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Downloaded from
YTS.MX

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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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This old man is Dim.

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He’s Russian

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and I’m American.

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We’ve been friends for more

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than half of my life.

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We met on the eve

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of the Soviet Union’s collapse,

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when Dim was 58,

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the age I am now.

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I’m Dmitry Zimin...I just took
appeared on a program

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whose name I’ve already
forgotten,

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but it doesn't matter.

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I happened to be born in 1933,
by the way.

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Here's also an amazing thing:

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He was an American, by the way,
young enough to be my son,

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and we became friends for life.

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His Russian is about as good as
my English,

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very bad that is.

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In December 2021, a week
before Christmas,

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I got a call from Dim’s son, Boris,

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he urgently summoned me
from Chicago

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to Dim’s bedroom in a rented
apartment

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in far-away Cyprus.

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There, Dim told us of his plan:

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at the end of the year,

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he would undergo euthanasia
in Switzerland.

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I asked to be buried in ski boots.

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Here's the headstone, here's
the picture

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and then the inscription:

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this subscriber has been
disconnected.

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In 1992, during a brief period
of friendship

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between our two superpowers,

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we built a very successful

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telecom company -

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VimpelCom,

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It became the first ever
Russian company

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listed outside of Russia,

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and the first telecommunication
start-up

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listed on the New York Stock Exchange,

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making us both independently wealthy.

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30 years ago,

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connecting people, we were
looking forward

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to a very bright future.

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Two months after my friend’s passing,

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Russia invaded Ukraine.

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I found myself silently grateful

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that Dim didn’t have to see it.

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He wouldn’t have to witness
the horror

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and atrocity I saw the Russian army

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commit in the Kyiv region.

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The prosperous future for Russia,

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Dim’s country,

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and America, my homeland,

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that we dreamed of in the ‘90s

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was gone.

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Our story became a poignant chronicle

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of the clash between

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the American dream and
Russian destiny.

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When I watch this footage,

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I don’t know what to make of it.

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Had Dim given us hints about
his plans?

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Could we have figured it out?

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This is probably going to be
my last journey.

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00:05:22,880 --> 00:05:25,240
In September, Dim invited us to

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what he dubbed his “last journey.

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I assumed it was just an older
man's way

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of describing an adventure.

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Maybe a cruise?

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Dim left Russia in January 2021,

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just as Russian opposition leader

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Alexei Navalny was getting arrested.

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For more than 12 years,

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Dim’s family financially backed Navalny

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along with other causes fiercely

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opposed by their country.

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In Russia, Dim was the only one

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openly doing this work.

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My dear Augie, you haven't
changed a bit

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since the last time I saw you.

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Three months before his
assisted suicide,

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no one realized that Dim
had meticulously

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orchestrated every detail of
his final days.

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Bringing his wife, Maya, onto
the boat

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wasn't easy, but it meant
a lot to him.

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He also invited a friend,
a film director,

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to capture footage and
leave behind

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memories for his grandchildren.

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You remember everything!

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Plexsys systems are in the back.

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Is it okay if I tell your story, Dim?

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I know he would have said, “Yes.

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I've thought a lot about why
he chose to end

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his life on his own terms,

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and why he did it before 2022.

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Dim had cancer, but it
wasn’t terminal.

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He was beginning to lose
his memory,

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which terrified him.

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“What’s the point of living
without

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my memories? Dim’d ask.

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But more than anything,
he feared

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witnessing the outbreak of a new

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large-scale war—one that the US

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would warn about daily that fall.

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I got excited.

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Can I have a cognac? A little one.

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Gentlemen, cheers! My hand is
shaking horribly.

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It'll stop shaking when
I have a drink.

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Our story began in the '80s,

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when Russia was still part
of the USSR.

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Dim was a top-secret Soviet
radio engineer,

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working on developing an

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anti-American missile radar system.

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For decades, the Americans
and Soviets

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had been bitter enemies.

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In the minds of most Americans,

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myself included,

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the Soviet Union was the
evil empire.

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But then, out of the blue for us

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regular folks, the new Soviet leader

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Gorbachev shook things up

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with the perestroika,

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tore down the Berlin Wall,

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and dismantled the communist
system.

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Suddenly, the endless race
between

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our military tech came to a halt.

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Let us look forward to a future of

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Clear skies.

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for all mankind. Thank you.

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Thank you.

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We must realize that we lived under
a totalitarian regime.

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A totalitarian regime cannot exist

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if it has no enemies.

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I think I welcomed Gorbachev from

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the very beginning.

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He was very appealing to me.

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Gorbachev and his whole new
way of thinking.

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He revolutionized politics.

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I was 22, a sophomore at Stanford,

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walking around the university
campus one day,

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when I passed the Slavic
department door

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and saw a sign advertising

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an upcoming trip to the
Soviet Union.

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For some reason, I was intrigued.

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Just like that,

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I found myself in Moscow
at the same time

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that the Soviets were finding out

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what perestroika meant.

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There, my first deal was trading

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a Walkman player with
headphones

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for tickets to the Bolshoi theater.

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Back then, I had no idea

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what the second one would
end up being.

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I would say there have been three

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major periods in my life.

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The first period lasted 30 years.

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I worked in the military-industrial
complex,

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at the Mints Science Institute.

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I was the deputy chief designer
of this giant

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radio locator station.

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Have you seen any pictures of it?

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This is a radar station belonging
to Moscow's

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missile defense system.

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The missile defense systems
were developed under

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an agreement with the Americans.

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The famous Brezhnev-Nixon
agreement.

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The most important event in

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the development of Soviet-American
relations

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was the visit of Leonid Brezhnev,

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The General Secretary of the Central

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Committee of the Communist Party
of the Soviet Union,

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to the United States.

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Despite the Cold War’s fear
and tension,

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back then you could still see
the Soviet Leader

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and the American President
together

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in the same helicopter.

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I was about seven or eight

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years old back then.

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Ten years earlier, my parents
had emigrated

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from Mexico and Colombia
to the States

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with 24 dollars to their name.

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This was shortly after

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the Cuban Missile Crisis,

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when Russia had engaged
in nuclear

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blackmail for the first time.

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My father, a highly trained engineer,

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worked tirelessly in various jobs.

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For a while, he even pumped
gas day

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and night, hustling to build a new,

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peaceful life for his children.

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According to that agreement,

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the famous Nixon-Brezhnev
agreement,

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We could have one missile defense
system each.

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The visit resulted in a new set
of Soviet-American

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agreements, including an agreement

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to prevent nuclear war.

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We chose to deploy our missile
defense system around Moscow.

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The Americans chose to deploy
their missile defense system,

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At a place that I've forgotten the
name of, where their

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missile launch facilities aimed
at the Soviet Union

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were located.

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It's this big field.

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They were guarding this place,

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and we were guarding Moscow,

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which, generally speaking, was
an impossible task.

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00:13:26,360 --> 00:13:29,600
Because in order to destroy

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the ¤AmericanØ missile launch
facilities,

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which could withstand a
load of about

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six kilograms per centimeter
squared,

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only a direct hit could work.

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They had a very sturdy armor.

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00:13:46,800 --> 00:13:50,120
On the other hand, all it would
take to destroy Moscow

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was a single rocket being able
to penetrate.

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00:13:54,680 --> 00:13:58,400
Moscow could be destroyed with
one hydrogen bomb,

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So Moscow's missile defense system

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00:14:04,400 --> 00:14:09,360
was money being thrown away,
no defense at all.

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00:14:09,520 --> 00:14:13,000
Brezhnev, senile and ill, lived in Moscow.

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00:14:13,440 --> 00:14:16,320
So we were making a city
defense system,

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while the Americans,

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00:14:19,200 --> 00:14:21,840
their system was called Safeguard,

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00:14:22,120 --> 00:14:27,280
were protecting their strategic missiles.

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00:14:27,760 --> 00:14:30,200
The anti-missile system was

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00:14:30,200 --> 00:14:32,880
only made around Moscow.

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00:14:33,200 --> 00:14:37,840
Btw, despite the fact that
decades have passed,

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I’m not sure that all this can be told.

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00:14:44,160 --> 00:14:46,280
Although there is nothing
like that here.

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00:14:47,080 --> 00:14:49,280
Please be careful with this
information.

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00:14:53,360 --> 00:14:56,200
There was a completely stifling
climate of secrecy.

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00:14:57,640 --> 00:15:00,320
Secrecy, and sometimes ridiculous,

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00:15:00,480 --> 00:15:02,080
utterly ridiculous secrecy,

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00:15:03,040 --> 00:15:06,760
was prioritized over efficiency.

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00:15:07,400 --> 00:15:08,840
Why has the Institute
of Physics and

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00:15:08,920 --> 00:15:11,000
Technology produced so many
geniuses,

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00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:12,360
far more than the Faculty
of Physics?

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00:15:13,040 --> 00:15:15,040
I asked myself that question too,

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00:15:15,040 --> 00:15:16,960
I knew many people there.

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00:15:19,320 --> 00:15:21,520
Hell, it was the culture.

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00:15:21,720 --> 00:15:23,680
It was almost free entry.

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00:15:26,040 --> 00:15:28,240
There was a library next door.

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00:15:30,200 --> 00:15:31,920
They had a different life.

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00:15:31,920 --> 00:15:38,120
In some ways, I was jealous of them.

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00:15:38,880 --> 00:15:39,840
Of course.

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00:15:40,840 --> 00:15:43,760
You were completely classified
personnel,

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00:15:43,960 --> 00:15:44,920
as far as I know.

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00:15:45,320 --> 00:15:46,520
Totally closed off.

247
00:15:46,520 --> 00:15:48,320
So you couldn't go abroad?

248
00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:49,960
Of course! No way!

249
00:15:50,440 --> 00:15:54,680
All secret papers in the Soviet
Union were

250
00:15:54,840 --> 00:15:57,120
divided into secret, top secret and

251
00:15:57,400 --> 00:16:00,400
top secret of special importance.

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00:16:00,520 --> 00:16:03,920
In order to have access to
documents of "special

253
00:16:04,160 --> 00:16:06,720
importance," you had to have this form.

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00:16:07,160 --> 00:16:09,760
Wiretapping was completely official.

255
00:16:13,840 --> 00:16:16,880
The whole system was shoddy:

256
00:16:18,840 --> 00:16:21,680
It all came down to the fact that

257
00:16:21,680 --> 00:16:24,840
before I could even call another
city from my office,

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00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:28,920
I would have to call the authorities to

259
00:16:29,040 --> 00:16:33,320
say I was ordering a long-distance call.

260
00:16:35,120 --> 00:16:37,080
And I was expressly forbidden to have

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00:16:37,280 --> 00:16:40,440
a non-monitored conversation
from my apartment.

262
00:16:40,680 --> 00:16:42,920
Was anyone watching? Who knows?
But, in theory, yes.

263
00:16:44,080 --> 00:16:47,200
I was the head of the largest
department,

264
00:16:47,520 --> 00:16:49,880
Chief Designer, Doctor of Science,

265
00:16:49,960 --> 00:16:51,400
I wasn’t a member of Communist party.

266
00:16:52,920 --> 00:16:54,400
I've never been a member.

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00:16:55,640 --> 00:17:00,120
I found it. I have a lot...

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00:17:00,840 --> 00:17:04,080
It is necessary to say, to be honest,

269
00:17:04,280 --> 00:17:09,400
that to make more tanks than
the rest of mankind,

270
00:17:09,640 --> 00:17:11,720
we have largely destroyed
the country.

271
00:17:11,880 --> 00:17:15,880
A country, a society, first of all
deserves respect

272
00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:19,720
when it creates a decent life
for its people.

273
00:17:19,960 --> 00:17:21,080
When did you feel that you were

274
00:17:21,240 --> 00:17:22,320
no longer a Soviet person?

275
00:17:22,320 --> 00:17:24,560
August '68,

276
00:17:30,080 --> 00:17:31,480
seeing our tanks in Prague.

277
00:17:32,880 --> 00:17:37,280
That's when the last Komsomol
illusions ran out for me.

278
00:17:37,480 --> 00:17:42,960
I realized quite clearly that my
country was led by thugs.

279
00:17:47,240 --> 00:17:50,080
If we mark the brightest and
darkest dates

280
00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:54,560
in our history on the calendar,

281
00:17:55,760 --> 00:17:57,760
then I would mark as bright dates

282
00:17:58,040 --> 00:18:01,000
the times that brought us

283
00:18:02,080 --> 00:18:06,000
something like freedom - ‘90s.

284
00:18:06,880 --> 00:18:10,320
This was the emergence of a free Russia.

285
00:18:11,160 --> 00:18:13,320
Or at least a step towards freedom in Russia.

286
00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:18,200
Gorbachev’s rise to power in the USSR

287
00:18:18,560 --> 00:18:20,840
and the end of the Cold War
coincided with

288
00:18:20,920 --> 00:18:22,480
the beginning of the telecommunication

289
00:18:22,560 --> 00:18:24,520
revolution in the United States.

290
00:18:26,680 --> 00:18:28,720
People on the go, busy people moving,

291
00:18:28,720 --> 00:18:31,320
working, but some of them still able

292
00:18:31,320 --> 00:18:33,200
to keep in touch by telephone with

293
00:18:33,200 --> 00:18:35,680
business partners, customers, family,

294
00:18:35,680 --> 00:18:37,960
friends, even while they're on the road.

295
00:18:38,760 --> 00:18:40,720
My father's engineering instincts

296
00:18:40,720 --> 00:18:42,000
had the wind at his back.

297
00:18:42,960 --> 00:18:46,040
In 1983, the first commercial cellular

298
00:18:46,040 --> 00:18:48,160
system was introduced in the States.

299
00:18:48,800 --> 00:18:51,200
In 1990, my father and I—a young

300
00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:53,800
inexperienced entrepreneur—
bought Plexsys,

301
00:18:53,800 --> 00:18:55,600
a small technology company

302
00:18:55,600 --> 00:18:57,040
in Corinth, Mississippi.

303
00:18:57,960 --> 00:19:00,160
We used the company assets to
take out

304
00:19:00,280 --> 00:19:03,120
roughly one-and-a-half million
dollars in loans.

305
00:19:05,600 --> 00:19:08,280
At the same time, the new era
of peace

306
00:19:08,280 --> 00:19:10,840
in the USSR meant that military radio

307
00:19:10,920 --> 00:19:13,200
engineers were looking for a
way to support

308
00:19:13,320 --> 00:19:15,720
themselves without state funding.

309
00:19:18,440 --> 00:19:20,920
The Soviet Union still existed,

310
00:19:21,680 --> 00:19:25,360
military orders had practically ended,

311
00:19:25,600 --> 00:19:27,160
we weren’t being paid salaries.

312
00:19:28,280 --> 00:19:30,600
There were also factories

313
00:19:30,600 --> 00:19:32,600
other than us in this condition.

314
00:19:32,600 --> 00:19:34,120
The factories were trying to find
what would

315
00:19:34,200 --> 00:19:34,880
make it to market.

316
00:19:35,840 --> 00:19:39,320
Flirting with any foreign companies
was encouraged.

317
00:19:40,720 --> 00:19:44,760
They spat on all the secrecy,

318
00:19:45,040 --> 00:19:49,600
but besides, there was no secrecy there.

319
00:19:50,200 --> 00:19:52,680
We were looking for any way

320
00:19:52,680 --> 00:19:54,600
to just survive.

321
00:19:54,960 --> 00:19:57,400
We were engineers, after all

322
00:19:57,400 --> 00:19:59,240
Were we supposed to starve?

323
00:20:07,560 --> 00:20:09,960
Listen, I forgot everything, I have to get

324
00:20:09,960 --> 00:20:12,320
my notes and use them as a base

325
00:20:12,840 --> 00:20:14,920
Did you feel like you had to go
to work as

326
00:20:14,920 --> 00:20:16,280
a street cleaner? You had a family

327
00:20:16,280 --> 00:20:17,360
to support, tight?

328
00:20:17,360 --> 00:20:19,920
You know I didn't. We had
some skills.

329
00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:22,600
After all, radio electronics is a
pretty broad field.

330
00:20:22,920 --> 00:20:24,760
I thought I'd be able to find
something to do.

331
00:20:25,640 --> 00:20:27,440
At this very moment, on the other side

332
00:20:27,520 --> 00:20:29,640
of the world, in a remote
suburb of Chicago,

333
00:20:29,920 --> 00:20:31,520
a flamboyant Lebanese American

334
00:20:31,800 --> 00:20:33,800
salesman knocked on our door.

335
00:20:33,920 --> 00:20:35,880
He sold L’Oréal cosmetics and

336
00:20:36,040 --> 00:20:37,840
his name was Ed Saad.

337
00:20:39,280 --> 00:20:42,680
He is driving a red ?adillac

338
00:20:43,000 --> 00:20:46,400
with white leather interior,
convertible,

339
00:20:47,240 --> 00:20:48,960
with jewelry all over him.

340
00:20:50,280 --> 00:20:51,720
I mean, completely crazy.

341
00:20:51,920 --> 00:20:53,360
By the name of Ed Saad.

342
00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:54,640
Do you remember Ed?

343
00:20:55,040 --> 00:20:55,840
Yes!

344
00:20:56,640 --> 00:20:58,440
A Lebanese American that lived

345
00:20:58,440 --> 00:20:59,880
in a suburb of Chicago,

346
00:20:59,960 --> 00:21:03,280
by the name of Ed Saad, came to
us and said,

347
00:21:03,480 --> 00:21:05,120
“I’ve been reading about your
company.

348
00:21:05,720 --> 00:21:08,200
I’ve been reading about your
infrastructure equipment.

349
00:21:09,440 --> 00:21:11,880
The Soviet Union needs your
equipment.

350
00:21:12,520 --> 00:21:15,520
Your system is designed
for small cities.

351
00:21:16,080 --> 00:21:18,360
It’s the perfect system for Russia.

352
00:21:19,320 --> 00:21:22,680
If you come, you can sell millions

353
00:21:23,520 --> 00:21:25,280
of your systems in Russia.

354
00:21:26,360 --> 00:21:28,000
He actually convinced my dad,

355
00:21:28,040 --> 00:21:30,080
after about 2 or 3 months
of dialogue,

356
00:21:30,080 --> 00:21:31,080
that we should go.

357
00:21:31,360 --> 00:21:33,960
It took me about six months
to get convinced

358
00:21:34,120 --> 00:21:36,200
that we should try and see what
would happen.

359
00:21:36,800 --> 00:21:39,520
So the deal he made with us was:

360
00:21:39,800 --> 00:21:43,280
“I will charge you a consulting
fee of $50,000.

361
00:21:43,640 --> 00:21:44,560
It was his fee.

362
00:21:45,480 --> 00:21:47,520
$25,000 we’d pay before we went,

363
00:21:48,280 --> 00:21:51,320
and $25,000 we pay if we signed
an agreement.

364
00:21:52,680 --> 00:21:54,600
We had to use several of our
12 credit cards

365
00:21:54,720 --> 00:21:57,160
to pay the expenses. It was crazy.

366
00:21:57,760 --> 00:22:00,120
We were driven by the L’Oreal
cosmetic

367
00:22:00,200 --> 00:22:02,520
success in Moscow, my experience with

368
00:22:02,560 --> 00:22:05,080
tickets to the Bolshoi, and the data:

369
00:22:05,640 --> 00:22:08,120
even the landline density in
the Soviet Union

370
00:22:08,360 --> 00:22:11,640
was only 17 phones for every
100 people.

371
00:22:13,760 --> 00:22:15,840
Simply put, the people could
not connect

372
00:22:15,880 --> 00:22:16,880
with each other!

373
00:22:17,960 --> 00:22:21,200
Before boarding the PA74 Pan-American
flight

374
00:22:21,600 --> 00:22:24,040
from JFK to Moscow, we wrote wills

375
00:22:24,640 --> 00:22:25,880
and bought life insurance.

376
00:22:28,360 --> 00:22:30,960
We decided to either become
American pioneers

377
00:22:31,000 --> 00:22:34,000
in Russia or to leave our family
some money.

378
00:22:34,560 --> 00:22:36,600
Alive, I had a negative net worth;

379
00:22:36,920 --> 00:22:39,440
dead, I would have been worth
$1 million.

380
00:22:43,400 --> 00:22:47,040
In our top-secret office Vympel - RTI

381
00:22:47,240 --> 00:22:48,760
we started to get visits from foreigners.

382
00:22:48,920 --> 00:22:50,720
It was completely unbelievable.

383
00:22:52,000 --> 00:22:53,880
It was known that in our secret

384
00:22:53,880 --> 00:22:55,840
radio technical institute,

385
00:22:56,080 --> 00:22:59,400
my lab was starting to do something
different.

386
00:23:01,400 --> 00:23:02,960
Where did Fabela come from?

387
00:23:03,440 --> 00:23:07,120
We really latched onto the business
of cell phones .

388
00:23:07,920 --> 00:23:11,280
Fabela supplied us with a base station

389
00:23:11,280 --> 00:23:13,280
and a switch at his own expense.

390
00:23:13,640 --> 00:23:16,040
He brought and gave us

391
00:23:16,240 --> 00:23:19,240
about 15 of these phones.

392
00:23:19,320 --> 00:23:21,520
When we first walked around
with the phones,

393
00:23:21,600 --> 00:23:23,040
we loved it.

394
00:23:23,560 --> 00:23:25,320
And he invited us to get into this
business together.

395
00:23:25,360 --> 00:23:27,120
When we were going into these
institutes,

396
00:23:27,520 --> 00:23:29,720
they were top-secret institutes,

397
00:23:29,920 --> 00:23:31,600
and we were going in as Americans.

398
00:23:31,840 --> 00:23:34,360
From our perspective, that was
extraordinary.

399
00:23:34,800 --> 00:23:36,400
How in the world were we,

400
00:23:36,440 --> 00:23:38,480
you know, if this had happened
three years ago,

401
00:23:38,960 --> 00:23:40,960
he’d be in jail, I'd be in jail

402
00:23:41,840 --> 00:23:43,880
for going into these institutes,
right?

403
00:23:44,640 --> 00:23:47,800
Within the first two days of meeting
Vympel,

404
00:23:48,080 --> 00:23:50,200
before I even met Doctor Zimin,

405
00:23:50,680 --> 00:23:53,400
it was clear that they had no intention
of buying anything.

406
00:23:54,080 --> 00:23:56,240
They wanted technology.

407
00:23:56,680 --> 00:23:58,480
They wanted to know what they
could manufacture.

408
00:23:58,560 --> 00:24:00,360
Totally different from what Ed Saad
had told us.

409
00:24:00,440 --> 00:24:01,360
Completely different.

410
00:24:02,160 --> 00:24:04,440
So, we were in Moscow for seven days.

411
00:24:05,040 --> 00:24:07,080
On the second day, we figured it out

412
00:24:07,240 --> 00:24:09,080
that they were never going to buy.

413
00:24:09,080 --> 00:24:10,440
They wanted to manufacture something.

414
00:24:10,760 --> 00:24:12,960
I quickly realized that the only
reason these

415
00:24:13,040 --> 00:24:15,760
50-60-year-old Soviet radio engineers

416
00:24:15,920 --> 00:24:18,720
came to meet with me, a young
non-engineer

417
00:24:18,760 --> 00:24:22,120
American, was because we had
a breakfast buffet.

418
00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:25,520
They’d head straight for the table,

419
00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:27,800
pack sandwiches into their briefcases,

420
00:24:28,440 --> 00:24:29,320
and then talk to us.

421
00:24:30,360 --> 00:24:31,880
I understood they were just taking

422
00:24:31,880 --> 00:24:34,320
food home, and I was proud that
we could

423
00:24:34,360 --> 00:24:36,040
at least feeding someone.

424
00:24:37,520 --> 00:24:38,840
Yeah, it even got to the point where

425
00:24:39,160 --> 00:24:42,360
I invited you to my house.

426
00:24:43,720 --> 00:24:45,480
In Khimki Khovrino,

427
00:24:45,680 --> 00:24:48,360
I was so proud: I had a three-room
apartment.

428
00:24:49,120 --> 00:24:52,600
I asked them: how many rooms
do you have?

429
00:24:53,400 --> 00:24:56,040
They tactfully just said they lived
in houses.

430
00:24:57,320 --> 00:24:59,400
And the final day, the seventh day

431
00:25:00,240 --> 00:25:03,440
where we got together with the CEO,

432
00:25:03,720 --> 00:25:05,240
the general director of Vympel.

433
00:25:05,840 --> 00:25:09,960
He brought all the different institutes
that we visited

434
00:25:10,880 --> 00:25:13,000
to start a negotiation as to how
we could work together.

435
00:25:13,000 --> 00:25:15,000
At that point, we had kind of decided

436
00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:19,920
if we have any potential of returning
our investment,

437
00:25:20,040 --> 00:25:21,840
we need to figure out something to do.

438
00:25:22,040 --> 00:25:24,080
And we said, let's see how we
can maybe

439
00:25:24,080 --> 00:25:27,440
manufacture locally with Vympel.

440
00:25:27,600 --> 00:25:29,960
And there was some point,
I have no idea

441
00:25:29,960 --> 00:25:31,400
what it was, but there was some point

442
00:25:31,400 --> 00:25:35,200
of negotiation that Doctor ZImin
was absolutely

443
00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:38,200
against giving to us, absolutely
against it.

444
00:25:38,520 --> 00:25:42,440
And he literally, literally in this
room of 20 people

445
00:25:43,400 --> 00:25:46,120
started banging on the table
saying, “no way,

446
00:25:46,120 --> 00:25:48,040
absolutely not. Never going
to happen.

447
00:25:48,320 --> 00:25:50,640
It was very animated as he can be,

448
00:25:51,560 --> 00:25:53,680
but literally he is banging
on the table.

449
00:25:54,440 --> 00:25:56,640
It was essentially decided that

450
00:25:56,720 --> 00:25:58,560
we should prepare for the fact
that we, Vimpel,

451
00:25:58,560 --> 00:26:00,240
a manufacturing firm,

452
00:26:00,240 --> 00:26:03,320
would be operating, and to
prepare production

453
00:26:04,160 --> 00:26:06,400
we should familiarize ourselves with

454
00:26:06,640 --> 00:26:08,720
the manufacturer in America.

455
00:26:08,840 --> 00:26:11,480
A delegation was assembled,

456
00:26:12,160 --> 00:26:14,280
which Augie then invited.

457
00:26:14,360 --> 00:26:16,800
In those days going to the States
was unfathomable.

458
00:26:17,640 --> 00:26:20,240
The Americans were hosting.

459
00:26:20,400 --> 00:26:22,480
They covered all our expenses.

460
00:26:23,120 --> 00:26:25,600
They sent us a fax with the invitation,

461
00:26:25,600 --> 00:26:27,720
and a special request:

462
00:26:27,720 --> 00:26:31,120
to include in the delegation
the bald gentleman

463
00:26:31,240 --> 00:26:34,680
who was gesticulating wildly and
pounding on the table.

464
00:26:34,880 --> 00:26:37,080
So I was included in the delegation

465
00:26:37,080 --> 00:26:39,200
going to America at the last minute.

466
00:26:39,480 --> 00:26:42,320
All I remembered was the guy
that was doing this.

467
00:26:42,600 --> 00:26:44,960
And I said, make sure, as he told you,

468
00:26:45,160 --> 00:26:47,640
that he is on that list of delegates.
I want him.

469
00:26:48,040 --> 00:26:50,160
And, I don't know if I told you I guess
maybe not,

470
00:26:50,960 --> 00:26:53,160
but the response back was, are you sure?

471
00:26:53,880 --> 00:26:55,720
He is very difficult always.

472
00:26:56,840 --> 00:26:59,960
He always is going against everybody.

473
00:27:00,560 --> 00:27:02,720
He was against you with the protocol.

474
00:27:02,840 --> 00:27:04,120
Are you sure you want him? And
I said, yes,

475
00:27:04,120 --> 00:27:07,080
I am sure I want him because I want
someone with passion.

476
00:27:07,440 --> 00:27:10,800
He was the only guy that showed
any passion in our

477
00:27:10,800 --> 00:27:13,760
whole visit. Everybody else was
just like that.

478
00:27:14,680 --> 00:27:17,360
Augie, your invitation to America,

479
00:27:18,640 --> 00:27:20,760
that's where it all started, that turned

480
00:27:21,280 --> 00:27:22,520
my life around.

481
00:27:24,360 --> 00:27:25,640
And mine.

482
00:27:28,000 --> 00:27:29,960
When the radio engineers first
came to visit,

483
00:27:30,560 --> 00:27:33,120
the Soviet Union had just ceased
to exist.

484
00:27:35,240 --> 00:27:37,320
They flew from the Soviet Union
to Chicago,

485
00:27:37,880 --> 00:27:39,800
then returned to Russia within a week.

486
00:27:42,240 --> 00:27:43,560
Not long after that,

487
00:27:43,680 --> 00:27:46,120
the Russian radio engineer Dmitry Zimin

488
00:27:46,160 --> 00:27:48,360
and I embarked on a true adventure:

489
00:27:49,200 --> 00:27:52,160
co-founding a joint Russian-American

490
00:27:52,480 --> 00:27:55,200
telecommunications company,
VimpelCom.

491
00:27:56,040 --> 00:27:57,680
We took on the ambitious project

492
00:27:57,800 --> 00:28:00,360
of establishing our first mobile network

493
00:28:00,440 --> 00:28:02,920
in Moscow, connecting people in ways

494
00:28:02,920 --> 00:28:04,680
previously unimaginable.

495
00:28:09,720 --> 00:28:14,160
3 titanic revolutionary events converged.

496
00:28:14,280 --> 00:28:15,920
The collapse of the Soviet Union,

497
00:28:16,160 --> 00:28:18,480
The beginning of the introduction of
the free market

498
00:28:18,520 --> 00:28:20,400
and the emergence of a completely

499
00:28:20,400 --> 00:28:22,720
new cellular technology.

500
00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:26,280
And so these three massive

501
00:28:26,440 --> 00:28:29,520
events led to an incredible

502
00:28:29,520 --> 00:28:32,520
intellectual revolution.

503
00:28:33,760 --> 00:28:38,160
I've realized in my old age that
I was a startupper.

504
00:28:38,640 --> 00:28:40,920
It was a startup built from nothing.

505
00:28:41,360 --> 00:28:43,960
When everything was created
from scratch,

506
00:28:44,760 --> 00:28:46,440
we had our first antenna on the roof

507
00:28:46,440 --> 00:28:48,480
of the Foreign Ministry, this
tall building.

508
00:28:49,280 --> 00:28:51,240
And miraculously, the connection
lasted

509
00:28:51,520 --> 00:28:53,080
all the way to 8 March Street.

510
00:28:53,400 --> 00:28:57,520
That's where the first call came from.

511
00:28:57,800 --> 00:29:03,680
On July 12th '92, I was walking
down 8 March Street.

512
00:29:05,280 --> 00:29:07,240
And I called Augie in America.

513
00:29:08,440 --> 00:29:10,200
Dim’s motivation was a simple,

514
00:29:10,320 --> 00:29:12,800
yet smart idea: to keep his people

515
00:29:12,840 --> 00:29:14,120
employed and paid.

516
00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:16,720
He brought his credibility

517
00:29:16,720 --> 00:29:18,160
as a radio engineer to the table,

518
00:29:18,560 --> 00:29:20,160
knowing how to build networks.

519
00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:23,760
The resources, focus, marketing,

520
00:29:23,840 --> 00:29:25,160
and planing were on me.

521
00:29:25,800 --> 00:29:28,040
I don’t think Dim fully grasped what

522
00:29:28,040 --> 00:29:29,200
entrepreneurship meant,

523
00:29:29,800 --> 00:29:31,240
but his adventurous

524
00:29:31,240 --> 00:29:32,760
spirit made him eager to explore,

525
00:29:33,320 --> 00:29:35,640
even the  things he didn’t fully
understand.

526
00:29:36,200 --> 00:29:41,000
The next 10 years of my life, from
'91 to 2001,

527
00:29:41,200 --> 00:29:44,440
were the most colorful for me,

528
00:29:44,680 --> 00:29:46,880
the brightest period of my life.

529
00:29:53,080 --> 00:29:54,960
We gather to celebrate the bonds
between

530
00:29:55,080 --> 00:29:56,040
the Russian people and

531
00:29:56,040 --> 00:29:57,960
the American people forged during

532
00:29:58,000 --> 00:29:58,760
World War II.

533
00:29:59,360 --> 00:30:01,320
And we gather to pledge that
the opportunity

534
00:30:01,560 --> 00:30:04,200
we lost five decades ago to build

535
00:30:04,200 --> 00:30:06,880
a better world will not be lost again.

536
00:30:13,000 --> 00:30:14,400
Things were moving quickly:

537
00:30:16,640 --> 00:30:18,360
all sorts of Western new
beginnings

538
00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:19,920
were echoing throughout Moscow.

539
00:30:21,080 --> 00:30:22,920
Our adrenaline matched the risk.

540
00:30:23,280 --> 00:30:25,040
It was clear that Russia was
going to be

541
00:30:25,120 --> 00:30:27,080
a world leader and a major part

542
00:30:27,240 --> 00:30:28,600
of the global economy.

543
00:30:30,840 --> 00:30:34,840
By 1992, we had gained 200
initial customers.

544
00:30:37,560 --> 00:30:40,400
It was a time of crazy excitement.

545
00:30:40,640 --> 00:30:43,680
You see, we worked for 30 years

546
00:30:43,880 --> 00:30:46,400
under the pressure of the
Soviet regime,

547
00:30:46,400 --> 00:30:48,040
you couldn't step out of line.

548
00:30:48,120 --> 00:30:49,720
And then we broke out!

549
00:30:50,520 --> 00:30:54,760
If we had built cellular
communications

550
00:30:55,280 --> 00:30:58,400
according to the same rules
that our

551
00:30:58,680 --> 00:30:59,880
military-industrial complex

552
00:30:59,880 --> 00:31:01,440
was operating under back then,

553
00:31:02,600 --> 00:31:05,160
there would still be nothing.

554
00:31:05,920 --> 00:31:08,960
By 1996, 50,000 people
in Moscow

555
00:31:08,960 --> 00:31:10,360
were using our mobile phone
network.

556
00:31:11,200 --> 00:31:13,720
Only four years lay between
the first mobile

557
00:31:13,800 --> 00:31:16,960
call from Moscow to Chicago and
our company’s

558
00:31:17,040 --> 00:31:19,840
listing on the New York Stock Exchange.

559
00:31:20,080 --> 00:31:22,480
The idea of IPO was Fabela's.

560
00:31:23,120 --> 00:31:25,400
An Initial Public Offering, or IPO,

561
00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:27,840
is the process by which a
privately held

562
00:31:27,960 --> 00:31:30,320
company offers its shares to

563
00:31:30,880 --> 00:31:32,480
the public for the first time.

564
00:31:33,040 --> 00:31:35,640
In our case, our IPO was
the first time

565
00:31:35,640 --> 00:31:38,280
American investors could
purchase shares

566
00:31:38,600 --> 00:31:39,960
in a Russian business.

567
00:31:40,120 --> 00:31:42,680
I said it was a momentous deal
back then too.

568
00:31:43,000 --> 00:31:44,840
That's the idea of an
IPO came up.

569
00:31:44,920 --> 00:31:46,360
At first I thought it was crazy,

570
00:31:46,360 --> 00:31:48,160
but then I thought, why not?

571
00:31:48,160 --> 00:31:49,520
But it was crazy interesting.

572
00:31:49,680 --> 00:31:50,680
Convincing Dim?

573
00:31:51,880 --> 00:31:55,280
Dim has always been extraordinarily
trusting on me.

574
00:31:55,840 --> 00:31:58,240
He just trusted me. He just said yes.

575
00:31:59,520 --> 00:32:01,160
He just said yes.

576
00:32:01,640 --> 00:32:04,320
Yes, I trusted Augie absolutely.

577
00:32:05,160 --> 00:32:08,720
We decided in November of ’95,

578
00:32:09,120 --> 00:32:10,680
and by November of ’96,
we were public.

579
00:32:10,840 --> 00:32:13,120
Even today, getting an
IPO done

580
00:32:13,120 --> 00:32:14,200
within one year is unheard of.

581
00:32:14,560 --> 00:32:16,000
I wasn’t that naive;

582
00:32:16,240 --> 00:32:18,120
I knew how complicated
Russia was.

583
00:32:18,680 --> 00:32:21,640
I saw the IPO as a high level
of protection

584
00:32:21,880 --> 00:32:24,200
for the company. That was my
main reason

585
00:32:24,360 --> 00:32:25,280
for pursuing it.

586
00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:28,920
I knew that taking the
company public

587
00:32:29,040 --> 00:32:30,480
with foreign investors would
bring us

588
00:32:30,640 --> 00:32:32,160
support from the US
government.

589
00:32:32,640 --> 00:32:34,440
They’d want to protect their investors,

590
00:32:34,680 --> 00:32:37,360
especially since US-Russia relations

591
00:32:37,360 --> 00:32:38,680
were very strong.

592
00:32:42,440 --> 00:32:43,720
I remember, Augie remembers it

593
00:32:43,720 --> 00:32:45,360
better than me,

594
00:32:45,640 --> 00:32:49,400
the night before the IPO.
As we sat there,

595
00:32:49,600 --> 00:32:54,120
we set a price. A bidding price.

596
00:32:55,120 --> 00:32:57,360
You set it too high, no one will buy,

597
00:32:57,480 --> 00:32:59,480
too low - you never know.

598
00:33:00,920 --> 00:33:03,960
In the end we still set it too low,

599
00:33:04,160 --> 00:33:06,400
there was such a rush to buy shares.

600
00:33:06,560 --> 00:33:08,040
We could have set it a little higher.

601
00:33:08,760 --> 00:33:11,520
We specifically wanted to make sure

602
00:33:12,280 --> 00:33:14,640
that whatever price we set,

603
00:33:15,320 --> 00:33:16,640
the investors would make money

604
00:33:16,840 --> 00:33:17,480
on the first day.

605
00:33:17,680 --> 00:33:20,200
We wanted them to be rewarded

606
00:33:20,280 --> 00:33:21,560
for having confidence.

607
00:33:22,120 --> 00:33:24,040
Because keep in mind, before
we went public,

608
00:33:24,680 --> 00:33:28,600
to find a bank, I was rejected
by 13 banks,

609
00:33:29,320 --> 00:33:31,880
who said, "No, we will not take
you public."

610
00:33:33,520 --> 00:33:36,280
He’s too old, I’m too young,

611
00:33:37,360 --> 00:33:39,360
and it’s Russia. Are you kidding me?

612
00:33:40,960 --> 00:33:42,440
So do you remember Dim
what happened

613
00:33:43,680 --> 00:33:47,080
two weeks and two days into
the roadshow?

614
00:33:47,840 --> 00:33:51,520
We were in the roadshow,
just three to five days away

615
00:33:52,240 --> 00:33:54,280
from pricing, do you remember
what happened in Russia?

616
00:33:55,880 --> 00:33:57,240
Yeltsin had a heart attack.

617
00:33:57,800 --> 00:33:59,640
Two weeks into our road show.

618
00:34:00,200 --> 00:34:02,480
If Yeltsin died, IPO is done.

619
00:34:03,080 --> 00:34:03,840
It's over.

620
00:34:04,840 --> 00:34:06,600
Everyone's still wondering,
‘Will it really

621
00:34:06,600 --> 00:34:09,720
still always stay non-communist?’

622
00:34:10,560 --> 00:34:12,960
Because Yeltsin is the only one
that the West

623
00:34:12,960 --> 00:34:16,720
believed was going to keep Russia
non-communist.

624
00:34:17,520 --> 00:34:19,560
Keep in mind, just three years earlier,

625
00:34:19,560 --> 00:34:22,040
there was a coup three years earlier.

626
00:34:22,080 --> 00:34:25,640
So without Yeltsin, everyone believed,
it wasn't true.

627
00:34:25,760 --> 00:34:27,960
But they believed, the West believed,

628
00:34:28,480 --> 00:34:30,360
that it would fall back to communism.

629
00:34:31,560 --> 00:34:33,480
So that was very dramatic for us

630
00:34:33,640 --> 00:34:36,720
that all this work and one single
incident

631
00:34:36,760 --> 00:34:38,280
could have broken everything.

632
00:34:38,440 --> 00:34:41,920
Fortunately, he was fine. He had
his bypass surgery.

633
00:34:47,200 --> 00:34:52,840
Yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah,
how lucky we were!

634
00:34:55,080 --> 00:34:56,840
This is World News Tonight.

635
00:34:58,760 --> 00:35:00,320
On Wall Street today.

636
00:35:03,080 --> 00:35:05,080
Yes, it is Wall Street with
the Russians.

637
00:35:10,080 --> 00:35:11,200
After we listed our company on

638
00:35:11,240 --> 00:35:12,760
the New York Stock Exchange,

639
00:35:13,640 --> 00:35:16,800
its capitalization reached
$822 million —

640
00:35:18,320 --> 00:35:20,480
in just five years, after starting
from

641
00:35:20,560 --> 00:35:21,880
nothing in a new country.

642
00:35:22,400 --> 00:35:24,320
Nobody would have thought
this was possible

643
00:35:24,440 --> 00:35:27,280
back in 1990, except for perhaps
Ed Saad,

644
00:35:27,280 --> 00:35:29,160
the cosmetics salesman,

645
00:35:29,480 --> 00:35:32,520
and Yegor Gaidar, the first
reformer

646
00:35:32,520 --> 00:35:33,880
of the post-Soviet economy.

647
00:35:37,360 --> 00:35:39,920
Well, Dmitry Borisovich?
No matter how much

648
00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:42,960
they laid into Gaidar, it turns
out that he was right.

649
00:35:43,120 --> 00:35:46,280
Only four years have passed
since '92

650
00:35:47,200 --> 00:35:48,920
and for the first time ever

651
00:35:49,040 --> 00:35:52,400
a Russian company is listing
Russian securities

652
00:35:52,600 --> 00:35:56,200
on the New York Stock Exchange.

653
00:35:56,440 --> 00:35:58,960
When we needed money to
develop our business,

654
00:35:59,000 --> 00:36:01,600
quite understandably, at one
time we lived off

655
00:36:02,080 --> 00:36:04,560
bank loans. But loans in Russia

656
00:36:04,680 --> 00:36:06,360
are very expensive,

657
00:36:06,720 --> 00:36:09,120
up to 30% per annum.
In the first stage,

658
00:36:09,280 --> 00:36:10,760
when business was booming,

659
00:36:10,840 --> 00:36:13,240
it was still acceptable.
But as soon as even

660
00:36:13,440 --> 00:36:15,080
a little bit goes towards
the interest,

661
00:36:15,200 --> 00:36:17,160
you can't develop business on
loans like that.

662
00:36:17,160 --> 00:36:19,400
Indeed, we should have fought
to have access,

663
00:36:19,440 --> 00:36:22,480
as in the rest of the world, to the
cheapest capital

664
00:36:22,680 --> 00:36:25,320
to grow the business. This cheapest
money is

665
00:36:25,320 --> 00:36:26,760
found on the exchanges.

666
00:36:31,280 --> 00:36:33,760
It was a first for the company,

667
00:36:34,640 --> 00:36:35,840
a first in history.

668
00:36:36,760 --> 00:36:40,280
There was actually a company in
the Russian Empire

669
00:36:40,280 --> 00:36:44,320
that went public.

670
00:36:44,880 --> 00:36:48,120
Under the blessing of Tsar Nicholas II,

671
00:36:48,480 --> 00:36:55,880
securing a loan for the construction

672
00:36:57,000 --> 00:37:00,040
of the Moscow-Vladivostok railroad.

673
00:37:00,720 --> 00:37:03,440
But this company gave up something
there, bonds,

674
00:37:03,440 --> 00:37:05,280
or something like that.

675
00:37:05,320 --> 00:37:07,680
And there was no stock exchange
structure itself.

676
00:37:08,560 --> 00:37:10,120
So as an exchange structure,
we were

677
00:37:10,120 --> 00:37:11,800
the first in history.

678
00:37:12,480 --> 00:37:13,200
Ever.

679
00:37:17,040 --> 00:37:19,880
And what did we give them as a gift,
was it a samovar?

680
00:37:22,800 --> 00:37:28,000
Nicholas the Czar had given
us Golden Samovar

681
00:37:28,160 --> 00:37:31,400
to the exchange when they
listed the bonds.

682
00:37:31,640 --> 00:37:34,640
And it sat in their boardroom,
because it's a very valuable piece.

683
00:37:35,040 --> 00:37:37,280
So today, if you go to the New York
Stock Exchange

684
00:37:37,520 --> 00:37:40,200
that sits in their boardroom.

685
00:37:40,920 --> 00:37:43,080
So from that, we got the idea
that we would give

686
00:37:43,080 --> 00:37:45,200
them a Gzhel samovar. And so that.

687
00:37:45,440 --> 00:37:47,720
There's a picture of it.

688
00:37:49,520 --> 00:37:50,840
We had the Russian flag.

689
00:37:51,080 --> 00:37:52,640
We get the US flag and we have

690
00:37:52,640 --> 00:37:54,840
the Beeline flag over the balcony.

691
00:37:55,760 --> 00:37:57,200
The whole Wall Street closed.

692
00:37:57,720 --> 00:38:00,520
We were doing all kinds of different
Russian culture events.

693
00:38:01,440 --> 00:38:04,560
First time ever, we brought Russian
dancers onto

694
00:38:04,560 --> 00:38:06,480
the stock exchange floor.

695
00:38:07,160 --> 00:38:09,880
On the stock exchange floor,
we had Russian dancers.

696
00:38:10,400 --> 00:38:11,760
Everyone, of course, stopped to look.

697
00:38:11,760 --> 00:38:13,360
It was incredible.

698
00:38:14,320 --> 00:38:17,600
I remember Augie's father, he was,

699
00:38:17,800 --> 00:38:19,760
In my opinion, happier than Augie.

700
00:38:22,640 --> 00:38:24,200
Do you remember your closing line

701
00:38:25,200 --> 00:38:27,440
at every speech that we made
for the road show?

702
00:38:27,560 --> 00:38:28,800
What was your closing line?

703
00:38:29,400 --> 00:38:30,560
Do you remember, in English?

704
00:38:31,320 --> 00:38:32,240
You said one phrase.

705
00:38:33,760 --> 00:38:35,600
I can try to remember.

706
00:38:36,200 --> 00:38:39,400
I memorized it by heart,
I've forgotten it now,

707
00:38:39,400 --> 00:38:41,880
Augie, remind me.

708
00:38:42,920 --> 00:38:43,880
I look forward...

709
00:38:46,400 --> 00:38:48,520
I look forward to a very
bright future.

710
00:38:50,960 --> 00:38:53,960
I look forward with...

711
00:38:55,040 --> 00:38:56,840
To a very bright future!

712
00:38:58,960 --> 00:38:59,600
Yes!

713
00:39:00,760 --> 00:39:02,120
Every speech he ended with

714
00:39:02,280 --> 00:39:04,400
“I look forward to a very
bright future.

715
00:39:04,680 --> 00:39:06,520
I look forward to a very
bright future.

716
00:39:07,800 --> 00:39:09,640
That was his trademark

717
00:39:09,680 --> 00:39:12,040
I also waved my arms around.

718
00:39:12,520 --> 00:39:14,680
We must have had 120
presentations.

719
00:39:25,160 --> 00:39:27,080
When, Dmitry Borisovich,
did you become

720
00:39:27,160 --> 00:39:28,160
a rich man?

721
00:39:29,800 --> 00:39:30,840
Don't you remember?

722
00:39:30,920 --> 00:39:32,240
But he never thinks like that.

723
00:39:35,400 --> 00:39:36,720
I'm a very bad conversation
partner.

724
00:39:36,760 --> 00:39:37,880
Well, I don't remember.

725
00:39:38,200 --> 00:39:39,400
No, he doesn't think like that.

726
00:39:39,440 --> 00:39:41,200
There was never a moment.

727
00:39:42,040 --> 00:39:42,880
I don't remember.

728
00:39:43,480 --> 00:39:46,520
I'm starting to remember.

729
00:39:48,760 --> 00:39:49,440
Now, just a second.

730
00:39:49,880 --> 00:39:53,840
I'm remembering what
I'm remembering.

731
00:39:55,560 --> 00:40:00,000
So this was the first time

732
00:40:02,560 --> 00:40:08,440
I ever heard that I was rich.

733
00:40:09,240 --> 00:40:10,160
Someone told me.

734
00:40:11,880 --> 00:40:16,240
We used to know a guy named
Rozhetskin. Lenya.

735
00:40:17,200 --> 00:40:20,360
Sometimes I went home not from

736
00:40:20,440 --> 00:40:21,520
the "Airport" subway station,

737
00:40:21,520 --> 00:40:22,880
but from the station "Dinamo",

738
00:40:22,880 --> 00:40:26,200
just so I could walk a bit through
the park.

739
00:40:27,440 --> 00:40:29,600
Sometimes I'd even walk all
the way home.

740
00:40:30,640 --> 00:40:34,920
Once I ran into Rozhetskin near
that "Dynamo" station.

741
00:40:36,160 --> 00:40:38,120
"Dmitry Borisovich, what are
you doing?" he says,

742
00:40:38,760 --> 00:40:41,480
"Why?." "Do you know how much
you're worth?"

743
00:40:42,960 --> 00:40:45,360
That's when for me this phrase ...

744
00:40:45,920 --> 00:40:48,440
I hadn't thought about it at all.

745
00:40:49,640 --> 00:40:51,760
And when he said to me, "You're
wandering around alone,

746
00:40:51,880 --> 00:40:53,440
but do you know how much you're worth?" .

747
00:40:54,280 --> 00:40:58,440
I couldn't begin to think of selling
Vimpelcom shares.

748
00:41:00,560 --> 00:41:04,200
It had nothing to do with wealth.

749
00:41:05,200 --> 00:41:07,840
How could I sell my shares?

750
00:41:08,200 --> 00:41:09,200
It was unthinkable.

751
00:41:09,800 --> 00:41:16,400
It would be like selling a child.
Unthinkable.

752
00:41:17,080 --> 00:41:20,240
I was considered a rich man,

753
00:41:21,880 --> 00:41:24,000
but only in name.

754
00:41:24,800 --> 00:41:28,960
That's how I felt, I remember it well.

755
00:41:29,600 --> 00:41:31,920
Was this time easy for you?

756
00:41:32,200 --> 00:41:35,000
Did you encountered any difficulties,

757
00:41:35,160 --> 00:41:38,320
resistance, or pressure?

758
00:41:38,720 --> 00:41:40,440
God bless you, whatever happened!

759
00:41:41,160 --> 00:41:43,400
In the early 1990s, after the fall

760
00:41:43,520 --> 00:41:46,040
of the Soviet Union, Moscow
saw a surge

761
00:41:46,120 --> 00:41:47,760
in violent organized crime.

762
00:41:48,680 --> 00:41:50,480
It was a fight for "protection."

763
00:41:51,600 --> 00:41:53,520
Gangs wanted us under their
umbrella and

764
00:41:54,120 --> 00:41:56,240
would then demand shares
in return.

765
00:41:58,000 --> 00:42:00,040
Wasn't it frightening?

766
00:42:00,400 --> 00:42:03,800
There actually were periods
when it was scary.

767
00:42:04,320 --> 00:42:07,800
I remember the moment I had
to get a security guard.

768
00:42:07,920 --> 00:42:08,640
When?

769
00:42:08,840 --> 00:42:09,520
I won't say!

770
00:42:11,160 --> 00:42:13,280
Quite late in the evening,
in the summer,

771
00:42:15,720 --> 00:42:17,960
at around midnight

772
00:42:18,480 --> 00:42:21,160
I was walking home, by the Rechnoy
Vokzal metro station,

773
00:42:23,120 --> 00:42:25,240
I concluded that, in many ways,

774
00:42:25,320 --> 00:42:28,400
Dr. Zimin was more naïve than I was.

775
00:42:29,120 --> 00:42:30,600
It was a deserted street.

776
00:42:31,880 --> 00:42:33,920
That neighborhood was pretty
empty at the time.

777
00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:37,480
A crowd of guys came up to me,

778
00:42:38,320 --> 00:42:39,600
I didn't pay any attention to them.

779
00:42:41,520 --> 00:42:44,360
Suddenly, out of nowhere,

780
00:42:45,920 --> 00:42:50,440
a couple of guys emerge from
this group,

781
00:42:51,000 --> 00:42:53,040
They come up to me in absolute silence

782
00:42:53,320 --> 00:42:56,880
and strike me in the face

783
00:42:57,320 --> 00:42:58,920
without saying a word.

784
00:42:59,960 --> 00:43:01,640
Bam! Silently.

785
00:43:03,200 --> 00:43:06,400
So, I tried to move and got hit again.

786
00:43:06,720 --> 00:43:10,640
I fell and they kicked me.

787
00:43:10,920 --> 00:43:13,720
I ended up with blood all over my face.

788
00:43:14,800 --> 00:43:16,960
And that's the state I came home in.

789
00:43:18,240 --> 00:43:21,160
Then all sorts of theories started
pouring in,

790
00:43:21,720 --> 00:43:25,120
It was obvious that they wanted
to intimidate me.

791
00:43:25,840 --> 00:43:28,040
They wanted to understand they
could do to me,

792
00:43:28,040 --> 00:43:29,880
they only hit me in the face,

793
00:43:29,880 --> 00:43:32,000
But they could have gone further.

794
00:43:32,680 --> 00:43:34,200
We routinely went through this with

795
00:43:34,320 --> 00:43:36,680
criminals in our office, and once I had to

796
00:43:36,840 --> 00:43:38,920
urgently escape to the United States.

797
00:43:40,840 --> 00:43:42,560
One of our early partners was actually

798
00:43:42,560 --> 00:43:45,680
killed, despite already having left
the company.

799
00:43:46,400 --> 00:43:48,520
Though I’d lived near Chicago,

800
00:43:48,880 --> 00:43:50,440
I had never encountered anything

801
00:43:50,600 --> 00:43:52,040
close to this kind of violence.

802
00:44:00,720 --> 00:44:02,200
Yeltsin was already gone and

803
00:44:02,280 --> 00:44:03,480
Putin was already there.

804
00:44:03,560 --> 00:44:04,800
What did you think of him?

805
00:44:05,480 --> 00:44:06,400
About Putin?

806
00:44:08,440 --> 00:44:10,760
I can barely remember now.

807
00:44:11,640 --> 00:44:14,200
I thought something like:

808
00:44:15,600 --> 00:44:18,680
he seems like a nice guy, but
he's a Chekist

809
00:44:18,840 --> 00:44:20,600
"Chekist" is an old term for

810
00:44:20,640 --> 00:44:22,080
the Soviet secret police,

811
00:44:22,400 --> 00:44:24,400
the predecessor of the KGB.

812
00:44:25,160 --> 00:44:26,480
Dim knew this word well

813
00:44:26,480 --> 00:44:27,920
from his early childhood.

814
00:44:29,400 --> 00:44:31,520
They aren't decent people.

815
00:44:31,760 --> 00:44:34,880
I had some vague suspicions.

816
00:44:34,960 --> 00:44:36,960
The fact that he's a Chekist was

817
00:44:37,160 --> 00:44:39,440
clearly a big question mark.

818
00:44:49,440 --> 00:44:51,000
So, good morning!

819
00:44:51,160 --> 00:44:52,400
Good morning!

820
00:45:00,000 --> 00:45:01,320
Good morning, good morning!

821
00:45:05,960 --> 00:45:07,280
Good morning, good morning!

822
00:45:14,440 --> 00:45:18,280
In '35, my father was arrested.

823
00:45:21,840 --> 00:45:25,880
I found out about it from my
'second mother',

824
00:45:27,880 --> 00:45:30,920
my nanny, who remembered
him being arrested

825
00:45:31,120 --> 00:45:32,520
and told me all about it.

826
00:45:32,840 --> 00:45:34,880
She told me, half-whispering,

827
00:45:34,880 --> 00:45:37,520
how they came for my father.

828
00:45:37,520 --> 00:45:40,160
Just so my mother wouldn’t hear,

829
00:45:40,280 --> 00:45:42,520
mom prohibited discussing it,
God forbid.

830
00:45:42,560 --> 00:45:45,200
“Oh, if only your father were alive...

831
00:45:46,360 --> 00:45:49,240
They had a whole crew that
was drinking,

832
00:45:49,400 --> 00:45:51,840
snacking and telling jokes.

833
00:45:52,520 --> 00:45:54,960
And someone reported it.

834
00:45:55,120 --> 00:45:56,600
I read that denunciation.

835
00:45:57,720 --> 00:45:59,840
Then it was then published.

836
00:46:04,080 --> 00:46:05,680
What makes a scumbag?

837
00:46:06,440 --> 00:46:08,520
Not from a journalist's point of view,

838
00:46:08,640 --> 00:46:10,280
but from a scientist's point of view.

839
00:46:10,360 --> 00:46:13,320
In the animal world, for a number
of reasons,

840
00:46:13,440 --> 00:46:15,800
a heightened sense of aggression

841
00:46:16,000 --> 00:46:18,520
is inherent in many, particularly
in males.

842
00:46:18,600 --> 00:46:20,000
Aggression is an attempt to assume

843
00:46:20,000 --> 00:46:21,320
a dominant position

844
00:46:21,360 --> 00:46:24,600
in any relationship with others.

845
00:46:24,880 --> 00:46:27,640
There are individuals in herds

846
00:46:27,800 --> 00:46:29,920
who cannot show their aggression.

847
00:46:30,080 --> 00:46:32,760
They're weak, they can't help it.

848
00:46:32,960 --> 00:46:36,120
They have the only way to show
aggression is

849
00:46:36,120 --> 00:46:39,120
to get closer to the leader,
the alpha male.

850
00:46:39,280 --> 00:46:40,680
Then under his protection, as a herd

851
00:46:40,680 --> 00:46:42,360
of monkeys would be,

852
00:46:42,400 --> 00:46:45,040
they can allow themselves
to throw feces

853
00:46:45,120 --> 00:46:47,560
at the stronger individuals.

854
00:46:48,560 --> 00:46:50,640
That's how they form a layer of scum

855
00:46:50,720 --> 00:46:52,560
around the leader over time.

856
00:46:53,960 --> 00:46:55,480
Should we even have met?

857
00:46:56,360 --> 00:46:59,080
Dim, a secretive Soviet radio engineer

858
00:46:59,080 --> 00:47:01,520
and intellectual, born into a family

859
00:47:01,520 --> 00:47:03,960
labelled as ‘enemies of the state’,

860
00:47:04,600 --> 00:47:06,960
lost his father to Stalin’s prison camps.

861
00:47:07,760 --> 00:47:11,000
And I’m an American,
son of immigrants,

862
00:47:11,520 --> 00:47:13,720
to whom my country has
given everything.

863
00:47:14,440 --> 00:47:15,840
We seemed worlds apart.

864
00:47:18,200 --> 00:47:20,120
Even up until Dim died,
we couldn’t

865
00:47:20,120 --> 00:47:22,960
fully explain what had brought
us together.

866
00:47:23,960 --> 00:47:26,680
From the start, there was
instant respect,

867
00:47:26,880 --> 00:47:28,840
endless loyalty, passion,

868
00:47:29,120 --> 00:47:30,760
and a shared sense of adventure.

869
00:47:32,440 --> 00:47:34,000
Simple human qualities

870
00:47:34,120 --> 00:47:35,480
connected us forever —

871
00:47:35,640 --> 00:47:37,240
Dim even became godfather

872
00:47:37,320 --> 00:47:38,280
of one of my sons.

873
00:47:39,400 --> 00:47:44,120
It just popped up on Facebook:

874
00:47:45,360 --> 00:47:47,760
What did business leaders do
when they were 18?

875
00:47:48,600 --> 00:47:51,480
Dmitry Zimin, founder of Vimpelcom.

876
00:47:51,640 --> 00:47:54,680
Dynasty Foundation.
The Enlightener Awards.

877
00:47:55,440 --> 00:47:59,360
I completely forgot it.
To read it out loud?

878
00:48:00,560 --> 00:48:05,480
Spring of '51, our great leader
is still alive

879
00:48:06,040 --> 00:48:07,560
Our friend and teacher.

880
00:48:08,520 --> 00:48:10,000
We live in a communal apartment

881
00:48:10,040 --> 00:48:11,480
in Bolshoy Afanasievsky Pereulok

882
00:48:13,320 --> 00:48:16,400
with queues to wash up at the tap
in the kitchen and

883
00:48:16,520 --> 00:48:19,440
in the restroom. The word "toilet"
was not used then,

884
00:48:19,720 --> 00:48:21,280
at least not in our apartment.

885
00:48:22,920 --> 00:48:25,240
There was no toilet paper either.

886
00:48:25,240 --> 00:48:27,440
Speaking of which, you could
get into a lot of trouble

887
00:48:27,480 --> 00:48:29,280
if you accidentally hung
a newspaper with the

888
00:48:29,480 --> 00:48:31,640
portrait of the leader
in the restroom.

889
00:48:32,280 --> 00:48:33,520
There was no bathtub or shower

890
00:48:33,520 --> 00:48:34,840
in the apartment.

891
00:48:35,240 --> 00:48:38,720
But I already knew that I want
to be a radio engineer.

892
00:48:38,840 --> 00:48:40,480
And that's what I ended up being.

893
00:48:48,960 --> 00:48:51,160
Oh, my God!

894
00:48:51,560 --> 00:48:55,960
I started photography at a young age,

895
00:48:56,360 --> 00:48:58,920
I think I might have been
in seventh grade?

896
00:49:02,600 --> 00:49:05,600
I negotiated a deal with
my parents for a night.

897
00:49:05,600 --> 00:49:07,280
We had two rooms

898
00:49:08,040 --> 00:49:10,560
One room was given to me.

899
00:49:10,760 --> 00:49:12,280
No one was allowed in or out.

900
00:49:12,280 --> 00:49:14,160
The windows were curtained.

901
00:49:15,840 --> 00:49:18,280
I dragged in buckets of water,

902
00:49:19,840 --> 00:49:21,440
There were these special tubs.

903
00:49:22,440 --> 00:49:24,680
When I built up a mountain
of photos

904
00:49:24,680 --> 00:49:26,760
I'd move to the kitchen tap.

905
00:49:28,320 --> 00:49:31,920
The neighbors were understanding.

906
00:49:33,920 --> 00:49:35,760
My pièce de resistance is

907
00:49:36,320 --> 00:49:37,640
a homemade TV set.

908
00:49:38,160 --> 00:49:39,960
The only one in our
communal apartment.

909
00:49:40,560 --> 00:49:42,600
I earned some money by repairing

910
00:49:42,600 --> 00:49:45,160
receivers and TV sets.

911
00:49:45,960 --> 00:49:49,120
At times, it would blow me away
with thoughts and feelings

912
00:49:49,280 --> 00:49:52,080
you couldn't share with my relatives.

913
00:49:57,360 --> 00:49:58,840
Mom.

914
00:49:59,280 --> 00:50:01,600
They were coming from
the Dokshitsi place.

915
00:50:01,840 --> 00:50:03,000
Their family name is Dokshitsky.

916
00:50:03,640 --> 00:50:04,880
First of all, then,

917
00:50:05,800 --> 00:50:07,760
even before the revolution,

918
00:50:09,200 --> 00:50:11,680
the Pale of Settlement line collapsed.

919
00:50:13,640 --> 00:50:15,760
So, Jews were allowed to
live in big cities.

920
00:50:15,760 --> 00:50:18,320
They rushed to St.-Petersburg
and Moscow.

921
00:50:19,120 --> 00:50:20,880
Mom was among them.

922
00:50:27,520 --> 00:50:29,560
She worked as a stenographer
and typist.

923
00:50:29,760 --> 00:50:31,400
It was very much appreciated
back then.

924
00:50:31,520 --> 00:50:35,440
I was born to the sound of a typewriter,

925
00:50:35,840 --> 00:50:38,400
it typed us to life.

926
00:50:39,440 --> 00:50:40,560
24 hours a day.

927
00:50:42,480 --> 00:50:45,080
I'd never seen her documents.

928
00:50:45,840 --> 00:50:49,160
The only thing I really didn't know

929
00:50:50,840 --> 00:50:56,240
is that before my father

930
00:50:58,200 --> 00:51:01,080
she was married, I had no idea.

931
00:51:05,880 --> 00:51:06,720
Mom.

932
00:51:08,480 --> 00:51:10,840
Her first husband  was also repressed.

933
00:51:11,160 --> 00:51:12,560
As my father.

934
00:51:14,280 --> 00:51:15,160
He died.

935
00:51:17,680 --> 00:51:21,040
She was dragged around
for interrogations.

936
00:51:22,720 --> 00:51:25,200
No, talking about political topics

937
00:51:25,200 --> 00:51:27,360
was categorically avoided.

938
00:51:29,400 --> 00:51:32,800
She'd learnt from her experience.

939
00:51:37,720 --> 00:51:40,000
Stalin is the name of Russia.

940
00:51:40,160 --> 00:51:45,720
Where does someone get this
love for your master?

941
00:51:46,240 --> 00:51:49,720
We witnessed something
absolutely insane

942
00:51:50,440 --> 00:51:57,520
where people began not only to fear,

943
00:51:58,480 --> 00:52:03,040
but also to love their tormentors.

944
00:52:03,480 --> 00:52:07,680
A member of the herd is
afraid of his leader

945
00:52:08,120 --> 00:52:09,800
because he can do anything to him.

946
00:52:10,600 --> 00:52:12,760
But it is easier for him to survive this

947
00:52:13,280 --> 00:52:14,760
if he begins not only to be afraid of,

948
00:52:14,760 --> 00:52:16,000
but to love his tormentor.

949
00:52:16,960 --> 00:52:20,120
It’s easier for him to live,
it’s easier to reproduce,

950
00:52:20,880 --> 00:52:22,520
If he loves his tormentor.

951
00:52:30,440 --> 00:52:33,120
What are your impressions,
if you're honest

952
00:52:33,560 --> 00:52:36,080
about the last journey of our lives?

953
00:52:39,040 --> 00:52:40,160
Pleasant.

954
00:52:41,800 --> 00:52:42,520
Yes.

955
00:53:00,760 --> 00:53:04,160
So that gives me the right
to smoke a cigarette.

956
00:53:06,600 --> 00:53:10,000
One cigarette, Mayechka, okay?

957
00:53:11,280 --> 00:53:12,640
One single cigarette.

958
00:53:13,840 --> 00:53:16,720
I'll go get a cigarette if I even
have one here.

959
00:53:17,240 --> 00:53:22,040
I will then allow myself the pleasure

960
00:53:23,280 --> 00:53:24,720
of spanking you.

961
00:53:26,880 --> 00:53:29,640
There's nothing posing a threat
to my health anymore.

962
00:53:31,160 --> 00:53:32,480
And you’re robbing me of happiness.

963
00:53:32,680 --> 00:53:35,320
In the name of what? Why?

964
00:53:35,600 --> 00:53:38,720
What kind of a long life is this?

965
00:53:39,040 --> 00:53:41,040
What matters is the quality of life.

966
00:53:44,960 --> 00:53:48,520
To deny yourself pleasure for the

967
00:53:49,240 --> 00:53:51,320
sake of better health?

968
00:53:51,960 --> 00:53:55,720
Why? What's this health thing for then?

969
00:53:57,040 --> 00:53:58,400
To live for a long time?

970
00:53:58,680 --> 00:53:59,760
How much longer?

971
00:53:59,960 --> 00:54:02,680
Why? For what?

972
00:54:15,120 --> 00:54:17,400
Is physical immortality attainable?

973
00:54:18,680 --> 00:54:19,920
I don't think so.

974
00:54:20,040 --> 00:54:25,040
Prolonging life may simply be immoral.

975
00:54:25,960 --> 00:54:27,200
You can't do that.

976
00:54:27,760 --> 00:54:30,200
The renewal of life, the change of life is

977
00:54:30,760 --> 00:54:34,280
absolutely necessary for its continuation.

978
00:54:34,360 --> 00:54:41,200
It's just like constant, unchanging power.

979
00:54:49,280 --> 00:54:51,400
Let's remember "Borodino."

980
00:54:54,240 --> 00:54:56,480
- Hey tell, old man, had we a cause

981
00:54:56,760 --> 00:54:59,160
When Moscow, razed by fire,
once was

982
00:54:59,360 --> 00:55:01,160
Given up to Frenchman’s blow?

983
00:55:02,720 --> 00:55:05,520
Old-timers talk about some frays,

984
00:55:06,480 --> 00:55:09,520
And they remember well
those days!

985
00:55:09,800 --> 00:55:13,080
With cause all Russia fashions
lays about Borodino!

986
00:55:22,560 --> 00:55:24,240
One thing no one knows
anything about is

987
00:55:24,440 --> 00:55:26,960
how I married Maya Pavlovna.

988
00:55:28,320 --> 00:55:30,320
What it was like. I had a friend,
Valera Sotin,

989
00:55:31,320 --> 00:55:34,640
we used to go camping together
in the summer.

990
00:55:35,080 --> 00:55:36,960
He said: "Let's go camping,
I have a friend

991
00:55:37,080 --> 00:55:39,840
who is an archaeologist
and organizes

992
00:55:39,960 --> 00:55:42,400
expeditions. You can go camping,

993
00:55:42,600 --> 00:55:44,200
and they'll pay you for it.

994
00:55:46,360 --> 00:55:48,280
Somewhere in Novgorod province.

995
00:55:50,480 --> 00:55:51,920
Anyway, I'd been contracted as

996
00:55:52,040 --> 00:55:53,120
a chauffeur there.

997
00:55:53,960 --> 00:55:56,000
I liked it a lot.

998
00:55:56,120 --> 00:56:00,360
A driver was considered a very
respected person.

999
00:56:00,600 --> 00:56:02,720
The places where Maya

1000
00:56:03,080 --> 00:56:06,760
conducted her excavations are
absolutely incredible.

1001
00:56:17,240 --> 00:56:19,080
My father's relatives.

1002
00:56:24,920 --> 00:56:26,040
My dead father.

1003
00:56:27,120 --> 00:56:28,720
They lived in the village Losinka,

1004
00:56:29,360 --> 00:56:32,800
which I remembered as one
of the most

1005
00:56:33,000 --> 00:56:36,080
joyful places of my childhood.

1006
00:56:36,720 --> 00:56:40,480
This house in Losinka was full
of books.

1007
00:56:40,800 --> 00:56:44,400
Books were all that was left
of the very rich,

1008
00:56:44,680 --> 00:56:46,200
I didn't realize it at the time,

1009
00:56:46,520 --> 00:56:49,200
I later learned that the Zimin
family was very rich.

1010
00:56:51,160 --> 00:56:52,920
We absolutely need

1011
00:56:52,960 --> 00:56:54,600
to understand our history,

1012
00:56:55,280 --> 00:56:57,000
which has not yet occurred.

1013
00:56:57,520 --> 00:56:59,920
100-odd years ago we had

1014
00:57:01,080 --> 00:57:03,920
this catastrophe in our country.

1015
00:57:04,040 --> 00:57:07,760
This is essentially the rise to power

1016
00:57:07,760 --> 00:57:10,920
of the Chekists, the Communists,

1017
00:57:11,840 --> 00:57:16,680
who are still in power there,
if only in disguise.

1018
00:57:17,280 --> 00:57:19,920
This doomed the country

1019
00:57:22,320 --> 00:57:24,080
to a very modest set of achievements.

1020
00:57:27,120 --> 00:57:30,640
My grandfather was a big manufacturer.

1021
00:57:33,560 --> 00:57:36,320
These were really people of
a very different culture.

1022
00:57:49,400 --> 00:57:53,480
Alexander Guchkov, the head of
the State Duma (the Parliament),

1023
00:57:54,040 --> 00:57:58,760
was my grandmother's cousin.

1024
00:57:59,200 --> 00:58:03,920
Obviously this was kept secret
in the family.

1025
00:58:04,160 --> 00:58:07,000
I remember some time

1026
00:58:07,000 --> 00:58:10,520
towards the end of the WW2,

1027
00:58:10,600 --> 00:58:14,800
my Aunt Lena told me that in some
of her documents,

1028
00:58:15,040 --> 00:58:17,280
where you had to list your relatives,

1029
00:58:17,600 --> 00:58:19,440
she carefully corrected one
letter in her surname:

1030
00:58:19,560 --> 00:58:20,720
Guchkov to Tuchkov.

1031
00:58:23,800 --> 00:58:27,000
He was Head of the Provisional
Government,

1032
00:58:27,080 --> 00:58:29,080
Chairman of the Tsarist Duma,

1033
00:58:29,440 --> 00:58:32,360
it was unthinkable

1034
00:58:34,600 --> 00:58:36,520
to be related to someone like that.

1035
00:58:36,520 --> 00:58:38,680
Of course, the whole affair
was covered up.

1036
00:58:42,800 --> 00:58:46,240
And from this dynasty the only
thing I have left is

1037
00:58:46,520 --> 00:58:50,080
the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus
and Ephron.

1038
00:58:50,080 --> 00:58:51,520
A completely unnecessary book.

1039
00:58:53,560 --> 00:59:00,760
I think what depresses me the most,

1040
00:59:02,320 --> 00:59:03,960
what evokes a sense of grief is

1041
00:59:05,160 --> 00:59:08,160
maybe not even the history of that

1042
00:59:08,160 --> 00:59:10,560
particular family.

1043
00:59:10,560 --> 00:59:12,120
I have the impression that Russia

1044
00:59:12,160 --> 00:59:14,320
was shot down at takeoff,

1045
00:59:14,680 --> 00:59:20,600
that this wasn't just the fate
of my kind.

1046
00:59:21,520 --> 00:59:24,080
Thousands and thousands
of other families.

1047
00:59:24,320 --> 00:59:27,240
A massive tragedy took place
in the history

1048
00:59:27,360 --> 00:59:29,200
of the country, Russia was shot
down on takeoff.

1049
00:59:29,600 --> 00:59:32,160
The emigration of Zworykin,
an inventor of television,

1050
00:59:32,440 --> 00:59:34,120
cost Russia,

1051
00:59:34,440 --> 00:59:37,320
because television was invented
in the US, not in Russia,

1052
00:59:37,520 --> 00:59:40,920
it cost Russia, as I was sho?ked
to find out,

1053
00:59:41,360 --> 00:59:43,880
multiple times the value of
country's annual GDP.

1054
00:59:46,200 --> 00:59:48,760
The same thing with Sergey Brin,
a young guy,

1055
00:59:48,840 --> 00:59:51,160
he is a co-founder of Google,
for our viewers.

1056
00:59:51,240 --> 00:59:55,760
It is estimated it cost 2 - 3 time
Russia's annual budget.

1057
00:59:56,280 --> 00:59:59,000
Now were it not for these tragic events,

1058
00:59:59,360 --> 01:00:00,720
this would be one of the greatest

1059
01:00:00,720 --> 01:00:02,120
countries in the world,

1060
01:00:02,280 --> 01:00:06,080
which prides itself not on the number
of tanks produced,

1061
01:00:07,080 --> 01:00:09,880
but on the standard of living
in the country.

1062
01:00:10,480 --> 01:00:13,480
And it was all destroyed, shot.

1063
01:00:15,240 --> 01:00:17,800
Or emigrated.

1064
01:00:20,720 --> 01:00:23,880
What year did I graduate high school
and go to college?

1065
01:00:24,120 --> 01:00:24,880
I've forgotten.

1066
01:00:25,720 --> 01:00:27,800
I graduated in '54.

1067
01:00:29,240 --> 01:00:31,080
Well, you're young.

1068
01:00:32,160 --> 01:00:36,800
And you're three years older.

1069
01:00:37,160 --> 01:00:38,680
I've forgotten completely.

1070
01:00:39,840 --> 01:00:42,320
I finished first grade...

1071
01:00:42,320 --> 01:00:43,640
‘41 - ’42, one moment...

1072
01:00:43,840 --> 01:00:47,920
In 1942 I finished the first grade.

1073
01:00:48,120 --> 01:00:51,080
So, in 1952 , 10 years later

1074
01:00:51,320 --> 01:00:52,360
I graduated from high school.

1075
01:00:53,280 --> 01:00:55,960
In '52, I started university.

1076
01:01:11,840 --> 01:01:16,760
I have already said once

1077
01:01:22,800 --> 01:01:26,760
that my life really came to be as
it is by some

1078
01:01:27,880 --> 01:01:30,440
happy accident:

1079
01:01:31,960 --> 01:01:33,880
my mother taught me in her time,

1080
01:01:35,520 --> 01:01:39,840
when I was 15 or 16 years old,

1081
01:01:40,080 --> 01:01:41,760
when I had to fill out the first
questionnaires,

1082
01:01:41,960 --> 01:01:43,720
I never once wrote that

1083
01:01:43,720 --> 01:01:45,320
my father was repressed.

1084
01:01:45,440 --> 01:01:46,600
I wrote that my father died when

1085
01:01:46,600 --> 01:01:48,040
I was two years old.

1086
01:01:48,040 --> 01:01:49,040
It was true,

1087
01:01:49,600 --> 01:01:51,480
I just didn't write where he died,

1088
01:01:51,560 --> 01:01:53,320
and he died in the Gulag.

1089
01:01:54,000 --> 01:01:55,920
Otherwise, I wouldn't have seen
either the

1090
01:01:56,040 --> 01:01:58,440
aviation institute or the radio
department.

1091
01:01:58,640 --> 01:02:00,440
My mom followed up on that.

1092
01:02:00,560 --> 01:02:03,360
Only did I go through with it, stuck

1093
01:02:03,360 --> 01:02:06,200
my tongue out, filled out this form,

1094
01:02:06,200 --> 01:02:07,800
and made myself a copy.

1095
01:02:07,840 --> 01:02:09,280
After that, no matter how many forms

1096
01:02:09,320 --> 01:02:09,960
I filled out,

1097
01:02:10,080 --> 01:02:11,440
I'd always write the same thing.

1098
01:02:16,120 --> 01:02:18,480
It never showed up once.

1099
01:02:20,600 --> 01:02:21,960
Not to mention that my passport

1100
01:02:21,960 --> 01:02:23,560
stated that I was Russian, not Jewish.

1101
01:02:25,640 --> 01:02:27,080
This is an important feature

1102
01:02:27,080 --> 01:02:27,920
of my biography.

1103
01:02:29,640 --> 01:02:32,520
I'm not sure if I had registered
as Jewish,

1104
01:02:32,720 --> 01:02:37,760
I would have seen an elite radar
faculty.

1105
01:02:38,960 --> 01:02:41,520
A anti-Jewish pogromic mood
hung in the air.

1106
01:02:44,760 --> 01:02:51,280
The institute was at the Sokol
subway station,

1107
01:02:51,680 --> 01:02:53,840
the final stop, and I had to take a tram.

1108
01:02:56,080 --> 01:03:01,000
I walked sometimes, sometimes
I took a tram,

1109
01:03:02,040 --> 01:03:03,360
but I was starting to get scared

1110
01:03:03,360 --> 01:03:04,800
of riding the tram.

1111
01:03:05,520 --> 01:03:07,880
The pogrom feeling hung in the air.

1112
01:03:08,800 --> 01:03:10,920
I didn't have the nerve to deny
having a Jewish face,

1113
01:03:11,040 --> 01:03:13,880
I didn't have the nerve, especially if

1114
01:03:14,040 --> 01:03:16,400
I was with my mom,

1115
01:03:16,400 --> 01:03:18,480
who was clearly jewish.

1116
01:03:22,120 --> 01:03:26,720
This humiliation was really distressing.

1117
01:03:29,800 --> 01:03:31,200
The circle that I've gravitated to

1118
01:03:31,200 --> 01:03:32,600
all my life,

1119
01:03:32,600 --> 01:03:34,680
starting from my school years,

1120
01:03:34,680 --> 01:03:36,320
from the '59th' school

1121
01:03:36,640 --> 01:03:38,520
in Starokonyushenny Peruolok,

1122
01:03:38,760 --> 01:03:40,040
and then at the Institute, and so on.

1123
01:03:41,720 --> 01:03:45,280
I have little recollection of

1124
01:03:47,120 --> 01:03:48,840
any other conversations

1125
01:03:48,840 --> 01:03:50,720
relating to power other than

1126
01:03:51,560 --> 01:03:52,840
rejecting it.

1127
01:03:55,480 --> 01:03:58,240
Contempt, resentment.

1128
01:03:58,240 --> 01:04:00,840
Resentment and indignation.

1129
01:04:01,160 --> 01:04:04,200
People who are interested in science,

1130
01:04:04,360 --> 01:04:08,040
they're different across all industries.

1131
01:04:08,800 --> 01:04:12,720
They all somehow end up being
called dissidents.

1132
01:04:13,080 --> 01:04:15,800
Otherwise, science can't be done.

1133
01:04:19,920 --> 01:04:22,800
Why did so many dissidents
come from

1134
01:04:22,800 --> 01:04:26,600
physics, but far fewer came
from the humanities?

1135
01:04:27,040 --> 01:04:29,200
Is it from being used to systematic

1136
01:04:29,200 --> 01:04:30,760
thinking, to conspiracy, why is it?

1137
01:04:32,560 --> 01:04:35,040
I guess, at least for the ones I knew,

1138
01:04:35,040 --> 01:04:37,360
from here and there

1139
01:04:37,520 --> 01:04:41,720
among physicists. You see,
maybe it's because

1140
01:04:43,400 --> 01:04:48,680
in the exact sciences like physics,
maths well,

1141
01:04:49,280 --> 01:04:51,040
there's a kind of vulgarity in

1142
01:04:51,040 --> 01:04:52,960
what I'm about to say.

1143
01:04:52,960 --> 01:04:55,200
I mean, they require absolute
honesty.

1144
01:04:57,560 --> 01:04:59,520
Innovators, as a rule, are not

1145
01:04:59,720 --> 01:05:02,040
conventionally-minded people.

1146
01:05:02,040 --> 01:05:05,240
They are different.
They are dissenters.

1147
01:05:05,880 --> 01:05:07,240
These people are passionate,

1148
01:05:07,240 --> 01:05:08,720
and there are very few of them.

1149
01:05:09,000 --> 01:05:10,920
How they live their lives and
what they create is

1150
01:05:11,120 --> 01:05:12,840
determined not only by money.

1151
01:05:13,320 --> 01:05:15,640
We won't succeed

1152
01:05:16,160 --> 01:05:19,480
if we do not develop a
respect for dissent

1153
01:05:20,120 --> 01:05:21,320
to other people.

1154
01:05:22,280 --> 01:05:26,520
'53. I remember Stalin's death
very well.

1155
01:05:30,000 --> 01:05:31,040
Oh, my God!

1156
01:05:34,560 --> 01:05:36,440
I don't know whether it was

1157
01:05:36,520 --> 01:05:38,360
a tragedy, a farce, a mockery,

1158
01:05:38,520 --> 01:05:40,280
I didn't keep the paper for

1159
01:05:40,400 --> 01:05:42,000
when my father was rehabilitated,

1160
01:05:43,600 --> 01:05:46,360
my mother received his salary for,

1161
01:05:47,400 --> 01:05:48,560
I don't remember whether it was

1162
01:05:48,560 --> 01:05:49,720
for two or three months.

1163
01:05:49,840 --> 01:05:51,520
She was hysterical.

1164
01:05:53,600 --> 01:05:55,880
It happened at the same time:

1165
01:05:56,080 --> 01:05:59,680
we were given his rehabilitation
and paycheck.

1166
01:06:08,880 --> 01:06:11,120
The fact that he's a Chekist was

1167
01:06:11,320 --> 01:06:13,680
clearly a big question mark.

1168
01:06:13,720 --> 01:06:18,000
Now regarding whether Russia

1169
01:06:18,000 --> 01:06:20,520
will use military force

1170
01:06:20,560 --> 01:06:23,280
without UN sanctions?

1171
01:06:24,440 --> 01:06:26,520
We will always act strictly

1172
01:06:26,520 --> 01:06:29,720
within the framework of
international law.

1173
01:06:30,800 --> 01:06:32,040
Let's put it this way:

1174
01:06:32,120 --> 01:06:34,440
what's happening now makes
me sad.

1175
01:06:35,800 --> 01:06:38,560
What is happening in
the country now

1176
01:06:38,680 --> 01:06:40,160
makes me want to cry.

1177
01:06:40,880 --> 01:06:43,480
This feeling is like we've become
a different country.

1178
01:06:43,920 --> 01:06:45,760
Then it was time for hope,

1179
01:06:45,920 --> 01:06:50,800
and now it's just about survival.

1180
01:06:51,200 --> 01:06:52,880
Do you remember the meeting
of major

1181
01:06:52,880 --> 01:06:54,800
businessmen that Putin came to?

1182
01:06:55,120 --> 01:06:57,600
The one happened a month after
Khodorkovsky's arrest,

1183
01:06:57,840 --> 01:06:59,760
in October 2003.

1184
01:07:08,240 --> 01:07:11,880
When Putin came and said:
everything is fine, you can relax.

1185
01:07:12,040 --> 01:07:14,080
The famous congress of the Russian Union

1186
01:07:14,080 --> 01:07:15,840
of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs,

1187
01:07:16,440 --> 01:07:20,520
that greeted Putin with
a standing ovation.

1188
01:07:20,960 --> 01:07:25,600
In one newspaper article

1189
01:07:25,680 --> 01:07:30,080
the headline was: loud and
prolonged applause,

1190
01:07:30,240 --> 01:07:32,280
everyone stands up to avoid
going to jail.

1191
01:07:35,280 --> 01:07:40,680
What was happening there?

1192
01:07:41,000 --> 01:07:44,120
Augie can add something maybe.

1193
01:07:44,840 --> 01:07:49,880
We were mostly a Moscow-based
company.

1194
01:07:50,160 --> 01:07:51,360
The business was in Moscow.

1195
01:07:53,440 --> 01:07:55,600
I put in a lot of effort back then,

1196
01:07:55,760 --> 01:07:57,800
fighting for licenses for the regions.

1197
01:07:57,880 --> 01:07:59,280
It was clear that we needed
to expand

1198
01:07:59,280 --> 01:08:00,520
to other regions.

1199
01:08:01,680 --> 01:08:04,200
That would have cost a colossal
amount of money.

1200
01:08:05,960 --> 01:08:08,920
It became clear to me pretty quickly,

1201
01:08:10,280 --> 01:08:12,960
that in order to develop the company,

1202
01:08:12,960 --> 01:08:15,400
you would need to spend money.

1203
01:08:19,440 --> 01:08:21,320
And that I would lose controlling
interest.

1204
01:08:22,280 --> 01:08:25,240
If I have to dilute control

1205
01:08:26,160 --> 01:08:28,240
to grow the company.

1206
01:08:29,360 --> 01:08:31,800
I'll leave business altogether.

1207
01:08:32,800 --> 01:08:34,680
Why did you decide to leave
the company

1208
01:08:34,840 --> 01:08:38,440
right as it was exploding? It was
in 2001, as I recall.

1209
01:08:38,720 --> 01:08:40,200
It was completely informed decision.

1210
01:08:41,240 --> 01:08:43,160
A very important factor was that

1211
01:08:43,920 --> 01:08:49,720
the situation in politics had changed.

1212
01:08:50,880 --> 01:08:53,040
There were a lot of factors,
and they came

1213
01:08:53,280 --> 01:08:55,440
together at the same time:

1214
01:08:55,560 --> 01:08:59,680
the rise to power of the Putin’s crew
from St. Petersburg,

1215
01:08:59,920 --> 01:09:03,200
and the emergence of certain officials

1216
01:09:03,400 --> 01:09:06,040
who found themselves in a
conflict of interest.

1217
01:09:06,240 --> 01:09:09,560
They regulated business
on the one hand,

1218
01:09:09,760 --> 01:09:11,000
and on the other hand, they were

1219
01:09:11,000 --> 01:09:12,000
businessmen themselves.

1220
01:09:23,800 --> 01:09:26,760
There's a competitor who
gets everything.

1221
01:09:26,960 --> 01:09:28,920
They won't give you anything.

1222
01:09:30,600 --> 01:09:33,760
Yeah, it was a dead end.

1223
01:09:34,480 --> 01:09:35,640
I realized that we were facing

1224
01:09:35,640 --> 01:09:37,240
a government intervention

1225
01:09:37,880 --> 01:09:39,360
aimed at hurting our business.

1226
01:09:40,720 --> 01:09:42,200
We could see it happening.

1227
01:09:43,840 --> 01:09:45,920
Reiman was a minister, and
at the same time

1228
01:09:45,920 --> 01:09:49,480
he had his own cellular company,

1229
01:09:49,640 --> 01:09:51,080
based in St. Petersburg.

1230
01:09:51,800 --> 01:09:54,080
He aggressively helped develop
this company

1231
01:09:54,080 --> 01:09:56,560
where he was a shareholder,

1232
01:09:56,560 --> 01:09:57,840
it wasn't even very secret.

1233
01:09:58,280 --> 01:10:00,320
Moreover, as soon as he
became a minister,

1234
01:10:00,560 --> 01:10:02,720
this company got a free license

1235
01:10:02,720 --> 01:10:04,800
for the whole of Russia.

1236
01:10:07,480 --> 01:10:09,640
Which, of course, is completely
unthinkable.

1237
01:10:12,880 --> 01:10:16,040
In this respect, it was obvious that

1238
01:10:16,360 --> 01:10:18,360
we were losing competitiveness
precisely

1239
01:10:18,520 --> 01:10:21,800
because of the shameless use

1240
01:10:21,920 --> 01:10:25,920
of administrative resources
for his company.

1241
01:10:25,920 --> 01:10:27,440
It was pure thuggery.

1242
01:10:28,120 --> 01:10:30,200
He was a minister and business
owner

1243
01:10:31,840 --> 01:10:33,400
and administrative power was
used for

1244
01:10:33,400 --> 01:10:34,800
the benefit of his company.

1245
01:10:35,040 --> 01:10:38,840
It was obvious, and I could do
nothing about it.

1246
01:10:40,280 --> 01:10:42,160
We were being targeted and attacked.

1247
01:10:43,160 --> 01:10:45,400
But dealing with these kinds
of problems was

1248
01:10:45,480 --> 01:10:48,960
very different to the organized
crime of the ‘90s.

1249
01:10:49,960 --> 01:10:52,200
The type of craziness and its intensity

1250
01:10:52,400 --> 01:10:53,320
had changed.

1251
01:10:54,080 --> 01:10:55,920
Everything was clear to me.

1252
01:10:56,920 --> 01:11:00,240
And so almost simultaneously with

1253
01:11:01,960 --> 01:11:07,720
the sale of the shareholdings,

1254
01:11:08,480 --> 01:11:10,440
and essentially the transfer of control

1255
01:11:10,440 --> 01:11:11,480
was my resignation.

1256
01:11:14,160 --> 01:11:16,400
I mean, it was all leading up to it.

1257
01:11:16,640 --> 01:11:19,400
Anyway, I decided I'd rather do it myself

1258
01:11:19,520 --> 01:11:21,480
than have someone else do it to me.

1259
01:11:27,440 --> 01:11:30,880
All this was happening step by step,

1260
01:11:31,080 --> 01:11:33,840
we were gradually coming to
the point where

1261
01:11:34,040 --> 01:11:36,680
we are no longer, in fact, a federation,

1262
01:11:36,840 --> 01:11:39,800
but a unitary state. In fact,
the Constitution

1263
01:11:39,800 --> 01:11:41,360
is completely dysfunctional.

1264
01:11:41,360 --> 01:11:45,840
In the same hands is both
political power

1265
01:11:47,400 --> 01:11:50,680
and control over all branches
of government:

1266
01:11:51,000 --> 01:11:53,200
judicial, executive and legislative.

1267
01:11:54,120 --> 01:11:57,400
And the main financial proceeds
coming

1268
01:11:57,400 --> 01:12:00,400
from oil are in those same hands.

1269
01:12:00,920 --> 01:12:03,240
I remember when Boris Nemtsov,

1270
01:12:04,120 --> 01:12:05,880
a man I respect,

1271
01:12:13,960 --> 01:12:17,000
he said that he would now sit
in defiance

1272
01:12:17,800 --> 01:12:21,440
when the national anthem was played,
and all of that.

1273
01:12:21,640 --> 01:12:24,120
It was all very painful for me as well.

1274
01:12:32,360 --> 01:12:33,720
That's how he was thinking.

1275
01:12:33,920 --> 01:12:37,200
He was instinctually smart enough
to say, "It's time."

1276
01:12:37,720 --> 01:12:38,720
It’s time.

1277
01:12:39,200 --> 01:12:40,800
And that was the bigger decision

1278
01:12:41,920 --> 01:12:43,280
not being done with Vimpelcom.

1279
01:12:43,600 --> 01:12:45,720
It's saying, "I will finish all
my commercial activities.

1280
01:12:45,720 --> 01:12:49,240
I will do only philanthropy 100%.

1281
01:12:49,760 --> 01:12:52,240
I will no longer do anything
business related"

1282
01:12:52,480 --> 01:12:53,600
which is extraordinary.

1283
01:12:54,360 --> 01:12:55,440
A whole new career.

1284
01:12:56,720 --> 01:12:57,680
A whole new life.

1285
01:12:58,320 --> 01:12:58,760
Maybe.

1286
01:13:00,920 --> 01:13:01,480
Maybe.

1287
01:13:13,080 --> 01:13:15,120
My friends!

1288
01:13:20,680 --> 01:13:22,520
The next major stage of my life

1289
01:13:22,520 --> 01:13:24,760
was retirement.

1290
01:13:25,200 --> 01:13:28,280
From 2001 to 2016, it is philanthropy,

1291
01:13:28,480 --> 01:13:30,240
it's the Dynasty Foundation.

1292
01:13:30,560 --> 01:13:32,240
I was never a billionaire.

1293
01:13:32,400 --> 01:13:36,000
I was a millionaire, even
a multimillionaire,

1294
01:13:36,080 --> 01:13:38,200
but I wasn't a billionaire.

1295
01:13:38,840 --> 01:13:42,360
Long story short, I made a trust

1296
01:13:43,720 --> 01:13:47,960
where I gave 90% of all my money.

1297
01:13:50,560 --> 01:13:52,920
This was under a very strict
written condition

1298
01:13:54,280 --> 01:14:00,200
that the beneficiary of this money
cannot be me,

1299
01:14:00,520 --> 01:14:03,880
nor my heirs, nor any of my relatives.

1300
01:14:04,000 --> 01:14:05,320
Only for charity.

1301
01:14:05,440 --> 01:14:08,320
My son and wife supported
this decision.

1302
01:14:08,680 --> 01:14:12,440
When I gave all my money
to this fund,

1303
01:14:12,560 --> 01:14:13,880
it was no longer mine.

1304
01:14:14,360 --> 01:14:16,960
If they were mine, it would be eating
me up from the inside.

1305
01:14:17,080 --> 01:14:18,320
What the hell?

1306
01:14:19,240 --> 01:14:21,200
Once you've made up your mind

1307
01:14:21,360 --> 01:14:22,440
and given it away.

1308
01:14:22,440 --> 01:14:23,400
I get it.

1309
01:14:24,040 --> 01:14:25,080
It burns the bridge.

1310
01:14:26,600 --> 01:14:28,480
I began to set up Dim’s foundation,

1311
01:14:28,920 --> 01:14:31,000
making sure it was transparent

1312
01:14:31,120 --> 01:14:32,120
and would last forever.

1313
01:14:34,840 --> 01:14:37,480
Dim decided to give away 90%
of his wealth.

1314
01:14:40,200 --> 01:14:41,880
He even took money away from his son,

1315
01:14:43,400 --> 01:14:45,000
but it didn’t faze Boris at all.

1316
01:14:45,360 --> 01:14:47,120
He fully supported the idea.

1317
01:14:49,120 --> 01:14:51,240
Back then, no one was giving all their

1318
01:14:51,320 --> 01:14:53,440
money away, except for Warren Buffet,

1319
01:14:53,560 --> 01:14:54,880
who did it later that year.

1320
01:14:58,480 --> 01:15:00,200
The foundation operates on the basis

1321
01:15:00,600 --> 01:15:02,360
of an instruction that was written from

1322
01:15:02,440 --> 01:15:04,080
the very beginning,

1323
01:15:04,160 --> 01:15:06,400
where it was written that the

1324
01:15:06,520 --> 01:15:08,840
foundation is dedicated to supporting

1325
01:15:09,200 --> 01:15:11,080
not even science but scientists.

1326
01:15:11,880 --> 01:15:15,360
It is dedicated to supporting
smart people.

1327
01:15:15,960 --> 01:15:18,600
In the field of science it is easier
to identify

1328
01:15:19,560 --> 01:15:21,280
a talented, intelligent person

1329
01:15:22,000 --> 01:15:25,560
than in other fields.

1330
01:15:29,040 --> 01:15:30,440
Spending money.

1331
01:15:30,560 --> 01:15:31,840
What did I spend the money on?

1332
01:15:32,600 --> 01:15:34,160
It was the Dynasty Foundation.

1333
01:15:34,760 --> 01:15:37,040
It was the Enlightener Award,

1334
01:15:37,200 --> 01:15:38,960
which still exists today.

1335
01:15:41,480 --> 01:15:43,280
It's been really great.

1336
01:15:44,560 --> 01:15:46,840
I feel like an honorable man.

1337
01:15:52,760 --> 01:15:54,480
In mythology, probably not just our

1338
01:15:54,560 --> 01:15:55,520
Russian mythology,

1339
01:15:56,560 --> 01:15:58,200
the process of making money

1340
01:15:59,280 --> 01:16:01,280
was considered some kind of sin.

1341
01:16:04,000 --> 01:16:08,000
Vimpelcom was, of course,
earning money,

1342
01:16:08,320 --> 01:16:09,640
it was listed on the stock exchange.

1343
01:16:09,840 --> 01:16:14,880
But it was associated with some
kind of joyful,

1344
01:16:15,120 --> 01:16:17,720
light emotions.

1345
01:16:18,400 --> 01:16:21,240
Nothing like Mephistopheles'

1346
01:16:21,240 --> 01:16:23,000
"People die for metal.

1347
01:16:23,560 --> 01:16:25,120
Satan rules the ball there."

1348
01:16:25,560 --> 01:16:29,040
It was nothing like that. It wasn't
destructive

1349
01:16:29,160 --> 01:16:32,760
but it was a new and very interesting,

1350
01:16:34,040 --> 01:16:36,720
almost holy act.

1351
01:16:38,200 --> 01:16:40,760
In Russia, I saw many successful
businessmen

1352
01:16:41,080 --> 01:16:42,200
and wealthy people.

1353
01:16:43,600 --> 01:16:45,720
I saw that many of them made
money

1354
01:16:45,760 --> 01:16:46,840
not to become richer,

1355
01:16:47,520 --> 01:16:49,280
but cooler than everyone else.

1356
01:16:50,640 --> 01:16:52,480
I saw how money became

1357
01:16:52,560 --> 01:16:54,120
a tool to get closer to power.

1358
01:16:54,760 --> 01:16:57,000
But neither power, nor
the constant

1359
01:16:57,080 --> 01:16:59,920
alfa–male competition ever
inspired Dim.

1360
01:17:00,640 --> 01:17:02,280
He needed to create something unique,

1361
01:17:02,640 --> 01:17:04,760
something that would bring
real change.

1362
01:17:05,440 --> 01:17:07,760
Many of the people I’d met
had leadership

1363
01:17:07,880 --> 01:17:10,280
qualities and talents just like Dim,

1364
01:17:11,360 --> 01:17:12,920
but Dim had something else:

1365
01:17:13,320 --> 01:17:14,360
a weakness,

1366
01:17:14,880 --> 01:17:16,040
his big heart.

1367
01:17:19,680 --> 01:17:24,200
You see I've always viewed

1368
01:17:26,960 --> 01:17:29,960
my work in a rather selfish way.

1369
01:17:30,680 --> 01:17:32,960
I've been doing what I enjoy.

1370
01:17:34,200 --> 01:17:36,760
Fate has made doing good
deeds bring

1371
01:17:36,920 --> 01:17:38,520
me the most pleasure.

1372
01:17:38,520 --> 01:17:40,360
Well, thank God for that.

1373
01:17:40,920 --> 01:17:42,720
Philanthropy.

1374
01:17:46,200 --> 01:17:50,800
I can only be grateful to fate that

1375
01:17:52,040 --> 01:17:56,360
I was allowed to do this work,
and enjoy it.

1376
01:17:57,920 --> 01:17:59,000
I'm a hedonist.

1377
01:18:00,080 --> 01:18:02,360
And by the way, the only Russian

1378
01:18:02,560 --> 01:18:05,920
to ever receive the Carnegie
Medal of Honor.

1379
01:18:06,200 --> 01:18:06,880
What?

1380
01:18:07,360 --> 01:18:15,280
The only Russian to ever get
a Carnegie Medal.

1381
01:18:15,720 --> 01:18:17,120
Yeah yeah yeah

1382
01:18:17,320 --> 01:18:23,120
For philanthropy. I forgot Yes. Yes, Yes

1383
01:18:24,240 --> 01:18:26,280
For philanthropy.

1384
01:18:29,080 --> 01:18:30,480
After Dim sold his shares,

1385
01:18:30,960 --> 01:18:32,640
I also gradually sold mine.

1386
01:18:33,240 --> 01:18:34,560
I returned home and decided

1387
01:18:34,640 --> 01:18:36,120
to become a police officer.

1388
01:18:36,720 --> 01:18:39,320
As a child, I’d never dreamt
of being a cop.

1389
01:18:40,680 --> 01:18:42,760
A dear friend of mine from Chicago

1390
01:18:42,760 --> 01:18:44,440
was on the board of a non-profit

1391
01:18:44,560 --> 01:18:46,040
police helicopter unit.

1392
01:18:47,040 --> 01:18:49,400
He asked me to build a business
model for them,

1393
01:18:49,760 --> 01:18:51,800
so that they wouldn’t constantly
have to

1394
01:18:51,880 --> 01:18:53,280
beg for funds for fuel.

1395
01:18:54,080 --> 01:18:55,880
It started as a business task,

1396
01:18:56,360 --> 01:18:57,760
but one day the chief asked me

1397
01:18:57,880 --> 01:18:59,880
if I wanted to be a police officer.

1398
01:19:00,560 --> 01:19:01,400
I said “Yes.

1399
01:19:01,800 --> 01:19:03,600
But I spent 9 months in
the police academy

1400
01:19:03,640 --> 01:19:04,360
as a cadet,

1401
01:19:04,960 --> 01:19:08,720
even though I was 44 and everyone
else was 20.

1402
01:19:09,640 --> 01:19:12,320
Now, I probably see myself as
a cop first

1403
01:19:12,840 --> 01:19:14,120
and a businessman second.

1404
01:19:14,840 --> 01:19:16,640
This is actually my Chiefs patch,

1405
01:19:16,960 --> 01:19:18,320
which I wear with my uniform.

1406
01:19:19,480 --> 01:19:21,600
My star number is number seven.

1407
01:19:22,160 --> 01:19:27,120
We have 11,000 officers in the
Chicago Sheriff's Office

1408
01:19:27,800 --> 01:19:28,800
so I am number seven.

1409
01:19:28,920 --> 01:19:31,280
In police tradition,

1410
01:19:32,440 --> 01:19:35,480
when you train with each other,

1411
01:19:36,240 --> 01:19:37,440
you exchange patches.

1412
01:19:38,400 --> 01:19:41,600
We have been through some
incredible trainings

1413
01:19:43,040 --> 01:19:45,160
together in business.

1414
01:19:45,520 --> 01:19:47,400
So I want to share this patch
with you.

1415
01:19:49,680 --> 01:19:52,240
My visits to Moscow became more
and more rare.

1416
01:19:53,760 --> 01:19:55,640
Like most foreigners, I didn’t notice

1417
01:19:55,680 --> 01:19:58,400
significant changes in Russian until 2014.

1418
01:20:02,320 --> 01:20:04,440
I only saw how business was growing.

1419
01:20:06,440 --> 01:20:09,520
But everything changed when
Russia annexed Crimea.

1420
01:20:10,440 --> 01:20:12,440
I realized then that Dim’s vision

1421
01:20:12,520 --> 01:20:14,520
of his country’s future completely

1422
01:20:14,560 --> 01:20:17,680
contradicted Russia’s new trajectory.

1423
01:20:21,520 --> 01:20:24,360
I, we, are watching with great interest

1424
01:20:24,600 --> 01:20:26,840
Everything that's happening in Ukraine.

1425
01:20:27,360 --> 01:20:29,960
We pray: God willing that everything
works out for you!

1426
01:20:31,000 --> 01:20:33,880
It's extremely important, the fork
in the road is clear.

1427
01:20:34,000 --> 01:20:36,640
A fork in the road in politics,

1428
01:20:36,920 --> 01:20:39,520
God willing that things work out for you.

1429
01:20:39,840 --> 01:20:41,440
It's not just your affairs

1430
01:20:41,800 --> 01:20:44,960
this concerns us too.

1431
01:20:45,960 --> 01:20:50,400
I'd been uneasy about our
government even before,

1432
01:20:50,880 --> 01:20:52,800
but Crimea was a real blow for me.

1433
01:20:53,160 --> 01:21:00,120
Crimea was some kind
of personal insult.

1434
01:21:01,200 --> 01:21:02,920
How could it happen?

1435
01:21:04,160 --> 01:21:06,080
Guarantees were given to Ukraine.

1436
01:21:08,080 --> 01:21:10,160
Guaranteeing its integrity.

1437
01:21:11,160 --> 01:21:13,120
And they were completely violated.

1438
01:21:19,520 --> 01:21:22,080
The Dynasty Foundation was labelled

1439
01:21:22,120 --> 01:21:23,560
as a foreign agent.

1440
01:21:25,040 --> 01:21:27,040
It was, quite frankly, a shock to me.

1441
01:21:28,120 --> 01:21:29,720
After the dozens of books

1442
01:21:29,720 --> 01:21:30,880
that have been published,

1443
01:21:31,040 --> 01:21:32,520
after the amount of money that has

1444
01:21:32,520 --> 01:21:34,400
been invested in science

1445
01:21:34,600 --> 01:21:36,880
and in support of many projects.

1446
01:21:37,200 --> 01:21:38,440
Do you remember how you felt

1447
01:21:38,440 --> 01:21:39,720
when you first heard about it?

1448
01:21:40,000 --> 01:21:41,600
I felt gravely insulted.

1449
01:21:41,720 --> 01:21:42,560
I see.

1450
01:22:04,600 --> 01:22:06,280
Insulted and offended.

1451
01:22:08,120 --> 01:22:09,720
I said: Lord, how could this be?

1452
01:22:09,880 --> 01:22:11,640
I'm from here,

1453
01:22:11,640 --> 01:22:12,800
I’m from Arbat.

1454
01:22:12,800 --> 01:22:14,400
What's happening?

1455
01:22:16,800 --> 01:22:18,240
It was despicable.

1456
01:22:20,720 --> 01:22:21,600
I guess.

1457
01:22:23,840 --> 01:22:25,720
By law I was supposed to
put everywhere,

1458
01:22:25,840 --> 01:22:26,720
what it's called,

1459
01:22:26,720 --> 01:22:28,600
a stamp, a sign

1460
01:22:28,800 --> 01:22:30,680
to signify a foreign agent.

1461
01:22:33,760 --> 01:22:40,280
If a foundation raises money for

1462
01:22:40,800 --> 01:22:42,480
some godly activity

1463
01:22:43,920 --> 01:22:46,040
and is then told that it
has been labeled

1464
01:22:46,040 --> 01:22:47,480
a foreign agent.

1465
01:22:47,840 --> 01:22:49,840
It's kind of understandable.

1466
01:22:50,000 --> 01:22:52,240
But when a foundation,
which does not collect

1467
01:22:52,240 --> 01:22:53,600
but donates money,

1468
01:22:55,240 --> 01:22:57,880
has to say that it is a foreign agent,

1469
01:22:58,120 --> 01:23:01,840
it's absolute nonsense and
a mockery.

1470
01:23:02,760 --> 01:23:05,320
It didn't make sense to me.

1471
01:23:07,080 --> 01:23:10,480
Oh, this is all very sad.

1472
01:23:12,760 --> 01:23:14,560
It's all very sad.

1473
01:23:17,960 --> 01:23:19,360
The root of the problem,
as I understand it,

1474
01:23:19,480 --> 01:23:22,920
was that my son Boris was

1475
01:23:23,320 --> 01:23:26,200
funding the opposition.

1476
01:23:29,840 --> 01:23:32,040
Did you really finance sending

1477
01:23:32,040 --> 01:23:33,760
Navalny abroad?

1478
01:23:33,960 --> 01:23:36,480
Yes. Maybe Boris financed it,

1479
01:23:36,680 --> 01:23:38,080
but the money was mine.

1480
01:23:38,360 --> 01:23:40,000
Will he (Navalny) come back
and does he need

1481
01:23:40,120 --> 01:23:41,200
to come back?

1482
01:23:41,960 --> 01:23:45,840
I think he'll be back. He's
a brave man.

1483
01:23:46,440 --> 01:23:49,280
Though I'm not sure it's necessary
to do so.

1484
01:23:49,920 --> 01:23:51,520
What does he need to do now,

1485
01:23:51,760 --> 01:23:52,840
from your perspective?

1486
01:23:53,160 --> 01:23:54,720
He needs to do

1487
01:23:56,040 --> 01:23:58,920
all the things he's been doing so far:

1488
01:23:59,400 --> 01:24:02,120
speaking, writing, dissenting.

1489
01:24:10,520 --> 01:24:13,280
In 2021, at 88 years old,

1490
01:24:14,800 --> 01:24:17,360
Dim set off abroad to visit
his son Boris,

1491
01:24:18,000 --> 01:24:19,560
who had fled Russia to evade

1492
01:24:19,560 --> 01:24:21,320
political persecution.

1493
01:24:24,080 --> 01:24:25,720
Shortly after Dim's departure,

1494
01:24:26,320 --> 01:24:27,920
his granddaughter received
a summons

1495
01:24:27,960 --> 01:24:28,920
intended for him,

1496
01:24:29,480 --> 01:24:30,920
calling him in for questioning.

1497
01:24:33,400 --> 01:24:36,280
It’s a dark reflection of Russia’s
present climate:

1498
01:24:36,800 --> 01:24:38,880
Dim would likely have not been able

1499
01:24:39,040 --> 01:24:40,960
to return without getting arrested.

1500
01:24:51,200 --> 01:24:53,240
Dim’s life journey intertwined

1501
01:24:53,320 --> 01:24:55,160
with a complete historical cycle

1502
01:24:55,360 --> 01:24:57,000
in 20th-century Russia.

1503
01:24:57,840 --> 01:25:00,880
After nearly 100 years from
the first time

1504
01:25:01,040 --> 01:25:02,880
the State tore Dim’s family apart,

1505
01:25:03,320 --> 01:25:04,440
it did so again.

1506
01:25:14,840 --> 01:25:15,960
Dmitri Borisovich, just a second.

1507
01:25:18,200 --> 01:25:19,560
Okay. Hold this.

1508
01:25:21,200 --> 01:25:22,760
We'll be leaving soon.

1509
01:25:23,360 --> 01:25:24,680
Yes, let’s do it.

1510
01:25:24,960 --> 01:25:27,120
Let's do it before we leave.

1511
01:25:42,680 --> 01:25:43,560
Thank you.

1512
01:25:52,320 --> 01:25:53,920
I love Moscow so much.

1513
01:25:54,000 --> 01:25:54,960
I'm a Moscovite,

1514
01:25:56,480 --> 01:26:04,520
I often start to miss Moscow
even now.

1515
01:26:06,520 --> 01:26:09,160
But at the same time, when you
hear the news,

1516
01:26:18,240 --> 01:26:27,600
the longing for Moscow starts to fight

1517
01:26:30,480 --> 01:26:33,840
with your own common sense.

1518
01:26:39,120 --> 01:26:45,880
It's one of the most depressing feelings

1519
01:26:48,400 --> 01:26:50,560
I've had lately.

1520
01:26:57,600 --> 01:26:59,400
I'm an Arbat native.

1521
01:27:04,880 --> 01:27:06,560
My whole life is there.

1522
01:27:07,800 --> 01:27:11,080
I see the most beautiful places

1523
01:27:11,240 --> 01:27:12,040
right here.

1524
01:27:24,240 --> 01:27:26,040
But at the same time, there's
not a place

1525
01:27:27,000 --> 01:27:32,360
where I have that amazing

1526
01:27:34,880 --> 01:27:38,160
incredible nostalgic feeling

1527
01:27:39,880 --> 01:27:41,840
like when I walk down
the streets of Arbat.

1528
01:27:50,160 --> 01:27:51,280
Sivtsev Vrazhok,

1529
01:27:51,280 --> 01:27:54,080
Starokonyushennaya, Vlasyevsky.

1530
01:28:02,240 --> 01:28:05,640
Talking about it makes
it sound banal.

1531
01:28:06,400 --> 01:28:09,960
You can't really describe it,

1532
01:28:15,080 --> 01:28:18,480
You can't experience these feelings

1533
01:28:18,480 --> 01:28:20,960
no matter what beautiful
place you visit,

1534
01:28:23,160 --> 01:28:25,200
Rome, London.

1535
01:28:25,800 --> 01:28:26,800
They're beautiful!

1536
01:28:27,360 --> 01:28:35,160
But this feeling of a life lived,

1537
01:28:35,800 --> 01:28:36,720
it's only there.

1538
01:28:39,600 --> 01:28:44,360
Yes, it's settling - I have left

1539
01:28:45,320 --> 01:28:47,120
My native fields for good.

1540
01:28:48,240 --> 01:28:50,440
No more will rustling poplars shed

1541
01:28:52,040 --> 01:28:53,960
On me their winged leaves.

1542
01:28:55,200 --> 01:28:57,680
The old house sinks lower
without me.

1543
01:28:58,840 --> 01:29:01,000
My old dog died years ago

1544
01:29:01,600 --> 01:29:04,480
God has condemned me to die

1545
01:29:04,680 --> 01:29:06,720
An exile on the streets of Moscow.

1546
01:29:08,640 --> 01:29:10,600
I am really patriotic in the sense

1547
01:29:10,760 --> 01:29:12,000
that I am not as ashamed of any

1548
01:29:12,000 --> 01:29:13,720
country in the world

1549
01:29:13,800 --> 01:29:15,120
as I am of my own country.

1550
01:29:17,240 --> 01:29:18,600
I might be horrified but others, but

1551
01:29:18,800 --> 01:29:20,320
I am ashamed only for my country,

1552
01:29:20,440 --> 01:29:22,160
not for any other.

1553
01:29:22,880 --> 01:29:24,600
Patriotism has different facets.

1554
01:29:25,480 --> 01:29:28,720
love for the tribe, love for the leader,

1555
01:29:28,720 --> 01:29:31,400
who might be cruel, but who
is your leader.

1556
01:29:32,400 --> 01:29:34,760
This love very quickly turns
to xenophobia,

1557
01:29:34,960 --> 01:29:36,840
to hatred for your neighbors.

1558
01:29:37,480 --> 01:29:39,080
That's where the danger is.

1559
01:29:40,200 --> 01:29:42,680
So, this complex was called patriotism

1560
01:29:42,800 --> 01:29:44,520
in the Stone Age,

1561
01:29:46,560 --> 01:29:48,680
and then it became love of the state,

1562
01:29:48,760 --> 01:29:50,080
love for the leader.

1563
01:29:50,920 --> 01:29:54,160
There is another kind of patriotism.

1564
01:29:54,320 --> 01:29:57,200
it's almost like loving your parents,

1565
01:29:57,840 --> 01:30:00,040
it's loving your birthplace,

1566
01:30:00,280 --> 01:30:04,600
a tender love for your immediate
surroundings.

1567
01:30:05,240 --> 01:30:07,400
What interesting things can
you take from

1568
01:30:07,560 --> 01:30:09,160
and bring to your country?

1569
01:30:10,600 --> 01:30:12,440
So the first love is a proud love.

1570
01:30:12,720 --> 01:30:14,160
Pride for your tribe.

1571
01:30:14,480 --> 01:30:16,920
The second type comes from
learning from the world.

1572
01:30:17,040 --> 01:30:19,680
Those are the two kinds of patriotism.

1573
01:30:21,560 --> 01:30:24,920
I lost faith a long time ago.

1574
01:30:26,240 --> 01:30:27,840
I understand that we live in

1575
01:30:27,840 --> 01:30:30,000
an authoritarian state

1576
01:30:30,200 --> 01:30:32,760
with all the consequences
that entails.

1577
01:30:34,640 --> 01:30:36,360
And a political system that

1578
01:30:36,360 --> 01:30:37,920
no election will change.

1579
01:30:40,240 --> 01:30:43,120
Should investors be wary

1580
01:30:43,120 --> 01:30:46,400
of Russian troops entering Ukraine?

1581
01:30:47,720 --> 01:30:50,720
Look, they talked about
the possible entry

1582
01:30:50,880 --> 01:30:53,520
of Russian troops into Ukraine
at the beginning of the year,

1583
01:30:53,760 --> 01:30:56,320
we conducted the Zapad
2021 exercises,

1584
01:30:56,320 --> 01:30:58,080
but as you can see, it didn't happen.

1585
01:31:02,360 --> 01:31:03,880
No man,

1586
01:31:04,720 --> 01:31:06,080
no one, Lord knows, should be

1587
01:31:06,080 --> 01:31:07,280
in power for long.

1588
01:31:07,600 --> 01:31:10,240
He must not have absolute power.

1589
01:31:10,960 --> 01:31:13,760
It was a great discovery: separation
of powers and

1590
01:31:13,960 --> 01:31:16,080
succession of powers.

1591
01:31:16,800 --> 01:31:22,560
Wars only take place when someone
rules indefinitely.

1592
01:31:24,120 --> 01:31:26,680
I have made a decision to conduct

1593
01:31:26,680 --> 01:31:28,680
a special military operation.

1594
01:31:29,320 --> 01:31:31,160
At the same time, our plans
do not include

1595
01:31:31,160 --> 01:31:33,080
the occupation of Ukrainian territories.

1596
01:31:33,360 --> 01:31:36,360
What does it take for a war
to start between

1597
01:31:36,480 --> 01:31:39,520
France, England and Germany?
The simplest thing:

1598
01:31:39,840 --> 01:31:46,000
a leader for life. That's it, it's war!

1599
01:31:49,600 --> 01:31:52,360
There are approximately 200 nations

1600
01:31:52,400 --> 01:31:53,440
in the world.

1601
01:31:54,000 --> 01:31:59,120
Some of them have nuclear weapons

1602
01:31:59,200 --> 01:32:00,600
in increasing numbers.

1603
01:32:02,520 --> 01:32:08,080
Some of them are in a state
of savage enmity

1604
01:32:08,240 --> 01:32:10,120
with their immediate neighbors.

1605
01:32:10,840 --> 01:32:12,400
In some of them there are

1606
01:32:12,640 --> 01:32:14,760
authoritarian regimes,

1607
01:32:14,760 --> 01:32:17,320
where the decision of using those
weapons or destroying

1608
01:32:17,400 --> 01:32:20,080
a hated neighbor is practically down

1609
01:32:20,080 --> 01:32:21,080
to one person.

1610
01:32:22,080 --> 01:32:25,840
People ask how stable a world
like that can be

1611
01:32:27,560 --> 01:32:30,560
for a hundred years?

1612
01:32:31,240 --> 01:32:32,960
Can a world like that be stable?

1613
01:32:34,200 --> 01:32:36,080
It seem very unstable.

1614
01:32:36,400 --> 01:32:38,840
Regarding nuclear escalation:

1615
01:32:39,160 --> 01:32:41,440
we never started this rhetoric.

1616
01:32:41,720 --> 01:32:44,600
We have our tactical nuclear weapons

1617
01:32:44,760 --> 01:32:47,080
That are three or four times
more powerful

1618
01:32:47,240 --> 01:32:50,680
than the bombs used by
the Americans

1619
01:32:51,000 --> 01:32:53,560
in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

1620
01:32:53,960 --> 01:32:55,200
Three or four times more powerful.

1621
01:32:55,760 --> 01:32:58,320
We have much more of them

1622
01:32:59,840 --> 01:33:02,840
than those in Europe, even
if the Americans

1623
01:33:03,000 --> 01:33:05,720
bring theirs from the United States.

1624
01:33:05,960 --> 01:33:07,680
We still have many times more.

1625
01:33:08,000 --> 01:33:12,520
Aggression against Russia by
any non-nuclear state,

1626
01:33:12,880 --> 01:33:17,560
but with the participation or
support of a nuclear state,

1627
01:33:18,120 --> 01:33:19,840
is proposed to be considered

1628
01:33:20,080 --> 01:33:23,200
as their joint attack on
Russian Federation.

1629
01:33:23,440 --> 01:33:27,320
Including if the enemy, using
conventional weapons,

1630
01:33:27,480 --> 01:33:30,440
creates a critical threat to
our sovereignty.

1631
01:33:31,240 --> 01:33:34,880
Only a society

1632
01:33:35,520 --> 01:33:39,560
which is capable of, in its soul,

1633
01:33:40,280 --> 01:33:50,600
substituting its love for the nation
to love for people.

1634
01:33:51,360 --> 01:33:56,440
Only such a society can be
guaranteed longevity.

1635
01:33:56,680 --> 01:34:01,680
A society that is permeated
with hatred,

1636
01:34:02,320 --> 01:34:04,200
cannot be stable or sustainable.

1637
01:34:06,280 --> 01:34:09,200
That's the colossal challenge

1638
01:34:09,600 --> 01:34:11,040
before us.

1639
01:34:11,640 --> 01:34:15,960
Only a humane society can expect

1640
01:34:16,840 --> 01:34:19,120
to exist for a long, long time.

1641
01:34:25,520 --> 01:34:28,440
I realized that this was going to
be my last journey.

1642
01:34:30,920 --> 01:34:32,960
I'm 88 years old after all.

1643
01:34:33,960 --> 01:34:38,440
Almost certainly. Overall, though,
I'm feeling pretty good.

1644
01:34:48,040 --> 01:34:51,680
Father, I'm happy we're all here.

1645
01:34:52,080 --> 01:34:56,000
I honestly didn't even think
it was possible.

1646
01:34:58,440 --> 01:35:01,200
Thank you Augie for coming here.

1647
01:35:04,560 --> 01:35:07,200
About ten years ago

1648
01:35:10,520 --> 01:35:13,000
you asked me to write a book,

1649
01:35:15,440 --> 01:35:19,400
about Vimpelcom and my perspective,
my experience.

1650
01:35:23,840 --> 01:35:26,040
I'm much closer to writing it. I have not
written it yet,

1651
01:35:29,320 --> 01:35:31,280
I have not publishing yet, I actually
have written

1652
01:35:32,200 --> 01:35:34,640
about one chapter from finishing it.

1653
01:35:36,520 --> 01:35:37,760
Before my flight home,

1654
01:35:38,200 --> 01:35:39,200
Dim gave me

1655
01:35:39,320 --> 01:35:40,760
his updated autobiography,

1656
01:35:42,360 --> 01:35:44,600
and I told him about my nearly
finished book

1657
01:35:44,880 --> 01:35:46,120
on our shared history.

1658
01:35:49,680 --> 01:35:52,360
In a few months, when Russia
bombs Kyiv,

1659
01:35:53,640 --> 01:35:55,760
destroying entire towns
and families,

1660
01:35:56,160 --> 01:35:57,640
I’ll have to rewrite the ending.

1661
01:36:08,320 --> 01:36:09,680
The Russian part of the company

1662
01:36:09,920 --> 01:36:11,720
Dim and I founded 30 years ago

1663
01:36:12,320 --> 01:36:14,440
can likely never again be part

1664
01:36:14,880 --> 01:36:16,280
of the global business sphere,

1665
01:36:17,280 --> 01:36:19,360
while the Ukrainian and
international

1666
01:36:19,360 --> 01:36:21,720
branches continued thriving
and operating.

1667
01:36:23,000 --> 01:36:25,800
I returned to its board to revive

1668
01:36:26,160 --> 01:36:29,520
the pioneering spirit that defined
us in 1991.

1669
01:36:30,640 --> 01:36:32,280
During the third week of the war,

1670
01:36:32,680 --> 01:36:34,440
I made my first trip to Ukraine

1671
01:36:34,800 --> 01:36:36,160
on a private police mission.

1672
01:36:36,800 --> 01:36:38,240
We committed to helping Ukraine

1673
01:36:38,440 --> 01:36:40,600
and have been volunteering
there ever since.

1674
01:36:46,640 --> 01:36:48,000
Sign it right here in Russian

1675
01:36:48,000 --> 01:36:49,320
and then I will translate in English.

1676
01:36:53,240 --> 01:36:53,880
When you're ready.

1677
01:36:53,880 --> 01:36:54,600
One moment.

1678
01:36:54,680 --> 01:36:55,240
When you're ready.

1679
01:36:57,320 --> 01:37:00,400
Boris, my hand is so shaky,

1680
01:37:00,880 --> 01:37:03,200
I haven't been
able to write for the past year.

1681
01:37:05,280 --> 01:37:06,440
Okay, I'll sign it.

1682
01:37:06,600 --> 01:37:07,320
Ok, you.

1683
01:37:08,680 --> 01:37:10,400
Let me put it this way, you correct me,

1684
01:37:10,960 --> 01:37:12,880
Dear Augie,

1685
01:37:13,280 --> 01:37:16,480
Dear Augie, I ask you to consider
yourself

1686
01:37:17,200 --> 01:37:18,280
a co-author

1687
01:37:20,240 --> 01:37:21,680
a co-author of this book

1688
01:37:22,040 --> 01:37:26,480
as you have co-authored my fate.

1689
01:37:26,520 --> 01:37:27,560
Well said.

1690
01:37:32,720 --> 01:37:34,280
“Co-author must be written together.

1691
01:37:34,840 --> 01:37:37,160
How you became the co-author
of my fate.

1692
01:37:39,760 --> 01:37:40,880
I can't.

1693
01:37:40,880 --> 01:37:41,640
Damn it!

1694
01:37:44,840 --> 01:37:49,440
It's about to get so ugly, I can't do this.

1695
01:37:53,320 --> 01:37:55,320
Later. I'll sign it later.

1696
01:38:00,320 --> 01:38:01,400
Terrific, thank you!

1697
01:38:04,160 --> 01:38:05,560
Let's read something.

1698
01:38:10,480 --> 01:38:13,200
Farewell, my friend. Farewell

1699
01:38:14,520 --> 01:38:16,600
My dear, you're in my heart forever

1700
01:38:17,440 --> 01:38:19,920
It was predestined we should part

1701
01:38:20,080 --> 01:38:21,400
And meet again someday

1702
01:38:22,240 --> 01:38:27,080
Farewell for, my friend - no shaking hands,
no tears.

1703
01:38:27,440 --> 01:38:28,720
No furrowed brows.

1704
01:38:29,560 --> 01:38:32,120
There’s nothing new about dying

1705
01:38:32,920 --> 01:38:34,960
In this life. Nor's living any newer.

1706
01:38:39,320 --> 01:38:40,400
Just before the end,

1707
01:38:40,920 --> 01:38:42,680
Dim gathered a team of colleagues,

1708
01:38:42,800 --> 01:38:45,360
scientists, and intellectuals in Cyprus.

1709
01:38:47,480 --> 01:38:49,560
They had been working with
Dim’s foundation

1710
01:38:49,640 --> 01:38:50,360
for many years.

1711
01:38:53,120 --> 01:38:56,280
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