1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:15,655 --> 00:00:19,793 - Take this thing on, uh, homosexuality. 4 00:00:19,896 --> 00:00:21,896 I think the view we take here 5 00:00:21,965 --> 00:00:24,793 is that there's no place for the state 6 00:00:24,896 --> 00:00:26,896 in the bedrooms of the nation. 7 00:00:27,896 --> 00:00:30,482 ♪ ♪ 8 00:00:34,137 --> 00:00:36,103 - I think for those of us 9 00:00:36,241 --> 00:00:39,517 who grew up in the '50s and '60s, 10 00:00:39,620 --> 00:00:43,620 it's hard to communicate what it was like 11 00:00:43,724 --> 00:00:45,103 to begin to suspect 12 00:00:45,206 --> 00:00:49,620 that you might be part of this category of subhumans 13 00:00:49,758 --> 00:00:52,103 that was really the most shameful, 14 00:00:52,206 --> 00:00:57,620 disgusting kind of thing that anybody could possibly be. 15 00:01:00,827 --> 00:01:03,034 - We were invisible. 16 00:01:04,310 --> 00:01:07,827 The straight world wanted us to be invisible. 17 00:01:09,862 --> 00:01:11,586 [Talking, indistinct] 18 00:01:13,379 --> 00:01:15,620 - Being gay was an abomination. 19 00:01:15,724 --> 00:01:17,034 It was a sin. 20 00:01:17,172 --> 00:01:20,103 It was a form of spiritual corruption. 21 00:01:20,172 --> 00:01:22,620 ♪ ♪ 22 00:01:22,724 --> 00:01:24,896 - We paraded in secret. 23 00:01:27,965 --> 00:01:29,724 And then we were paraded... 24 00:01:30,758 --> 00:01:34,965 through prison corridors and the courts. 25 00:01:35,034 --> 00:01:37,758 - Homosexuality was essentially illegal. 26 00:01:38,793 --> 00:01:42,965 - You could get 8 years in prison or a mental institution. 27 00:01:45,137 --> 00:01:48,758 - [Crowd shouting]: Fascists! 28 00:01:51,862 --> 00:01:55,862 - We have crucial moments where the state would attack us. 29 00:01:55,965 --> 00:01:58,896 - [Crowd chanting]: Gay rights now! Gay rights now! 30 00:01:59,034 --> 00:02:01,931 - We were forced to respond. There was no choice. 31 00:02:03,172 --> 00:02:07,137 - Shame! Shame! Shame! Shame! Shame! Shame! 32 00:02:08,896 --> 00:02:10,793 - As young activists, we had a vision. 33 00:02:10,896 --> 00:02:14,137 We wanted a world that was free of homophobia. 34 00:02:15,724 --> 00:02:17,620 - It's just a really beautiful thing 35 00:02:17,724 --> 00:02:20,793 to think about the idea of all of the people 36 00:02:20,931 --> 00:02:24,275 who have stepped off of the sidewalk and into the road. 37 00:02:25,241 --> 00:02:27,137 ♪ ♪ 38 00:02:31,862 --> 00:02:34,586 This is that genealogy of resistance. 39 00:02:37,034 --> 00:02:40,068 ♪ ♪ 40 00:02:51,206 --> 00:02:53,103 [Crow cawing] 41 00:03:00,793 --> 00:03:02,896 - I worked really hard at not recognizing 42 00:03:02,965 --> 00:03:05,172 that I was attracted to people of my same sex 43 00:03:05,310 --> 00:03:06,655 for a long, long time, 44 00:03:06,793 --> 00:03:08,137 even though at a certain level, 45 00:03:08,241 --> 00:03:10,137 I think I knew it. 46 00:03:12,000 --> 00:03:16,655 I remember the song Downtown. 47 00:03:18,034 --> 00:03:19,655 And hearing that in Beaverton. 48 00:03:19,758 --> 00:03:21,206 And, like, Beaverton had a downtown. 49 00:03:21,310 --> 00:03:25,103 It was the IGA, the post office and the drugstore, right? 50 00:03:25,172 --> 00:03:26,068 That was the downtown. 51 00:03:26,137 --> 00:03:28,034 But this idea that there might be this place 52 00:03:28,172 --> 00:03:31,034 where you could go downtown where you could be different. 53 00:03:32,793 --> 00:03:36,034 I wanted to go downtown but didn't know why. 54 00:03:36,172 --> 00:03:39,931 ♪ When you're alone and life is making you lonely ♪ 55 00:03:40,034 --> 00:03:43,965 ♪ You can always go downtown ♪ 56 00:03:44,068 --> 00:03:45,724 [Horns honking] 57 00:03:45,793 --> 00:03:48,655 - Toronto is a very gay city. 58 00:03:48,793 --> 00:03:51,275 Yonge Street just seemed to be 59 00:03:51,379 --> 00:03:53,965 one of the gayest streets in the world. 60 00:03:54,103 --> 00:03:56,000 ♪ Downtown ♪ 61 00:03:56,103 --> 00:03:59,689 ♪ Just listen to the music, all the traffic in the city ♪ 62 00:03:59,793 --> 00:04:01,758 ♪ Linger on the sidewalk ♪ 63 00:04:01,896 --> 00:04:03,862 ♪ All the neon signs are pretty ♪ 64 00:04:03,965 --> 00:04:05,896 - Going back to the 1950s, 65 00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:09,724 bars in Toronto hosted these drag balls for Halloween. 66 00:04:09,862 --> 00:04:12,793 So on Halloween night, they would host these events, 67 00:04:12,896 --> 00:04:15,379 these pageants where drag queens would show up. 68 00:04:15,517 --> 00:04:16,689 They would be judged. 69 00:04:16,793 --> 00:04:18,172 They would win awards and prizes. 70 00:04:18,241 --> 00:04:22,896 And it was just sort of this celebratory kind of atmosphere. 71 00:04:23,000 --> 00:04:26,344 - One of the big reasons is because it was the only day 72 00:04:26,413 --> 00:04:29,137 that, legally, you could get dressed up. 73 00:04:29,206 --> 00:04:30,793 Halloween. 74 00:04:30,896 --> 00:04:32,413 So we would... 75 00:04:32,551 --> 00:04:34,862 That's when we really pushed it. 76 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:38,034 The hot spot was St. Charles Tavern. 77 00:04:38,137 --> 00:04:39,034 [Horns honking] 78 00:04:39,137 --> 00:04:41,172 [Crowd talking, whistling] 79 00:04:41,241 --> 00:04:42,793 - [Tom]: By the 1970s, 80 00:04:42,896 --> 00:04:46,310 the drag balls attracted a more hostile crowd. 81 00:04:46,379 --> 00:04:48,310 - Holy mackerel! 82 00:04:48,379 --> 00:04:50,034 Look at that! 83 00:04:50,137 --> 00:04:52,034 - It was a very brave thing to do. 84 00:04:52,137 --> 00:04:55,310 You know, drag queens were at the sharp end, even back then. 85 00:04:55,379 --> 00:04:59,931 But there was a kind of great defiance and bravery. 86 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:07,137 - They didn't care. You know, ink, egg, spit... 87 00:05:07,275 --> 00:05:11,034 The woman came running up to me as I'm going in, 88 00:05:11,137 --> 00:05:13,275 spit on me like a truck driver. 89 00:05:13,379 --> 00:05:15,551 "Fucking faggot!" 90 00:05:15,620 --> 00:05:18,758 [Crowd shouting] 91 00:05:18,862 --> 00:05:22,206 And the police would stand there: "Get that one! 92 00:05:22,310 --> 00:05:23,965 You missed that one!" 93 00:05:24,068 --> 00:05:25,103 Laughing. 94 00:05:30,103 --> 00:05:34,793 - It's comforting to know that there were people before. 95 00:05:34,896 --> 00:05:38,482 Yeah, they paved the way for people like me, 96 00:05:38,586 --> 00:05:41,310 as Michelle Ross did and others. 97 00:05:41,413 --> 00:05:43,000 ♪ ♪ 98 00:05:49,379 --> 00:05:52,241 ♪ ♪ 99 00:05:53,275 --> 00:05:55,827 - "Who's that amazing woman on stage?" 100 00:05:55,931 --> 00:05:58,862 And of course, it was a drag queen. 101 00:05:58,965 --> 00:06:01,000 But impeccable and flawless. 102 00:06:01,103 --> 00:06:02,965 And this was Michelle Ross. 103 00:06:03,034 --> 00:06:04,931 - Michelle Ross, 104 00:06:05,034 --> 00:06:10,517 a legendary Black queer Canadian of Jamaican heritage. 105 00:06:10,655 --> 00:06:13,068 When you walked into a club on Yonge Street 106 00:06:13,172 --> 00:06:15,206 where Michelle was performing, 107 00:06:15,310 --> 00:06:19,172 you knew that a particular kind of Black life 108 00:06:19,275 --> 00:06:20,965 was being made present. 109 00:06:22,034 --> 00:06:24,482 The majesty of her gowns. 110 00:06:24,586 --> 00:06:27,172 [Crowd cheering and applauding] 111 00:06:27,275 --> 00:06:30,206 - [Titi]: I feel grateful when I see those photographs, 112 00:06:30,344 --> 00:06:34,482 and I also feel like those people need to be honoured and remembered 113 00:06:34,586 --> 00:06:37,137 because they were trailblazers. 114 00:06:42,344 --> 00:06:44,482 - We made a point. 115 00:06:44,551 --> 00:06:47,275 "We're here, we're queer. 116 00:06:47,344 --> 00:06:49,413 We're in your face." 117 00:07:02,448 --> 00:07:06,448 - My name is Jeanine Maes. I'm 83 years old. 118 00:07:06,551 --> 00:07:09,275 I am one of the last women 119 00:07:09,379 --> 00:07:13,413 that was locked up in a psychiatric hospital 120 00:07:13,517 --> 00:07:15,931 for lesbianism. 121 00:07:16,034 --> 00:07:19,413 It happened in Saint-Jean-de-Dieu 122 00:07:19,517 --> 00:07:23,482 in Montréal 1962. 123 00:07:25,586 --> 00:07:28,379 The door closed behind me. 124 00:07:28,448 --> 00:07:30,758 I saw the bars on the windows. 125 00:07:30,827 --> 00:07:34,448 My husband and my psychiatrist decided they were going to cure me. 126 00:07:34,551 --> 00:07:40,620 Because at that time, being homosexual wasn't just illegal, 127 00:07:40,724 --> 00:07:44,000 it was considered a mental illness. 128 00:07:46,448 --> 00:07:51,655 They didn't have a lesbian wing, so they sent me to the schizophrenic wing. 129 00:07:51,793 --> 00:07:55,448 And that's when the nightmare began. 130 00:07:57,482 --> 00:08:03,517 Every day, except on weekends, I had to see my psychiatrist. 131 00:08:03,655 --> 00:08:06,517 He was looking for the problem in my head. 132 00:08:06,620 --> 00:08:08,827 But that's not all. 133 00:08:08,931 --> 00:08:15,172 The gynecologists were looking for the problem in my vagina. 134 00:08:15,241 --> 00:08:19,896 They were both looking for what was wrong, but nothing was wrong. 135 00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:22,172 I was very comfortable in my skin. 136 00:08:22,275 --> 00:08:25,137 I had discovered I was a lesbian, that I liked women. 137 00:08:25,206 --> 00:08:29,344 I didn't understand their attitude at all. 138 00:08:31,241 --> 00:08:34,896 And that was the second blow: she never came back. 139 00:08:35,034 --> 00:08:38,034 He stole my daughter and gave her to his mother, 140 00:08:38,137 --> 00:08:40,344 because for him, she was his child. 141 00:08:40,448 --> 00:08:44,482 He didn't want her to be raised by lesbians. 142 00:08:44,551 --> 00:08:47,586 So he gave her to his mother in France. 143 00:08:47,689 --> 00:08:52,413 I told him I wouldn't let that happen, I'd take him to court. 144 00:08:52,482 --> 00:08:54,379 She was my child. 145 00:08:54,482 --> 00:08:58,689 I went to see three different lawyers. 146 00:08:58,793 --> 00:09:00,689 They all said the same thing: 147 00:09:00,793 --> 00:09:04,551 Don't try it, it'll cost a fortune, and it won't work. 148 00:09:04,655 --> 00:09:06,689 You won't get her back. 149 00:09:06,793 --> 00:09:10,344 Because you're a lesbian, and she's a girl. 150 00:09:18,551 --> 00:09:20,310 [Church bell tolling] 151 00:09:22,517 --> 00:09:26,724 - The view we take here is that there's no place for the state 152 00:09:26,827 --> 00:09:29,103 in the bedrooms of the nation. 153 00:09:29,241 --> 00:09:30,448 And I think that, you know, 154 00:09:30,586 --> 00:09:32,482 what's done in private between adults 155 00:09:32,586 --> 00:09:34,310 doesn't concern the criminal code. 156 00:09:34,413 --> 00:09:37,379 When it becomes public, this is a different matter. 157 00:09:37,448 --> 00:09:38,620 - [Tom]: In December 1967, 158 00:09:38,724 --> 00:09:43,172 Pierre Elliot Trudeau's government introduced this bill 159 00:09:43,275 --> 00:09:44,551 that has been labelled 160 00:09:44,655 --> 00:09:47,551 the decriminalization of homosexuality in Canada. 161 00:09:47,620 --> 00:09:50,586 - What it actually did was to say that 162 00:09:50,689 --> 00:09:55,310 if two people, both of whom were over 21, 163 00:09:55,379 --> 00:09:57,103 had sex... 164 00:09:58,241 --> 00:10:00,758 in private and nobody saw it, 165 00:10:00,862 --> 00:10:03,551 then the police wouldn't arrest you 166 00:10:03,655 --> 00:10:05,068 and you wouldn't go to jail. 167 00:10:05,206 --> 00:10:07,517 - You won't be charged criminally 168 00:10:07,620 --> 00:10:09,724 for gross indecency or buggery 169 00:10:09,827 --> 00:10:12,206 as long as there's only two of you 170 00:10:12,275 --> 00:10:14,344 and it's in private, right? 171 00:10:14,413 --> 00:10:19,275 Well, I was 17, and so I would have been a criminal. 172 00:10:19,413 --> 00:10:21,793 - It didn't deal with any kind of civil rights. 173 00:10:21,931 --> 00:10:24,482 I mean, you could still be fired from your job, 174 00:10:24,586 --> 00:10:26,275 thrown out of your apartment, 175 00:10:26,379 --> 00:10:28,758 refused service in a restaurant if you wanted 176 00:10:28,862 --> 00:10:31,275 if they thought that you looked gay, right? 177 00:10:33,689 --> 00:10:35,620 ♪ ♪ 178 00:10:38,689 --> 00:10:41,482 But I think that Bill C-150 179 00:10:41,586 --> 00:10:46,413 actually dramatically changed the conversation. 180 00:10:47,448 --> 00:10:50,758 From something that was the love that dare not speak its name, 181 00:10:50,862 --> 00:10:53,517 it suddenly became something everybody had to talk about. 182 00:10:53,620 --> 00:10:54,793 It was on television. 183 00:11:01,655 --> 00:11:04,620 - At first it was very hard for me. 184 00:11:05,689 --> 00:11:08,310 Because so many people were against me. 185 00:11:08,448 --> 00:11:10,724 I developed a guilt complex. 186 00:11:11,931 --> 00:11:13,827 They told me I was bestial. 187 00:11:13,931 --> 00:11:17,517 That two women having sex was disgusting. 188 00:11:17,655 --> 00:11:23,379 Heterosexuals would often insult me loudly, to my face, in public. 189 00:11:23,482 --> 00:11:24,965 It was really awful. 190 00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:28,241 At that point, I got depressed. 191 00:11:28,310 --> 00:11:32,344 I was the first who dared say, 192 00:11:32,482 --> 00:11:35,482 officially and on television, 193 00:11:35,586 --> 00:11:40,655 that I was a lesbian and why I was a lesbian. 194 00:11:41,793 --> 00:11:43,310 - Are you abnormal? 195 00:11:43,413 --> 00:11:47,413 - I don't consider myself abnormal, not at all. Not at all. 196 00:11:47,517 --> 00:11:49,172 I am like everyone else. 197 00:11:50,241 --> 00:11:52,862 Of course, I wasn't cured. I hadn't changed. 198 00:11:52,965 --> 00:11:57,793 Rather, I was absolutely convinced that this was the life I wanted to lead. 199 00:11:57,931 --> 00:12:03,413 - I think I was queer from birth, 200 00:12:03,551 --> 00:12:09,206 in that, you know, like, I was a sissy. 201 00:12:09,310 --> 00:12:11,689 I loved dressing up in my mom's clothes. 202 00:12:11,793 --> 00:12:13,724 In fact, one of my earliest memories 203 00:12:13,862 --> 00:12:15,724 is wearing my cousin's wedding dress. 204 00:12:15,827 --> 00:12:17,344 My father worked all the time. 205 00:12:17,448 --> 00:12:18,551 In the evening, 206 00:12:18,655 --> 00:12:20,793 he would come home and go and sit on the back porch, 207 00:12:20,896 --> 00:12:22,241 and it was my duty to bring him 208 00:12:22,379 --> 00:12:23,758 what was called "the evening news," 209 00:12:23,862 --> 00:12:25,482 which was the evening paper. 210 00:12:25,586 --> 00:12:29,551 And I remember reading about gay activists in 1969 211 00:12:29,689 --> 00:12:31,689 and the Stonewall riots then, 212 00:12:31,827 --> 00:12:34,517 and thinking somehow, that was me. 213 00:12:34,586 --> 00:12:36,931 - [Crowd chanting]: Gay, gay all the way! 214 00:12:38,931 --> 00:12:42,758 - Think of those early organizations were called Gay Liberation Fronts. 215 00:12:42,862 --> 00:12:44,206 That was named after 216 00:12:44,310 --> 00:12:46,379 the National Liberation Front in Vietnam. 217 00:12:46,482 --> 00:12:48,482 We had women's liberation, 218 00:12:48,551 --> 00:12:51,724 Black liberation, Chicano liberation. 219 00:12:52,758 --> 00:12:56,689 And we saw ourselves part of a much broader movement 220 00:12:56,793 --> 00:13:00,827 for deep social change. 221 00:13:05,758 --> 00:13:08,586 ♪ ♪ 222 00:13:10,551 --> 00:13:15,655 We were overwhelmingly male, overwhelmingly white. 223 00:13:17,000 --> 00:13:21,586 So it was kind of a working class or middle class 224 00:13:21,689 --> 00:13:25,241 upwardly mobile group of young white men 225 00:13:25,344 --> 00:13:29,034 who felt that we were going to change the world. 226 00:13:36,724 --> 00:13:40,931 - Gay liberation, for me, was the place where 227 00:13:41,034 --> 00:13:46,620 I could express the truth about my sexuality. 228 00:13:47,724 --> 00:13:50,551 Discrimination became more a reality 229 00:13:50,620 --> 00:13:55,413 as gay people emerged from the closet in larger numbers. 230 00:13:56,896 --> 00:14:01,310 And we wanted to organize people 231 00:14:01,413 --> 00:14:04,724 in opposition to that discrimination, 232 00:14:04,827 --> 00:14:08,344 in part to bring them out in even greater numbers, 233 00:14:08,482 --> 00:14:10,896 knowing that that was a necessary precondition 234 00:14:11,000 --> 00:14:13,000 for the creation of the gay community. 235 00:14:17,827 --> 00:14:22,965 - In 1971, Toronto Gay Action decided 236 00:14:23,034 --> 00:14:28,551 to organize the first national protest march in Ottawa... 237 00:14:29,586 --> 00:14:34,000 and to, as the substance of the march, 238 00:14:34,068 --> 00:14:38,310 to write a document listing all of our grievances 239 00:14:38,413 --> 00:14:40,758 against the federal government. 240 00:14:42,827 --> 00:14:47,586 When you're attempting to build a political movement, 241 00:14:47,689 --> 00:14:50,448 you have to get your act together 242 00:14:50,551 --> 00:14:52,655 and spell everything out. 243 00:14:52,758 --> 00:14:56,689 - One of the beauties of the We Demand document 244 00:14:56,793 --> 00:15:00,310 is that we saw it as so incredibly utopian. 245 00:15:00,413 --> 00:15:02,724 We didn't think we had a hope in hell 246 00:15:02,827 --> 00:15:05,137 of ever winning any of those demands. 247 00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:17,310 [Thunder rumbling] 248 00:15:17,413 --> 00:15:20,724 - I made a lot of the signs, you know. 249 00:15:20,793 --> 00:15:25,482 But we didn't know much about making protest signs 250 00:15:25,586 --> 00:15:28,586 that would survive rainstorms. 251 00:15:28,689 --> 00:15:29,896 [Chuckling] 252 00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:34,551 So I think about 50% of them disintegrated almost instantly. 253 00:15:34,655 --> 00:15:37,000 [Jearld chuckling] 254 00:15:39,103 --> 00:15:44,586 I mean, I was running around trying to take photos, 255 00:15:44,689 --> 00:15:49,068 because I realized they would be of historical importance. 256 00:15:50,965 --> 00:15:53,827 - Canadian homosexuals are having their careers ruined, 257 00:15:53,896 --> 00:15:55,724 being kicked out of their churches, 258 00:15:55,793 --> 00:15:57,724 having their children taken away from them 259 00:15:57,793 --> 00:16:00,758 and being assaulted in the streets of our own city. 260 00:16:00,862 --> 00:16:03,172 What have we done to deserve this? 261 00:16:03,310 --> 00:16:05,620 Love, that's all we have done. 262 00:16:05,689 --> 00:16:08,586 All we want to do is love persons of the same sex 263 00:16:08,689 --> 00:16:11,655 and live our lives we decide for ourselves. 264 00:16:11,758 --> 00:16:15,586 - [Tim]: They were basically civil-rights-style demands. 265 00:16:15,655 --> 00:16:17,827 They were forcefully made, 266 00:16:17,931 --> 00:16:20,586 and it really set an agenda 267 00:16:20,655 --> 00:16:25,206 that put this whole question of gay sexuality on the map. 268 00:16:28,793 --> 00:16:31,931 - "Today marks a turning point in our history. 269 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:34,103 "No longer are we going to petition others 270 00:16:34,206 --> 00:16:35,827 "to give us our rights as gifts. 271 00:16:35,931 --> 00:16:38,448 "We're here to demand them as equal citizens 272 00:16:38,586 --> 00:16:39,689 "on our own terms. 273 00:16:41,241 --> 00:16:43,724 "Homosexual women and men in Canada 274 00:16:43,827 --> 00:16:47,931 "are fed up with being the butt of other people's jokes. 275 00:16:49,137 --> 00:16:52,103 "We are fed up with the lack of basic respect 276 00:16:52,172 --> 00:16:53,793 "due to all human beings. 277 00:16:56,931 --> 00:17:00,241 "We're fed up with having to hide to preserve our jobs. 278 00:17:03,137 --> 00:17:05,068 "We're fed up with having to hide 279 00:17:05,172 --> 00:17:06,758 "to preserve our own freedom. 280 00:17:09,103 --> 00:17:11,758 "We're fed up with the genocide of gays, 281 00:17:11,862 --> 00:17:13,586 "fostered by psychiatrists, 282 00:17:13,689 --> 00:17:15,896 "using medieval tortures to destroy us. 283 00:17:18,172 --> 00:17:21,482 "We're fed up with being discriminated against 284 00:17:21,586 --> 00:17:23,931 "in employment, housing and the courts. 285 00:17:26,172 --> 00:17:29,137 "We're fed up with being arrested and harassed 286 00:17:29,206 --> 00:17:32,000 "by police forces paid for by our own taxes. 287 00:17:33,931 --> 00:17:35,655 "In fact, we're fed up 288 00:17:35,758 --> 00:17:38,793 with paying the price of other people's hangups." 289 00:17:38,896 --> 00:17:40,724 [Door closing] 290 00:17:43,793 --> 00:17:46,724 "There's no homosexual problem in Canada. 291 00:17:46,827 --> 00:17:48,551 "There's a heterosexual problem. 292 00:17:50,931 --> 00:17:54,034 "Two million homosexual men and women in Canada 293 00:17:54,137 --> 00:17:55,103 "are watching us. 294 00:17:55,206 --> 00:17:57,586 "We're going to show them that it can be done. 295 00:17:57,689 --> 00:17:59,965 "We can go anywhere we choose as homosexuals 296 00:18:00,068 --> 00:18:03,068 "and as Canadian citizens with full civil rights. 297 00:18:03,172 --> 00:18:05,689 "Gay is proud and gay is good. 298 00:18:05,758 --> 00:18:08,137 Let's say it wherever we go." 299 00:18:12,827 --> 00:18:15,931 - I suggested the most important thing we could do 300 00:18:16,068 --> 00:18:18,724 to build the movement and build community 301 00:18:18,793 --> 00:18:21,000 was to start a newspaper of our own. 302 00:18:24,068 --> 00:18:26,724 - There was silence in the media, 303 00:18:26,793 --> 00:18:28,206 the mainstream media, 304 00:18:28,275 --> 00:18:30,965 around homosexuality in general. 305 00:18:31,068 --> 00:18:33,620 So I think the conclusion was: 306 00:18:33,724 --> 00:18:35,620 "We need to have our own newspaper 307 00:18:35,724 --> 00:18:38,206 where we can write what we want to write." 308 00:18:54,896 --> 00:18:56,965 And I think that became an important thing 309 00:18:57,103 --> 00:18:58,275 that there really was a place 310 00:18:58,379 --> 00:19:00,793 where you could actually look at something 311 00:19:00,862 --> 00:19:01,896 written by queer people. 312 00:19:06,896 --> 00:19:08,655 - [Jearld]: For a Canadian publication, 313 00:19:08,758 --> 00:19:11,068 the Body Politic was pretty unique 314 00:19:11,172 --> 00:19:16,034 because it had achieved a reputation internationally... 315 00:19:17,103 --> 00:19:22,000 which very few Canadian periodicals have done. 316 00:19:23,103 --> 00:19:25,172 - [Ed]: Chris Bearchell was the only woman 317 00:19:25,275 --> 00:19:28,137 on the editorial collective of the Body Politic. 318 00:19:28,241 --> 00:19:31,689 - [Tim]: She was this feisty little dyke 319 00:19:31,827 --> 00:19:34,827 who made sure that feminism was on the agenda 320 00:19:34,965 --> 00:19:37,896 and made sure that gay liberation 321 00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:40,931 was on the agenda for feminists. 322 00:19:47,862 --> 00:19:49,827 - [Jearld]: All of us on the initial collective, 323 00:19:49,896 --> 00:19:52,000 we would sell the newspaper on the street. 324 00:19:52,103 --> 00:19:55,379 I mean, I can remember going out with a bundle of 100 papers 325 00:19:55,517 --> 00:19:57,000 and selling them all. 326 00:19:57,103 --> 00:19:59,655 - Yeah, there was lots of reaction. 327 00:19:59,724 --> 00:20:02,000 I mean, I have to say I was pretty cute. 328 00:20:02,068 --> 00:20:05,068 You know, I was 21 and wearing a gay pride T-shirt and so on. 329 00:20:05,172 --> 00:20:07,793 And they'd all say, "Oh, I don't want your paper, 330 00:20:07,896 --> 00:20:08,724 but I'll take you," 331 00:20:08,827 --> 00:20:10,034 and all this kind of stuff. 332 00:20:10,172 --> 00:20:12,689 You know, lots of cruisy stuff going on. 333 00:20:12,793 --> 00:20:14,068 I'd say: "Oh yeah, well, you know, 334 00:20:14,172 --> 00:20:15,827 I cost more than 25 cents, ha-ha." 335 00:20:23,206 --> 00:20:25,000 - [Ed]: The Body Politic, you know, 336 00:20:25,103 --> 00:20:27,034 had to decide what kind of covers, 337 00:20:27,137 --> 00:20:30,275 what kind of art on the covers would be used. 338 00:20:31,793 --> 00:20:34,758 We began to cover stories we'd heard 339 00:20:34,862 --> 00:20:38,034 of people being arrested in washrooms, 340 00:20:38,137 --> 00:20:41,206 you know, people being thrown out of apartments 341 00:20:41,344 --> 00:20:43,310 because they were queer. 342 00:20:44,517 --> 00:20:47,172 One of them would be Douglas Wilson, 343 00:20:47,275 --> 00:20:49,310 who was a teacher in Saskatchewan. 344 00:20:49,413 --> 00:20:52,103 He was fired because he was openly gay. 345 00:20:53,379 --> 00:20:55,137 Really at the time, 346 00:20:55,241 --> 00:20:57,931 the Body Politic was globally recognized 347 00:20:58,068 --> 00:21:02,275 as being one of the leaders in terms of debates, discourses, 348 00:21:02,413 --> 00:21:04,724 fights, theories, 349 00:21:04,793 --> 00:21:09,206 development of a rigorous queer liberation theory. 350 00:21:09,310 --> 00:21:10,310 There was this sense of: 351 00:21:10,413 --> 00:21:14,137 "I'm getting this amazing immersion and education 352 00:21:14,275 --> 00:21:17,137 in what gay liberation can look like." 353 00:21:21,310 --> 00:21:24,068 - [Hugh]: People growing up in small towns and so on 354 00:21:24,172 --> 00:21:26,965 say that they saw the Body Politic in the library, 355 00:21:27,068 --> 00:21:28,241 and they couldn't believe it. 356 00:21:28,344 --> 00:21:31,344 You know, they couldn't believe that such a thing existed. 357 00:21:31,448 --> 00:21:33,137 - I found the Body Politic. 358 00:21:33,241 --> 00:21:35,137 Who knew the Cedarbrae Public Library 359 00:21:35,275 --> 00:21:37,137 was so progressive to have all of this. 360 00:21:37,275 --> 00:21:39,793 That where I was there feeling isolated, 361 00:21:39,896 --> 00:21:42,379 it gave me a space to sort of find myself. 362 00:21:42,482 --> 00:21:44,275 And so, the Body Politic 363 00:21:44,413 --> 00:21:49,344 actually located queerness and gayness in Toronto. 364 00:21:49,448 --> 00:21:51,413 So I knew, you know, 365 00:21:51,482 --> 00:21:56,413 not far from where I was sitting in Cedarbrae Public Library, 366 00:21:56,482 --> 00:21:59,000 that there was a whole community. 367 00:22:07,103 --> 00:22:09,103 [Bell dinging] 368 00:22:09,206 --> 00:22:12,551 - I started buying the Body Politic on the sly, 369 00:22:12,655 --> 00:22:15,068 and I started reading the paper 370 00:22:15,206 --> 00:22:19,413 and found that there was going to be this Gay Pride march. 371 00:22:23,275 --> 00:22:24,862 [Motor revving] 372 00:22:36,344 --> 00:22:37,448 It started at Allan Gardens. 373 00:22:37,517 --> 00:22:40,000 And I remember hiding sort of behind the bushes 374 00:22:40,068 --> 00:22:42,517 and kind of watching these people as they formed up. 375 00:22:42,620 --> 00:22:44,862 Then as they began to pick up things to go, 376 00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:46,310 I thought: "This is the moment." 377 00:22:46,379 --> 00:22:48,793 And so I walked over and picked up a sign that said, 378 00:22:48,862 --> 00:22:51,000 you know, "Gay Liberation Now," or something. 379 00:22:53,448 --> 00:22:56,137 - I had a bullhorn at the front of the parade 380 00:22:56,206 --> 00:22:57,827 and was calling out the chants. 381 00:22:57,965 --> 00:23:01,413 We were all pumped and excited and chanting: 382 00:23:01,517 --> 00:23:03,034 "Two, four, six, eight, 383 00:23:03,103 --> 00:23:04,965 gay is just as good as straight." 384 00:23:15,344 --> 00:23:17,379 - And the advantage of having so few people 385 00:23:17,448 --> 00:23:20,275 was that I was recognized as a new face in the crowd, 386 00:23:20,379 --> 00:23:22,068 picked up, taken home, had sex with, 387 00:23:22,206 --> 00:23:24,034 given a stack of gay liberation literature 388 00:23:24,103 --> 00:23:26,413 and told to come back for more when I finished reading. 389 00:23:26,551 --> 00:23:28,310 And I read. 390 00:23:31,482 --> 00:23:36,620 - I saw this very masculine, handsome young guy on the side there. 391 00:23:36,724 --> 00:23:39,137 And so I asked him if I could hold his hand. 392 00:23:39,241 --> 00:23:40,379 [Laughing] 393 00:23:40,448 --> 00:23:43,551 To pull him into the march, really. 394 00:23:43,655 --> 00:23:48,068 So we held hands, and then we became... 395 00:23:50,103 --> 00:23:52,068 very close for a year. 396 00:23:52,137 --> 00:23:54,275 And that was very lovely. 397 00:23:54,413 --> 00:23:58,586 And that helped Tim evolve into... 398 00:23:59,620 --> 00:24:03,586 perhaps the most important single gay activist in Canada. 399 00:24:03,655 --> 00:24:05,689 That's how I see it. 400 00:24:05,827 --> 00:24:09,379 So in that way, if I played a positive role, 401 00:24:09,482 --> 00:24:11,068 I'm proud of that. 402 00:24:20,379 --> 00:24:24,517 - [Hugh]: Jearld Moldenhauer provides an invaluable record 403 00:24:24,655 --> 00:24:26,310 of those early days, 404 00:24:26,379 --> 00:24:30,000 both in photographs and in the Super 8 footage. 405 00:24:31,620 --> 00:24:34,068 Jearld is a remarkable archivist. 406 00:24:39,724 --> 00:24:42,310 - [Jearld]: Why it's important to document history? 407 00:24:42,413 --> 00:24:45,586 It shows real live human beings in their situation 408 00:24:45,689 --> 00:24:47,620 trying to change their society. 409 00:24:47,724 --> 00:24:51,620 When people see that, you know, especially as time goes by, 410 00:24:51,689 --> 00:24:55,310 and they look back and they see what those people did, 411 00:24:55,379 --> 00:24:59,206 that they took a stand, they participated, 412 00:24:59,344 --> 00:25:01,724 and that's how change occurs. 413 00:25:07,517 --> 00:25:11,068 - This was a joyous, in-your-face, profoundly political event 414 00:25:11,206 --> 00:25:14,413 because it was not OK to be out back then. 415 00:25:18,655 --> 00:25:20,206 ♪ ♪ 416 00:25:21,551 --> 00:25:26,413 We were very young and committed to resisting, rebellion 417 00:25:26,517 --> 00:25:30,206 and being out to everyone. 418 00:25:30,310 --> 00:25:31,586 That was new. 419 00:26:07,344 --> 00:26:10,448 - Do you understand, those of you who are not gay, 420 00:26:10,551 --> 00:26:13,586 how we have been violated since the very beginning of time? 421 00:26:13,655 --> 00:26:16,758 Do you understand that they violated us during the Inquisition 422 00:26:16,862 --> 00:26:19,482 by burning millions of us as witches at the stake 423 00:26:19,620 --> 00:26:22,034 because we were interested in herbal medicine 424 00:26:22,137 --> 00:26:23,758 or that we spoke out with the truth? 425 00:26:23,827 --> 00:26:26,310 Do you know how men got the name "faggot," 426 00:26:26,413 --> 00:26:28,758 for any of you guys that still use the word "faggot"? 427 00:26:28,827 --> 00:26:31,310 Because they were tied to the witches, 428 00:26:31,413 --> 00:26:33,137 doused with gasoline and lit on fire. 429 00:26:33,241 --> 00:26:35,103 And that's how they got the name "faggot". 430 00:26:35,172 --> 00:26:37,448 They were used as a wood to burn the women. 431 00:26:37,517 --> 00:26:39,413 My name is Robin Tyler. 432 00:26:39,517 --> 00:26:42,310 And I knew I was born a lesbian when my mother delivered me 433 00:26:42,413 --> 00:26:44,310 and the doctor hit me, and I hit him back. 434 00:26:44,413 --> 00:26:48,655 I was the first out gay or lesbian comic. 435 00:26:48,758 --> 00:26:51,206 I've also been an activist all of my life, 436 00:26:51,310 --> 00:26:52,655 including here in Winnipeg. 437 00:26:55,689 --> 00:26:57,620 I never came out of the closet. 438 00:26:57,724 --> 00:26:59,517 I was never in the closet. 439 00:26:59,655 --> 00:27:02,862 I remember falling in love with Sheri Bernstein 440 00:27:02,965 --> 00:27:05,827 at the Banff School of Fine Arts, you know, 441 00:27:05,896 --> 00:27:08,310 and picking up a book called The Ladder. 442 00:27:08,379 --> 00:27:10,689 And it was: "If you're a woman, you love another woman, 443 00:27:10,827 --> 00:27:11,827 "what you are is a lesbian. 444 00:27:11,931 --> 00:27:14,379 If it feels right to you, it is right." 445 00:27:18,413 --> 00:27:20,793 I ran down the Banff School of Fine Arts screaming: 446 00:27:20,896 --> 00:27:22,586 "I'm a lesbian, I'm a lesbian, hooray!" 447 00:27:22,724 --> 00:27:25,586 And my teacher, who was just like this Maggie Smith 448 00:27:25,689 --> 00:27:26,965 in The Prime of Jean Brodie, 449 00:27:27,034 --> 00:27:28,137 came out and said: 450 00:27:28,241 --> 00:27:30,448 "There, there, dear, we're all thespians. 451 00:27:30,551 --> 00:27:32,103 That's why we're here, right?" 452 00:27:32,206 --> 00:27:33,793 So I couldn't even come out when I came out. 453 00:27:33,896 --> 00:27:36,655 - I remember being on a work crew with a woman 454 00:27:36,724 --> 00:27:41,620 that, um, wore blue jeans, and she had an army jacket, 455 00:27:41,689 --> 00:27:43,758 and she was a poet, 456 00:27:43,862 --> 00:27:45,448 and she was yummy. 457 00:27:45,551 --> 00:27:49,517 And I said to her: "Can I kiss you? I must kiss you." 458 00:27:49,620 --> 00:27:50,724 And she said yes. 459 00:27:50,827 --> 00:27:52,310 I remember thinking, 460 00:27:52,413 --> 00:27:55,379 as we were in bed having wild sex for the first time, 461 00:27:55,448 --> 00:27:59,896 it's like: "OK, I'm a nice Catholic girl from, you know, northern prairies, 462 00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:02,413 and this is worth going to hell for." 463 00:28:08,137 --> 00:28:10,862 - I come from a very repressed family 464 00:28:10,965 --> 00:28:14,862 in a small town in British Columbia, in Kelowna. 465 00:28:14,931 --> 00:28:16,517 It was very tiny. 466 00:28:16,586 --> 00:28:18,551 It was very conservative. 467 00:28:19,758 --> 00:28:22,344 I used to have these reoccurring nightmares 468 00:28:22,448 --> 00:28:25,448 that these beautiful women turned into witches 469 00:28:25,551 --> 00:28:26,827 and they were trying to get me. 470 00:28:26,931 --> 00:28:28,689 And I would run and run, and I would panic, 471 00:28:28,758 --> 00:28:30,137 and I would wake up. 472 00:28:30,275 --> 00:28:32,586 And it was kind of like this terror nightmare. 473 00:28:32,655 --> 00:28:35,034 And I thought: "Oh my God, lesbians are witches. 474 00:28:35,137 --> 00:28:36,965 "Clearly, like, it's bad. 475 00:28:37,103 --> 00:28:39,620 It's a bad thing that I'm feeling this." 476 00:28:39,724 --> 00:28:43,793 And I guess one day, I actually analyzed it differently. 477 00:28:43,896 --> 00:28:45,448 And I thought: "It's just... 478 00:28:45,551 --> 00:28:47,413 "It's what I'm afraid of, 479 00:28:47,482 --> 00:28:49,448 because it's going to change my life." 480 00:28:49,551 --> 00:28:52,310 - [Crowd singing]: ♪ My fear has turned to anger ♪ 481 00:28:52,448 --> 00:28:55,413 ♪ As my anger's turned into rage ♪ 482 00:28:55,517 --> 00:28:57,862 ♪ And I won't live my life in a cage ♪ 483 00:28:57,965 --> 00:29:00,310 ♪ So we're gonna fight back ♪ 484 00:29:00,448 --> 00:29:01,655 ♪ In large numbers ♪ 485 00:29:01,793 --> 00:29:03,482 ♪ Fight back ♪ 486 00:29:03,620 --> 00:29:05,310 ♪ I can't make it alone ♪ 487 00:29:05,448 --> 00:29:07,379 ♪ Fight back ♪ 488 00:29:07,517 --> 00:29:08,689 ♪ In large numbers ♪ 489 00:29:08,827 --> 00:29:11,275 ♪ Together we can make a safe home ♪ 490 00:29:11,517 --> 00:29:14,448 ♪ Together we can make a safe home ♪ 491 00:29:14,551 --> 00:29:17,103 [Crowd chanting]: Two, four, six, eight, 492 00:29:17,206 --> 00:29:19,551 lesbians are really great! 493 00:29:20,793 --> 00:29:24,689 - Lesbian organizations were popping up all over the country. 494 00:29:24,793 --> 00:29:28,655 And it really was a time when we needed to separate from gay men. 495 00:29:28,758 --> 00:29:31,000 Because what we were fighting for 496 00:29:31,103 --> 00:29:34,896 felt very different as women and as feminists. 497 00:29:35,000 --> 00:29:36,482 ♪♪ Angry young woman ♪ 498 00:29:36,551 --> 00:29:38,344 ♪ I've been around ♪ 499 00:29:38,482 --> 00:29:39,551 ♪ Angry young woman ♪ 500 00:29:39,655 --> 00:29:41,000 ♪ I'll bust up the town ♪ 501 00:29:41,137 --> 00:29:42,827 ♪ Angry young woman ♪ 502 00:29:42,931 --> 00:29:44,620 ♪ They call me a dyke ♪ 503 00:29:44,724 --> 00:29:46,000 ♪ I don't know much about it ♪ 504 00:29:46,206 --> 00:29:49,551 ♪ I just know what I like ♪ 505 00:29:49,689 --> 00:29:53,413 - This is a time that requires that we be on the street. 506 00:29:53,517 --> 00:29:56,793 This is a time that requires us to be visible. 507 00:29:56,896 --> 00:30:00,862 This is a time that requires us to take up space. 508 00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:02,793 And we did. 509 00:30:02,896 --> 00:30:06,034 ♪ A motorbike with whistles ♪ 510 00:30:06,172 --> 00:30:08,000 ♪ Hey, you want a ride? ♪ 511 00:30:08,068 --> 00:30:11,482 ♪ You don't understand when I say no, it's no ♪ 512 00:30:11,586 --> 00:30:15,896 - I believe that we began to build in 1977. 513 00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:19,137 Now, originally, when we were trying to figure out 514 00:30:19,206 --> 00:30:21,586 what to call ourselves, actually, 515 00:30:21,689 --> 00:30:24,448 the first idea was the Toronto Organization of Lesbians. 516 00:30:24,517 --> 00:30:27,793 But we didn't like the acronym, which was TOOL. 517 00:30:27,862 --> 00:30:30,551 So we flipped it 518 00:30:30,655 --> 00:30:33,827 and decided it would be the Lesbian Organization of Toronto, 519 00:30:33,931 --> 00:30:35,793 LOOT. 520 00:30:38,862 --> 00:30:40,344 And we found this house. 521 00:30:40,448 --> 00:30:43,965 It was a little ramshackle, but that was OK. 522 00:30:44,068 --> 00:30:45,758 Women started coming in, 523 00:30:45,862 --> 00:30:50,000 and we started seeing that we weren't alone. 524 00:30:52,862 --> 00:30:56,000 Just the notion that we could be out there, 525 00:30:56,103 --> 00:31:00,862 we could be together, we could celebrate, 526 00:31:01,000 --> 00:31:05,586 we could flirt, we could, you know, find a new lover, 527 00:31:05,689 --> 00:31:08,413 we could find a new friend, 528 00:31:08,551 --> 00:31:10,379 we could go out afterwards, 529 00:31:10,448 --> 00:31:13,379 we could go home afterwards with somebody. 530 00:31:13,482 --> 00:31:17,517 All of that was just, uh, oh, it was so luscious. 531 00:31:17,620 --> 00:31:20,896 ♪ I just know what I like ♪ 532 00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:23,551 - I knew what a lesbian was. 533 00:31:23,620 --> 00:31:28,068 That still wasn't really what I felt comfortable with. 534 00:31:28,172 --> 00:31:32,586 And after going there for about, I guess, 3 or 4 days, 535 00:31:32,689 --> 00:31:35,827 I heard the word "dyke," and I asked what that meant. 536 00:31:35,931 --> 00:31:37,103 And they said: 537 00:31:37,206 --> 00:31:40,413 "Oh, you know, "that's somebody who is politically active, 538 00:31:40,551 --> 00:31:41,931 and they like to kick ass." 539 00:31:42,068 --> 00:31:43,620 And I said: "Well, that's me." 540 00:31:49,137 --> 00:31:52,103 - When it was my shift on the phone lines 541 00:31:52,241 --> 00:31:54,413 and young women would call up, 542 00:31:54,551 --> 00:31:57,793 and they would hear my accent, my Trini accent, 543 00:31:57,931 --> 00:32:01,000 they would say: "Oh, you sound like my mother," 544 00:32:01,137 --> 00:32:04,517 or, "You sound like my aunt, but I was born here. 545 00:32:04,655 --> 00:32:06,172 Can I come down and meet you?" 546 00:32:06,310 --> 00:32:07,965 - I don't know how I ended up there. 547 00:32:08,068 --> 00:32:09,482 Somebody took me there, 548 00:32:09,620 --> 00:32:13,137 but I ended up playing some of my first gigs at LOOT. 549 00:32:13,241 --> 00:32:15,034 And I was so bad. 550 00:32:15,137 --> 00:32:16,827 Oh my God, I was so bad. 551 00:32:16,931 --> 00:32:20,620 But they were so supportive, and it gave me... 552 00:32:20,689 --> 00:32:24,137 Just watching these women talking together, 553 00:32:24,275 --> 00:32:25,655 you know, I was a little... 554 00:32:25,758 --> 00:32:28,068 I was a little baby dyke at that point, right? 555 00:32:28,172 --> 00:32:30,931 I was still fresh and new in this world, 556 00:32:31,034 --> 00:32:33,620 and I didn't know... 557 00:32:35,586 --> 00:32:37,620 how I was going to evolve. 558 00:32:37,689 --> 00:32:42,000 But I knew that these women were going to be a piece of it. 559 00:32:57,827 --> 00:33:02,103 - I have been blacklisted for exercising the right of a mother 560 00:33:02,206 --> 00:33:04,724 to defend her children and all children 561 00:33:04,827 --> 00:33:07,862 against their being recruited by homosexuals. 562 00:33:07,965 --> 00:33:10,724 - Anita Bryant was coming to town. 563 00:33:10,827 --> 00:33:12,551 And we knew she was dangerous. 564 00:33:12,655 --> 00:33:14,103 We knew she was having an impact, 565 00:33:14,206 --> 00:33:15,896 especially in the United States. 566 00:33:16,034 --> 00:33:18,689 And there were many of us who really can't stand it 567 00:33:18,793 --> 00:33:20,172 when anybody in the United States 568 00:33:20,241 --> 00:33:22,758 has any kind of influence over our politics here. 569 00:33:22,862 --> 00:33:24,655 - She was going around the US 570 00:33:24,724 --> 00:33:27,655 campaigning against human rights for queers, 571 00:33:27,758 --> 00:33:30,931 in particular, human rights for queer teachers. 572 00:33:31,034 --> 00:33:33,965 - Would you welcome, please, Bob and Anita Bryant-Green. 573 00:33:34,068 --> 00:33:35,551 God bless you. 574 00:33:36,793 --> 00:33:39,034 - Anita Bryant was very dangerous. 575 00:33:39,172 --> 00:33:41,172 The first thing was her hair was very stiff. 576 00:33:41,241 --> 00:33:43,551 So if you bumped into her, you could get wounded. 577 00:33:43,689 --> 00:33:44,896 Do you know what I mean? 578 00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:48,689 There was so much hairspray that it was a helmet that she wore. 579 00:33:48,793 --> 00:33:51,862 But she was also dangerous because it wasn't her. 580 00:33:51,965 --> 00:33:54,896 It was really a huge right-wing factory. 581 00:33:55,034 --> 00:33:57,655 - The war goes on to save our children 582 00:33:57,724 --> 00:34:00,103 because the seed of sexual sickness 583 00:34:00,206 --> 00:34:02,275 that germinated in Dade County 584 00:34:02,379 --> 00:34:05,137 has already been transplanted by misguided liberals 585 00:34:05,275 --> 00:34:06,896 in the US Congress. 586 00:34:06,965 --> 00:34:11,655 - 700 lesbians, gay men and feminists 587 00:34:11,758 --> 00:34:15,103 went up on a very cold, cold, 588 00:34:15,206 --> 00:34:19,000 chilly, blistering-cold night 589 00:34:19,103 --> 00:34:21,965 and marched and protested against her speaking. 590 00:34:22,068 --> 00:34:23,896 - [Crowd chanting]: Hey, hey, ho, ho! 591 00:34:24,000 --> 00:34:24,896 Anita Bryant's gotta go! 592 00:34:25,000 --> 00:34:27,896 Hey, hey, ho, ho! Anita Bryant's gotta go! 593 00:34:28,000 --> 00:34:31,655 - The presence of Anita Bryant in Canada 594 00:34:31,758 --> 00:34:34,689 galvanized queer activists. 595 00:34:34,793 --> 00:34:36,137 There we were, 596 00:34:36,275 --> 00:34:41,103 furious with this right-wing backlash. 597 00:34:41,206 --> 00:34:45,862 And it also kind of connected us to, 598 00:34:45,965 --> 00:34:48,827 especially lesbian feminists like myself, 599 00:34:48,965 --> 00:34:50,034 to gay liberationists 600 00:34:50,137 --> 00:34:53,000 in a way that we hadn't been connected before. 601 00:34:53,103 --> 00:34:57,344 - [Crowd chanting]: Gay rights now! Gay rights now! 602 00:34:57,482 --> 00:35:02,137 Gay rights now! Gay rights now! 603 00:35:02,241 --> 00:35:04,241 [Repeating]: Gay rights now! 604 00:35:06,137 --> 00:35:08,724 - Even as we were having leaps of visibility 605 00:35:08,827 --> 00:35:11,551 and extraordinary gains in the public sphere, 606 00:35:11,689 --> 00:35:14,206 and as a community, were exerting ourselves 607 00:35:14,310 --> 00:35:16,724 and expressing our agency. 608 00:35:16,862 --> 00:35:19,137 And it wasn't just through the protests 609 00:35:19,206 --> 00:35:20,931 or through the pride parades, 610 00:35:21,034 --> 00:35:24,275 but it was through all the day-to-day changes 611 00:35:24,379 --> 00:35:25,724 that were occurring 612 00:35:25,827 --> 00:35:27,689 that was making queer visible, 613 00:35:27,827 --> 00:35:29,931 but equally making queer vulnerable 614 00:35:30,034 --> 00:35:33,172 to that sort of backlash or that sort of attack. 615 00:35:47,137 --> 00:35:51,344 - In 1976, Montreal hosted the Olympics. 616 00:35:53,310 --> 00:35:58,068 This was Mayor Jean Drapeau's major event for him. 617 00:35:58,206 --> 00:36:02,206 He made sure that the city was, quote unquote, cleaned up. 618 00:36:02,310 --> 00:36:04,068 So there were a lot of arrests. 619 00:36:04,137 --> 00:36:05,724 A lot of arrests of gay people, 620 00:36:05,793 --> 00:36:08,793 a lot of arrests of street workers, sex workers. 621 00:36:08,931 --> 00:36:12,034 And that continued into 1977. 622 00:36:13,965 --> 00:36:15,310 - We went to this place-- 623 00:36:15,448 --> 00:36:18,068 it was relatively new-- called Truxx. 624 00:36:18,172 --> 00:36:21,241 And it was on an upper floor. 625 00:36:21,344 --> 00:36:23,068 And it was kind of dark. 626 00:36:23,137 --> 00:36:27,103 And it was just people sitting around, 627 00:36:27,206 --> 00:36:28,931 talking and drinking beer. 628 00:36:29,034 --> 00:36:31,241 And I remember shortly before all hell broke loose, 629 00:36:31,344 --> 00:36:32,965 Warick saying: 630 00:36:33,068 --> 00:36:34,965 "This is really boring. Let's go somewhere else." 631 00:36:37,896 --> 00:36:41,517 - The police showed up suddenly. 632 00:36:46,275 --> 00:36:50,241 They were carrying long guns. 633 00:36:50,310 --> 00:36:55,206 They harassed us, hitting us on the legs. 634 00:36:59,620 --> 00:37:05,310 And then they loaded us into vans. 635 00:37:05,379 --> 00:37:07,517 - I remember sitting in this paddy wagon. 636 00:37:07,620 --> 00:37:09,000 There was a lot of distress, 637 00:37:09,103 --> 00:37:11,517 because there were people, for instance, married men. 638 00:37:11,620 --> 00:37:13,068 There were people who weren't out. 639 00:37:13,206 --> 00:37:15,862 There was one guy who had some kind of immigration problem 640 00:37:15,965 --> 00:37:17,172 that he was really worried about. 641 00:37:17,310 --> 00:37:18,482 There was a lot of anguish. 642 00:37:21,206 --> 00:37:26,482 - The police forced us into a physical inspection, 643 00:37:26,620 --> 00:37:31,448 including our sexual parts. 644 00:37:31,551 --> 00:37:35,103 - This was an operation among the 3 police forces. 645 00:37:35,172 --> 00:37:40,068 They treated it as if this was a major crime scene, 646 00:37:40,172 --> 00:37:42,344 which of course it never was. 647 00:37:43,379 --> 00:37:47,827 - [Laval]: In the meantime, gay rights activists 648 00:37:47,896 --> 00:37:51,862 were planning a protest for the next day. 649 00:37:54,620 --> 00:37:58,137 Over 2,000 people showed up. 650 00:37:59,413 --> 00:38:02,344 [Chanting, indistinct] 651 00:38:10,241 --> 00:38:12,241 - It was like being on the crest of a wave. 652 00:38:12,379 --> 00:38:14,379 It wasn't like we started the wave. 653 00:38:14,448 --> 00:38:17,517 The wave was there and carried us with it, 654 00:38:17,586 --> 00:38:20,379 and we were just there manifesting. 655 00:38:22,172 --> 00:38:25,620 We decided that, no more slinking away into the night. 656 00:38:27,344 --> 00:38:30,034 The defence would be one of identification. 657 00:38:30,137 --> 00:38:32,172 What happened would be 658 00:38:32,275 --> 00:38:36,448 that they would call a policeman to the stand, the prosecution. 659 00:38:36,586 --> 00:38:38,586 "Can you identify the accused?" 660 00:38:38,724 --> 00:38:41,275 Well, in those days, if I may say so, 661 00:38:41,413 --> 00:38:43,344 a lot of gay people, you know, 662 00:38:43,448 --> 00:38:46,379 were dressed and looked very much alike. 663 00:38:47,586 --> 00:38:49,413 And so how would the policeman 664 00:38:49,551 --> 00:38:51,379 remember that particular accused? 665 00:38:51,448 --> 00:38:53,517 Could not point them out in the courtroom. 666 00:38:53,586 --> 00:38:56,310 And the case collapsed. 667 00:38:56,413 --> 00:38:57,724 - In the meantime, 668 00:38:57,827 --> 00:39:01,137 me and my friends in the organization were asked to write a brief 669 00:39:01,275 --> 00:39:03,172 to the Minister of Justice. 670 00:39:03,310 --> 00:39:05,413 Well, above all, I asked them 671 00:39:05,482 --> 00:39:11,172 to include in the Charter of Freedoms for the Quebec population 672 00:39:11,310 --> 00:39:16,551 a clause stating that sexual orientation 673 00:39:16,655 --> 00:39:20,137 is not grounds for discrimination. 674 00:39:20,275 --> 00:39:22,931 - It was the first such amendment, 675 00:39:23,034 --> 00:39:26,517 first protection at the provincial level 676 00:39:26,655 --> 00:39:29,310 or state level in North America. 677 00:39:29,413 --> 00:39:34,655 And was a major, major, major milestone for gay civil rights. 678 00:39:34,758 --> 00:39:37,206 - Quebec has become the first province 679 00:39:37,310 --> 00:39:40,137 to make discrimination against homosexuals illegal. 680 00:39:40,241 --> 00:39:43,586 Saskatchewan and Ontario are considering a similar law. 681 00:39:52,586 --> 00:39:55,137 - Human rights have to be codified. 682 00:39:55,241 --> 00:39:59,344 They have to be made as broad, as wide, as widely understood, 683 00:39:59,482 --> 00:40:02,379 as widely protected as possible 684 00:40:02,482 --> 00:40:05,241 for everyone in our Canadian society 685 00:40:05,344 --> 00:40:08,448 and, in this case, for one of our more beleaguered minorities, 686 00:40:08,517 --> 00:40:11,275 for the gay and lesbian people of Canada. 687 00:40:15,275 --> 00:40:17,344 - The gains of the community 688 00:40:17,448 --> 00:40:21,275 were being noticed by our community's enemies. 689 00:40:21,379 --> 00:40:25,137 And our community's enemies, they were galvanized, 690 00:40:25,241 --> 00:40:28,413 and they fought back against our progress. 691 00:40:41,586 --> 00:40:44,379 - There were a lot of debates within the Body Politic. 692 00:40:44,482 --> 00:40:46,482 And one of them was the idea 693 00:40:46,586 --> 00:40:49,103 that gay men's sexuality shouldn't be policed. 694 00:40:50,206 --> 00:40:51,413 And at the same time, 695 00:40:51,517 --> 00:40:56,551 I was very clear that I did not want to fall into the trap 696 00:40:56,655 --> 00:41:00,137 of, uh, supporting a moralistic view 697 00:41:00,241 --> 00:41:03,379 around sexuality and representation. 698 00:41:05,310 --> 00:41:08,482 - [Ed]: Gerald Hannon was my best friend. 699 00:41:08,586 --> 00:41:11,448 Gerald, I think, became one of the most important activists 700 00:41:11,517 --> 00:41:12,758 in the country. 701 00:41:12,862 --> 00:41:16,137 And one of the reasons is that he was such a good writer. 702 00:41:21,206 --> 00:41:23,724 Gerald Hannon had written a number of articles 703 00:41:23,827 --> 00:41:24,827 about youth sexuality. 704 00:41:24,896 --> 00:41:27,344 The law had been partially changed 705 00:41:27,448 --> 00:41:31,724 to allow sex between men in private at 21. 706 00:41:31,827 --> 00:41:33,413 So that's quite old. 707 00:41:33,551 --> 00:41:36,620 But, I mean, for heterosexuals, it was something like 16. 708 00:41:36,724 --> 00:41:38,068 It was about, 709 00:41:38,172 --> 00:41:41,379 when do young people have a right to sexuality? 710 00:41:41,482 --> 00:41:43,448 When can they choose to be sexual? 711 00:41:45,586 --> 00:41:48,413 We were about to publish another article in the series 712 00:41:48,551 --> 00:41:51,344 when the Emanuel Jaques murder happened. 713 00:41:52,379 --> 00:41:55,034 - Emanuel, the shoeshine boy. 714 00:41:55,137 --> 00:41:59,137 He was about a 12-year-old boy and his brother. 715 00:41:59,206 --> 00:42:01,103 Everybody got to know of them. 716 00:42:01,241 --> 00:42:02,620 Like, they just loved them. 717 00:42:02,758 --> 00:42:05,310 Even if their shoes were clean, 718 00:42:05,413 --> 00:42:07,620 give the kid a few bucks and that. 719 00:42:07,758 --> 00:42:12,137 - The media decided to sort of conflate this 720 00:42:12,275 --> 00:42:14,137 as being a gay crime. 721 00:42:14,275 --> 00:42:16,137 - [Chanting]: Clean up Yonge Street! 722 00:42:16,241 --> 00:42:20,448 Clean up Yonge Street! Clean up Yonge Street! 723 00:42:20,551 --> 00:42:24,586 - That lit the bomb everywhere, with the police and everything. 724 00:42:24,689 --> 00:42:29,275 Because then, we were all murderers and pedophiles. 725 00:42:36,586 --> 00:42:39,448 - Any premeditated murders should be 726 00:42:39,551 --> 00:42:41,551 pained with the same pain! 727 00:42:41,620 --> 00:42:43,758 [Crowd cheering] 728 00:42:49,344 --> 00:42:53,241 The decision to publish the article Men Loving Boys Loving Men 729 00:42:53,344 --> 00:42:54,655 was not taken lightly, 730 00:42:54,758 --> 00:42:56,482 and we all had differing opinions. 731 00:42:56,620 --> 00:42:59,517 I was not certain that this was the right time to do it. 732 00:43:02,000 --> 00:43:03,724 - There's no time is right. 733 00:43:03,827 --> 00:43:05,758 And in an introduction, we said that. 734 00:43:05,827 --> 00:43:07,793 And we published the article. 735 00:43:07,896 --> 00:43:11,310 - We had different ideas about what sexual liberation was. 736 00:43:11,413 --> 00:43:16,482 And I understood, in particular regarding the article Men Loving Boys Loving Men, 737 00:43:16,551 --> 00:43:20,551 that Gerald Hannon was interested in pushing boundaries. 738 00:43:20,655 --> 00:43:23,896 - All these debates were very personal and very intense. 739 00:43:24,000 --> 00:43:28,344 And people came from very different histories. 740 00:43:28,448 --> 00:43:32,379 Like, a white gay male notion of liberation 741 00:43:32,482 --> 00:43:35,827 had a very different inflection than a feminist. 742 00:43:35,965 --> 00:43:37,517 We had different histories. 743 00:43:37,620 --> 00:43:40,689 - It was controversial, but we felt it needed to be addressed. 744 00:43:40,793 --> 00:43:43,655 It led to the Toronto Sun in particular, Claire Hoy, 745 00:43:43,758 --> 00:43:47,379 going on and on about, you know, how horrible homosexuals were, 746 00:43:47,482 --> 00:43:48,586 molesting children, 747 00:43:48,689 --> 00:43:51,620 and calling for some kind of reaction from the police. 748 00:43:51,724 --> 00:43:54,379 - And it's not the sort of thing 749 00:43:54,482 --> 00:43:56,655 that I want the homosexual groups 750 00:43:56,793 --> 00:43:58,551 to get into the schools, 751 00:43:58,655 --> 00:44:01,448 which is really the main area where they want to get in, 752 00:44:01,586 --> 00:44:03,448 and they'll tell you this themselves, 753 00:44:03,586 --> 00:44:06,344 and preach their gospel of homosexuality 754 00:44:06,448 --> 00:44:07,655 to impressionable kids. 755 00:44:07,724 --> 00:44:09,379 I don't want that to happen. 756 00:44:09,448 --> 00:44:12,482 - We had never ever in a million years 757 00:44:12,586 --> 00:44:16,448 thought there would be, you know, the police coming in 758 00:44:16,586 --> 00:44:20,448 and raiding the office, and then laying charges. 759 00:44:20,551 --> 00:44:22,517 [Sirens wailing in distance] 760 00:44:22,586 --> 00:44:26,586 That was a very traumatic night. 761 00:44:26,724 --> 00:44:28,517 It was late. 762 00:44:28,586 --> 00:44:29,758 They just walked in the door. 763 00:44:29,862 --> 00:44:32,241 They showed us the search warrants. 764 00:44:32,344 --> 00:44:34,827 They took the subscription lists. 765 00:44:34,896 --> 00:44:36,551 But that's what scared us, 766 00:44:36,620 --> 00:44:38,310 was that they now had a list, 767 00:44:38,448 --> 00:44:42,551 you know, addresses of a whole bunch of queer people across the country. 768 00:44:48,862 --> 00:44:50,689 We were in an old warehouse, 769 00:44:50,793 --> 00:44:54,275 so it was like an old industrial elevator 770 00:44:54,379 --> 00:44:56,517 that kind of slowly descended. 771 00:44:57,551 --> 00:45:02,896 And that was my image of these boxes slowly descending. 772 00:45:07,586 --> 00:45:11,517 But that night was a pretty seismic moment for me 773 00:45:11,620 --> 00:45:14,482 in terms of my sense of police and what they could do. 774 00:45:14,586 --> 00:45:17,034 - It seemed obvious that the goal 775 00:45:17,137 --> 00:45:19,379 was to put it out of business 776 00:45:19,482 --> 00:45:22,586 and therefore achieve a suppression 777 00:45:22,655 --> 00:45:24,344 of the exchange of ideas 778 00:45:24,482 --> 00:45:27,689 within the gay and lesbian movement. 779 00:45:27,793 --> 00:45:30,586 So ultimately, it would be instrumental 780 00:45:30,689 --> 00:45:33,034 in destroying the gay movement. 781 00:45:38,034 --> 00:45:41,517 - [Ed]: We were charged with the use of the mails 782 00:45:41,620 --> 00:45:45,310 to transmit immoral, indecent and scurrilous literature. 783 00:45:45,413 --> 00:45:46,965 We were acquitted the first time. 784 00:45:47,103 --> 00:45:49,000 It went to an appeal court, 785 00:45:49,103 --> 00:45:52,000 and we were acquitted the second time. 786 00:45:54,068 --> 00:45:56,241 This was a censorship trial. 787 00:45:56,310 --> 00:45:59,793 We won, and I think the message to the state 788 00:45:59,896 --> 00:46:01,724 was that we would not be censored 789 00:46:01,827 --> 00:46:04,517 and that freedom of the press was important. 790 00:46:21,172 --> 00:46:23,034 [Siren wailing in distance] 791 00:46:29,724 --> 00:46:33,793 - Operation Soap began in August 1980 792 00:46:33,862 --> 00:46:36,724 by sending 3 undercover agents 793 00:46:36,862 --> 00:46:40,551 into the various bathhouses across the city. 794 00:46:44,758 --> 00:46:47,724 The police were already going into the bathhouses before then. 795 00:46:47,827 --> 00:46:52,896 They raided the Barracks bathhouse in December 1978. 796 00:46:53,000 --> 00:46:54,965 - It was an ordinary night. 797 00:46:55,068 --> 00:46:56,758 All of a sudden, 798 00:46:56,862 --> 00:47:00,758 this kind of crowd that were a little boisterous came in. 799 00:47:00,896 --> 00:47:02,758 And as soon as I buzzed the door, 800 00:47:02,862 --> 00:47:06,862 all of a sudden, there's a whole burst of them going through 801 00:47:06,931 --> 00:47:09,448 when they hadn't actually been signed in. 802 00:47:09,586 --> 00:47:12,000 [Men shouting, indistinct] 803 00:47:14,034 --> 00:47:17,448 - Operation Soap really was a perfect storm 804 00:47:17,586 --> 00:47:19,758 that hit in the early 1980s. 805 00:47:19,862 --> 00:47:22,586 They had four bathhouses in their targets: 806 00:47:22,689 --> 00:47:25,758 the Richmond Street Health Emporium, the Barracks, 807 00:47:25,827 --> 00:47:30,103 the Club Baths and the Romans Health Spa. 808 00:47:31,827 --> 00:47:34,482 Any act that would take place in private 809 00:47:34,620 --> 00:47:36,827 would be covered under the 1969 reform, 810 00:47:36,931 --> 00:47:39,724 and so the men couldn't be charged. 811 00:47:39,793 --> 00:47:41,620 So, the bedrooms of the nation. 812 00:47:41,724 --> 00:47:43,655 Public is defined as any place 813 00:47:43,758 --> 00:47:46,965 where more than two people are present or taking part. 814 00:47:47,103 --> 00:47:48,724 So the bath houses, 815 00:47:48,827 --> 00:47:51,862 because there were lots of people around, 816 00:47:51,931 --> 00:47:53,034 and in some cases, 817 00:47:53,103 --> 00:47:55,793 men were having sex with more than just one person, 818 00:47:55,931 --> 00:47:57,931 these places were considered public. 819 00:47:58,034 --> 00:48:00,241 [Banging on door] 820 00:48:04,344 --> 00:48:07,000 - The door came off its hinges 821 00:48:07,137 --> 00:48:10,862 and flew onto the bed where I was sleeping. 822 00:48:11,965 --> 00:48:16,862 With a policeman screaming at me to get up and get out. 823 00:48:18,965 --> 00:48:23,379 - I remember the police insulting us, calling us "faggots." 824 00:48:23,482 --> 00:48:26,931 And I thought to myself: "I'm not doing anything wrong." 825 00:48:27,034 --> 00:48:31,034 - Whatever officer, he put his head in and he yelled out: 826 00:48:31,137 --> 00:48:35,172 "You're lucky there's no gas in the showers." 827 00:48:37,655 --> 00:48:40,965 - They called this investigation Operation Soap 828 00:48:41,068 --> 00:48:43,896 because they wanted to clean up the city. 829 00:48:44,034 --> 00:48:48,000 It was really meant to morally judge the queers 830 00:48:48,103 --> 00:48:51,241 and to condemn that sex as being dirty 831 00:48:51,379 --> 00:48:52,896 and somehow a threat. 832 00:48:53,000 --> 00:48:58,068 - You know, I was one of 36 men who were actually found guilty 833 00:48:58,172 --> 00:49:00,931 out of 288 who were charged. 834 00:49:02,000 --> 00:49:05,724 - As a result of that night, two men took their own lives. 835 00:49:08,931 --> 00:49:12,827 - This was one of the largest mass arrests in Canadian history. 836 00:49:12,931 --> 00:49:16,172 We see this sort of trajectory that our community was on 837 00:49:16,275 --> 00:49:17,896 toward human rights, 838 00:49:17,965 --> 00:49:20,551 but also toward sexual liberation 839 00:49:20,655 --> 00:49:23,862 and this reaction, this violent reaction 840 00:49:23,965 --> 00:49:28,034 that comes from, you know, the moral reformers in the city, 841 00:49:28,103 --> 00:49:30,793 but also from the Toronto police, 842 00:49:30,896 --> 00:49:34,310 to try to, you know, push us back into the closet. 843 00:49:34,448 --> 00:49:36,275 - [Chanting]: Gay rights now! 844 00:49:39,344 --> 00:49:42,724 - The next night, thousands poured into the streets. 845 00:49:42,793 --> 00:49:46,068 That was a real experience for people in a demonstration. 846 00:49:46,137 --> 00:49:47,931 It had never been like that before. 847 00:49:48,068 --> 00:49:50,862 - [Chanting]: Gays fight back! Gays fight back! 848 00:49:50,965 --> 00:49:54,068 - As we walked up towards Yonge and Wellesley, 849 00:49:54,172 --> 00:49:59,103 you could see more and more queers and lesbians and drag... 850 00:50:00,000 --> 00:50:01,758 coming out. 851 00:50:01,827 --> 00:50:05,793 And by the time we got to Yonge and Wellesley, it felt enormous. 852 00:50:05,896 --> 00:50:07,793 - [Crowd chanting]: Gays fight back! 853 00:50:07,931 --> 00:50:10,689 Gays fight back! Gays fight back! 854 00:50:12,275 --> 00:50:15,793 - We expected 300 people. I think we got 3,000. 855 00:50:15,931 --> 00:50:17,689 That gives you the courage to carry on. 856 00:50:17,793 --> 00:50:20,034 There are people behind you. You're not alone. 857 00:50:20,137 --> 00:50:22,068 All of these things are really important 858 00:50:22,137 --> 00:50:24,137 in terms of the development of the movement. 859 00:50:24,275 --> 00:50:27,965 - Chris got up, and she starts with: 860 00:50:28,068 --> 00:50:30,241 "No more shit. No more shit." 861 00:50:30,310 --> 00:50:33,931 - [Crowd chanting]: No more shit! No more shit! 862 00:50:34,034 --> 00:50:35,620 No more shit! 863 00:50:35,724 --> 00:50:38,137 - We're overflowing out onto Yonge Street 864 00:50:38,241 --> 00:50:42,034 in the opposite direction to where we'd intended to go, 865 00:50:42,137 --> 00:50:43,931 to head down toward 52 Division, 866 00:50:44,000 --> 00:50:47,137 where so many of them had been processed the night before. 867 00:50:47,275 --> 00:50:49,241 [Chanting, indistinct] 868 00:50:50,344 --> 00:50:51,827 - So the major slogan 869 00:50:51,931 --> 00:50:55,103 that had spontaneously emerged in the crowd was: 870 00:50:55,241 --> 00:50:56,103 "Fuck you, 52." 871 00:50:56,241 --> 00:50:58,793 - [Chanting]: Fuck you, 52! Fuck you, 52! 872 00:50:58,931 --> 00:51:01,275 - They were responsible for the raids. 873 00:51:01,379 --> 00:51:02,689 And so, "Fuck You, 52," 874 00:51:02,793 --> 00:51:05,000 became a real focus for the anger, 875 00:51:05,137 --> 00:51:08,344 because that's where this thing had started. 876 00:51:08,448 --> 00:51:12,862 - No more shit! No more shit! No more shit! 877 00:51:14,241 --> 00:51:18,172 - Don't be afraid of violence and anger! 878 00:51:18,275 --> 00:51:21,379 Protect yourself and keep fighting! 879 00:51:23,103 --> 00:51:26,689 It felt frightening to be in the protest. 880 00:51:26,827 --> 00:51:29,379 You didn't know what kind of level of violence 881 00:51:29,517 --> 00:51:30,689 was going to take place. 882 00:51:30,793 --> 00:51:34,034 Everyone who chose to be on that street at that time 883 00:51:34,137 --> 00:51:38,689 had to kind of dig into a level of courage. 884 00:51:39,793 --> 00:51:42,034 - You'd think that something 885 00:51:42,137 --> 00:51:45,896 that had required so much police person power... 886 00:51:48,344 --> 00:51:51,103 would have to have some sort of political support 887 00:51:51,206 --> 00:51:53,000 from farther up. 888 00:51:55,551 --> 00:51:58,931 And then, almost as spontaneously, 889 00:51:59,000 --> 00:52:01,551 people said: "Queen's Park." 890 00:52:10,827 --> 00:52:13,344 [People talking, shouting] 891 00:52:22,137 --> 00:52:25,068 There were a series of other demonstrations that took place 892 00:52:25,172 --> 00:52:28,482 over that winter and spring right into June. 893 00:52:34,103 --> 00:52:36,724 One of the most important moments was when Lemona Johnson, 894 00:52:36,827 --> 00:52:38,448 who was the widow of Albert Johnson, 895 00:52:38,551 --> 00:52:41,344 who had been gunned down by the police 896 00:52:41,448 --> 00:52:44,758 in his own home in front of his kids, 897 00:52:44,896 --> 00:52:46,275 I think a year before, 898 00:52:46,379 --> 00:52:48,068 she actually spoke. 899 00:52:48,172 --> 00:52:50,241 A Jamaican immigrant talking about 900 00:52:50,344 --> 00:52:52,931 what was happening to the Black community. 901 00:52:53,034 --> 00:52:57,344 - Raids and arrests of members of this Toronto gay community 902 00:52:57,413 --> 00:53:02,758 is a further indication that the police force of this city 903 00:53:02,827 --> 00:53:07,137 is lacking in discipline and proper supervision. 904 00:53:07,241 --> 00:53:10,000 [Crowd cheering] 905 00:53:12,931 --> 00:53:15,310 The police force in this city 906 00:53:15,448 --> 00:53:20,172 is being used as a political tool by politicians. 907 00:53:28,965 --> 00:53:30,517 - The outcome of this 908 00:53:30,620 --> 00:53:32,344 extraordinary grassroots response 909 00:53:32,448 --> 00:53:34,000 was 80% acquittals, 910 00:53:34,103 --> 00:53:37,482 unprecedented in terms of activism and fighting back. 911 00:53:39,931 --> 00:53:42,000 This truly was our Stonewall. 912 00:53:46,275 --> 00:53:48,103 We were particularly shaped 913 00:53:48,206 --> 00:53:51,206 by the police attacks on our community, 914 00:53:51,310 --> 00:53:54,172 not uniquely, but profoundly. 915 00:53:54,310 --> 00:53:57,310 And that opened up doors to solidarity 916 00:53:57,413 --> 00:54:00,379 and working together with Black community, 917 00:54:00,482 --> 00:54:03,586 with other communities who suffered at the hands of police. 918 00:54:03,689 --> 00:54:06,068 This was truly a game changer. 919 00:54:13,413 --> 00:54:15,896 - I came out in the early '80s, 920 00:54:16,000 --> 00:54:18,137 at a time when the Black community 921 00:54:18,206 --> 00:54:22,034 was really organizing around police violence. 922 00:54:23,206 --> 00:54:24,344 As young activists, 923 00:54:24,448 --> 00:54:27,413 we had a vision for the kind of world we wanted to live in 924 00:54:27,551 --> 00:54:30,344 and really took it seriously that it was our responsibility 925 00:54:30,448 --> 00:54:32,517 to create that world. 926 00:54:32,586 --> 00:54:36,068 And so, we wanted a world that was free of homophobia. 927 00:54:36,172 --> 00:54:39,896 We wanted a world where Black queer people will be seen 928 00:54:40,034 --> 00:54:42,206 and recognized within Black struggle. 929 00:54:42,344 --> 00:54:44,620 And we also wanted a world where, 930 00:54:44,724 --> 00:54:47,034 within the larger queer community, 931 00:54:47,172 --> 00:54:50,241 issues of race and racism will be addressed. 932 00:54:50,344 --> 00:54:51,379 As we did this work, 933 00:54:51,517 --> 00:54:54,068 more and more, we were hearing from young Black people 934 00:54:54,172 --> 00:54:55,965 that they didn't have any place to go, 935 00:54:56,068 --> 00:54:59,034 that they didn't know where to show up. 936 00:54:59,137 --> 00:55:02,965 - Dewson House was very much about the energy 937 00:55:03,068 --> 00:55:05,620 of the women who lived in that house, 938 00:55:05,758 --> 00:55:08,206 the women who owned the house. 939 00:55:08,275 --> 00:55:11,344 So there was Makeda, and then her partner Stephanie. 940 00:55:11,448 --> 00:55:15,310 - Dewson House, I think for many of us, was ground zero. 941 00:55:15,448 --> 00:55:19,000 It is where not only we developed our politics 942 00:55:19,103 --> 00:55:20,275 around being queer, 943 00:55:20,379 --> 00:55:22,931 it was a place where people came to party. 944 00:55:23,068 --> 00:55:24,689 It's the place where Black lesbians 945 00:55:24,793 --> 00:55:26,137 who lived in Scarborough, 946 00:55:26,241 --> 00:55:28,448 who were closeted from Monday to Friday in their jobs 947 00:55:28,551 --> 00:55:29,965 and then their families 948 00:55:30,103 --> 00:55:31,275 on a Friday or Saturday night 949 00:55:31,379 --> 00:55:32,862 can come downtown to Dewson House 950 00:55:32,931 --> 00:55:34,482 and know that they would be welcome. 951 00:55:35,758 --> 00:55:37,586 - You know, it was in the front room 952 00:55:37,655 --> 00:55:39,310 that I first heard Nina Simone, right? 953 00:55:39,448 --> 00:55:43,965 It was in that space where I first danced with another man. 954 00:55:44,068 --> 00:55:46,517 You know, it was in that space 955 00:55:46,620 --> 00:55:49,448 that Blackness and queerness 956 00:55:49,551 --> 00:55:53,068 and Caribbean-ness was normalized. 957 00:55:56,758 --> 00:55:59,448 - I put an ad in the Body Politic 958 00:55:59,551 --> 00:56:02,551 for people who were interested in starting a group. 959 00:56:03,586 --> 00:56:07,172 And that was the beginning, for me, of Gay Asians Toronto. 960 00:56:09,724 --> 00:56:13,137 - It was the first organization that was, 961 00:56:13,241 --> 00:56:18,137 you know, specifically looking at people who were not white. 962 00:56:19,344 --> 00:56:21,620 You know: "If you're white, you're all right. 963 00:56:21,724 --> 00:56:23,482 If you're brown, turn around." 964 00:56:25,517 --> 00:56:30,241 There just was no space for people of colour. 965 00:56:30,344 --> 00:56:33,758 At least that was my experience of it. 966 00:56:35,379 --> 00:56:38,620 - In the summer of '82, they were actually trying to look for 967 00:56:38,724 --> 00:56:41,000 someone from Gay Asians Toronto 968 00:56:41,137 --> 00:56:43,689 to be a speaker at the Pride parade. 969 00:56:47,517 --> 00:56:50,551 - [Richard]: And the parade went through Chinatown. 970 00:56:50,689 --> 00:56:53,344 And of course, as Gay Asians Toronto, 971 00:56:53,448 --> 00:56:56,206 we recruited in Chinatown. 972 00:56:56,344 --> 00:56:58,655 We put up posters in Chinatown. 973 00:56:58,758 --> 00:57:03,068 - That was really very affirming for me, 974 00:57:03,172 --> 00:57:04,793 to be marching in a parade 975 00:57:04,896 --> 00:57:09,586 where people all around you were cheering you, you know. 976 00:57:09,689 --> 00:57:12,413 And so like: "Hello, here I am!" 977 00:57:16,379 --> 00:57:20,517 - For most of them who hasn't really come out, like myself, 978 00:57:20,620 --> 00:57:23,275 it was really a groundbreaking thing. 979 00:57:23,379 --> 00:57:26,068 And I think that was actually the first time 980 00:57:26,206 --> 00:57:30,068 that I feel really proud of my own community. 981 00:57:30,172 --> 00:57:34,724 To have that courage to break through those barriers. 982 00:57:36,689 --> 00:57:39,551 ♪ ♪ 983 00:57:56,344 --> 00:58:00,172 - [Tim]: The '70s and early '80s were a time of enormous growth 984 00:58:00,241 --> 00:58:02,758 and organization in queer communities. 985 00:58:02,827 --> 00:58:07,310 And then out of left field, people started getting sick. 986 00:58:09,827 --> 00:58:12,310 Strange cancers were occurring 987 00:58:12,448 --> 00:58:15,482 in otherwise healthy young gay men. 988 00:58:17,931 --> 00:58:20,172 - I was brought in to do support services, 989 00:58:20,275 --> 00:58:22,034 which was basically helping 990 00:58:22,137 --> 00:58:24,413 really young, scared gay men die. 991 00:58:24,482 --> 00:58:26,172 That was basically the job. 992 00:58:32,379 --> 00:58:33,517 I had no idea. 993 00:58:33,620 --> 00:58:36,586 I thought for sure if they could send a man to the moon, 994 00:58:36,689 --> 00:58:39,482 they would have AIDS done by September. 995 00:58:39,586 --> 00:58:43,310 I spent my next 30 years working in HIV and AIDS. 996 00:58:45,448 --> 00:58:47,379 - Some people thought it was poppers, right? 997 00:58:47,482 --> 00:58:48,517 Or they didn't like poppers. 998 00:58:48,655 --> 00:58:49,827 Other people said it was, like, 999 00:58:49,965 --> 00:58:51,655 too much sex, drugs and rock and roll, 1000 00:58:51,758 --> 00:58:53,275 just too much sex in general. 1001 00:58:53,344 --> 00:58:56,241 Right? Christian fundamentalists said it was God's retaliation, 1002 00:58:56,310 --> 00:58:59,586 God's punishment for sinfulness, right? 1003 00:58:59,689 --> 00:59:02,655 - The reaction to the pandemic, the AIDS pandemic, 1004 00:59:02,758 --> 00:59:06,620 by the straight world was shocking in that context. 1005 00:59:06,724 --> 00:59:09,344 The fact that they didn't care, 1006 00:59:09,413 --> 00:59:13,448 even openly on some areas of the religious right, 1007 00:59:13,551 --> 00:59:16,206 and others almost celebrated it. 1008 00:59:16,310 --> 00:59:19,206 - We were dealing with end stage of AIDS 1009 00:59:19,344 --> 00:59:21,344 of our friends, our lovers, 1010 00:59:21,448 --> 00:59:24,551 whether they were Indigenous or non-Indigenous. 1011 00:59:24,655 --> 00:59:29,379 So it was that stigma, that fear of AIDS, 1012 00:59:29,482 --> 00:59:32,551 the isolation and the segregation. 1013 00:59:32,655 --> 00:59:34,724 And we were going to palliative care wards. 1014 00:59:34,827 --> 00:59:37,551 You know, we were arranging funerals 1015 00:59:37,689 --> 00:59:39,448 or cremations for our friends 1016 00:59:39,551 --> 00:59:43,965 without any support from our families or their families. 1017 00:59:44,068 --> 00:59:47,344 - It was that toxic combination 1018 00:59:47,448 --> 00:59:53,413 of political negligence and criminal indifference. 1019 00:59:53,551 --> 00:59:55,896 - Finally, I bid you pray for the dying... 1020 00:59:56,965 --> 00:59:59,758 for those who have to die alone... 1021 01:00:02,931 --> 01:00:05,413 for those who are afraid to die... 1022 01:00:06,758 --> 01:00:08,862 and for those who cannot wait to die. 1023 01:00:08,965 --> 01:00:10,655 - I mean, that was a real wake-up 1024 01:00:10,758 --> 01:00:13,551 for those of us who had already been infected at that point, 1025 01:00:13,689 --> 01:00:15,344 but also in the gay community, 1026 01:00:15,448 --> 01:00:17,517 that they were willing to just sit around 1027 01:00:17,620 --> 01:00:19,344 and wait for us to die off, 1028 01:00:19,413 --> 01:00:23,448 and then straight people and the world would be safe. 1029 01:00:23,551 --> 01:00:25,344 - The food was left outside my door. 1030 01:00:25,448 --> 01:00:28,241 I had to get out of my bed to get the food. 1031 01:00:28,379 --> 01:00:29,689 Almost nobody came in, 1032 01:00:29,793 --> 01:00:33,655 and if they came in, they were in masks and gowns and gloves 1033 01:00:33,758 --> 01:00:38,241 and spent as little time as they could in the room. 1034 01:00:42,379 --> 01:00:46,551 The nurses, the orderlies, the doctors, 1035 01:00:46,655 --> 01:00:50,379 all of them treated me like I was a leper 1036 01:00:50,482 --> 01:00:52,551 back in the biblical times. 1037 01:00:57,482 --> 01:01:00,344 - I remember the first time sitting there getting a call 1038 01:01:00,448 --> 01:01:01,448 from somebody who says: 1039 01:01:01,551 --> 01:01:02,724 "I can't bury my lover. 1040 01:01:02,793 --> 01:01:04,965 No funeral home will take his body." 1041 01:01:08,862 --> 01:01:10,413 - And so we said: 1042 01:01:10,482 --> 01:01:13,758 "We need an organization that takes on those issues." 1043 01:01:13,862 --> 01:01:15,655 And we could speak truth to power. 1044 01:01:15,758 --> 01:01:17,413 We could say what needed to be said. 1045 01:01:17,517 --> 01:01:19,620 - [Man]: What do we want? - [Crowd]: AIDS action! 1046 01:01:19,758 --> 01:01:20,758 - When do we want it? - Now! 1047 01:01:20,862 --> 01:01:22,482 - What do we want? - AIDS action! 1048 01:01:2S(+EAcI"ol/> <%#4*޶iY]Mg*C]s<^M[qL#?X4`L#{P%J^y􀡀c S-6!<ӟhi+uz[_*K(#}olTBa?%6<:o~#P\YVѺo"uAjN{{(nT`ۧ֝ YAVGHVN+SQ|!?6n}_o5,~Ih`3"/a*M6YȔ*E+5O֥Vw Zy$DnD dg; 'Z*qy64j*pw\rߦup C VpR<&*t*Ė)W(|4u~Ur,CE (_j2L7nvT0aׁKSxNǹn ; ɺ7r[͞Љ^FGk]RRv냷{ZP* ȁqûy p .:m$ƇMŶ]8DePyt^/ n5)Wc )ArP8>D僾eS[;qQ`Yosf1n {ǃ>c$E`9jO?*7A 㵵'fR`6s@{U싡q=7~4Z)y /y*$܄kAV"C6-{2h{VKY^cβ&}$D 7&H XqQ%[@YEE:;!~Ķxv"=TG6b¹a%B%m׿o疝Foe kKIc>KfDMW_n~ۡ26\]6.Q`*1v9؝ czW K0O/oG[jv%I=qiǬ!jPiN^/H =]c'?mMի`yhfT bF+1U{10Bk'Nw{ϳa޼,HJK?;eYn'΂srRw5j6MHqr@4Dx  p@U(yP ~>'c&zAE3̛Ղ9Ԩp[d%fk*ʹuwL05j ri$LgY!O$}&^&U*jR`_3-3~:!6AT1ènU0`hK6صEU6ǜQsRic, hU1'nx7$?܌̑!^Q׸P4g5jArPyRtݽ7Y4HA VʽX*MG~UɆJ2$&=R1lcm&A@t`$ž IAo|J0q" 6A[~v1vJ|!MVDh%Յ͉z02=%iތH̸vp8ʢ>Ƞ *k3!`m ktɐošOv-G]Hð{ h )`Z`*V(͢bɁwm?B(yhBww%ùlQ/? iiB@ӹn?N~fMwF͈Oy+cUSA|^+ٟЅݪb7`W qb;LDG߉4[\ވKr-= #m>fe^oʏ(aM]օA0'L^%קU(*vnmzca5gv-H>h܂'!sNk 3؎j4SOg+%4_! 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