
01:16:56,987 --> 01:16:59,489
{\an8}I think we need to educate
the American public
1196
01:16:59,573 --> 01:17:01,575
{\an8}about what is in fact going on
1197
01:17:01,658 --> 01:17:03,368
with the abuse of science.
1198
01:17:03,452 --> 01:17:06,580
And, uh, we need to do this now.
1199
01:17:06,663 --> 01:17:09,124
- [people chanting]
- [intriguing music plays]
1200
01:17:13,587 --> 01:17:17,466
[woman] Most people don't go
for all this environmental stuff.
1201
01:17:17,549 --> 01:17:21,136
It's these commie liberals or whatever,
worrying about this stuff,
1202
01:17:21,219 --> 01:17:22,387
and it's not a reality.
1203
01:17:22,471 --> 01:17:25,098
- [man] We can!
- [crowd] We can!
1204
01:17:25,182 --> 01:17:27,351
[radio host] Back to the phones. Go ahead.
1205
01:17:27,434 --> 01:17:29,436
[woman] We are not suffering
global warming.
1206
01:17:29,519 --> 01:17:32,564
Liberal Democrats
are gonna destroy our economy,
1207
01:17:32,648 --> 01:17:35,484
and this is the new socialist agenda.
1208
01:17:35,567 --> 01:17:38,820
{\an8}- We are 550 coal miners!
- [people cheer]
1209
01:17:38,904 --> 01:17:42,115
{\an8}[people chanting] Save our jobs!
Save our jobs!
1210
01:17:42,199 --> 01:17:43,784
We're talking about jobs.
1211
01:17:43,867 --> 01:17:45,994
Right. But there's also the future too.
1212
01:17:46,078 --> 01:17:47,329
[tense music playing]
1213
01:17:47,412 --> 01:17:50,374
- [reporter] Anti-environmentalists.
- Please don't take our jobs away!
1214
01:17:50,457 --> 01:17:54,836
[reporter] They're organizing
into a powerful nationwide coalition.
1215
01:17:56,421 --> 01:17:57,464
This country, they say,
1216
01:17:57,547 --> 01:18:00,717
can no longer afford
to save the Earth at all costs.
1217
01:18:00,801 --> 01:18:01,760
[people clamoring]
1218
01:18:01,843 --> 01:18:03,595
- [object shatters]
- [woman screams]
1219
01:18:03,679 --> 01:18:05,013
[music ends]
1220
01:18:08,975 --> 01:18:10,977
[applause, cheers]
1221
01:18:11,061 --> 01:18:15,232
{\an8}You may have read about the Rio conference
on the environment.
1222
01:18:15,315 --> 01:18:16,608
{\an8}Uh…
1223
01:18:16,692 --> 01:18:21,571
{\an8}I have withheld commitment to go there
because it seemed to me
1224
01:18:21,655 --> 01:18:25,158
{\an8}that what we had to do
before committing to go
1225
01:18:25,242 --> 01:18:28,328
is to work out sound environmental policy.
1226
01:18:28,412 --> 01:18:32,082
{\an8}But I also wanted
an underpinning of sound economic policy.
1227
01:18:32,165 --> 01:18:33,667
[intriguing music plays]
1228
01:18:33,750 --> 01:18:36,503
[reporter] Pressure on Mr. Bush
comes at home and abroad
1229
01:18:36,586 --> 01:18:39,464
from his political opponents
and from the United Nations
1230
01:18:39,548 --> 01:18:42,759
because the United States
spews out more carbon dioxide
1231
01:18:42,843 --> 01:18:44,720
than any country on Earth.
1232
01:18:45,220 --> 01:18:51,017
{\an8}I think it's embarrassing to our country
that President Bush is the only leader
1233
01:18:51,101 --> 01:18:53,353
{\an8}of a major country in the entire world
1234
01:18:53,437 --> 01:18:58,108
{\an8}who is still refusing to go
to the Earth Summit this June in Brazil.
1235
01:18:58,191 --> 01:18:59,025
{\an8}And now--
1236
01:18:59,109 --> 01:19:02,195
Mr. Reilly says he's not refusing,
but he's considering.
1237
01:19:02,279 --> 01:19:05,240
[chuckles] Well,
I give Bill Reilly a lot of credit.
1238
01:19:05,323 --> 01:19:09,119
{\an8}I think he's a great guy,
and he's trying to do a good job
1239
01:19:09,202 --> 01:19:10,787
{\an8}under very difficult circumstances.
1240
01:19:10,871 --> 01:19:12,581
[female journalist] Mr. President,
1241
01:19:12,664 --> 01:19:14,875
are you trying to undercut
Mr. Reilly in Rio?
1242
01:19:16,168 --> 01:19:23,133
I-- Mr. Reilly… a top environmentalist,
has my full support.
1243
01:19:23,633 --> 01:19:27,971
He conducts himself the way he should
with great dignity and great decency.
1244
01:19:29,055 --> 01:19:30,056
And, uh,
1245
01:19:30,974 --> 01:19:34,895
I feel a-- I feel a real, uh,
1246
01:19:35,771 --> 01:19:36,855
obligation.
1247
01:19:37,689 --> 01:19:40,776
Part of my duty as president
is to do two things.
1248
01:19:40,859 --> 01:19:43,528
One, formulate sound environmental policy.
1249
01:19:44,279 --> 01:19:45,489
Then on the other hand,
1250
01:19:45,572 --> 01:19:49,451
worry about American families,
people that need jobs.
1251
01:19:49,534 --> 01:19:50,911
{\an8}And I'll go down to Rio
1252
01:19:50,994 --> 01:19:56,082
{\an8}and proclaim the-- the solid, uh, points
1253
01:19:56,166 --> 01:19:58,376
{\an8}of a sound environmental record.
1254
01:19:58,460 --> 01:20:00,212
{\an8}[audience laughing]
1255
01:20:00,295 --> 01:20:01,421
{\an8}[applause]
1256
01:20:01,505 --> 01:20:06,384
I'd… I'd love to-- love to just take care
of the greenhouse effect
1257
01:20:06,468 --> 01:20:08,553
in one fell swoop up here.
1258
01:20:08,637 --> 01:20:12,015
Not gonna sacrifice jobs down here.
1259
01:20:12,724 --> 01:20:14,643
Na ga da.
1260
01:20:14,726 --> 01:20:15,852
[audience laughs]
1261
01:20:20,482 --> 01:20:25,821
Well, today I travel to Rio de Janeiro
to join over 100 heads of state
1262
01:20:25,904 --> 01:20:29,783
at the United Nations Conference
on Environment and Development.
1263
01:20:29,866 --> 01:20:32,661
I think it's critical
that we take both those words,
1264
01:20:32,744 --> 01:20:35,956
environment and development,
equally seriously.
1265
01:20:36,039 --> 01:20:37,415
And we do.
1266
01:20:37,499 --> 01:20:39,501
[gentle classical music plays]
1267
01:20:44,548 --> 01:20:46,258
[Schneider] Super hot years like 1988
1268
01:20:46,341 --> 01:20:50,053
with super hurricanes like Gilbert,
or in '89, Hurricane Hugo.
1269
01:20:51,304 --> 01:20:55,183
Events that now happen once in 50 years
will start happening once in 30
1270
01:20:55,267 --> 01:20:56,601
and once in 20.
1271
01:20:57,811 --> 01:21:00,021
People will start asking
early in the next century,
1272
01:21:00,105 --> 01:21:01,606
"What is nature doing to us?"
1273
01:21:02,274 --> 01:21:03,900
It's not nature doing to us,
1274
01:21:03,984 --> 01:21:07,362
it's what we're doing to nature
and to ourselves.
1275
01:21:11,950 --> 01:21:13,827
{\an8}[music intensifies]
1276
01:21:13,910 --> 01:21:15,287
{\an8}[crashes]
1277
01:21:15,370 --> 01:21:17,080
{\an8}[sirens wailing]
1278
01:21:18,039 --> 01:21:20,000
{\an8}[men shouting]
1279
01:21:21,209 --> 01:21:23,545
{\an8}[female reporter] In all the years
since 1866,
1280
01:21:23,628 --> 01:21:26,423
{\an8}when scientists began tracking
the Earth's temperature,
1281
01:21:26,506 --> 01:21:29,342
{\an8}the year that just ended was the warmest.
1282
01:21:33,179 --> 01:21:36,975
[male reporter] The '90s were
the hottest decade in a thousand years.
1283
01:21:39,603 --> 01:21:41,313
[Schneider] There's probably
damages already.
1284
01:21:41,396 --> 01:21:43,732
We know that
mountain glaciers are melting.
1285
01:21:44,232 --> 01:21:47,277
We know sea levels
are now higher than they were.
1286
01:21:47,360 --> 01:21:49,154
[rumbling]
1287
01:21:55,994 --> 01:21:59,831
{\an8}[male reporter] And just now comes word
that 2003 will go into the books
1288
01:21:59,915 --> 01:22:03,376
{\an8}as the third-warmest year
our globe has known.
1289
01:22:05,629 --> 01:22:07,923
{\an8}[dramatic string music playing]
1290
01:22:11,801 --> 01:22:13,803
[helicopter blades whirring]
1291
01:22:14,471 --> 01:22:17,223
We're increasing
the intensity of hurricanes,
1292
01:22:17,307 --> 01:22:18,642
that's been demonstrated.
1293
01:22:18,725 --> 01:22:20,226
We're increasing heatwaves.
1294
01:22:24,814 --> 01:22:28,026
[male reporter] 2010 may become
the warmest year on record.
1295
01:22:28,109 --> 01:22:29,694
[siren wailing]
1296
01:22:29,778 --> 01:22:32,238
[Schneider] At the moment,
we've only warmed up one.
1297
01:22:32,322 --> 01:22:34,741
What happens
when we warm up three or five,
1298
01:22:34,824 --> 01:22:36,910
which is projected
in the next several decades
1299
01:22:36,993 --> 01:22:38,453
to the end of the century?
1300
01:22:42,082 --> 01:22:45,794
{\an8}[reporter 1] 2014 is set to be
the warmest year on record.
1301
01:22:45,877 --> 01:22:48,421
{\an8}[reporter 2] 2015 was
the warmest year on record.
1302
01:22:48,505 --> 01:22:51,508
{\an8}[reporter 3] 2016 had the warmest
global temperatures on record.
1303
01:22:51,591 --> 01:22:54,094
[music building]
1304
01:22:57,430 --> 01:23:01,810
[female reporter 1] 2020 has tied
as the world's warmest year on record.
1305
01:23:01,893 --> 01:23:06,606
[music swelling]
1306
01:23:09,359 --> 01:23:13,905
[female reporter 2] 2023 was
the hottest year on record by a long shot.
1307
01:23:16,992 --> 01:23:18,910
{\an8}- [music fading]
- [electronic warbling]
1308
01:23:18,994 --> 01:23:20,453
[dramatic whooshing]
1309
01:23:22,706 --> 01:23:24,666
[rumbling]
1310
01:23:26,918 --> 01:23:28,545
[disorienting tone plays]
1311
01:23:28,628 --> 01:23:30,630
{\an8}[ominous music plays]
1312
01:23:33,383 --> 01:23:35,385
{\an8}[melancholy string music plays]
1313
01:23:38,847 --> 01:23:42,183
{\an8}[Boutros-Ghali] Distinguished delegates,
I have to say that this
1314
01:23:42,267 --> 01:23:45,645
{\an8}is an historical moment.
1315
01:23:45,729 --> 01:23:50,191
{\an8}However, it will only be so
1316
01:23:50,275 --> 01:23:51,735
if the Rio Conference
1317
01:23:51,818 --> 01:23:54,946
also marks a new beginning.
1318
01:23:56,990 --> 01:23:59,909
{\an8}There's been reports the US government
has put pressure on governments
1319
01:23:59,993 --> 01:24:03,788
{\an8}not to put together an agreement
to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions
1320
01:24:03,872 --> 01:24:05,749
{\an8}by the year 2000 and 1990 levels.
1321
01:24:05,832 --> 01:24:08,251
{\an8}No, the United States
never puts pressure on anybody.
1322
01:24:08,334 --> 01:24:10,879
{\an8}- This is… This is…
- [people laugh]
1323
01:24:10,962 --> 01:24:12,756
{\an8}This is clearly a canard.
1324
01:24:13,631 --> 01:24:15,633
[dramatic string music playing]
1325
01:24:17,177 --> 01:24:19,596
[reporter 1] The US government
is under serious criticism
1326
01:24:19,679 --> 01:24:22,223
for watering down
a global-warming convention
1327
01:24:22,307 --> 01:24:25,060
on the grounds
that it would hurt the American economy.
1328
01:24:28,563 --> 01:24:30,523
[reporter 2] The other nations caved in,
1329
01:24:30,607 --> 01:24:33,234
{\an8}agreeing to a treaty
that calls for cleaner air
1330
01:24:33,318 --> 01:24:35,737
{\an8}without setting deadlines
for achieving it.
1331
01:24:36,237 --> 01:24:38,156
[people chanting]
1332
01:24:38,239 --> 01:24:40,033
- [people clamoring]
- [objects shatter]
1333
01:24:40,992 --> 01:24:44,537
We're simply discussing the fact
that everyone in the United States,
1334
01:24:44,621 --> 01:24:46,039
particularly the youth,
1335
01:24:46,122 --> 01:24:48,750
are not happy
with the policies of the administration.
1336
01:24:51,169 --> 01:24:52,170
[Bush] Let's face it,
1337
01:24:52,253 --> 01:24:54,923
{\an8}there has been some criticism
of the United States,
1338
01:24:55,006 --> 01:24:56,257
{\an8}but I must tell you,
1339
01:24:56,341 --> 01:24:58,968
{\an8}we come to Rio proud
of what we have accomplished.
1340
01:25:00,053 --> 01:25:02,889
{\an8}It is never easy
to stand alone on principle,
1341
01:25:02,972 --> 01:25:04,015
{\an8}but sometimes
1342
01:25:04,099 --> 01:25:07,185
{\an8}leadership requires that you do.
1343
01:25:07,268 --> 01:25:08,978
{\an8}And now is such a time.
1344
01:25:10,605 --> 01:25:12,607
[intriguing string music plays]
1345
01:25:15,235 --> 01:25:17,195
[man] I made a special point
of being present
1346
01:25:17,278 --> 01:25:19,697
while Your Excellency
was delivering your speech.
1347
01:25:20,198 --> 01:25:22,617
Well, I'm afraid
some people didn't like it,
1348
01:25:22,700 --> 01:25:24,285
but, uh, once in a while,
1349
01:25:24,369 --> 01:25:28,373
the United States has to stand
on what we think is clear principle there.
1350
01:25:32,001 --> 01:25:33,711
[reporter 1] In the eyes
of many delegations,
1351
01:25:33,795 --> 01:25:37,257
the United States
is more isolated at this conference
1352
01:25:37,340 --> 01:25:38,383
than at any time
1353
01:25:38,466 --> 01:25:41,553
on almost any single issue
since the Vietnam War.
1354
01:25:41,636 --> 01:25:45,890
Here, America is seen to have relinquished
its role as world leader,
1355
01:25:45,974 --> 01:25:49,853
refusing to sign on
to an environmental new world order.
1356
01:25:54,023 --> 01:25:55,525
[reporter 2] George Bush had gone home.
1357
01:25:55,608 --> 01:25:59,320
{\an8}His stand-in, William Reilly,
the most hounded man in Rio.
1358
01:25:59,821 --> 01:26:02,699
{\an8}[journalist] Mr. Reilly,
the United States was guilty here
1359
01:26:02,782 --> 01:26:05,076
{\an8}of politicizing the environment.
1360
01:26:05,160 --> 01:26:06,911
{\an8}What's your reaction to that?
1361
01:26:07,495 --> 01:26:09,330
{\an8}A number of people brought, uh,
1362
01:26:09,414 --> 01:26:11,457
{\an8}very large expectations
to this conference.
1363
01:26:12,292 --> 01:26:14,627
Unrealistic expectations
also of the United States.
1364
01:26:14,711 --> 01:26:16,838
We are in a political season, obviously,
1365
01:26:16,921 --> 01:26:21,593
{\an8}and this conference will more than realize
the expectations of those who came to it
1366
01:26:21,676 --> 01:26:25,263
{\an8}with a realistic sense
of what things of this sort can achieve.
1367
01:26:25,763 --> 01:26:27,974
{\an8}With that, let me go off to a, uh, meeting
1368
01:26:28,057 --> 01:26:29,809
{\an8}with the minister from Mexico.
1369
01:26:29,893 --> 01:26:31,019
{\an8}Thank you.
1370
01:26:31,102 --> 01:26:33,438
[dramatic string music playing]
1371
01:26:33,521 --> 01:26:36,024
[news anchor] Was it good leadership
to permit this country
1372
01:26:36,107 --> 01:26:42,363
to be dragged kicking and screaming
to the first Earth Summit in Rio,
1373
01:26:42,447 --> 01:26:45,450
and yourself made a pariah
before the rest of the world?
1374
01:26:45,533 --> 01:26:49,621
I don't think leadership, Robin,
is going along with the mob.
1375
01:26:49,704 --> 01:26:53,041
Yet it also seemed to be
almost premeditated
1376
01:26:53,124 --> 01:26:55,335
to humiliate you in the process.
1377
01:26:55,418 --> 01:26:58,254
[Reilly] It's not the best thing
that's happened in the last 24 hours.
1378
01:26:58,338 --> 01:27:01,174
[news anchor] You hired
a leading environmentalist,
1379
01:27:01,257 --> 01:27:02,926
and you were applauded for that.
1380
01:27:03,009 --> 01:27:05,595
If you are the environmental president,
1381
01:27:05,678 --> 01:27:09,307
why don't you stand up
and defend your own environmentalist?
1382
01:27:10,475 --> 01:27:13,895
Isn't the president in for
a more difficult time as a result of this?
1383
01:27:14,395 --> 01:27:17,690
I don't think this is going to make
the lives of any of us easier.
1384
01:27:20,235 --> 01:27:22,278
[reporter] White House spokesman
Marlon Fitzwater says
1385
01:27:22,362 --> 01:27:24,656
Mr. Bush remains committed
to the environment.
1386
01:27:25,323 --> 01:27:28,326
He simply changed his mind
on global warming.
1387
01:27:28,409 --> 01:27:30,662
[tense music plays]
1388
01:27:30,745 --> 01:27:31,955
[camera shutter clicks]
1389
01:27:56,187 --> 01:27:57,855
[music fades]
1390
01:28:03,403 --> 01:28:05,405
{\an8}[melancholy string music plays]
1391
01:28:18,459 --> 01:28:20,962
[Reilly] What I most remember is
1392
01:28:21,671 --> 01:28:25,258
the incongruity between my finally, uh,
1393
01:28:25,341 --> 01:28:28,177
being the spokesperson
for the United States
1394
01:28:28,761 --> 01:28:30,513
and having to give
1395
01:28:30,596 --> 01:28:34,684
a disappointing presentation
on what we're practically,
1396
01:28:34,767 --> 01:28:36,769
realistic, willing to do.
1397
01:28:37,729 --> 01:28:41,149
{\an8}That I had not been able to bring
the White House, the president,
1398
01:28:41,232 --> 01:28:44,068
{\an8}to support something
that I thought was, uh,
1399
01:28:44,861 --> 01:28:46,696
incalculably important.
1400
01:28:48,656 --> 01:28:51,951
The advantage we might have had
1401
01:28:52,035 --> 01:28:56,247
if President Bush had committed
to seriously undertake
1402
01:28:56,331 --> 01:28:58,624
the reduction of greenhouse gases
1403
01:28:58,708 --> 01:29:00,835
is that we might have removed
1404
01:29:00,918 --> 01:29:04,297
the partisan nature
of the dialogue in the United States.
1405
01:29:04,380 --> 01:29:07,800
A Republican president, after all,
that would have made some difference.
1406
01:29:07,884 --> 01:29:10,678
And I regret
that we weren't able finally to do that.
1407
01:29:10,762 --> 01:29:12,764
{\an8}[dramatic string music plays]
1408
01:29:26,152 --> 01:29:27,820
[Schneider] If I go all the way back
1409
01:29:27,904 --> 01:29:30,698
to when I started
really pushing this issue,
1410
01:29:31,866 --> 01:29:33,993
most of my immediate objectives
have failed.
1411
01:29:34,077 --> 01:29:36,454
[melancholy string music plays]
1412
01:29:38,581 --> 01:29:39,415
But here we are.
1413
01:29:39,499 --> 01:29:42,126
{\an8}Uh, we have haltingly made progress.
1414
01:29:46,464 --> 01:29:50,051
But people have learned
the problem so well now
1415
01:29:50,134 --> 01:29:54,138
that we're on the edge
of actually implementing cultural change…
1416
01:29:57,392 --> 01:30:00,228
but that moves at generational time frame.
1417
01:30:04,273 --> 01:30:06,025
{\an8}[music becomes hopeful]
1418
01:30:19,539 --> 01:30:20,498
[device whirring]
1419
01:30:24,377 --> 01:30:25,795
[music intensifies]
1420
01:30:40,643 --> 01:30:41,561
[man] Yep.
1421
01:30:42,562 --> 01:30:43,813
It's recording.
1422
01:30:44,313 --> 01:30:46,691
[dreamlike music plays]
1423
01:31:04,542 --> 01:31:06,419
[music fades]
1424
01:31:07,795 --> 01:31:09,797
[gas hissing]
1425
01:31:11,257 --> 01:31:13,301
[computer trilling]
1426
01:31:19,348 --> 01:31:20,558
[sounds fade]
1427
01:32:04,435 --> 01:32:06,437
[pleasant string music plays]
1428
01:32:37,843 --> 01:32:39,470
[dramatic string music plays]
1429
01:34:59,318 --> 01:35:01,320
[intriguing string music plays]