1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:42,640 --> 00:00:46,120 The engine that drives ocean health are reefs. 4 00:00:51,400 --> 00:00:54,560 Their impact for other parts of the ocean is vast. 5 00:01:01,440 --> 00:01:04,880 So anyone who's affected by ocean health 6 00:01:05,000 --> 00:01:07,360 arguably could be affected by coral reefs. 7 00:01:20,680 --> 00:01:23,600 The majority of countries in the world have coral reefs. 8 00:01:27,640 --> 00:01:31,280 So if you're losing a quarter of all marine life, 9 00:01:31,400 --> 00:01:32,920 it's a ridiculous experiment 10 00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:36,000 to just roll the dice and see what happens. 11 00:01:36,120 --> 00:01:38,080 It's madness, utter madness. 12 00:02:06,640 --> 00:02:08,320 13 00:04:55,920 --> 00:04:58,360 The first time I saw coral, 14 00:04:59,680 --> 00:05:02,600 when you're in the water and you see these big, towering structures 15 00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:05,800 and these big, sheer reef walls, big crevices, 16 00:05:05,920 --> 00:05:07,160 it's all built by coral. 17 00:05:08,360 --> 00:05:10,400 When you actually see something in the distance, 18 00:05:10,520 --> 00:05:12,880 which is like a city coming out of the ocean, 19 00:05:14,440 --> 00:05:16,480 I get quite emotional thinking about it now 20 00:05:16,600 --> 00:05:19,880 because you think, "Wow!" It's, like, a miracle of life. 21 00:05:21,920 --> 00:05:24,760 I am David Smith, Professor of Marine Biology. 22 00:05:24,880 --> 00:05:27,560 I'm the Senior Director of Sustainable Solutions at Mars, 23 00:05:27,680 --> 00:05:29,280 and I'm Chief Marine Scientist. 24 00:05:32,760 --> 00:05:36,160 There's been other ecosystems that have been really threatened, 25 00:05:36,280 --> 00:05:39,200 but I don't think there is a system 26 00:05:39,320 --> 00:05:42,120 which is quite so close to the edge. 27 00:05:53,600 --> 00:05:55,840 28 00:07:03,040 --> 00:07:04,760 If you look in the fossil record, 29 00:07:04,880 --> 00:07:06,240 there's been a number of times 30 00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:08,880 that reefs have been on the edge of extinction, 31 00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:11,640 all related to big changes in climate. 32 00:07:13,320 --> 00:07:16,080 But there's never been a time where you've got a billion people 33 00:07:16,200 --> 00:07:18,840 who are directly or indirectly dependent on reefs 34 00:07:18,960 --> 00:07:20,680 for food or economic security. 35 00:07:23,720 --> 00:07:26,200 You would argue that the consequences of reef loss today 36 00:07:26,320 --> 00:07:28,240 are much greater than they were in the past, 37 00:07:28,360 --> 00:07:30,960 and everything that we've learned suggests that 38 00:07:31,560 --> 00:07:33,200 the system could collapse. 39 00:07:33,320 --> 00:07:34,680 And if it collapses, 40 00:07:34,800 --> 00:07:36,920 we're in deep, deep, deep trouble. 41 00:07:37,040 --> 00:07:38,240 Humanity is in trouble. 42 00:07:44,600 --> 00:07:47,920 The restoration of Bontosua is by the island of Bontosua. 43 00:07:48,040 --> 00:07:51,360 It's not just us coming in and solving the world's problems 44 00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:53,680 and charging out to solve the next problem. 45 00:07:54,520 --> 00:07:57,560 We're facilitating that rebuilding of their reef. 46 00:07:57,680 --> 00:07:58,760 It's not our reef. 47 00:08:02,200 --> 00:08:05,080 48 00:08:26,320 --> 00:08:28,600 49 00:08:41,320 --> 00:08:44,360 This project's been going on for, like, 15 years, 50 00:08:44,480 --> 00:08:46,720 and I don't know if purposely kept under wraps 51 00:08:46,840 --> 00:08:50,320 or that wasn't a priority, but certainly 52 00:08:50,440 --> 00:08:52,880 very little information, if any, had come out. 53 00:08:55,600 --> 00:08:57,640 I was curious about what they were doing. 54 00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:27,040 I jumped into the water and thought, "Oh my God!" 55 00:09:27,160 --> 00:09:30,200 You know, I came out of that dive and thought, "Wow!" 56 00:09:30,320 --> 00:09:31,920 "This is sort of..." 57 00:09:33,160 --> 00:09:35,440 "This is sort of one most depressing dives I've ever done, 58 00:09:35,560 --> 00:09:37,320 but one of the most exciting dives." 59 00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:41,440 Depressing because I kind of forgot what coral reefs could look like. 60 00:11:10,800 --> 00:11:13,120 That's a reef that man has built. 61 00:11:15,240 --> 00:11:17,120 They actually rebuilt this reef, 62 00:11:17,240 --> 00:11:20,920 restored it from a degraded, barren rubble field 63 00:11:21,040 --> 00:11:23,000 to this flourishing, vibrant reef 64 00:11:23,120 --> 00:11:25,120 within about three or four years. 65 00:11:25,240 --> 00:11:26,360 I couldn't believe it. 66 00:11:29,400 --> 00:11:33,520 To see something that you thought was actually going to be lost, 67 00:11:33,640 --> 00:11:35,920 it's absolutely astonishing what can be done. 68 00:11:40,440 --> 00:11:44,920 Reef Stars were designed with this hexagonal structure. 69 00:11:48,080 --> 00:11:51,760 Basically made of steel bar, available everywhere, 70 00:11:51,880 --> 00:11:53,520 bent in a certain way, 71 00:11:53,640 --> 00:11:56,320 cross each other to form the six legs. 72 00:11:56,440 --> 00:11:58,240 So it's very quick and easy to produce 73 00:11:58,360 --> 00:12:00,600 using these local materials. 74 00:12:00,720 --> 00:12:04,400 Now, in a reef system which has been pounded by the waves, 75 00:12:04,520 --> 00:12:06,920 you get natural coral fragments breaking off. 76 00:12:07,400 --> 00:12:08,960 It's just part of the cycle. 77 00:12:10,040 --> 00:12:13,920 What we do is collect those corals and we put them in baskets 78 00:12:14,040 --> 00:12:16,400 and we use that to put onto the Reef Stars. 79 00:12:18,320 --> 00:12:20,800 You attach it, and you have to attach it really, really tight 80 00:12:20,920 --> 00:12:22,480 so that coral doesn't move. 81 00:12:22,600 --> 00:12:25,280 And then within a matter of four or five days, 82 00:12:25,400 --> 00:12:27,000 you'll see the coral skeleton 83 00:12:27,120 --> 00:12:29,720 starting to grow over those cable ties. 84 00:12:29,840 --> 00:12:32,040 And in a matter of three or four weeks, 85 00:12:32,160 --> 00:12:34,880 the coral starts to attach to that reef frame 86 00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:36,480 and then grow over it. 87 00:12:37,440 --> 00:12:40,040 When you deploy the Reef Stars, because they're hexagonal, 88 00:12:40,160 --> 00:12:42,040 like a honeycomb structure, 89 00:12:42,160 --> 00:12:45,640 you can put them onto the sea bed and then can link it with another one 90 00:12:45,760 --> 00:12:48,280 and link it with another one in a modular way, 91 00:12:48,400 --> 00:12:51,600 and it becomes a very strong, strong web 92 00:12:51,720 --> 00:12:54,120 and supports really active coral growth. 93 00:12:57,120 --> 00:12:58,880 The coral lifted off the sea bed 94 00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:02,240 by only 20 or 30 centimeters, that's like the magic height, 95 00:13:02,360 --> 00:13:04,440 you get water flowing through it, 96 00:13:06,080 --> 00:13:08,720 and that stimulates really rapid coral growth. 97 00:13:10,600 --> 00:13:12,760 It's three to four times quicker on a Reef Star 98 00:13:12,880 --> 00:13:14,440 than it is in a native system, 99 00:13:16,080 --> 00:13:17,920 which is just quite remarkable. 100 00:13:25,760 --> 00:13:29,200 These are vast areas of vibrant reef. 101 00:13:41,760 --> 00:13:48,120 102 00:15:30,440 --> 00:15:33,320 All of a sudden, there seems to be a solution on the table. 103 00:15:33,440 --> 00:15:36,080 But... so what? 104 00:15:38,920 --> 00:15:41,800 All right. If it works here, where else can it work? 105 00:15:41,920 --> 00:15:44,240 And what's the furthest you can push it? 106 00:15:47,240 --> 00:15:51,520 Sheba Hope Grows is about taking that hope to other locations 107 00:15:51,640 --> 00:15:54,720 to see if it's possible in these other environmental settings. 108 00:15:56,920 --> 00:16:00,080 The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is a quite unique ecological system. 109 00:16:00,200 --> 00:16:01,520 We need to try it there. 110 00:16:02,960 --> 00:16:06,320 The East African reef system, we need to try it there. 111 00:16:06,440 --> 00:16:09,600 Middle of the Pacific, out in Hawaiʻi, let's try it there. 112 00:16:11,760 --> 00:16:14,280 We want to build this army of reef-builders. 113 00:16:23,480 --> 00:16:28,840 # I can see clearly now the rain is gone # 114 00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:36,120 # I can see all obstacles in my way # 115 00:16:39,200 --> 00:16:44,000 # Gone are the dark clouds that had me blind # 116 00:16:44,840 --> 00:16:47,640 # It's gonna be a bright # 117 00:16:47,760 --> 00:16:50,640 # Bright Sun-shiny day # 118 00:16:52,720 --> 00:16:55,400 # It's gonna be a bright # 119 00:16:55,520 --> 00:16:58,640 # Bright Sun-shiny day # 120 00:17:02,320 --> 00:17:07,120 # I think I can make it now the pain is gone # 121 00:17:12,680 --> 00:17:15,800 Hawaiʻi is home, always will be. 122 00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:21,440 I moved out of Hawaiʻi 123 00:17:21,560 --> 00:17:23,960 for over five years now, 124 00:17:24,640 --> 00:17:27,280 and nowhere feels like home yet. 125 00:17:28,560 --> 00:17:30,680 I always miss home. All my family is out here. 126 00:17:30,800 --> 00:17:33,240 My mom is the seventh child of the seventh child. 127 00:17:33,360 --> 00:17:35,560 I got hella cousins out here and... 128 00:17:37,000 --> 00:17:39,840 And it's really just me and my cat in Los Angeles. 129 00:17:46,000 --> 00:17:50,720 It's the ocean, it's the mountains, it's magical. 130 00:17:50,840 --> 00:17:53,240 But for me, someone who just grew up here, 131 00:17:53,360 --> 00:17:54,880 I just thought it was normal. 132 00:17:57,600 --> 00:17:59,000 Until I left. 133 00:18:00,800 --> 00:18:04,600 I am Auliʻi Cravalho and I was born and raised in Kohala, Hawaiʻi. 134 00:18:08,720 --> 00:18:11,920 I never did any spearfishing or anything like that, 135 00:18:12,040 --> 00:18:15,080 but my uncles and my other family have. 136 00:18:15,200 --> 00:18:17,320 I just wanted to go down and look at the shells. 137 00:18:19,400 --> 00:18:22,000 Freediving, you rely on the strength of your lungs. 138 00:18:22,120 --> 00:18:25,040 It's really based on your own physical ability... 139 00:18:30,680 --> 00:18:33,840 ...and your own kind of courage to dive down as deep as you want 140 00:18:33,960 --> 00:18:36,040 or as deep as you can. 141 00:18:38,200 --> 00:18:40,040 It's a really calming experience. 142 00:18:42,520 --> 00:18:45,440 You're in a really healthy and vibrant reef. 143 00:18:45,560 --> 00:18:48,200 Like, there's little pops and little snaps, 144 00:18:48,320 --> 00:18:51,160 and it's shrimp and it's fish eating, 145 00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:55,080 and I didn't realize that there was music underwater. 146 00:18:56,160 --> 00:18:59,520 It's so beautifully alive. 147 00:19:05,360 --> 00:19:09,520 It's just amazing being down there and feeling small. 148 00:19:12,000 --> 00:19:13,560 You are entirely alone 149 00:19:13,680 --> 00:19:16,560 with your own thoughts and your own capabilities down there. 150 00:19:21,800 --> 00:19:27,320 I feel it when I go freediving and doing coral restoration. 151 00:19:31,840 --> 00:19:34,360 Now I notice how everything is changing, 152 00:19:35,320 --> 00:19:38,280 and I think that we just really want to protect it. 153 00:19:38,400 --> 00:19:40,840 We're willing to do just about anything. 154 00:19:55,920 --> 00:20:00,000 And working with Kuleana Coral, like, we focus truly on 155 00:20:00,600 --> 00:20:03,880 Kanaka or people who are native to Hawaiʻi 156 00:20:04,000 --> 00:20:05,480 or born and raised there. 157 00:20:05,600 --> 00:20:08,400 So, bringing back these, like, Hawaiian words 158 00:20:08,520 --> 00:20:12,160 when also we have been so close to losing our language 159 00:20:12,280 --> 00:20:15,360 because it was forbidden to be spoken for a couple of generations, 160 00:20:15,480 --> 00:20:18,440 like, bringing that back and coming back to our roots, 161 00:20:18,560 --> 00:20:22,240 I think is what really makes Kuleana Coral different. 162 00:20:31,680 --> 00:20:33,880 What attracted me to work in Kuleana 163 00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:36,440 was their level of commitment to restoring, 164 00:20:36,560 --> 00:20:40,000 and they've been doing this in their own time, part-time, 165 00:20:40,120 --> 00:20:42,160 whilst living a normal life. 166 00:20:44,800 --> 00:20:47,760 If you really want to be sure, on your computer... 167 00:20:48,480 --> 00:20:50,680 - Yeah. - If you go up too fast, 168 00:20:50,800 --> 00:20:52,840 it'll have this bar and it'll light... 169 00:20:52,960 --> 00:20:55,320 They're completely embedded within the community. 170 00:20:55,440 --> 00:20:57,240 Their mission is very similar to us. 171 00:20:57,360 --> 00:21:00,800 It's made up of ex-fishermen, conservationists and scientists, 172 00:21:00,920 --> 00:21:02,520 all from the community. 173 00:21:03,440 --> 00:21:05,720 Throughout my life, it was always surfing, 174 00:21:05,840 --> 00:21:08,560 it was fishing, diving, but... 175 00:21:08,680 --> 00:21:12,480 never did I really think that I can give back to the ocean. 176 00:21:13,000 --> 00:21:14,480 Right. And then... 177 00:21:14,600 --> 00:21:19,480 The goal for Kuleana is to restore marine ecosystems, 178 00:21:19,600 --> 00:21:21,840 and that's through coral restoration. 179 00:21:23,320 --> 00:21:26,040 But that's just the tip of the iceberg. 180 00:21:32,960 --> 00:21:34,680 If you look at the bigger vision, 181 00:21:34,800 --> 00:21:39,160 it's to make sure that our Hawaiian people, our local people, 182 00:21:39,280 --> 00:21:41,440 can be self-sustainable, 183 00:21:41,560 --> 00:21:44,520 whether it's economically or food sustenance, 184 00:21:45,240 --> 00:21:49,400 or the absorption of wave energy, right, our coastlines. 185 00:21:49,520 --> 00:21:51,320 If we lose coastline, 186 00:21:51,440 --> 00:21:54,000 we're going to lose land and lose homes. 187 00:21:58,480 --> 00:22:01,520 I didn't pay any attention to coral growing up. 188 00:22:01,640 --> 00:22:04,240 It's just some rock that the fish live around. 189 00:22:04,360 --> 00:22:07,320 We only pay attention to the fish, especially as a fisherman. 190 00:22:07,440 --> 00:22:12,120 You know, if you take, you have to give, right, that kind of balance. 191 00:22:12,240 --> 00:22:15,200 And, I mean, it was just informal conversations, 192 00:22:15,320 --> 00:22:17,640 mostly of me and Kapono on the boat fishing, 193 00:22:17,760 --> 00:22:20,440 it's definitely not as abundant as it used to be. 194 00:22:20,560 --> 00:22:24,240 Asking, it was like, hey, this thing has provided so much for us. 195 00:22:24,360 --> 00:22:26,120 What are we going to do? That was it. 196 00:22:26,240 --> 00:22:28,480 We took fish. Now we want to make fish. 197 00:22:28,600 --> 00:22:30,840 I don't know, it seemed pretty simple. 198 00:22:31,560 --> 00:22:34,800 We have a vision for a future that it's really abundant, 199 00:22:36,520 --> 00:22:39,880 and having a healthy reef ecosystem is a part of that. 200 00:22:43,520 --> 00:22:46,160 We have time for the baskets because we're... 201 00:22:46,280 --> 00:22:48,880 I typed into Craigslist "diving jobs". 202 00:22:49,000 --> 00:22:52,320 I threw the word "science" in there. I saw a posting that said, 203 00:22:52,440 --> 00:22:55,160 "Fisherman seeking scientist." 204 00:22:56,040 --> 00:22:59,240 "For..." You know, and "Scientist/scuba diver". 205 00:22:59,360 --> 00:23:00,880 I'm like, "That's perfect!" 206 00:23:01,000 --> 00:23:04,680 And so I called the number, and it's all history now. 207 00:23:06,280 --> 00:23:08,400 My name's Danny DeMartini. 208 00:23:08,520 --> 00:23:11,120 I'm the Chief Scientist at Kuleana Coral Restoration. 209 00:23:13,480 --> 00:23:14,760 Okay. All right. 210 00:23:15,880 --> 00:23:19,000 Kuleana involves a lot of diving, obviously. 211 00:23:19,120 --> 00:23:22,760 We have to get down in the ocean and do the work by hand. 212 00:23:22,880 --> 00:23:24,400 It's a lot of heavy lifting. 213 00:23:37,680 --> 00:23:40,320 Our system here in Hawaiʻi is unique. 214 00:23:41,400 --> 00:23:44,600 Our island is centered in the middle of the Pacific, 215 00:23:44,720 --> 00:23:48,440 so we actually get a huge amount of energy 216 00:23:48,560 --> 00:23:50,560 from across the Pacific year-round. 217 00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:55,400 So we're always getting the brunt of storms from all over the place. 218 00:23:58,040 --> 00:23:59,920 These corals tend to tumble 219 00:24:00,040 --> 00:24:03,240 and it turns over into the sand and it doesn't get any sunlight, 220 00:24:03,360 --> 00:24:07,080 doesn't get anything it needs, no nutrition, and it starts to die, 221 00:24:07,200 --> 00:24:10,000 and we try to give that coral a second chance at life. 222 00:24:22,920 --> 00:24:25,360 It becomes a bowling ball underwater. 223 00:24:25,480 --> 00:24:29,120 It becomes this wrecking crew that, through the waves and currents, 224 00:24:29,240 --> 00:24:31,600 it'll knock other corals. 225 00:24:34,280 --> 00:24:38,800 We're looking for the living tissue, it still needs to be healthy, 226 00:24:38,920 --> 00:24:42,520 and then we'll bring all those corals to the surface. 227 00:25:00,040 --> 00:25:02,360 On the boat is where we'll prepare them 228 00:25:02,480 --> 00:25:04,680 to be planted back down underwater. 229 00:25:04,800 --> 00:25:06,480 Mmm! Smells like coral. 230 00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:11,520 Look at that! And what are these? 231 00:25:11,640 --> 00:25:13,960 Ew! They're slimy. 232 00:25:15,720 --> 00:25:19,600 If you don't know, call it a sponge. 233 00:25:20,280 --> 00:25:23,680 The preparation is to drill a hole at the bottom of it. 234 00:25:23,800 --> 00:25:26,000 Figure out where we want to plant it. 235 00:25:26,120 --> 00:25:28,960 This is all the live tissue upright, so we're going... 236 00:25:32,320 --> 00:25:35,040 ...to stick a metal pin in there, 237 00:25:35,160 --> 00:25:37,320 and that's going to stabilize the coral 238 00:25:37,440 --> 00:25:39,400 when we plant it underwater. 239 00:25:39,520 --> 00:25:41,480 - Have this. - There you go. 240 00:25:42,280 --> 00:25:43,800 - Ow! - Brah! 241 00:25:43,920 --> 00:25:45,680 - I'm just kidding! - Brah! Ah! 242 00:25:47,200 --> 00:25:48,600 Ay! 243 00:25:50,120 --> 00:25:52,960 We see this systemic problem with carbon emissions, 244 00:25:53,080 --> 00:25:57,400 this ocean that is becoming less hospitable to the coral reefs, 245 00:25:57,520 --> 00:26:01,480 through acidification, through the temperature changes. 246 00:26:02,160 --> 00:26:04,040 Y'all are gonna be sick of me! 247 00:26:04,160 --> 00:26:05,880 You're on the team. 248 00:26:06,000 --> 00:26:08,000 It's pollution coming from land. 249 00:26:08,120 --> 00:26:10,040 It's the agriculture runoff. 250 00:26:10,160 --> 00:26:11,440 - That's it? - Yeah. 251 00:26:11,560 --> 00:26:13,880 It's cesspools, it's septic systems 252 00:26:14,000 --> 00:26:16,120 that are all feeding into the ocean. 253 00:26:19,120 --> 00:26:21,200 It's the boater use. It's the anchors. 254 00:26:21,320 --> 00:26:22,920 It's... It's all of it, right? 255 00:26:23,040 --> 00:26:26,680 It's people being in the water and not really being aware 256 00:26:26,800 --> 00:26:28,680 of some of the details about the ecosystem 257 00:26:28,800 --> 00:26:32,000 that they're putting themselves into and how to treat it respectfully. 258 00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:36,520 Have a good dive! 259 00:26:46,600 --> 00:26:48,120 You could sit around and say, 260 00:26:48,240 --> 00:26:50,840 "It's a huge problem. There's nothing we're going to do." 261 00:26:50,960 --> 00:26:54,440 Or you can roll your sleeves up and put in the work, 262 00:26:54,560 --> 00:26:59,200 and at best we can buy humankind a little bit of time 263 00:26:59,320 --> 00:27:00,960 so they can turn things around 264 00:27:01,080 --> 00:27:04,440 so our reefs can actually make it through the next century. 265 00:27:08,680 --> 00:27:11,000 In my head is like a ticking clock, 266 00:27:11,120 --> 00:27:13,080 like a Doomsday Clock, if you like. 267 00:27:15,440 --> 00:27:18,120 It is probably a couple of minutes to midnight. 268 00:27:19,960 --> 00:27:21,960 When you see restoration efforts 269 00:27:22,080 --> 00:27:25,600 which take a long time and are quite labor-intensive, 270 00:27:25,720 --> 00:27:27,600 you want to do as much as you can 271 00:27:27,720 --> 00:27:30,560 to help to speed up the process. 272 00:27:33,120 --> 00:27:35,920 We have to drill, we have to apply epoxy, 273 00:27:36,040 --> 00:27:39,160 put a pin in, drill into the sea floor, 274 00:27:39,280 --> 00:27:41,440 put more epoxy, and then set it there, 275 00:27:41,560 --> 00:27:45,000 and, like, this technique is necessary 276 00:27:45,120 --> 00:27:47,720 because of just how strong our swells are, 277 00:27:47,840 --> 00:27:50,520 so there's really no way of getting around it. 278 00:27:50,640 --> 00:27:54,880 This is, like, these coral will then stay where we put them. 279 00:27:57,600 --> 00:27:59,280 But it's hard. 280 00:28:25,280 --> 00:28:28,880 It is one of the most incredible creatures on this planet. 281 00:28:29,000 --> 00:28:32,760 It's a rock, it's a plant, it's an animal, it's everything. 282 00:28:32,880 --> 00:28:36,240 It's our ancestor. Like, coral is... 283 00:28:37,120 --> 00:28:40,360 It's an amazing little creature, uh... that 284 00:28:40,480 --> 00:28:43,160 that they, all these little polyps work together 285 00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:45,640 to survive and thrive, and I love that. 286 00:28:45,760 --> 00:28:47,800 It's a community, really. 287 00:28:47,920 --> 00:28:50,520 Like what we're all trying to do together out here. 288 00:28:50,640 --> 00:28:54,040 We're trying to build something, and that's all they do. 289 00:28:54,160 --> 00:28:55,800 They build homes. 290 00:28:59,640 --> 00:29:01,880 No matter what you think about climate change, 291 00:29:02,000 --> 00:29:04,160 it's having dramatic effects on the planet. 292 00:29:05,120 --> 00:29:08,920 Weather patterns around the world are dependent on ocean processes. 293 00:29:09,040 --> 00:29:12,000 Climate regulation is dependent on ocean processes. 294 00:29:13,320 --> 00:29:17,960 The number of Cat. 5 storms will increase year on year 295 00:29:18,080 --> 00:29:19,680 as a result of climate change. 296 00:29:19,800 --> 00:29:23,440 You'll get a higher frequency of these high-intensity storms 297 00:29:23,560 --> 00:29:26,680 capable of doing damage, which means, in essence, 298 00:29:26,800 --> 00:29:29,520 the time that reefs have to recover 299 00:29:29,640 --> 00:29:32,240 between the next event is decreased. 300 00:30:07,360 --> 00:30:09,160 Ah-ah, oh-oh! 301 00:30:09,280 --> 00:30:11,720 It's important that we show our ancestors 302 00:30:11,840 --> 00:30:15,040 that we're still... our culture is still strong. 303 00:30:15,160 --> 00:30:16,160 We still maintain it. 304 00:30:22,120 --> 00:30:25,000 We still have to show that respect to our ancestors so that 305 00:30:25,120 --> 00:30:27,000 we're protected while we're there. 306 00:30:45,680 --> 00:30:49,520 Brian, about fishing, going out fishing and hunting, gathering fish. 307 00:30:49,640 --> 00:30:51,520 "Guyu" in our language means fish. 308 00:30:53,440 --> 00:30:57,240 The reef is part of us. That's who we are. 309 00:30:57,880 --> 00:31:00,480 We live off that reef. We need the reef. 310 00:31:00,600 --> 00:31:02,640 We take it away, we'll have nothing. 311 00:31:02,760 --> 00:31:04,000 Djilibiri! 312 00:31:04,120 --> 00:31:06,040 Djilibiri! Barramundi. 313 00:31:06,720 --> 00:31:09,560 It's like taking our passport away. 314 00:31:10,680 --> 00:31:13,200 So if the reef gone, we're gone too. 315 00:31:15,200 --> 00:31:17,920 316 00:31:31,240 --> 00:31:33,200 See this mountain, the Murray Prior Range, 317 00:31:33,320 --> 00:31:34,680 see that mountain range there, 318 00:31:34,800 --> 00:31:37,320 the Murray Prior, it runs right along here, 319 00:31:37,440 --> 00:31:40,080 then extends right back out to the Great Barrier Reef. 320 00:31:40,200 --> 00:31:42,440 Right up to Moore Reef, that's all our Sea Country. 321 00:31:42,560 --> 00:31:45,040 Every place you look out here is all Gunggandji country, 322 00:31:45,160 --> 00:31:47,160 whether you're on the land or in the ocean. 323 00:31:48,320 --> 00:31:50,640 Our Sea Country needs a lot of help. 324 00:31:51,360 --> 00:31:54,000 I've seen the bleaching, and it's not good, 325 00:31:54,600 --> 00:31:58,600 especially for our food resource because we do rely on that. 326 00:32:01,080 --> 00:32:03,320 You can find showers 327 00:32:03,440 --> 00:32:06,240 directly behind the dive deck area for you to rinse off. 328 00:32:07,000 --> 00:32:09,200 On the left-hand side of the dive deck area, 329 00:32:09,320 --> 00:32:11,840 you'll see stairs leading down into the water 330 00:32:11,960 --> 00:32:15,280 for your ease of access for your snorkeling today. 331 00:32:17,960 --> 00:32:21,240 We do have a second level to the pontoon, we have our sun deck. 332 00:32:21,360 --> 00:32:23,160 You'll be able to access the sun deck 333 00:32:23,280 --> 00:32:26,360 via the large set of stairs in the middle of the pontoon. 334 00:32:26,480 --> 00:32:29,480 Up on the sun deck, you'll find additional tables and seating. 335 00:32:29,600 --> 00:32:30,960 You'll also find our drink bar 336 00:32:31,080 --> 00:32:33,880 which will be open during our lunch service for drinks. 337 00:32:36,120 --> 00:32:38,480 We have our marine biologists' wet laboratory. 338 00:32:41,520 --> 00:32:45,040 And we also have a fish feeding today at 1 p.m. 339 00:32:46,040 --> 00:32:48,120 And the fish feeding will be conducted 340 00:32:48,240 --> 00:32:51,640 down the far end of the pontoon, just by the dive deck. 341 00:32:51,760 --> 00:32:53,720 Just a friendly reminder, 342 00:32:54,800 --> 00:32:58,720 both the main vessel and the pontoon are no smoking or vaping today. 343 00:33:01,360 --> 00:33:05,000 My name is Frederick Lefoe. I am a Gunggandji man from Yarrabah. 344 00:33:05,120 --> 00:33:08,080 I was born and bred on the seas, and I love it. 345 00:33:08,200 --> 00:33:10,880 I always feel proud to be owner of the Sea Country. 346 00:33:11,000 --> 00:33:13,440 Especially to work in it, it's a great job. 347 00:33:19,160 --> 00:33:20,920 Sea Country means everything. 348 00:33:21,040 --> 00:33:23,800 It's the place where we was born and grown up before, 349 00:33:23,920 --> 00:33:26,480 and it's the place we love to go out every day, 350 00:33:26,600 --> 00:33:28,280 especially to see the reef. 351 00:33:28,960 --> 00:33:30,320 Non-stop action. 352 00:33:35,480 --> 00:33:39,120 The Great Barrier Reef is the most iconic reef on the planet. 353 00:33:39,760 --> 00:33:43,440 And consequently the health of the Great Barrier Reef and its status 354 00:33:43,560 --> 00:33:47,000 is kind of a barometer for reefs around the world, 355 00:33:47,120 --> 00:33:49,440 but it's also a system that's under threat. 356 00:33:52,680 --> 00:33:56,360 So where's there a need, a want and a will to restore, 357 00:33:56,480 --> 00:34:00,000 that sort of focuses you into a place called Moore Reef. 358 00:34:05,000 --> 00:34:07,880 I want my grandchildren to be out there too one day, 359 00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:10,640 swimming around and seeing all those beautiful fish, 360 00:34:11,360 --> 00:34:13,000 especially the corals. 361 00:34:17,240 --> 00:34:19,600 When you're on land, you've got so many 362 00:34:19,720 --> 00:34:21,800 things around you that's happening. 363 00:34:21,920 --> 00:34:25,760 And then when you hit the water, it's so calm, it's so peaceful, 364 00:34:25,880 --> 00:34:27,680 everything just lifts off you. 365 00:34:30,560 --> 00:34:32,680 I've seen the work that they've done, 366 00:34:32,800 --> 00:34:36,360 and are caring and... they love the environment 367 00:34:36,480 --> 00:34:39,560 and their people too. They're here to help us. 368 00:34:41,960 --> 00:34:44,080 That's one of my goals, is sharing. 369 00:34:45,280 --> 00:34:49,080 Because without that, we've got nothing if we don't share. 370 00:34:52,480 --> 00:34:55,760 So Site 1 at Moore Reef is four years in now. 371 00:34:55,880 --> 00:34:57,760 The recovery has been insane. 372 00:34:59,360 --> 00:35:01,920 Even to my eye, I couldn't see any Reef Stars. 373 00:35:02,480 --> 00:35:04,120 Similar to what we saw in Indonesia, 374 00:35:04,240 --> 00:35:07,040 coral growth seems to be much faster than you would predict 375 00:35:07,160 --> 00:35:09,240 for a native coral, which is fantastic. 376 00:35:09,360 --> 00:35:12,280 It's the reef that's doing well, not just the corals. 377 00:35:14,240 --> 00:35:15,600 The fish are recovering. 378 00:35:15,720 --> 00:35:17,640 The biodiversity looks vibrant. 379 00:35:17,760 --> 00:35:20,440 You can feel it. You can sense it in your bones. 380 00:35:20,560 --> 00:35:23,040 When you dive over that Moore Reef, you can hear it. 381 00:35:23,160 --> 00:35:24,760 It's like multisensory. 382 00:35:41,960 --> 00:35:44,840 Before I started on the reef, I was a carpenter, 383 00:35:44,960 --> 00:35:46,560 building houses and that. 384 00:35:47,680 --> 00:35:51,480 I was scared at first because I never done something like this. 385 00:35:51,600 --> 00:35:53,760 But luckily we got a great trainer. 386 00:35:53,880 --> 00:35:56,600 He was talking to us every step of the way. 387 00:35:56,720 --> 00:35:58,760 First time I have seen a coral reef like that. 388 00:35:59,880 --> 00:36:02,080 Guys, you might want to shift aside 389 00:36:02,200 --> 00:36:04,720 because there's coral restoration work happening. 390 00:36:04,840 --> 00:36:06,680 Especially the experience of it, 391 00:36:06,800 --> 00:36:09,320 diving and just sitting there watching it grow. 392 00:36:10,800 --> 00:36:12,160 Oh, beautiful, eh? 393 00:36:12,640 --> 00:36:16,040 Like an entire mountainside, but underneath. 394 00:36:16,920 --> 00:36:18,680 Like a new world experience. 395 00:36:20,560 --> 00:36:23,160 At Moore Reef, we want to build it up 396 00:36:23,280 --> 00:36:25,920 and to have the community move to come out and help us, 397 00:36:26,040 --> 00:36:27,600 to help build the reef. 398 00:36:28,160 --> 00:36:30,760 I did the Reef Star I built yesterday myself. 399 00:36:30,880 --> 00:36:32,200 It was incredible. 400 00:36:32,320 --> 00:36:34,640 It wasn't that stressful or anything. 401 00:36:34,760 --> 00:36:36,960 It was just like putting a Lego together. 402 00:36:37,080 --> 00:36:39,880 This is the best job in the world. I can just say that. 403 00:36:42,920 --> 00:36:45,160 The reef is so beautiful that it's inspired me 404 00:36:45,280 --> 00:36:48,360 to look after it so much that I just want to 405 00:36:48,480 --> 00:36:50,760 stay here forever on the reef, 406 00:36:50,880 --> 00:36:52,480 build a house on it one time. 407 00:36:53,240 --> 00:36:55,240 Be like Sandy on SpongeBob. 408 00:37:25,040 --> 00:37:27,920 In the recent years that I've been out on the reef, 409 00:37:28,040 --> 00:37:30,800 I've seen the change, I've seen the seabed. 410 00:37:30,920 --> 00:37:34,560 They've put all these corals back in there, and it's growing. 411 00:37:35,160 --> 00:37:37,360 I've also done some planting there too. 412 00:37:37,480 --> 00:37:39,840 I was amazed to go back and look and it's thrived. 413 00:37:39,960 --> 00:37:42,040 I can see it, where it's been put. 414 00:37:51,640 --> 00:37:54,280 We, as Gunggandji people, 415 00:37:55,040 --> 00:37:57,520 need to go back and look at Mother Nature 416 00:37:57,640 --> 00:38:01,200 and see for ourselves what climate change is doing. 417 00:38:06,560 --> 00:38:08,640 The sustainability of our hunting, 418 00:38:08,760 --> 00:38:11,000 that's one thing that we need to maintain. 419 00:38:12,040 --> 00:38:14,600 Without that, our children will have nothing. 420 00:38:25,960 --> 00:38:28,760 For me, Moore Reef is a great example 421 00:38:28,880 --> 00:38:32,000 of how Reef Stars can work on the Great Barrier Reef. 422 00:38:32,120 --> 00:38:36,040 I'm really excited to see corals grow very quickly 423 00:38:36,160 --> 00:38:38,480 and the reef that we're working on respond. 424 00:38:38,600 --> 00:38:40,200 But we need to go bigger. 425 00:38:40,320 --> 00:38:42,240 That's what success will look like. 426 00:38:42,360 --> 00:38:45,080 If you have any questions, 427 00:38:45,200 --> 00:38:47,960 please do not hesitate to ask our friendly staff. 428 00:38:48,080 --> 00:38:51,520 The world is changing. We see mass destruction. 429 00:38:51,640 --> 00:38:53,480 See reef dying. 430 00:38:54,520 --> 00:38:56,880 More storm, more freaky storm. 431 00:38:57,000 --> 00:39:01,600 But the weather's a bit more hotter than 10 years or 20 years ago. 432 00:39:03,000 --> 00:39:04,920 Really makes you sorry. 433 00:39:06,200 --> 00:39:07,520 Makes me want to cry. 434 00:39:08,920 --> 00:39:11,240 Have a fantastic day 435 00:39:11,360 --> 00:39:13,600 out here on Reef Magic Pontoon. 436 00:39:16,880 --> 00:39:20,080 The ocean and the land, it provides for us. 437 00:39:20,720 --> 00:39:23,360 We don't own the land. The land owns us. 438 00:39:26,960 --> 00:39:28,920 We're just caretakers, that's all. 439 00:39:39,680 --> 00:39:45,360 Woo! 440 00:39:46,000 --> 00:39:49,080 When you do a smoking ceremony, you're not only 441 00:39:49,200 --> 00:39:50,960 connecting to country, 442 00:39:51,080 --> 00:39:53,560 but you're also burning away 443 00:39:54,280 --> 00:39:58,400 all the toxins and all the bad stuff that's going through your head. 444 00:40:03,440 --> 00:40:05,200 Through our creation story, 445 00:40:05,320 --> 00:40:07,320 we were placed here to look after this land. 446 00:40:07,440 --> 00:40:09,160 We came from the land. 447 00:40:09,280 --> 00:40:10,840 When our time's up, 448 00:40:10,960 --> 00:40:13,160 we go back to where we come from. 449 00:40:17,920 --> 00:40:20,400 So we go back to Mother Earth. 450 00:40:27,640 --> 00:40:29,360 I swam at night. 451 00:40:29,480 --> 00:40:32,640 There were corals spawning, and it was beautiful. 452 00:40:36,640 --> 00:40:38,320 Oh, it's like you're in space. 453 00:40:38,440 --> 00:40:40,960 There's all these little bubbles coming around. 454 00:40:56,720 --> 00:40:58,480 We call her mother. 455 00:40:58,600 --> 00:41:01,960 That's our mother, she provides for us, she gives us everything. 456 00:41:02,080 --> 00:41:03,480 She's Ma Boodja. 457 00:41:03,600 --> 00:41:06,040 She can become angry when she wants to be. 458 00:41:08,040 --> 00:41:09,640 And she'll tell you that too. 459 00:41:10,280 --> 00:41:12,200 She's a reproductive creature. 460 00:42:07,960 --> 00:42:10,440 Indonesia is a flagship site for restoration. 461 00:42:10,560 --> 00:42:13,280 The scale of restoration surpasses anything else 462 00:42:13,400 --> 00:42:16,200 which has been done anywhere in the world, I would say. 463 00:42:16,320 --> 00:42:18,440 - Morning, everyone! - Morning! 464 00:42:18,560 --> 00:42:20,200 Another exciting day, hey? 465 00:42:20,320 --> 00:42:22,840 Woo! 466 00:42:22,960 --> 00:42:27,040 So, today is our final day for building. 467 00:42:27,840 --> 00:42:29,560 The program's been so successful 468 00:42:29,680 --> 00:42:32,760 that we invite people to come in and see what's possible. 469 00:42:36,120 --> 00:42:38,520 But also use it as a training ground. 470 00:42:38,640 --> 00:42:41,560 So we have NGOs and governments who want to come in and learn 471 00:42:41,680 --> 00:42:44,960 how we do and what we do and how we work with communities 472 00:42:45,080 --> 00:42:48,360 and what's the best practice and take that to their own reefs 473 00:42:48,480 --> 00:42:50,720 to try and do and repeat and do the same. 474 00:42:51,960 --> 00:42:53,640 Reef Star heroes! 475 00:42:53,760 --> 00:42:55,800 Woo! 476 00:42:55,920 --> 00:42:56,920 Get on the boat! 477 00:42:57,040 --> 00:43:00,640 But really what you need to do is empower thousands of people, 478 00:43:00,760 --> 00:43:03,320 thousands of communities, if not tens of thousands, 479 00:43:03,440 --> 00:43:06,400 to rebuild and restore reefs in their own backyard 480 00:43:06,520 --> 00:43:08,840 and become responsible for their own reefs. 481 00:43:11,840 --> 00:43:15,640 We have people here from the Maldives, from Australia, 482 00:43:15,760 --> 00:43:17,960 from here in Indonesia, from Kenya, 483 00:43:18,080 --> 00:43:20,960 and the Hawaiʻi crew is learning so, so much, 484 00:43:21,080 --> 00:43:22,920 but also sharing their knowledge. 485 00:43:23,840 --> 00:43:26,920 It's lovely to hear what techniques work and what doesn't. 486 00:43:27,040 --> 00:43:29,160 And there's no shame in saying it out loud 487 00:43:29,280 --> 00:43:31,400 because this has truly become a data hub. 488 00:43:31,520 --> 00:43:33,000 It works here. 489 00:43:33,120 --> 00:43:35,960 Hopefully when we try it in Hawaiʻi, it'll work there too. 490 00:43:36,080 --> 00:43:38,440 Because if it works in Hawaiʻi, it'll work anywhere. 491 00:43:40,680 --> 00:43:44,640 Nothing has kind of hit me quite as hard as going to Bontosua 492 00:43:44,760 --> 00:43:47,120 and seeing those restored reefs. 493 00:43:47,240 --> 00:43:49,080 That was just out of the question 494 00:43:49,200 --> 00:43:51,680 as far as the realm of possibility in my mind. 495 00:43:51,800 --> 00:43:55,560 So it's... it was gorgeous. I seriously couldn't believe it. 496 00:43:55,680 --> 00:43:58,400 Even now I'm like, "Man!" So I told everybody that. 497 00:44:01,880 --> 00:44:04,120 But until I saw it for myself, 498 00:44:04,240 --> 00:44:06,600 I didn't really understand. 499 00:44:11,400 --> 00:44:13,080 In Indonesia, 500 00:44:13,200 --> 00:44:15,520 the community component of the restoration 501 00:44:15,640 --> 00:44:16,960 was a beautiful thing. 502 00:44:17,080 --> 00:44:20,080 Having everybody out there tying on the corals 503 00:44:20,200 --> 00:44:24,880 and big smiles and just... and the amount of work they can get done 504 00:44:25,000 --> 00:44:28,680 by incorporating the whole community was just mind-blowing. 505 00:44:28,800 --> 00:44:31,080 Isn't this the most beautiful thing you've ever seen? 506 00:44:33,880 --> 00:44:36,680 It shows you, when everybody works together, 507 00:44:36,800 --> 00:44:38,360 many hands make light work. 508 00:44:39,440 --> 00:44:43,760 It is probably the most significant operations 509 00:44:43,880 --> 00:44:46,080 of coral restoration I've ever seen. 510 00:44:47,280 --> 00:44:48,640 - One hundred! - Okay. 511 00:44:48,760 --> 00:44:50,040 Woo! 512 00:45:04,640 --> 00:45:07,920 I loved taking the Reef Stars off the boat, 513 00:45:08,040 --> 00:45:09,920 so you swim, swim, swim. 514 00:45:10,040 --> 00:45:11,520 You are only on a snorkel. 515 00:45:11,640 --> 00:45:15,520 And you reach up and they pass you this Reef Star. 516 00:45:15,640 --> 00:45:17,160 You sink down into the water, 517 00:45:17,280 --> 00:45:20,120 and you take it and you go... ...deep breath. 518 00:45:20,240 --> 00:45:23,080 And you dive it down to the very bottom, 519 00:45:23,200 --> 00:45:27,560 and you place it down there, and then you pop all the way back up. 520 00:45:27,680 --> 00:45:30,600 And you do this in a circle for however long it takes 521 00:45:30,720 --> 00:45:32,560 to take the hundreds of Reef Stars 522 00:45:32,680 --> 00:45:35,480 that were prepared earlier in the day by the community. 523 00:45:36,920 --> 00:45:39,040 It's incredible to see it... 524 00:45:39,840 --> 00:45:41,600 at the bottom of the ocean, 525 00:45:41,720 --> 00:45:43,480 to see where the new sites are 526 00:45:43,600 --> 00:45:46,280 versus the sites that are six years old. 527 00:45:47,120 --> 00:45:49,200 It's night and day. 528 00:45:50,000 --> 00:45:53,480 And the fact that, like, it works, right? 529 00:45:53,600 --> 00:45:56,680 Sometimes you can see the bars of the Reef Star, 530 00:45:57,280 --> 00:45:58,920 but oftentimes you can't. 531 00:46:12,200 --> 00:46:14,560 One of the most magic moments was taking 532 00:46:14,680 --> 00:46:17,880 Danny from Kuleana out to Bontosua. 533 00:46:18,000 --> 00:46:22,160 We said we'll see a good reef then we'll go see a degraded reef. 534 00:46:22,280 --> 00:46:25,920 We got into about 40 minutes of the dive. 535 00:46:26,040 --> 00:46:27,880 He said, "Where's the restoration?" 536 00:46:28,000 --> 00:46:30,240 He's doing this, "Where's the Reef Stars?" 537 00:46:30,360 --> 00:46:33,440 I wrote down, "You've been swimming over it for 40 minutes." 538 00:46:33,560 --> 00:46:36,280 It was the most amazing... He was like, "What?!" 539 00:46:54,400 --> 00:46:57,720 Bontosua... it just blew my mind. 540 00:46:57,840 --> 00:47:02,120 I had no idea that restoration at that scale 541 00:47:02,240 --> 00:47:04,520 was even a possibility. 542 00:47:04,640 --> 00:47:07,080 Like, seeing what they've done with the Reef Star system 543 00:47:07,200 --> 00:47:10,840 and just going to the science block, so where they've planted, 544 00:47:10,960 --> 00:47:13,800 a couple of years ago they planted big sections of reef. 545 00:47:13,920 --> 00:47:17,760 You can't tell there's Reef Stars, you can't tell it was restored. 546 00:47:17,880 --> 00:47:23,640 Coming from just the land of total rubble out there, 547 00:47:23,760 --> 00:47:27,360 then they brought it back to this just vibrant, healthy reef 548 00:47:27,480 --> 00:47:29,320 where you couldn't even tell. 549 00:47:39,160 --> 00:47:42,600 I swam over that thing for a half hour before I even realized 550 00:47:42,720 --> 00:47:44,800 that we were swimming over something 551 00:47:44,920 --> 00:47:49,600 that used to be an unrestored bed of rubble. 552 00:48:03,560 --> 00:48:08,240 Nothing has hit me quite as hard as seeing those restored reefs. 553 00:48:22,320 --> 00:48:24,200 I've learned so much here. 554 00:48:26,000 --> 00:48:28,520 I think, like, the biggest thing I've learned 555 00:48:28,640 --> 00:48:33,800 is really the possibility of full-scale reef restoration. 556 00:48:34,720 --> 00:48:36,320 And I think that's, like, 557 00:48:36,440 --> 00:48:39,120 just absolutely unreal the reefs that we saw 558 00:48:39,240 --> 00:48:41,240 and the scale that they're doing it at. 559 00:48:43,200 --> 00:48:47,000 Feel like I just wanna go home and just start planting Reef Stars. 560 00:48:47,680 --> 00:48:51,160 That's, like, all I want to do, start production tomorrow, 561 00:48:51,280 --> 00:48:53,720 so I'm feeling, like, really passionate. 562 00:48:58,560 --> 00:49:01,800 The scale of their operations is huge, 563 00:49:01,920 --> 00:49:03,160 and it's something that, 564 00:49:03,280 --> 00:49:06,960 if we could even get a sixth of that scale out in Hawaiʻi, 565 00:49:07,080 --> 00:49:10,120 I would love to see how much fish would come back. 566 00:49:12,560 --> 00:49:16,000 To see how much work is done off of these coasts, 567 00:49:16,120 --> 00:49:17,840 and trying to think, 568 00:49:17,960 --> 00:49:22,440 is that something that we could bring to Hawaiʻi? 569 00:49:22,560 --> 00:49:23,960 I don't know. 570 00:49:25,360 --> 00:49:28,640 There's some hurdles in the way but, realistically, 571 00:49:28,760 --> 00:49:33,000 that's what we're gonna do, and it's gonna be just as epic. 572 00:49:38,120 --> 00:49:40,560 Constantly reading bad news and stuff, 573 00:49:40,680 --> 00:49:42,840 it's really refreshing to see something 574 00:49:42,960 --> 00:49:45,320 that's working in a positive direction. 575 00:49:45,440 --> 00:49:47,880 And being a part of it, 576 00:49:48,000 --> 00:49:51,800 and the potential that we have to alter our environment 577 00:49:51,920 --> 00:49:55,120 in the sort of positive direction that they do here 578 00:49:55,240 --> 00:49:57,880 is giving me hope and giving our team hope, 579 00:49:58,680 --> 00:50:01,560 and hopefully we can perpetuate that hope in Hawaiʻi. 580 00:50:04,240 --> 00:50:05,960 I think what they came back was, like, 581 00:50:06,080 --> 00:50:08,400 like, legit, like different people. 582 00:50:08,520 --> 00:50:11,880 Ecological restoration is happening and possible. 583 00:50:15,080 --> 00:50:20,360 It's possible to restore our damaged coral reefs on this scale, 584 00:50:20,480 --> 00:50:23,120 and that is a switch from what we see in Hawaiʻi. 585 00:50:23,240 --> 00:50:26,760 Because now what we're doing with these little tennis court-sized areas, 586 00:50:26,880 --> 00:50:30,240 maybe we're pushing the needle a little bit on some certain species, 587 00:50:30,360 --> 00:50:32,800 but we are not restoring entire ecosystems. 588 00:50:50,880 --> 00:50:53,800 We have permits to put Reef Stars in the water. 589 00:50:53,920 --> 00:50:56,840 You know, the first Reef Stars to ever go in in Hawaiʻi, 590 00:50:56,960 --> 00:50:59,320 so I think that's a monumental step, 591 00:50:59,440 --> 00:51:01,800 but we still have a way to go. 592 00:51:01,920 --> 00:51:03,560 That's at a pilot scale. 593 00:51:04,320 --> 00:51:06,240 At least we have the process underway 594 00:51:06,360 --> 00:51:09,600 to build that trust now with those regulatory agencies. 595 00:51:11,880 --> 00:51:13,640 Funny thing was, I think, originally, 596 00:51:13,760 --> 00:51:15,800 everyone told us we wouldn't get them. 597 00:51:16,880 --> 00:51:18,680 I think if we didn't have Danny, 598 00:51:18,800 --> 00:51:21,640 the state would not have trusted some local kid 599 00:51:21,760 --> 00:51:24,640 that's not a scientist with a permit like that. 600 00:51:32,000 --> 00:51:34,320 And I hope that what we see is that, yes, 601 00:51:34,440 --> 00:51:37,160 this is going to be something 602 00:51:37,280 --> 00:51:39,960 that could potentially save our reefs in Hawaiʻi 603 00:51:40,080 --> 00:51:42,640 as we continue to decline 604 00:51:42,760 --> 00:51:44,720 and going into the next centuries 605 00:51:44,840 --> 00:51:47,360 to really give it the foundation and the strength 606 00:51:47,480 --> 00:51:49,600 and rebuild areas that need to be rebuilt, 607 00:51:49,720 --> 00:51:53,080 and have this tool that we can keep coming back to. 608 00:51:54,560 --> 00:51:57,960 The drilling will happen through the hole in the Reef Star. 609 00:51:58,080 --> 00:52:01,560 We're not going to put the Reef Star down then drill the holes. 610 00:52:01,680 --> 00:52:03,640 We're going to have the Reef Star in position. 611 00:52:03,760 --> 00:52:05,880 So drill one hole, drop the pin in, 612 00:52:06,000 --> 00:52:08,200 and then drill the next one, so it holds... 613 00:52:08,320 --> 00:52:11,280 - We're not drilling till after? - Yeah... 614 00:52:11,400 --> 00:52:14,200 Corals in Hawaiʻi grow really slowly. 615 00:52:14,320 --> 00:52:18,080 But because they grow really slowly, they grow really dense as well. 616 00:52:18,680 --> 00:52:22,040 All this epoxy comes up... 617 00:52:22,160 --> 00:52:25,560 How are we going to screw down onto it, tighten it down? 618 00:52:26,760 --> 00:52:28,480 See what I'm saying? 619 00:52:28,600 --> 00:52:31,920 The question for us is, wherever we looked at in the world, 620 00:52:32,040 --> 00:52:34,720 corals that we put on Reef Stars 621 00:52:34,840 --> 00:52:37,400 have grown much more quickly. 622 00:52:38,000 --> 00:52:43,080 Yeah. So this is our legitimate first time doing this, so... 623 00:52:43,200 --> 00:52:46,240 - The first time... - Don't judge us too hard. 624 00:52:46,360 --> 00:52:48,880 Every time we do something the first time. 625 00:52:49,000 --> 00:52:51,280 Yeah, it works out, eventually. 626 00:52:51,400 --> 00:52:53,040 The waters are completely different here. 627 00:52:53,160 --> 00:52:55,600 We're so much deeper also. 628 00:52:55,720 --> 00:52:56,840 Yeah. 629 00:52:56,960 --> 00:52:59,040 So, does the same happen in Hawaiʻi? 630 00:52:59,160 --> 00:53:03,040 So those old hard corals, difficult to grow, 631 00:53:03,160 --> 00:53:06,480 do you get a bit of a bump if you put them on Reef Stars? 632 00:53:06,600 --> 00:53:07,800 Are you good? 633 00:53:07,920 --> 00:53:10,800 He's the second strongest person on our team. 634 00:53:10,920 --> 00:53:12,360 I'm gonna hold it out. 635 00:53:12,480 --> 00:53:14,520 Time will tell, hopefully. 636 00:53:40,960 --> 00:53:44,320 You're in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, basically. 637 00:53:44,440 --> 00:53:46,640 So the distance from you 638 00:53:46,760 --> 00:53:49,680 and the next piece of land is vast. 639 00:53:49,800 --> 00:53:51,480 And that's the fetch, 640 00:53:51,600 --> 00:53:54,400 that's the space that the water is moving over, 641 00:53:54,520 --> 00:53:56,560 gathering energy, building up its energy, 642 00:53:56,680 --> 00:54:00,640 then, bosh, crashing into the Hawaiian archipelago. 643 00:54:00,760 --> 00:54:04,920 And the first thing they come across is your Reef Stars. 644 00:54:35,280 --> 00:54:38,960 It felt like history when we were planting those down there, 645 00:54:39,080 --> 00:54:42,000 and it's also a real test. 646 00:54:43,040 --> 00:54:46,920 Will we be allowed to put more Reef Stars down there? 647 00:54:47,040 --> 00:54:50,720 Will they stay put where we put them? 648 00:55:21,640 --> 00:55:25,440 If we prove concept with these few Reef Stars that we've done, 649 00:55:25,560 --> 00:55:29,720 then we will be allowed to now try a network of them, 650 00:55:29,840 --> 00:55:32,280 how they're designed to work in other parts of the world. 651 00:55:50,360 --> 00:55:51,960 Yeah, good! 652 00:55:52,080 --> 00:55:55,000 - Yeah! - It's been a while. 653 00:55:55,120 --> 00:55:57,640 That went a lot easier than I thought. 654 00:55:57,760 --> 00:56:01,840 Still was a little bit of work, but easier than I thought it was gonna. 655 00:56:02,720 --> 00:56:06,960 These are designed to be something that's permanent, right? 656 00:56:07,560 --> 00:56:09,240 So I think, fine. 657 00:56:10,360 --> 00:56:13,920 But... it's the winter time that we're worried about. 658 00:56:14,440 --> 00:56:16,200 - Yeah. - You know? 659 00:56:19,920 --> 00:56:22,120 Coral reefs are particularly vulnerable 660 00:56:22,240 --> 00:56:24,400 to very small changes in climate. 661 00:56:24,520 --> 00:56:26,720 They become really finely tuned. 662 00:56:26,840 --> 00:56:28,320 And the consequences of that, 663 00:56:28,440 --> 00:56:31,120 they become really vulnerable, they become really vulnerable, 664 00:56:31,240 --> 00:56:33,960 because there only needs to be very slight changes 665 00:56:34,080 --> 00:56:36,120 and the whole system collapses. 666 00:56:41,720 --> 00:56:44,240 When things go a little bit off-kilter, 667 00:56:44,360 --> 00:56:46,760 then it becomes a real dramatic problem. 668 00:56:46,880 --> 00:56:50,680 So, a couple of degrees of heating is catastrophic. 669 00:56:50,800 --> 00:56:52,560 That's what happened in Kenya. 670 00:56:53,360 --> 00:56:55,920 671 00:58:00,000 --> 00:58:02,840 Our people on the ground are members of the community, 672 00:58:02,960 --> 00:58:05,080 and that's really, really important, 673 00:58:05,200 --> 00:58:06,800 and they're on the front line. 674 00:58:08,840 --> 00:58:12,400 What I don't want to do is give false promises to communities. 675 00:58:22,000 --> 00:58:23,800 676 00:58:53,400 --> 00:58:55,960 It is dire. There's no two ways about it. 677 00:58:56,720 --> 00:59:00,760 When resources get so low, life becomes so hard, 678 00:59:00,880 --> 00:59:03,720 then people will resort to anything they need to do 679 00:59:03,840 --> 00:59:05,880 to get what they need to survive. 680 00:59:07,720 --> 00:59:10,160 681 01:00:40,040 --> 01:00:42,640 The restoration had been put in for about a year, 682 01:00:42,760 --> 01:00:44,080 yeah, it was going well. 683 01:00:46,360 --> 01:00:48,280 684 01:01:11,920 --> 01:01:16,840 685 01:01:49,120 --> 01:01:51,840 686 01:02:04,480 --> 01:02:10,400 687 01:02:16,920 --> 01:02:19,480 The message came through from our partners in Lamu, 688 01:02:19,600 --> 01:02:22,560 and just photographs started coming through. 689 01:02:22,680 --> 01:02:24,480 I was like, "Oh my Lord." 690 01:02:25,240 --> 01:02:27,920 The whole reef system's coral bleached, 691 01:02:28,040 --> 01:02:30,760 white reefs, white reefs, white corals, 692 01:02:30,880 --> 01:02:32,160 death of corals, 693 01:02:32,280 --> 01:02:34,840 pretty much on all of the images 694 01:02:34,960 --> 01:02:37,640 in areas that we just did not see coming. 695 01:02:41,720 --> 01:02:43,000 Lamu was a shock. 696 01:03:07,760 --> 01:03:09,800 Three, two, one... 697 01:03:30,400 --> 01:03:34,520 698 01:03:41,680 --> 01:03:43,880 The coral, which is usually full of color, 699 01:03:44,000 --> 01:03:46,520 starts to pale and then go white, 700 01:03:46,640 --> 01:03:49,920 but it basically has lost its way of obtaining food and energy, 701 01:03:50,040 --> 01:03:52,040 so it eventually starves. 702 01:03:52,160 --> 01:03:53,640 And when death happens, 703 01:03:54,240 --> 01:03:57,280 you get other algae and seaweeds 704 01:03:57,400 --> 01:03:59,280 and slimes and all other sorts of stuff 705 01:03:59,400 --> 01:04:01,720 starting to settle on the dead skeleton. 706 01:04:04,400 --> 01:04:06,360 Then you know it's dead. At that point, it's gone. 707 01:04:58,440 --> 01:05:01,760 So some of those really nice ones, the branching acropora's all gone. 708 01:05:01,880 --> 01:05:04,720 Table coral's gone, which is a bit sad. 709 01:05:04,840 --> 01:05:06,600 There was a couple of species, a couple of individuals, 710 01:05:06,720 --> 01:05:09,720 but this is probably what the future is going to look like. 711 01:05:10,800 --> 01:05:14,320 So the question is, is this going to support the biodiversity? 712 01:05:27,880 --> 01:05:31,200 Where we've lost species from other ecosystems, 713 01:05:31,320 --> 01:05:35,080 then that ecosystem becomes much more vulnerable to collapse. 714 01:05:35,200 --> 01:05:39,120 So, the collapse of the oceans, ocean health, 715 01:05:39,240 --> 01:05:42,400 weather patterns, climate, food productivity, 716 01:05:42,520 --> 01:05:43,800 global economics, 717 01:05:43,920 --> 01:05:46,640 it's crazy to even think that we should be at a point 718 01:05:46,760 --> 01:05:50,440 where we're even debating what that would be. 719 01:05:57,560 --> 01:05:59,240 And these have survived. 720 01:05:59,360 --> 01:06:03,320 This other one here, which is the spiky one... 721 01:06:04,680 --> 01:06:06,280 This is an aggressive species, 722 01:06:06,400 --> 01:06:09,800 so when you find it, if it survives, it kind of dominates. 723 01:06:09,920 --> 01:06:11,960 That's why you get those big patches. 724 01:06:12,080 --> 01:06:14,000 We can't look to the past to say, 725 01:06:14,120 --> 01:06:17,280 this is what it was like 20 years ago, we need to put it back, 726 01:06:17,400 --> 01:06:20,040 because the world's a changing place, so... 727 01:06:20,760 --> 01:06:23,720 arguably, maybe the best way forward is to see which survived 728 01:06:23,840 --> 01:06:26,120 and trying to increase their abundance 729 01:06:26,240 --> 01:06:28,000 in areas which won't recover. 730 01:06:28,120 --> 01:06:30,880 What you might find, once we get these corals in, 731 01:06:31,000 --> 01:06:34,440 the system starts to recover and you get other species coming in. 732 01:06:35,080 --> 01:06:37,560 That's not just, "Thank the Lord, the project's saved." 733 01:06:37,680 --> 01:06:39,440 It's like, "What's going on?" 734 01:06:39,560 --> 01:06:41,240 Are there enough of those survivors 735 01:06:41,360 --> 01:06:43,920 to be able to put onto restoration effort? 736 01:06:44,040 --> 01:06:47,200 And if we do so, what will the shape of the reef look like? 737 01:06:57,680 --> 01:07:00,200 We were so close. We had our stars ready to go. 738 01:07:00,320 --> 01:07:02,680 We thought the permits were going to come right in. 739 01:07:02,800 --> 01:07:05,280 We sized up the stars. We took them down onto the water. 740 01:07:05,400 --> 01:07:08,520 We got them set up and we thought we'd be off to the races, 741 01:07:08,640 --> 01:07:14,920 but we had to pull the stars out, and now we've been... waiting. 742 01:07:20,120 --> 01:07:23,320 Corals have been around for so long. 743 01:07:25,000 --> 01:07:29,600 It would be devastating to learn that we humans 744 01:07:29,720 --> 01:07:32,840 were the reason, were the one thing they couldn't handle. 745 01:07:40,520 --> 01:07:43,920 So I guess we just grab that one off the line. 746 01:07:44,040 --> 01:07:45,880 It's like 15 feet, 20 feet. 747 01:07:46,760 --> 01:07:48,960 And then, if we're doing all three... 748 01:07:57,520 --> 01:08:00,560 If the problem, either now or foreseen in the future, 749 01:08:00,680 --> 01:08:02,000 is as big as we think, 750 01:08:02,120 --> 01:08:05,160 we need to start finding solutions yesterday. 751 01:08:18,440 --> 01:08:20,920 I really understand the importance of permitting. 752 01:08:22,520 --> 01:08:24,920 But it's incredibly frustrating, 753 01:08:25,040 --> 01:08:29,960 and I think even more frustrating when you remember that, actually, 754 01:08:30,080 --> 01:08:33,360 Kuleana is the Hawaiian community. 755 01:08:33,480 --> 01:08:36,720 It's not an external organization agency. 756 01:08:36,840 --> 01:08:38,960 These are people within the community. 757 01:08:41,840 --> 01:08:45,400 They just want to get on and rebuild the reefs 758 01:08:45,520 --> 01:08:48,400 that they've been fishing on and utilizing for years. 759 01:09:10,200 --> 01:09:11,720 Now we take them home. 760 01:09:26,480 --> 01:09:29,040 How do we get to get the approvals 761 01:09:29,160 --> 01:09:31,440 that maybe other entities would get quicker? 762 01:09:31,560 --> 01:09:34,720 Because if I can find out what that is, I'll do it, right? 763 01:09:36,040 --> 01:09:37,280 We have this gap. 764 01:09:37,400 --> 01:09:39,640 We are not allowed to implement a solution. 765 01:09:39,760 --> 01:09:42,680 And as someone from Hawaiʻi, born and raised here, 766 01:09:42,800 --> 01:09:45,280 that is a huge frustration, right, it's, um... 767 01:09:45,400 --> 01:09:51,520 How do we earn that right and trust to take care of our own resources? 768 01:09:51,640 --> 01:09:53,480 I don't know the answer. 769 01:09:54,840 --> 01:09:58,360 But I would like to learn and I'm willing to do whatever it takes. 770 01:10:02,280 --> 01:10:04,080 Just pray for open-mindedness. 771 01:10:04,200 --> 01:10:06,800 At the end of the day, that's all we can do, 772 01:10:06,920 --> 01:10:10,560 is that we are able to soften their hearts and open their minds 773 01:10:10,680 --> 01:10:13,560 and that they can see that this is possible 774 01:10:13,680 --> 01:10:16,280 and that it will work here in Hawaiʻi. 775 01:10:17,680 --> 01:10:21,360 Yeah. Well, I'm hopeful. I'm hopeful that we'll get those permits 776 01:10:21,480 --> 01:10:24,280 and that they'll allow us to install them correctly. 777 01:10:28,000 --> 01:10:30,040 If we can just show 778 01:10:30,160 --> 01:10:32,400 that, you know, people without PhDs 779 01:10:32,520 --> 01:10:35,880 are out there in the world making a difference... 780 01:10:36,680 --> 01:10:38,080 you know, why not us? 781 01:11:07,920 --> 01:11:10,080 It's devastating to see 782 01:11:10,200 --> 01:11:13,360 something that you grew not survive. 783 01:11:16,640 --> 01:11:18,360 There are no options left, 784 01:11:19,120 --> 01:11:23,280 apart from trying your very best to find a solution that's going to work. 785 01:11:23,400 --> 01:11:26,320 So, just because you've fallen over once, 786 01:11:26,440 --> 01:11:29,720 it doesn't mean you can't get back up and keep on going. 787 01:11:32,200 --> 01:11:35,680 Because I think we all deeply believe that... 788 01:11:36,840 --> 01:11:40,000 all our options have not been tried yet. 789 01:11:41,560 --> 01:11:44,040 We don't do devastating. 790 01:11:44,640 --> 01:11:46,720 We don't. 791 01:11:50,840 --> 01:11:52,880 Let's work and try and find a solution here, 792 01:11:53,000 --> 01:11:55,280 and let's go on, let's move forward. 793 01:11:58,120 --> 01:11:59,640 There's a new challenge, 794 01:11:59,760 --> 01:12:02,440 but it's a new opportunity to find a solution. 795 01:12:02,560 --> 01:12:05,200 So, you get geared up again and all the teams up and say, 796 01:12:05,320 --> 01:12:07,480 "Right, we have another way forward here." 797 01:12:17,280 --> 01:12:19,120 798 01:13:14,720 --> 01:13:20,680 799 01:13:49,760 --> 01:13:52,000 The vision is that any island community 800 01:13:52,120 --> 01:13:55,480 will have the tools and the access to be able to rebuild 801 01:13:55,600 --> 01:13:57,720 the reefs that are damaged and not recovering, 802 01:13:57,840 --> 01:14:00,000 and that becomes part of the natural behavior, 803 01:14:00,120 --> 01:14:02,120 just as you would if you were farming the land 804 01:14:02,240 --> 01:14:04,080 and there was some damage, you repair your land. 805 01:14:04,200 --> 01:14:05,440 You should repair your ocean 806 01:14:05,560 --> 01:14:08,360 and provide communities with the tools to do that. 807 01:14:13,680 --> 01:14:16,920 We cannot go and restore all reefs on our own. 808 01:14:17,440 --> 01:14:18,800 It's impossible. 809 01:14:18,920 --> 01:14:22,520 Really, what you need to do is empower thousands of people, 810 01:14:22,640 --> 01:14:25,520 thousands of communities, if not tens of thousands, 811 01:14:25,640 --> 01:14:28,400 to rebuild and restore reefs in their own backyard, 812 01:14:28,520 --> 01:14:32,360 and then you'll start to see the tide turning for reefs. 813 01:14:32,480 --> 01:14:34,880 That's where you'll really start to get to scale, 814 01:14:35,000 --> 01:14:37,760 when you've got those thousands of communities doing 815 01:14:37,880 --> 01:14:40,520 what we do at a scale which is relevant 816 01:14:40,640 --> 01:14:43,280 to the reefs on which they depend upon, 817 01:14:43,400 --> 01:14:46,520 and that's our process, that's the Sheba Hope Grows program. 818 01:16:15,040 --> 01:16:17,960 Good night, see you and love you, and leave you.