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(gentle music)

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Downloaded from
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Official YIFY movies site:
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- Preserve, protect and defend.

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- Preserve, protect and defend.

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- The Constitution
of the United States.

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- The Constitution
of the United States.

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- So help me God.
- So help me God.

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- Congratulations Mr. Trump.

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- Problems of our democracy
predate Donald Trump,

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and they will go on
long after he's gone

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from the political state.

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- They want everybody to vote.

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I don't want everybody to vote.

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Elections are not won
by a majority of people.

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They never have been from
the beginning of our country,

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and they are not now

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As a matter of fact, our
leverage in the elections,

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quite candidly goes up as the
voting populace goes down.

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- The base of the
Republican party now

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does not believe in
elections or democracy.

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- That we are in the process

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of the Second
American Revolution,

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which will remain bloodless
if the left allows it to be.

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- Why is it that we are
running our government

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on a constitution that is
like 200 plus years old?

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and it's truly possible for
us to demand something better?

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And I think that is
my dream for one day,

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my friends to understand that
we do not have to be content

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with the systems
that we have now.

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We can fight right now to ensure

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that we protect our
current freedoms

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and that we can fix the
current flaws in our democracy,

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but also we can reimagine
something better.

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- We have problems obviously,

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there would not be so
many discontented people

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in the country if we
didn't have problems,

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but they're not being
articulated as problems in a way

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that would allow
us to solve them.

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- [Announcer] America
is a beautiful country

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from sea to shining sea, the
farmlands, the mountains,

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the cities, and
especially its people.

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(gentle music)

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But what exactly is democracy
and how do we define it?

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- I think of democracy as
a collective experience

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and responsibility that
people in society have.

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And I think of it
as an expression

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of we and we consciousness.

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How can we come together
to serve the common good?

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- Democracy, I think
is related to the idea,

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to the belief that human
beings are of infinite value.

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And that the best circumstances
for the sacredness

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of the human person
to be acknowledged

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and to be expressed by them

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is a situation in which
people are equal and free.

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- I see democracy as a
political, social, economic goal

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that we have not accomplished,

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but we're in America,
we're evolving towards it,

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and hopefully the world
is evolving towards it.

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And is guided by a philosophical
and spiritual principle,

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which I would of use the
South African word abuntu,

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which is where I am a person,
because you are a person

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and it's about equality.

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And we're aiming towards
equality where people,

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we respect each other
and everybody has a voice

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in how we organize ourselves.

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- Democracy is a
system where each of us

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are able to develop our lives

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with as much freedom as possible

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and with as much
satisfaction as possible.

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- A true democratic
system is one in which

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we should be able constantly
to make our own decisions

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and to refine those decisions
through an endless process

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of engagement not once every
four years or for that matter,

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once every two years, but
every day if we want to.

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- So we define a just democracy
for all as a democracy

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where we truly have a
just electoral process,

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a just electoral system
where no one's right to vote

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is being taken away.

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Where there aren't
archaic rules in place

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making it harder
for young people,

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for people of color to
exercise their rights.

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And we believe a truly just
democracy is a democracy

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where it's people first
and not billionaires

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and not corporate
money, you know,

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flooding our electoral system.

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- [Announcer] This is
where US democracy began.

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Independence Hall
in Philadelphia,

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the founding fathers
gather in this room

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where they wrote a document,

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the Declaration of Independence,
which had the immortal

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and radical words, all
men are created equal.

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These words were crafted by
this man, Thomas Jefferson.

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This was a time of high ideals

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where the framers felt
they were creating

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a new form of government.

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(gentle music)

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And from these ideals
came the US Constitution

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based on liberty for all.

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(gentle music)

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An ideal that still
captivates the world.

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Yet the framers
borrow these ideas

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from another group of people.

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(ritual music)

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- Roots of modern
democracy are indigenous,

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and in fact they come,
the roots of democracy

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lead you directly to the
Haudenosaunee Confederacy.

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The Haudenosaunee are a
confederacy of six nations,

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and our territories span from
as far as Montreal, Quebec.

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And over to Green
Bay, Wisconsin.

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The world that George
Washington, Ben Franklin,

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Thomas Jefferson, the
world they lived in

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and interacted with was
incredibly indigenous.

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Ben Franklin spent a
considerable amount of time

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studying the form of governance
of the Haudenosaunee,

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of other indigenous nations in
recognizing the relationship

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that the founding fathers
had with the Haudenosaunee.

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I think in some cases
there were friendships

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that were formed, and in some
cases there was real respect

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because they were able
to see that the voices

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of multiple nations,
multiple groups

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that we call clan families,
we're all represented,

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that they could come
together and make decisions

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and come to a consensus and
be able to represent the voice

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and interests of all
various groups of people

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from different nations.

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And that really,
really just struck them

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because they were able
to do it peacefully.

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And that was something
that they wanted, right?

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So right within the preamble
of the Constitution,

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you can see that there's
a lot of this discussion

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about the nature of human beings

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and the rights of human
beings, natural rights.

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And this is what they saw
among the Haudenosaunee.

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- If the founding
fathers were inspired

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to create a democracy
by the Haudenosaunee,

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the people with the
oldest democracy on earth,

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where did things go wrong
for the American people?

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- America was not really
conceived in this notion

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that I just talked about of
representative democracy.

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It was a group of
aristocrats who wanted

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to sort of keep democracy
pinned down a little bit.

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They used various structures
to make sure that for example,

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only white landowners
would be able to vote.

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They wanted to keep
an excess of democracy

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away from the decisions that
were made by the government.

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- What democracy is
supposed to be obviously

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is ruled by the people.

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That's what it means.

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But what we see in the
systems that are described

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as democracy is
something very different

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because these systems weren't
designed for democracy.

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Centralized, hierarchical
political systems

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are not well suited
to rule by the people.

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And in fact, even in
post-revolutionary systems,

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like in the US, we
see how elite powers

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really retained their
modes of governance

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and gave as little
away as they could.

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They allowed people to
vote every four years

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or in my country
every five years.

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But having voted you
are then dispensed with.

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That's it, you've done your
job as a democratic citizen.

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Now leave it to us.

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- What did the founding
Fathers leave out, right?

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Well, they left out
women, they left out

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all people of color,
and they left out life

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and future generations.

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None of those other
beings of life

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were included in
the US Constitution.

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In fact, the US
Constitution privileged

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one group of people,
and that is white men.

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White men who are landowners.

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And so by privileging one group

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that left out the
voices of all people.

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So there truly is not
representation of the people

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in the formation of
the US Constitution.

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- [Presenter] Another
issue for the United States

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in the first half
of the 19th century

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was the problem of
slavery, of human bondage.

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- There's a principle
that everyone in society

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can equally participate
in whatever are the rules,

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regulations, benefits,
privileges of that society

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in an equal manner.

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And then there's a
manifestation of democracy,

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which means how does that
aspiration become real life

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to the everyday person?

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That's where the problem lies.

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Because democracy
manifested is not equal,

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does not ensure that
everybody has equal chances

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to move up society's
level, to do whatever it is

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that their heart
or spirit desires.

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So there's always going
to be that conflict

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between all men
are created equal.

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When folks like me say,
yeah, right, you know?

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That that's not the
case on the real world.

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- [Presenter] In 1860,
the US fought a civil war

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over the problem of slavery.

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The Civil War ended in 1865
with the slaves becoming free.

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This began the period
of reconstruction

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commencing with the
reconstruction amendments.

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- The reconstruction amendments
were those amendments

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enacted after the Civil War,

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and they formerly
abolished slavery.

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They put equal protection
regardless of race

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into the constitution.

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They put an entitlement
to due process

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into the constitution.

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They specified that people
should not experience

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racial discrimination
when they try to vote.

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All of these constitutional
commitments to equality,

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to a multiracial, functioning,
inclusive democracy.

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None of that was actually
in the Constitution before.

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And so the reconstruction
amendments effectuated

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a sweeping fundamental change.

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And I think that the
purpose of the constitution

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and the purpose of our
constitutional interpretation

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should be to
implement that change.

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- Union wins the war, we
going to reconstruction.

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But here's the
flip side of that.

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As people were free, they
went kind of from slavery

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to a sharecropping system that
tied them back to the land.

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That laws were passed so
that if you did something

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that was an infraction,
you went on the chain gang.

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Where did you go to work?

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The same plantations that you
used to work at beforehand.

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(quirky music)

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(quirky music continues)

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(quirky music continues)

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(dramatic music)

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- [Reporter] The world's richest

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and supposedly soundest
economy perished

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and small business was strangled
by the Great Depression.

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The unemployed
numbered 15 million.

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There were bread
lines, soup kitchens,

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and street corner apple sellers.

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The rhythm of Ragtime had
become a funeral dirge.

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The corpse of prosperity
was abroad in the land.

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In 1932, America
sought new leadership

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as the panacea for
all its tropes.

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Franklin Roosevelt
promised a new deal

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for the American people.

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- It's preeminently the
time to speak the truth,

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the whole truth,
frankly and boldly.

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Nor need we shrink

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from honestly facing conditions
in our country today.

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This great nation will
endure as it has endured,

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will revive and will prosper.

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Restoration calls however, not
for changes in ethics alone,

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this nation is asking for
action and action now.

250
00:15:58,356 --> 00:16:00,225
- Franklin Roosevelt ushered
in a number of reforms

251
00:16:00,225 --> 00:16:05,565
after the new deal, increasing
taxes on the wealthy

252
00:16:06,699 --> 00:16:11,136
and corporations putting in
safeguards to over speculation,

253
00:16:12,071 --> 00:16:14,272
inventing the Securities
and Exchange Commissions

254
00:16:14,272 --> 00:16:19,579
so that Wall Street fraud would
be tamped down and you know,

255
00:16:20,580 --> 00:16:24,950
and also increased antitrust
enforcement to make sure

256
00:16:24,950 --> 00:16:27,052
that monopolies
weren't running rampant

257
00:16:27,052 --> 00:16:28,386
in the United States.

258
00:16:28,386 --> 00:16:31,790
And after the war, after
the (indistinct) spending

259
00:16:31,790 --> 00:16:37,129
of World War II, this produced
really salutary situation

260
00:16:39,264 --> 00:16:40,666
in the United States.

261
00:16:40,666 --> 00:16:45,738
So we had rising living
standards for the middle class

262
00:16:46,706 --> 00:16:52,077
and without runaway
compensation and benefits

263
00:16:52,845 --> 00:16:55,247
for the upper class,
for the CEO class.

264
00:16:55,247 --> 00:17:00,553
The ratio between CEO pay and
worker pay actually shrunk

265
00:17:01,020 --> 00:17:02,054
in that period.

266
00:17:02,054 --> 00:17:05,925
And this is from
about 1946 to 1973.

267
00:17:05,925 --> 00:17:10,162
And we had a thriving middle
class in this country.

268
00:17:10,162 --> 00:17:13,899
There was a cleavage that
incurred starting in 1979,

269
00:17:13,899 --> 00:17:18,403
and that has never
gotten back to parody.

270
00:17:18,403 --> 00:17:22,340
Since 1979 we've seen
productivity go way, way up,

271
00:17:22,340 --> 00:17:25,277
and worker pay has
largely stagnated.

272
00:17:25,277 --> 00:17:28,113
(upbeat music)

273
00:17:31,450 --> 00:17:32,851
- For years.

274
00:17:34,787 --> 00:17:38,323
For years I've asked that we
stop pushing onto our children,

275
00:17:38,323 --> 00:17:40,192
the excesses of our government.

276
00:17:40,192 --> 00:17:42,628
- I remember Reagan's
election brings about

277
00:17:42,628 --> 00:17:47,967
massive tax cuts, huge
deregulation, a dissolution

278
00:17:49,802 --> 00:17:53,371
or the beginnings of an
erosion of the separation

279
00:17:53,371 --> 00:17:54,873
of church and state.

280
00:17:55,741 --> 00:18:00,479
And you have an economic
and social backlash

281
00:18:00,479 --> 00:18:03,816
to the New Deal, great society

282
00:18:03,816 --> 00:18:08,520
and the kind of social
changes of the '60's.

283
00:18:08,520 --> 00:18:11,223
And so that's really
when it starts,

284
00:18:11,223 --> 00:18:14,727
Democrats certainly
enabled it with, you know,

285
00:18:14,727 --> 00:18:18,363
what has been, you know,
now known as neoliberalism.

286
00:18:18,363 --> 00:18:21,533
And so you have
Clinton coming in

287
00:18:21,533 --> 00:18:25,304
and really scoring a
major political victory.

288
00:18:25,304 --> 00:18:30,208
And that seemed like a winning
strategy for Democrats.

289
00:18:30,208 --> 00:18:33,846
And so Democrats kind
of started taking it

290
00:18:34,680 --> 00:18:38,684
very far to really
accelerate deregulation,

291
00:18:38,684 --> 00:18:42,354
particularly of Wall Street
and financial regulation

292
00:18:42,354 --> 00:18:47,693
because, you know, they were
starting to get donations

293
00:18:48,327 --> 00:18:50,428
from wealthy Wall Street figures

294
00:18:50,428 --> 00:18:54,033
who had been historically
funding Republicans.

295
00:18:54,033 --> 00:18:56,869
(upbeat music)

296
00:19:04,543 --> 00:19:08,480
(singer singing in Spanish)

297
00:19:34,539 --> 00:19:39,411
(singer singing in
Spanish continues)

298
00:19:48,754 --> 00:19:52,391
- But after World War II,
and actually during the war

299
00:19:52,391 --> 00:19:57,129
and after the war, the
gap between the wealthiest

300
00:19:57,129 --> 00:20:01,600
and the average person
was rather narrow.

301
00:20:01,600 --> 00:20:05,804
After 1980 or so, that
balance was destroyed.

302
00:20:05,804 --> 00:20:09,574
And the key element of
destruction was the deregulation

303
00:20:09,574 --> 00:20:10,943
of Wall Street.

304
00:20:10,943 --> 00:20:15,247
Basically, Wall Street was
tightly, tightly controlled

305
00:20:15,247 --> 00:20:17,950
from 1933 all the way to 1980.

306
00:20:17,950 --> 00:20:20,285
And once that
deregulation started,

307
00:20:20,285 --> 00:20:23,355
that's when we saw
a massive increase

308
00:20:23,355 --> 00:20:25,390
in inequality in this country.

309
00:20:25,390 --> 00:20:28,427
There were 13
billionaires in 1980,

310
00:20:28,427 --> 00:20:31,063
and now they're 783.

311
00:20:31,063 --> 00:20:35,234
So there was an explosion
of money rushing to the top,

312
00:20:35,234 --> 00:20:37,436
and at the same time,
the standard of living

313
00:20:37,436 --> 00:20:39,537
of the average worker stalled

314
00:20:39,537 --> 00:20:41,706
and actually went
down a little bit.

315
00:20:41,706 --> 00:20:44,576
So the gap became obscene.

316
00:20:44,576 --> 00:20:48,346
With money rushing to
the top, it's inevitable

317
00:20:48,346 --> 00:20:51,683
that both political
parties would scramble

318
00:20:51,683 --> 00:20:53,085
to get that money.

319
00:20:53,085 --> 00:20:55,553
And they started competing
against each other

320
00:20:55,553 --> 00:20:58,891
about who's gonna placate
Wall Street better,

321
00:20:58,891 --> 00:21:00,759
who's gonna give them more,
who's gonna deregulate the more.

322
00:21:00,759 --> 00:21:05,063
- It was a value assigned
to altruism that has been

323
00:21:05,063 --> 00:21:08,867
displaced by the value
that was assigned to greed,

324
00:21:08,867 --> 00:21:11,703
you know, that was
assigned to gilding and,

325
00:21:11,703 --> 00:21:15,073
you know, building a tower
in the middle of a city

326
00:21:15,073 --> 00:21:16,976
and all the rest
of it, you know.

327
00:21:18,177 --> 00:21:22,481
People actually persuaded
themselves that greed is good,

328
00:21:22,481 --> 00:21:24,249
that it adds wealth.

329
00:21:24,249 --> 00:21:27,252
In fact, it adds
distortion, you know?

330
00:21:27,252 --> 00:21:29,855
I think we've been
sold even the idea

331
00:21:29,855 --> 00:21:32,724
that we're competing
for money, you know?

332
00:21:32,724 --> 00:21:36,128
And I think that part of the
dislocation in the culture

333
00:21:36,128 --> 00:21:38,563
is that there's some
people that are prospering

334
00:21:38,563 --> 00:21:41,333
and other people who feel
that they're less prosperous.

335
00:21:41,333 --> 00:21:45,770
- So Bill Clinton made
his final sort of gestures

336
00:21:45,770 --> 00:21:48,473
to the American legacy and,
you know, the economic legacy

337
00:21:48,473 --> 00:21:50,943
he would leave behind
in America, you know,

338
00:21:50,943 --> 00:21:54,847
he got with the banks,
under pressure by Citibank

339
00:21:54,847 --> 00:21:57,082
and really all his
friends on Wall Street

340
00:21:57,082 --> 00:21:58,984
who he had never gone against

341
00:21:58,984 --> 00:22:00,585
and had only pretty much
faithfully supported

342
00:22:00,585 --> 00:22:02,187
throughout his presidency.

343
00:22:02,187 --> 00:22:05,824
He gave a final
gift by repealing,

344
00:22:05,824 --> 00:22:08,760
by signing the act to
repeal Glass-Steagall

345
00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:12,697
and allow banks to begin
the process of investing

346
00:22:12,697 --> 00:22:16,201
and risking the public's,
the people's money

347
00:22:16,201 --> 00:22:19,504
in ways that they have
been outlawed and forbidden

348
00:22:19,504 --> 00:22:20,772
from doing for decades.

349
00:22:20,772 --> 00:22:23,842
He allowed the financiers
to really essentially

350
00:22:23,842 --> 00:22:28,881
put in motion the takeover of
the American economic system

351
00:22:31,316 --> 00:22:36,355
by the economic
elite, by the 1%.

352
00:22:36,355 --> 00:22:37,722
Glass-Steagall was
one part of that

353
00:22:37,722 --> 00:22:40,359
that led to the housing
boom when the house of cards

354
00:22:40,359 --> 00:22:43,562
came crashing down and
the casino went bust

355
00:22:43,562 --> 00:22:46,798
and the housing market
went boom and bust

356
00:22:46,798 --> 00:22:49,801
and the people lost their
homes and pensions and savings,

357
00:22:49,801 --> 00:22:51,636
millions and millions of people

358
00:22:51,636 --> 00:22:54,206
and an entire generation
really wrecked.

359
00:22:54,206 --> 00:22:55,673
- How the hell it happened

360
00:22:55,673 --> 00:22:59,311
that we could have the
greatest financial cataclysm

361
00:22:59,311 --> 00:23:03,715
since the Great Depression and
uncover plenty of wrongdoing

362
00:23:03,715 --> 00:23:06,618
and no top banker from any

363
00:23:06,618 --> 00:23:08,987
of the major
financial institutions

364
00:23:08,987 --> 00:23:10,688
that were involved
in it'd go to prison.

365
00:23:10,688 --> 00:23:12,357
How could that possibly be?

366
00:23:12,357 --> 00:23:16,761
And again, that was a
catastrophic mistake

367
00:23:16,761 --> 00:23:21,100
because what we ended up
doing is teaching elites,

368
00:23:22,200 --> 00:23:27,406
wealthy elites that they could
blow up the global economy.

369
00:23:28,473 --> 00:23:32,377
Immiserate millions, have
millions of people thrown out

370
00:23:32,377 --> 00:23:34,980
of their homes and their jobs

371
00:23:34,980 --> 00:23:39,751
and really pay no consequences.

372
00:23:39,751 --> 00:23:44,323
And that's a terrible lesson
for average Americans.

373
00:23:44,323 --> 00:23:48,360
And it's, I think at
one of the key elements

374
00:23:48,360 --> 00:23:52,097
for why people are so angry
about American society today.

375
00:23:52,097 --> 00:23:55,334
- Nobody went to jail, not a
single high level executive.

376
00:23:55,334 --> 00:23:56,935
And when the public
saw the billions

377
00:23:56,935 --> 00:23:59,771
that they got in the bailouts
to the banks and no bailout

378
00:23:59,771 --> 00:24:04,343
to the people it initiated
and brought to...

379
00:24:04,343 --> 00:24:06,378
It crystallized the public anger

380
00:24:06,378 --> 00:24:11,016
that we had been, that
we, the 99% of Americans

381
00:24:11,016 --> 00:24:13,452
had been feeling since
the financial crash.

382
00:24:13,452 --> 00:24:17,990
And with that slogan, the 99%
was born the Occupy movement,

383
00:24:17,990 --> 00:24:21,526
which was a direct response
to the Obama bailouts

384
00:24:21,526 --> 00:24:22,727
of the banks.

385
00:24:22,727 --> 00:24:26,531
Occupy was rather a
spontaneous uprising.

386
00:24:26,531 --> 00:24:30,169
It was, it's incredible
looking back on it now

387
00:24:30,169 --> 00:24:32,304
because we're in such a
different political environment,

388
00:24:32,304 --> 00:24:36,741
occupy erupted overnight and
it had a global visibility

389
00:24:36,741 --> 00:24:41,513
and it really, I think blew
the public away at its outset,

390
00:24:41,513 --> 00:24:43,848
which is why it was so
popular immediately.

391
00:24:43,848 --> 00:24:46,718
Activists had gotten out
in front of politicians.

392
00:24:46,718 --> 00:24:49,121
Activists, people in the
street, young people, students,

393
00:24:49,121 --> 00:24:50,722
the unemployed, regular workers,

394
00:24:50,722 --> 00:24:53,992
union workers had
bellowed the alarm

395
00:24:53,992 --> 00:24:57,095
had said there is inequality
and there is injustice

396
00:24:57,095 --> 00:24:58,830
in this degree of inequality.

397
00:24:58,830 --> 00:25:01,433
- And what does
that do to a public

398
00:25:01,433 --> 00:25:06,771
that sees this sort of lack
of accountability in society?

399
00:25:07,572 --> 00:25:09,841
It pushes people
toward other solutions.

400
00:25:09,841 --> 00:25:12,211
They don't see
that the normal way

401
00:25:12,211 --> 00:25:15,313
in which government operates
is working for them.

402
00:25:15,313 --> 00:25:19,384
And so they are much more
attracted to demagogues

403
00:25:19,384 --> 00:25:22,221
to people who say,
I can fix this.

404
00:25:22,221 --> 00:25:26,858
I am the one who knows how
to get around these ideas.

405
00:25:26,858 --> 00:25:29,228
- The big question is why
would working class people

406
00:25:29,228 --> 00:25:32,297
given their economic
instability, given the things

407
00:25:32,297 --> 00:25:34,999
that Roosevelt said
about what people need,

408
00:25:34,999 --> 00:25:38,103
why would they gravitate
towards authoritarians?

409
00:25:38,870 --> 00:25:40,705
I think mostly they're
not gravitating

410
00:25:40,705 --> 00:25:44,743
towards authoritarians,
they're gravitating away

411
00:25:44,743 --> 00:25:47,179
from the political system
and they're making room

412
00:25:47,179 --> 00:25:48,646
for authoritarians.

413
00:25:48,646 --> 00:25:52,284
That figure of only 16% of
people trusting the government.

414
00:25:52,284 --> 00:25:57,256
That's the result of, you
know, a generation or two

415
00:25:57,256 --> 00:26:00,959
of incredible job
instability, mass layoffs

416
00:26:00,959 --> 00:26:02,994
and Wall Street ripoffs.

417
00:26:02,994 --> 00:26:06,064
I mean, if government
can't protect you

418
00:26:06,064 --> 00:26:07,466
and doesn't wanna protect you,

419
00:26:07,466 --> 00:26:10,034
and it looks like all the
politicians except for a few

420
00:26:10,034 --> 00:26:13,305
are in it for
themselves, you withdraw.

421
00:26:13,305 --> 00:26:15,073
There's almost like an industry

422
00:26:16,108 --> 00:26:18,076
blame the white working class
for the ills of society.

423
00:26:18,076 --> 00:26:20,545
Mike Luxe, who's a
pollster, does a lot of work

424
00:26:20,545 --> 00:26:21,746
for the Democratic Party,

425
00:26:21,746 --> 00:26:25,584
did an excellent study
called Factory Town.

426
00:26:25,584 --> 00:26:27,185
And his conclusion was,

427
00:26:28,320 --> 00:26:31,923
these working class folks
in these rural areas

428
00:26:31,923 --> 00:26:35,294
wouldn't care all that
much about this woke stuff

429
00:26:35,294 --> 00:26:38,597
if the Democrats only gave
a damn about the economy.

430
00:26:38,597 --> 00:26:41,866
- And then you had Trump,
who here was someone

431
00:26:41,866 --> 00:26:44,636
who was perceived
as a truth teller,

432
00:26:44,636 --> 00:26:46,305
a guy who was gonna
tell it like it is.

433
00:26:46,305 --> 00:26:48,906
We all know that that's
complete bullshit.

434
00:26:48,906 --> 00:26:50,842
But he did wanna blow things up

435
00:26:50,842 --> 00:26:52,444
and people wanted
to blow things up

436
00:26:52,444 --> 00:26:53,945
and people were really furious.

437
00:26:53,945 --> 00:26:55,413
- And what
neoliberalism has done

438
00:26:55,413 --> 00:26:58,517
is to hollow out
politics even further

439
00:26:58,517 --> 00:27:01,353
to ensure that our
political decisions count

440
00:27:01,353 --> 00:27:04,789
for even less than
they did before,

441
00:27:04,789 --> 00:27:09,127
until the whole system
feels pointless.

442
00:27:09,127 --> 00:27:12,597
And when parties converge
around their positions

443
00:27:12,597 --> 00:27:15,634
and when they are not
solving your problems

444
00:27:15,634 --> 00:27:17,302
and offering very little,

445
00:27:17,302 --> 00:27:19,237
then there's a very
strong temptation

446
00:27:19,237 --> 00:27:21,873
to kick the whole cart over.

447
00:27:21,873 --> 00:27:25,009
And so when someone like Donald
Trump comes along and says,

448
00:27:25,009 --> 00:27:27,279
I'm gonna kick the cart
over, people say, yeah,

449
00:27:27,279 --> 00:27:30,081
he's going to
destroy that system

450
00:27:30,081 --> 00:27:32,184
from which we are excluded.

451
00:27:32,184 --> 00:27:34,286
That's why we're
gonna vote for him.

452
00:27:35,153 --> 00:27:38,557
- Our movement is about
replacing he failed

453
00:27:38,557 --> 00:27:41,726
and corrupt political
establishment

454
00:27:41,726 --> 00:27:44,496
with a new government
controlled by you,

455
00:27:44,496 --> 00:27:46,097
the American people.

456
00:27:47,165 --> 00:27:51,303
The establishment has
trillions of dollars at stake

457
00:27:51,303 --> 00:27:52,737
in this election.

458
00:27:52,737 --> 00:27:55,374
For those who control the
levers of power in Washington

459
00:27:55,374 --> 00:27:57,742
and for the global
special interest,

460
00:27:57,742 --> 00:28:02,146
they partner with these people
that don't have your good

461
00:28:02,146 --> 00:28:03,548
in mind.

462
00:28:03,548 --> 00:28:07,285
The political establishment
that is trying to stop us

463
00:28:07,285 --> 00:28:11,189
is the same group responsible
for our disastrous

464
00:28:11,189 --> 00:28:14,559
trade deals, massive
illegal immigration

465
00:28:14,559 --> 00:28:17,295
and economic and
foreign policies

466
00:28:17,295 --> 00:28:21,266
that have bled our country dry.

467
00:28:21,266 --> 00:28:24,135
The political establishment
has brought about

468
00:28:24,135 --> 00:28:27,138
the destruction of our factories

469
00:28:27,138 --> 00:28:31,443
and our jobs as they
flee to Mexico, China,

470
00:28:31,443 --> 00:28:34,078
and other countries
all around the world.

471
00:28:34,078 --> 00:28:37,449
It's a global power
structure that is responsible

472
00:28:37,449 --> 00:28:39,384
for the economic decisions

473
00:28:39,384 --> 00:28:41,853
that have robbed
our working class,

474
00:28:41,853 --> 00:28:44,322
stripped our country
of its wealth,

475
00:28:44,322 --> 00:28:46,391
and put that money
into the pockets

476
00:28:46,391 --> 00:28:51,596
of a handful of large
corporations and
political entities.

477
00:28:52,664 --> 00:28:57,736
The only thing that can stop
this corrupt machine is you.

478
00:28:59,504 --> 00:29:04,276
The only force strong enough
to save our country is us.

479
00:29:05,076 --> 00:29:07,479
The only people brave
enough to vote out

480
00:29:07,479 --> 00:29:11,082
this corrupt establishment
is you the American people.

481
00:29:11,082 --> 00:29:12,417
(crowd cheers)

482
00:29:12,417 --> 00:29:17,255
I'm doing this for the
people and for the movement.

483
00:29:18,089 --> 00:29:20,659
And we will take back
this country for you

484
00:29:20,659 --> 00:29:22,894
and we will make
America great again.

485
00:29:23,628 --> 00:29:26,465
(crowd cheers)

486
00:29:27,732 --> 00:29:30,568
I'm Donald Trump and I
approve this message.

487
00:29:31,636 --> 00:29:37,008
- Economic inequality reads
massive political inequality

488
00:29:37,742 --> 00:29:40,578
and that threatens
the ability for us

489
00:29:40,578 --> 00:29:42,046
to lead fulfilling lives.

490
00:29:42,046 --> 00:29:43,181
From what's really going on,

491
00:29:43,181 --> 00:29:46,451
which is this vast
amount of inequality

492
00:29:46,451 --> 00:29:49,488
and the way that
inequality is created,

493
00:29:49,488 --> 00:29:51,990
it's created on the
backs of workers.

494
00:29:51,990 --> 00:29:54,025
And one of the best
ways to understand it

495
00:29:54,025 --> 00:29:55,927
is through stock buybacks.

496
00:29:55,927 --> 00:30:00,031
A stock buyback is when a
corporation takes its own funds,

497
00:30:00,031 --> 00:30:03,435
goes into the marketplace,
buys back its own shares,

498
00:30:03,435 --> 00:30:06,004
and by doing so, the
price of the shares go up.

499
00:30:06,004 --> 00:30:08,840
It's a blatant form
of stock manipulation

500
00:30:08,840 --> 00:30:12,176
and that's what it was
called before 1982.

501
00:30:12,176 --> 00:30:16,815
There was a cap, you couldn't
do this with more than 2%

502
00:30:16,815 --> 00:30:18,483
of a corporation's profits.

503
00:30:18,483 --> 00:30:20,117
They took the lid off of that.

504
00:30:20,117 --> 00:30:25,457
So now up to 70% of corporate
profits go to stock buybacks.

505
00:30:26,891 --> 00:30:28,192
By some estimates.

506
00:30:28,192 --> 00:30:30,595
And there are hundreds
of corporations

507
00:30:30,595 --> 00:30:33,097
that spend more than a
100% of their profits

508
00:30:33,097 --> 00:30:36,000
on stock buybacks,
they borrow money

509
00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:38,503
and then use it
for stock buybacks.

510
00:30:38,503 --> 00:30:39,804
Well, why?

511
00:30:39,804 --> 00:30:43,908
Well CEOs now get about
85% of their income

512
00:30:43,908 --> 00:30:45,477
in stock incentives.

513
00:30:46,911 --> 00:30:49,381
That didn't happen before
deregulation in the 1980s.

514
00:30:49,381 --> 00:30:51,315
How do you pay for
stock buybacks?

515
00:30:52,851 --> 00:30:56,788
In almost every case
a mass layoff proceeds

516
00:30:56,788 --> 00:31:00,058
or follows a stock buyback,
but the workers suffer.

517
00:31:00,058 --> 00:31:04,362
And we've just let this
game go on totally at will

518
00:31:06,230 --> 00:31:09,634
at Wall Street will and
workers keep suffering

519
00:31:09,634 --> 00:31:10,968
on the one hand,

520
00:31:10,968 --> 00:31:12,571
wall Street keeps getting
richer on the other hand,

521
00:31:12,571 --> 00:31:17,308
and you're getting a working
class revolt against the system

522
00:31:17,308 --> 00:31:18,510
that can't protect them.

523
00:31:18,510 --> 00:31:21,413
It's really Wall Street
versus working people.

524
00:31:21,413 --> 00:31:24,082
- The idea that what
the success will have

525
00:31:24,082 --> 00:31:27,419
that distinguishes
them is money.

526
00:31:27,419 --> 00:31:32,690
And the fact at the thought
that the unsuccessful, you know,

527
00:31:33,625 --> 00:31:36,327
are distinguished by the
lack of money, you know,

528
00:31:37,462 --> 00:31:41,699
this makes money the fulcrum
on which everything turns.

529
00:31:41,699 --> 00:31:47,038
And I think that people feel
that it's arid, pointless.

530
00:31:48,573 --> 00:31:51,075
People have souls, people are
deeper than that, you know,

531
00:31:51,075 --> 00:31:53,878
and they're given these
little tokens to play with

532
00:31:53,878 --> 00:31:56,481
that they can build
resentments around or whatever.

533
00:31:58,617 --> 00:32:01,486
But you know, we've
been had basically,

534
00:32:01,486 --> 00:32:04,756
you know, this is not
what human lives are for.

535
00:32:04,756 --> 00:32:08,760
This is certainly not what
freedom or democracy are for,

536
00:32:08,760 --> 00:32:13,297
you know, people need more time,

537
00:32:13,297 --> 00:32:18,136
people need more respect,
simple respect, you know?

538
00:32:18,136 --> 00:32:21,339
- We estimate that
between 1996 and today,

539
00:32:21,339 --> 00:32:25,677
30 million of us have
gone through a mass layoff

540
00:32:25,677 --> 00:32:29,113
defined as 50 or more
workers lost at one time.

541
00:32:29,113 --> 00:32:31,282
And being out of work
and not being able

542
00:32:31,282 --> 00:32:34,586
to get their job back for at
least a month, 30 million.

543
00:32:34,586 --> 00:32:35,987
You add in their families.

544
00:32:35,987 --> 00:32:39,624
And instead of talking about
the prosperity of America,

545
00:32:39,624 --> 00:32:41,993
now we're talking about probably
half the American families

546
00:32:41,993 --> 00:32:44,663
have suffered the
devastation of mass layoffs.

547
00:32:44,663 --> 00:32:49,033
It's ranked as the seventh
most devastating event.

548
00:32:49,033 --> 00:32:50,869
One can go through.

549
00:32:50,869 --> 00:32:54,438
More devastating than a
severe loss of hearing,

550
00:32:54,438 --> 00:32:56,440
eyesight or divorce.

551
00:32:57,676 --> 00:32:59,544
It's a devastating event.

552
00:33:00,444 --> 00:33:03,715
And this is the tragedy,
it's become normalized

553
00:33:03,715 --> 00:33:06,885
and that I see is the
biggest threat to democracy.

554
00:33:06,885 --> 00:33:08,687
People have turned
off to government

555
00:33:08,687 --> 00:33:10,287
again long before Trump.

556
00:33:10,287 --> 00:33:15,627
Because government has done
nothing for job instability

557
00:33:18,396 --> 00:33:20,331
other than to say we're
gonna grow the economy.

558
00:33:20,331 --> 00:33:22,534
Which of course means
even more job instability.

559
00:33:22,534 --> 00:33:25,570
More deregulation is
more job instability

560
00:33:25,570 --> 00:33:28,973
because they've done nothing
concrete for the actual worker

561
00:33:28,973 --> 00:33:30,107
that's been laid off.

562
00:33:30,107 --> 00:33:32,610
People are turning
off to politics.

563
00:33:32,610 --> 00:33:34,311
I vote for the guy,
he says he's gonna do

564
00:33:34,311 --> 00:33:36,814
all this great stuff and
then another plant goes down.

565
00:33:36,814 --> 00:33:39,651
Think about what it means
in rural Pennsylvania.

566
00:33:39,651 --> 00:33:42,020
If a factory of
500 people go down,

567
00:33:42,020 --> 00:33:45,857
now you and 500 of
your neighbors are
gonna be scrambling

568
00:33:45,857 --> 00:33:50,228
for the last few jobs at the
Dollar Store and at Walmart.

569
00:33:50,228 --> 00:33:54,532
I mean, it's really a tough
life to feel good about

570
00:33:54,532 --> 00:33:56,534
politicians after
that happens to you

571
00:33:56,534 --> 00:33:58,369
and they say, oh, we're gonna
bring new jobs to the area.

572
00:33:58,369 --> 00:34:00,404
Doesn't happen or
maybe it's a prison

573
00:34:00,404 --> 00:34:03,374
or maybe it's a healthcare
facility, that's about it.

574
00:34:04,275 --> 00:34:05,710
So they've turned
off the government,

575
00:34:05,710 --> 00:34:10,949
1964, 77% of the
Americans felt trusted,

576
00:34:11,449 --> 00:34:12,316
the federal government.

577
00:34:12,316 --> 00:34:14,485
Now it's 16%.

578
00:34:14,485 --> 00:34:17,689
So there's this
withdrawal from believing

579
00:34:17,689 --> 00:34:20,291
that what we call democracy now

580
00:34:20,291 --> 00:34:25,096
actually works for them, which
of course opens the field,

581
00:34:25,096 --> 00:34:29,067
actually creates a Petri
dish for conspiracy theories,

582
00:34:29,067 --> 00:34:34,405
for, you know, blind
attacks on the good things

583
00:34:34,839 --> 00:34:36,507
the government does.

584
00:34:36,507 --> 00:34:41,846
It creates the opportunity for
opportunists to grab power.

585
00:34:42,780 --> 00:34:46,651
- Together we will make
America powerful again.

586
00:34:46,651 --> 00:34:49,520
Make America wealthy again.

587
00:34:49,520 --> 00:34:51,990
Make America healthy again.

588
00:34:51,990 --> 00:34:54,826
Make America strong again.

589
00:34:54,826 --> 00:34:57,862
Make America proud again.

590
00:34:57,862 --> 00:35:01,232
Make America safe again.

591
00:35:01,232 --> 00:35:04,035
Make America free again.

592
00:35:04,035 --> 00:35:08,205
We will make
America great again.

593
00:35:08,205 --> 00:35:10,441
Thank you very much Nevada.

594
00:35:10,441 --> 00:35:13,244
- And when they grab power,
they're unabashed about using it

595
00:35:13,244 --> 00:35:16,915
to feather their ownness
in the name of whomever.

596
00:35:16,915 --> 00:35:19,250
But basically that's
the danger to democracy.

597
00:35:19,250 --> 00:35:21,953
This vast increase of inequality

598
00:35:21,953 --> 00:35:27,224
was produced by this absolute
carnage of mass layoffs.

599
00:35:28,359 --> 00:35:32,396
The victims of mass layoffs
look for some sort of stability,

600
00:35:32,396 --> 00:35:36,000
can't find it and end up
withdrawing from government.

601
00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:39,938
And in fact then supporting
the train wreckers

602
00:35:39,938 --> 00:35:43,074
to drain the swamp people
because they no longer feel

603
00:35:43,074 --> 00:35:45,043
that government works for them.

604
00:35:45,043 --> 00:35:47,211
That's the threat and
it's a serious threat.

605
00:35:47,211 --> 00:35:50,048
- I think the US has been
in sort of a bad cycle,

606
00:35:50,048 --> 00:35:53,584
which means that people don't
really trust the government.

607
00:35:53,584 --> 00:35:58,189
The government policies
aren't funded properly,

608
00:35:58,189 --> 00:36:02,060
then they work even less well
and people trust them less

609
00:36:02,060 --> 00:36:03,260
and so on and so on.

610
00:36:03,260 --> 00:36:05,964
And this becomes a huge problem

611
00:36:05,964 --> 00:36:07,799
of people not
trusting each other

612
00:36:07,799 --> 00:36:09,533
and certainly not
trusting the government

613
00:36:09,533 --> 00:36:12,236
or trusting the government
to be able to provide

614
00:36:12,236 --> 00:36:14,138
any good services.

615
00:36:15,206 --> 00:36:17,408
In the Nordics, I think
overall it's been the opposite.

616
00:36:17,408 --> 00:36:19,510
The government services
have worked well

617
00:36:19,510 --> 00:36:22,480
and I think they have
certainly supported

618
00:36:22,480 --> 00:36:27,185
the sense of trust in a
society that is working well,

619
00:36:27,185 --> 00:36:30,021
that is as much as any
society in the world trying

620
00:36:30,021 --> 00:36:34,058
or working to provide
good life for everyone

621
00:36:34,726 --> 00:36:35,760
in that country.

622
00:36:35,760 --> 00:36:38,096
So there is more
social trust overall

623
00:36:38,096 --> 00:36:40,598
in the Nordic countries
according to surveys as well.

624
00:36:40,598 --> 00:36:44,736
- The base of the Republican
party now does not believe

625
00:36:44,736 --> 00:36:46,938
in elections or democracy.

626
00:36:46,938 --> 00:36:48,239
They think elections...

627
00:36:48,239 --> 00:36:50,808
They think their
democracy has been stolen

628
00:36:50,808 --> 00:36:54,145
and they don't
believe that democracy

629
00:36:54,145 --> 00:36:56,114
can restore the democracy.

630
00:36:56,948 --> 00:37:00,084
And that's a very
ominous development

631
00:37:00,084 --> 00:37:02,486
for American society.

632
00:37:03,454 --> 00:37:05,790
And you can't really have
a functioning democracy

633
00:37:05,790 --> 00:37:08,760
if people just don't
believe in elections

634
00:37:08,760 --> 00:37:13,264
because then they'll
inevitably take other means

635
00:37:13,264 --> 00:37:16,134
to push through their views.

636
00:37:16,134 --> 00:37:19,037
(upbeat music)

637
00:37:20,337 --> 00:37:25,176
- Trouble with our
electoral system today

638
00:37:25,176 --> 00:37:30,514
is that at so many levels we
have baked in minority rule,

639
00:37:31,482 --> 00:37:35,653
we have made it largely
impossible in many states

640
00:37:35,653 --> 00:37:40,158
as well as in our
bigger institutions

641
00:37:40,158 --> 00:37:42,626
such as the House
of Representatives

642
00:37:42,626 --> 00:37:44,428
and the structure
of the US Senate

643
00:37:44,428 --> 00:37:48,666
and have a majority of
Americans changed the course

644
00:37:48,666 --> 00:37:50,068
of the country.

645
00:37:50,068 --> 00:37:54,939
Donald Trump did not create
our anti-democratic nation.

646
00:37:57,374 --> 00:38:02,680
Donald Trump swept up the
pieces that were left for him

647
00:38:03,314 --> 00:38:06,350
by the Republican establishment

648
00:38:06,350 --> 00:38:11,689
that wanted to find a way
to keep winning elections

649
00:38:12,190 --> 00:38:13,657
in a multiracial nation.

650
00:38:13,657 --> 00:38:16,427
Decided that the way to do
that was not by appealing

651
00:38:16,427 --> 00:38:21,765
to a multiracial electorate,
but by turning back the clock

652
00:38:22,633 --> 00:38:26,503
and trying to create a
different electorate,

653
00:38:26,503 --> 00:38:30,341
the one that they wanted
instead of the one

654
00:38:30,341 --> 00:38:34,212
that actually exists in America.

655
00:38:34,212 --> 00:38:38,782
And they startlingly
effective at this.

656
00:38:38,782 --> 00:38:42,153
Donald Trump did
not create this,

657
00:38:42,153 --> 00:38:47,491
and it will not go away when
Donald Trump leaves the scene.

658
00:38:48,392 --> 00:38:52,864
This is the new normal
of American a democracy.

659
00:38:54,165 --> 00:38:57,034
Our system has been broken.

660
00:38:57,869 --> 00:39:01,005
It's not that the
system simply is broken,

661
00:39:01,005 --> 00:39:05,176
it's that it has been
broken intentionally

662
00:39:05,176 --> 00:39:08,913
by those who wish to
seek and hold power

663
00:39:08,913 --> 00:39:11,548
with a minority of votes.

664
00:39:11,548 --> 00:39:12,716
(upbeat music)

665
00:39:12,716 --> 00:39:16,787
- I spent close to
30 years if not more,

666
00:39:16,787 --> 00:39:20,591
helping to build the
conservative legal movement.

667
00:39:20,591 --> 00:39:22,693
And at some point or another,

668
00:39:22,693 --> 00:39:24,061
you know, I just said to myself,

669
00:39:24,061 --> 00:39:28,132
well if this can work for
law, why can't it work

670
00:39:28,132 --> 00:39:31,568
for lots of other areas
of American culture

671
00:39:31,568 --> 00:39:32,803
and American life where things

672
00:39:32,803 --> 00:39:34,338
are really messed up right now.

673
00:39:34,338 --> 00:39:36,573
Wokeism in the
corporate environment

674
00:39:36,573 --> 00:39:40,011
and the educational environment,
one-sided journalism,

675
00:39:40,011 --> 00:39:43,047
entertainment that's really
corrupting our youth.

676
00:39:43,047 --> 00:39:46,717
Why can't we build talent
pipelines and networks

677
00:39:46,717 --> 00:39:49,520
that can positively affect
those areas as well.

678
00:39:49,520 --> 00:39:54,225
- Leonard Leo is the top of
guy at the Federalist Society

679
00:39:54,225 --> 00:39:57,995
who is responsible for
coordinating a network

680
00:39:57,995 --> 00:39:59,496
of funds and people.

681
00:39:59,496 --> 00:40:02,733
So yes, there is a
person you can look to,

682
00:40:02,733 --> 00:40:04,768
but it is much
broader than that.

683
00:40:04,768 --> 00:40:07,972
The Federalist Society has
a very extensive network

684
00:40:07,972 --> 00:40:13,311
where they cultivated ideas
and people in law schools

685
00:40:15,146 --> 00:40:17,982
and placed them into
positions of power,

686
00:40:17,982 --> 00:40:20,384
whether they be preparing
them to be judges

687
00:40:20,384 --> 00:40:23,854
or preparing them to
be attorneys general

688
00:40:23,854 --> 00:40:26,657
or to work in the
Department of Justice

689
00:40:26,657 --> 00:40:31,095
to implement their own
reactionary radical vision

690
00:40:31,095 --> 00:40:33,797
of power and limited democracy.

691
00:40:33,797 --> 00:40:38,869
I think the end game is
to keep power concentrated

692
00:40:38,869 --> 00:40:40,972
within the hands of a few.

693
00:40:40,972 --> 00:40:45,943
And to subject their own
vision of what the country

694
00:40:47,078 --> 00:40:49,347
should be like
over everyone else.

695
00:40:49,347 --> 00:40:52,750
And this vision is typically

696
00:40:52,750 --> 00:40:57,721
like a minoritarian vision
that prioritizes a handful

697
00:40:59,090 --> 00:41:01,625
of the white, the wealthy,

698
00:41:01,625 --> 00:41:04,362
the particular
brand of Christian.

699
00:41:05,296 --> 00:41:08,032
Like not even
Christianity writ large,

700
00:41:08,032 --> 00:41:11,535
but people who believe and
look and act in the same way

701
00:41:11,535 --> 00:41:15,239
as they do should
have complete say

702
00:41:15,239 --> 00:41:17,775
over the direction
of the country.

703
00:41:17,775 --> 00:41:23,047
- So we either find a
way to reform the court

704
00:41:24,215 --> 00:41:29,320
or we live in the world that
Leonard Leo and his allies

705
00:41:29,320 --> 00:41:31,522
wish to create.

706
00:41:31,522 --> 00:41:34,425
(upbeat music)

707
00:41:39,397 --> 00:41:42,400
- Originalism is
an idea developed

708
00:41:42,400 --> 00:41:44,835
by the conservative
legal movement that says

709
00:41:44,835 --> 00:41:48,506
the meaning of the
constitution is fixed in time.

710
00:41:48,506 --> 00:41:52,576
There is a single solitary
objective discoverable meaning,

711
00:41:52,576 --> 00:41:54,111
Originalists will tell you

712
00:41:54,111 --> 00:41:57,881
and whatever the constitution
meant 200 years ago,

713
00:41:58,982 --> 00:42:00,284
it means that today as well.

714
00:42:00,284 --> 00:42:05,589
So whatever the purported
original public meaning was

715
00:42:06,157 --> 00:42:07,825
remains authoritative today.

716
00:42:07,825 --> 00:42:10,394
So basically from
the very start,

717
00:42:10,394 --> 00:42:13,164
originalism serves to dress up

718
00:42:13,164 --> 00:42:18,001
your standard
reactionary politics,

719
00:42:18,001 --> 00:42:21,772
but give it that veneer
of professional legalism.

720
00:42:21,772 --> 00:42:24,741
- Jefferson always believed
that each generation

721
00:42:24,741 --> 00:42:26,143
ought to write his
unconstitutional

722
00:42:26,143 --> 00:42:31,449
because to live
under a constitution

723
00:42:32,283 --> 00:42:36,520
written by essentially
long dead white men.

724
00:42:37,488 --> 00:42:41,192
Our current situation, is
another form of tyranny.

725
00:42:41,192 --> 00:42:43,894
They reflected a
particular way of life,

726
00:42:43,894 --> 00:42:45,396
a particular view of democracy,

727
00:42:45,396 --> 00:42:47,764
a particular view
of republicanism,

728
00:42:47,764 --> 00:42:50,834
and we're living
under that system.

729
00:42:50,834 --> 00:42:53,404
And Jefferson was like,
that's just tyranny.

730
00:42:53,404 --> 00:42:54,938
There's no difference
between that

731
00:42:54,938 --> 00:42:58,976
and living under a colonial
power across the Atlantic.

732
00:42:58,976 --> 00:43:01,245
So he wanted each generation
to write his own constitution.

733
00:43:01,245 --> 00:43:04,215
- Now yeah, originalism
is like dream logic

734
00:43:04,215 --> 00:43:09,553
in that it makes sense for a
moment while you're sleeping,

735
00:43:10,588 --> 00:43:14,125
but once you wake up you can
recognize it as nonsense.

736
00:43:14,125 --> 00:43:16,793
Originalism makes sense for
basically all of a minute

737
00:43:16,793 --> 00:43:20,131
if you're thinking about
it, you can maybe say

738
00:43:20,131 --> 00:43:24,568
for a hot second, it is
kind of farcical to say

739
00:43:24,568 --> 00:43:28,272
that there is a single
meaning of a document

740
00:43:28,272 --> 00:43:32,343
that was the product of
compromises hammered out

741
00:43:32,343 --> 00:43:37,615
by dozens of people to
put together a document

742
00:43:38,315 --> 00:43:41,185
that would function
as a framework

743
00:43:41,185 --> 00:43:43,787
to govern the country over time.

744
00:43:43,787 --> 00:43:47,057
Originalism absolutely will
keep making things worse.

745
00:43:47,824 --> 00:43:50,628
I think we are
regularly seeing threats

746
00:43:50,628 --> 00:43:53,564
for further rollbacks
of our rights

747
00:43:53,564 --> 00:43:58,135
because originalism instructs
the courts to turn back time.

748
00:43:58,135 --> 00:44:00,371
- What I love about
thinking about Jefferson

749
00:44:00,371 --> 00:44:05,676
is he was right, you know,
at the end of the day

750
00:44:06,109 --> 00:44:07,411
we would be in a...

751
00:44:08,479 --> 00:44:12,249
I dare say we'd be
in a better place

752
00:44:12,249 --> 00:44:15,118
if periodically throughout
American history

753
00:44:15,118 --> 00:44:17,555
we had rewritten the
Constitution and that was part

754
00:44:17,555 --> 00:44:20,891
of our political culture is
to rewrite the constitution.

755
00:44:20,891 --> 00:44:24,628
- Originalism is essentially
make America great again

756
00:44:24,628 --> 00:44:29,032
with a law degree
because by definition

757
00:44:29,032 --> 00:44:31,535
they too are saying we
need to turn back time,

758
00:44:31,535 --> 00:44:33,904
we need to reset things
to the way they were

759
00:44:33,904 --> 00:44:36,207
when they were better,
better for who?

760
00:44:36,207 --> 00:44:39,142
They don't say they
leave that part out.0

761
00:44:39,142 --> 00:44:43,547
But they insist that
this idea of the original

762
00:44:43,547 --> 00:44:45,349
public meaning should govern.

763
00:44:45,349 --> 00:44:48,486
And so I think
originalists discovered

764
00:44:48,486 --> 00:44:51,489
that if you can freeze the
meaning of the constitution

765
00:44:51,489 --> 00:44:55,192
in time, you can probably
freeze the country in time too.

766
00:44:55,192 --> 00:45:00,498
So that's why it really is a
purely reactionary measure.

767
00:45:01,398 --> 00:45:03,967
The conservative legal
movement really insists

768
00:45:03,967 --> 00:45:09,240
that not everyone is capable
or welcome to interpret

769
00:45:11,141 --> 00:45:12,409
the Constitution.

770
00:45:12,409 --> 00:45:15,646
It is only for this
very elite set of people

771
00:45:15,646 --> 00:45:20,083
and they have a designated
way by which they must do it.

772
00:45:20,083 --> 00:45:22,586
And that's by holding a
jurisprudential seance

773
00:45:22,586 --> 00:45:26,657
and communicating
with the spirits

774
00:45:26,657 --> 00:45:29,293
of these dead slave holders.

775
00:45:29,293 --> 00:45:31,962
And saying, what do I
think Johnny Slaveholder

776
00:45:31,962 --> 00:45:33,330
would want me to do today?

777
00:45:33,330 --> 00:45:35,832
And I don't think that's a
good way to run a country.

778
00:45:35,832 --> 00:45:38,736
(upbeat music)

779
00:45:40,837 --> 00:45:42,005
- Hey there. Who are you?

780
00:45:42,005 --> 00:45:43,674
- Oh, just the most
important document

781
00:45:43,674 --> 00:45:44,742
in our country's history.

782
00:45:44,742 --> 00:45:46,009
- You mean the Constitution?

783
00:45:46,009 --> 00:45:47,044
- Nope.

784
00:45:47,044 --> 00:45:47,878
- The Declaration
of Independence?

785
00:45:47,878 --> 00:45:48,746
- Guess again.

786
00:45:48,746 --> 00:45:49,547
- The Federalist Papers.

787
00:45:49,547 --> 00:45:50,881
- The Federalist what?

788
00:45:50,881 --> 00:45:53,684
No, even more important
than whatever you just said.

789
00:45:53,684 --> 00:45:56,820
Now sit right here and
I'll tell you all about me.

790
00:45:57,954 --> 00:46:00,658
♪ I'm just a little
paper for the ages ♪

791
00:46:00,658 --> 00:46:03,527
♪ A way to set the
government straight ♪

792
00:46:03,527 --> 00:46:08,932
♪ A short 887 pages on how
to make America great again ♪

793
00:46:09,800 --> 00:46:12,235
♪ By forcing through the
president's agenda, ♪

794
00:46:12,235 --> 00:46:15,105
♪ Removing all of
those who disagree ♪

795
00:46:15,105 --> 00:46:17,741
♪ Replacing with our
loyal party members ♪

796
00:46:17,741 --> 00:46:20,744
♪ and reclaim our
great country in some ♪

797
00:46:20,744 --> 00:46:22,313
♪ Give power to the president ♪

798
00:46:22,313 --> 00:46:24,848
♪ To authorize the government
to legislate morality ♪

799
00:46:24,848 --> 00:46:28,218
♪ And wrestle back normality
from Marxist ideologies ♪

800
00:46:28,218 --> 00:46:29,386
♪ That infiltrate our policies ♪

801
00:46:29,386 --> 00:46:31,789
♪ Like gender, race,
or anything woke ♪

802
00:46:31,789 --> 00:46:35,158
♪ We're going to abolish the
Department of Education. ♪

803
00:46:35,158 --> 00:46:38,128
♪ Turn the swearing in
into a coronation. ♪

804
00:46:38,128 --> 00:46:43,534
♪ America's great salvation
will arrive, Project 2025 ♪

805
00:46:44,602 --> 00:46:47,638
- We often talk about state
governments as a laboratory

806
00:46:47,638 --> 00:46:51,775
of democracy right now in so
many states across the nation,

807
00:46:51,775 --> 00:46:57,114
really they've become meth
labs of non-democracy.

808
00:46:57,881 --> 00:47:00,283
It is hard to call
some of these states

809
00:47:00,283 --> 00:47:02,018
functioning democracies.

810
00:47:02,018 --> 00:47:07,290
When you look at Wisconsin
or North Carolina or Ohio.

811
00:47:08,692 --> 00:47:14,064
In these states, voters are
still allowed to cast ballots.

812
00:47:14,832 --> 00:47:16,433
It's just that the
outcome of elections

813
00:47:16,433 --> 00:47:20,137
have been preordained
by how those states

814
00:47:20,137 --> 00:47:22,640
have been wildly gerrymandered

815
00:47:22,640 --> 00:47:26,543
to ensure that the most extreme
wing of the Republican party

816
00:47:26,543 --> 00:47:31,148
is in control no matter
what voters want.

817
00:47:31,148 --> 00:47:35,586
And the secret here is what
happened in the 2010 election.

818
00:47:35,586 --> 00:47:39,857
Republicans recognized that
they could change the nation,

819
00:47:39,857 --> 00:47:45,195
not necessarily by convincing
people to come to their side,

820
00:47:46,329 --> 00:47:49,933
but by redrawing districts in
such a way that they could win

821
00:47:49,933 --> 00:47:51,902
with fewer votes.

822
00:47:51,902 --> 00:47:54,938
But all of this starts
in state legislatures.

823
00:47:54,938 --> 00:47:58,208
They're the ones in almost
three quarters of states

824
00:47:58,208 --> 00:48:02,078
that control the process
of drawing these lines.

825
00:48:02,078 --> 00:48:05,716
So Republicans set
out in 2010 to win

826
00:48:05,716 --> 00:48:08,852
as many state
legislatures as they could

827
00:48:08,852 --> 00:48:11,889
in order to have the most
control over this process

828
00:48:11,889 --> 00:48:14,024
that they could possibly have.

829
00:48:14,024 --> 00:48:17,761
Republicans invested
$30 million in a plan

830
00:48:17,761 --> 00:48:19,062
called the Red Map short.

831
00:48:19,062 --> 00:48:21,965
for the redistricting
a majority project.

832
00:48:21,965 --> 00:48:26,303
They flipped those
districts, they took control

833
00:48:26,303 --> 00:48:30,106
of redistricting, they
remapped those states

834
00:48:30,106 --> 00:48:31,675
the following year.

835
00:48:31,675 --> 00:48:35,245
They drew themselves huge
advantages in the fight

836
00:48:35,245 --> 00:48:39,616
for state legislatures
as well as for Congress.

837
00:48:39,616 --> 00:48:44,788
And in most of those states,
those technology driven

838
00:48:46,857 --> 00:48:52,229
wild extreme gerrymanders have
endured for a decade or more,

839
00:48:53,330 --> 00:48:57,400
twisting not only the
politics in those states,

840
00:48:57,400 --> 00:48:59,536
but our politics nationally.

841
00:48:59,536 --> 00:49:01,404
When you look at
the two mortal sins

842
00:49:01,404 --> 00:49:04,608
that have really broken our
politics over the last decade,

843
00:49:04,608 --> 00:49:09,947
it's the redistricting that
follows the 2010 election.

844
00:49:10,914 --> 00:49:14,518
And it's the decision by
the Roberts Court in 2013

845
00:49:14,518 --> 00:49:16,787
in Shelby County versus Holder.

846
00:49:16,787 --> 00:49:20,023
That effectively eviscerated
the Voting Rights Act

847
00:49:20,023 --> 00:49:25,362
by ending its most crucial
mechanism of enforcement,

848
00:49:26,062 --> 00:49:27,531
which was known
as pre-clearance.

849
00:49:27,531 --> 00:49:30,333
- 10 years ago the Supreme
Court issued its decision

850
00:49:30,333 --> 00:49:32,335
in Shelby County verse Holder.

851
00:49:32,335 --> 00:49:35,071
The case took aim at the
Federal Voting Rights Act,

852
00:49:35,071 --> 00:49:37,407
which protected and
expanded the freedom to vote

853
00:49:37,407 --> 00:49:40,277
for black Americans
and voters of color

854
00:49:40,277 --> 00:49:44,014
who historically faced
intentional barriers to voting.

855
00:49:44,014 --> 00:49:48,151
The court struck down the
act's pre-clearance formula,

856
00:49:48,151 --> 00:49:49,853
which had required
states with a history

857
00:49:49,853 --> 00:49:51,955
of racial discrimination
at the ballot box

858
00:49:51,955 --> 00:49:54,591
to get permission from
the Justice Department

859
00:49:54,591 --> 00:49:56,794
before enacting new voting laws.

860
00:49:56,794 --> 00:49:58,896
Now 10 years after
Shelby County,

861
00:49:58,896 --> 00:50:02,633
we've seen a torrential
downpour of anti-voter laws

862
00:50:02,633 --> 00:50:05,869
that disproportionately
impact voters of color.

863
00:50:05,869 --> 00:50:09,406
From the closure of polling
places in black communities

864
00:50:09,406 --> 00:50:12,342
to racial vote dilution
in voting maps.

865
00:50:12,342 --> 00:50:15,546
To laws that make it harder
for everyday Americans to vote.

866
00:50:17,280 --> 00:50:20,383
In dissenting opinion in
Shelby County versus Holder,

867
00:50:20,383 --> 00:50:23,219
Justice Ruth Bader
Ginsburg said,

868
00:50:23,219 --> 00:50:25,823
"Throwing out pre-clearance
when it has worked

869
00:50:25,823 --> 00:50:28,992
and is continuing to work to
stop discriminatory changes.

870
00:50:28,992 --> 00:50:31,728
It's like throwing away
your umbrella in a rainstorm

871
00:50:31,728 --> 00:50:33,897
because you're not getting wet."

872
00:50:33,897 --> 00:50:37,701
In the absence of legislation
to restore the federal VRA,

873
00:50:37,701 --> 00:50:41,104
more states are passing
their own voting rights acts.

874
00:50:41,104 --> 00:50:44,107
These state VRAs protect and
expand the freedom to vote

875
00:50:44,107 --> 00:50:47,177
and make it easier to challenge
discriminatory election laws

876
00:50:47,177 --> 00:50:49,680
and voting maps in court.

877
00:50:49,680 --> 00:50:51,481
But the freedom to vote
should be accessible

878
00:50:51,481 --> 00:50:53,450
for every voter, not
just ones who live

879
00:50:53,450 --> 00:50:55,318
in voter friendly states.

880
00:50:55,318 --> 00:50:57,387
Congress must enact legislation

881
00:50:57,387 --> 00:51:00,924
to stop the torrential
downpour of anti-voter laws

882
00:51:00,924 --> 00:51:03,827
depriving many Americans of
their fundamental freedom

883
00:51:03,827 --> 00:51:04,862
to vote.

884
00:51:05,662 --> 00:51:08,465
- The states that
had the worst history

885
00:51:08,465 --> 00:51:10,901
of civil rights abuses

886
00:51:10,901 --> 00:51:13,770
needed to go to the
federal government

887
00:51:13,770 --> 00:51:17,140
or to a district court
in Washington DC,

888
00:51:17,140 --> 00:51:21,044
and show that any
change that they made

889
00:51:21,044 --> 00:51:25,649
to an election law was
neutral and not intended

890
00:51:26,549 --> 00:51:31,354
to infringe upon the
votes of minority groups.

891
00:51:32,890 --> 00:51:37,661
And the Roberts Court
in 2013 in a decision

892
00:51:37,661 --> 00:51:41,164
that I think will go
down with the very worst

893
00:51:41,164 --> 00:51:45,035
that the court, not
only the Roberts Court,

894
00:51:45,035 --> 00:51:49,806
but any US Supreme Court
has ever delivered,

895
00:51:49,806 --> 00:51:54,144
said things have
changed in the South.

896
00:51:54,144 --> 00:51:56,079
They ended pre-clearance.

897
00:51:57,347 --> 00:52:00,450
Things had changed so
little in the South

898
00:52:00,450 --> 00:52:04,955
that the very afternoon
that the Roberts Court

899
00:52:04,955 --> 00:52:07,590
handed this decision down,

900
00:52:07,590 --> 00:52:11,494
the state of Texas
enact a voter ID bill,

901
00:52:11,494 --> 00:52:14,297
that the state itself
had already admitted

902
00:52:14,297 --> 00:52:18,769
would keep more than 600,000
Latinos from the polls

903
00:52:18,769 --> 00:52:24,041
because they knew that those
voters, eligible voters,

904
00:52:24,841 --> 00:52:28,979
US citizens lacked
the ID that the state

905
00:52:28,979 --> 00:52:33,416
had surgically determined
would be required

906
00:52:33,416 --> 00:52:35,218
to now cast a ballot.

907
00:52:35,218 --> 00:52:38,321
Once the guards were removed,

908
00:52:39,389 --> 00:52:44,594
the inmates in all of these
wildly gerrymandered states

909
00:52:45,195 --> 00:52:47,597
in these legislatures ran out.

910
00:52:47,597 --> 00:52:52,936
What the redistricting in
2011 did was create an America

911
00:52:55,772 --> 00:53:00,110
where political power
flowed disproportionately

912
00:53:00,844 --> 00:53:05,916
to older, whiter,
more conservative,

913
00:53:06,416 --> 00:53:11,221
more rural populations.

914
00:53:11,621 --> 00:53:13,256
And by doing that

915
00:53:14,457 --> 00:53:19,395
it created an entirely
different country.

916
00:53:19,395 --> 00:53:24,134
The kinds of people who
we sent to Washington

917
00:53:24,134 --> 00:53:27,470
changed with the
kinds of districts

918
00:53:27,470 --> 00:53:31,341
that we draw after 2010.

919
00:53:31,341 --> 00:53:34,444
And it changed the incentives

920
00:53:34,444 --> 00:53:37,447
and it changed the
willingness to compromise

921
00:53:38,381 --> 00:53:43,353
and it helped break how
these institutions work.

922
00:53:44,354 --> 00:53:48,125
- Black people in Mississippi
had to pay $2 to vote.

923
00:53:48,125 --> 00:53:50,260
The white folks
didn't pay nothing.

924
00:53:51,094 --> 00:53:52,129
Reporter

925
00:53:52,129 --> 00:53:53,296
- That was 1960.

926
00:53:54,765 --> 00:53:56,800
- [Reporter] 1960.

927
00:53:56,800 --> 00:54:00,170
- In 1961 to go on
the Freedom Rides.

928
00:54:00,170 --> 00:54:02,505
We chose that day.

929
00:54:03,273 --> 00:54:07,044
When we came here
on August 28th, 1963

930
00:54:07,044 --> 00:54:09,913
for the march on
Washington, it was joyful.

931
00:54:11,114 --> 00:54:13,449
We met with a young president,

932
00:54:13,449 --> 00:54:16,653
president John
Fitzgerald Kennedy.

933
00:54:16,653 --> 00:54:20,356
When we came here
on August 6th, 1965,

934
00:54:20,356 --> 00:54:24,861
at the signing of the Voting
Rights Act, we were excited,

935
00:54:24,861 --> 00:54:28,298
hopeful, you see something
that is not right,

936
00:54:28,298 --> 00:54:31,367
not just not fair, you
have a moral obligation

937
00:54:31,367 --> 00:54:34,137
to say something,
to do something.

938
00:54:35,005 --> 00:54:37,874
Our children and their
children will ask us,

939
00:54:37,874 --> 00:54:39,642
what did you do?

940
00:54:39,642 --> 00:54:40,811
What did you say?

941
00:54:43,646 --> 00:54:49,019
For some this vote may be
hard, but we have a mission

942
00:54:49,953 --> 00:54:53,090
and a mandate to be on
the right side of history.

943
00:54:57,060 --> 00:54:59,296
- Part of our movement is
educating the young folks

944
00:54:59,296 --> 00:55:01,731
of how decisions
like Citizens United

945
00:55:01,731 --> 00:55:04,767
and Shelby County beholder
have systematically

946
00:55:04,767 --> 00:55:06,402
weakened our democracy.

947
00:55:06,402 --> 00:55:10,073
And that is up to us
to pressure our leaders

948
00:55:10,073 --> 00:55:12,075
like in Congress to, you know,

949
00:55:12,075 --> 00:55:15,345
pass things like the John
R. Lewis Voting Rights Act

950
00:55:15,345 --> 00:55:18,414
to ensure that we fight
back against the damage

951
00:55:18,414 --> 00:55:21,551
that we saw in those
Supreme Court decisions.

952
00:55:21,551 --> 00:55:24,821
You know, my team, we actually
put our bodies on the line

953
00:55:24,821 --> 00:55:27,390
for that very fight
when we were involved

954
00:55:27,390 --> 00:55:29,326
and helped organize a
national hunger strike

955
00:55:29,326 --> 00:55:33,330
for democracy in early
2022, which was the last

956
00:55:33,330 --> 00:55:35,999
kind of major push that we
saw on the national level

957
00:55:35,999 --> 00:55:38,468
that brought together
hundreds of organizations

958
00:55:38,468 --> 00:55:41,204
and advocates demanding
that our representatives

959
00:55:41,204 --> 00:55:44,241
in Congress pass the
Freedom to Vote Act

960
00:55:44,241 --> 00:55:46,309
and the John Lewis
Voting Rights Act.

961
00:55:46,309 --> 00:55:50,147
And we as young people
firmly believe that

962
00:55:51,181 --> 00:55:53,984
by putting our bodies on the
line with a hunger strike,

963
00:55:53,984 --> 00:55:57,287
it demonstrated that young
people cared about the fight

964
00:55:57,287 --> 00:56:00,123
for democracy and that
we saw it as a crisis.

965
00:56:00,123 --> 00:56:01,557
And unfortunately we
did not win that fight.

966
00:56:01,557 --> 00:56:03,626
And so there's a lot
more work to be done.

967
00:56:03,626 --> 00:56:06,529
- Three years before
the Supreme Court

968
00:56:06,529 --> 00:56:09,699
eviscerated the Voting
Rights Act in Shelby County,

969
00:56:09,699 --> 00:56:13,103
they effectively unleashed
legions of dark money

970
00:56:13,103 --> 00:56:17,473
onto our democracy by upending
the campaign finance laws

971
00:56:17,473 --> 00:56:20,043
in the Citizens United case.

972
00:56:20,710 --> 00:56:23,680
The Citizens United decision

973
00:56:23,680 --> 00:56:25,815
really freed the Koch brothers

974
00:56:25,815 --> 00:56:31,121
and all kinds of extreme
conservative billionaires

975
00:56:32,956 --> 00:56:38,261
to spend unlimited money
on their pet projects

976
00:56:39,396 --> 00:56:41,998
and to do so in a way that was
very difficult for the public

977
00:56:41,998 --> 00:56:43,566
to trace and see.

978
00:56:43,566 --> 00:56:48,504
When you put together
the Republican edge

979
00:56:48,504 --> 00:56:50,673
in the electoral college,

980
00:56:50,673 --> 00:56:54,110
the structural advantage
that white rural,

981
00:56:54,110 --> 00:56:57,380
small state interests
have in the US Senate,

982
00:56:57,380 --> 00:56:59,983
the enduring power
of gerrymandering

983
00:56:59,983 --> 00:57:03,453
and redistricting in
state legislatures

984
00:57:03,453 --> 00:57:05,688
and the US House,

985
00:57:05,688 --> 00:57:10,526
combine that with the Leo
project on the judiciary

986
00:57:10,526 --> 00:57:13,163
and state courts.

987
00:57:13,930 --> 00:57:17,934
Add into that the
way that presidents

988
00:57:17,934 --> 00:57:21,604
who have lost the popular
vote have appointed

989
00:57:21,604 --> 00:57:26,343
five of the nine justices
on the US Supreme Court,

990
00:57:26,343 --> 00:57:29,479
who have then been ratified
by that same Senate

991
00:57:29,479 --> 00:57:34,751
is advantaged a population
that is not the majority of us.

992
00:57:40,156 --> 00:57:42,725
Donald Trump could
leave the scene.

993
00:57:42,725 --> 00:57:46,562
All of those other
structural advantages,

994
00:57:46,562 --> 00:57:50,933
all of the fruits of
these decade long projects

995
00:57:50,933 --> 00:57:53,303
will still exist

996
00:57:53,303 --> 00:57:56,139
♪ Once that we started
the transition ♪

997
00:57:56,139 --> 00:57:59,109
♪ and no one's left
the tennis to wait. ♪

998
00:57:59,109 --> 00:58:01,611
♪ We'll go through
every policy position ♪

999
00:58:01,611 --> 00:58:04,247
♪ Get rid of all the
language that we hate ♪

1000
00:58:04,247 --> 00:58:07,417
♪ Like civil rights
diversity in unions ♪

1001
00:58:07,417 --> 00:58:10,320
♪ And pronouns to
mention but a few ♪

1002
00:58:10,320 --> 00:58:12,889
♪ Defunding any
liberal institutions ♪

1003
00:58:12,889 --> 00:58:15,625
♪ That dare question
what we do, ♪

1004
00:58:15,625 --> 00:58:16,926
- I'm pretty sure
the Supreme Court.

1005
00:58:16,926 --> 00:58:18,694
- Oh the Supreme Court,
that's a good one.

1006
00:58:18,694 --> 00:58:20,297
Now, where was I?

1007
00:58:20,297 --> 00:58:23,300
♪ Abortion will be
pretty much illegal ♪

1008
00:58:23,300 --> 00:58:25,968
♪ And reproductive
rights will be gone ♪

1009
00:58:25,968 --> 00:58:28,505
♪ We'll get back to
the biblical ideal ♪

1010
00:58:28,505 --> 00:58:31,341
♪ That a family means a
daddy and a mom with kids ♪

1011
00:58:31,341 --> 00:58:34,544
♪ Repeal the crazy
climate regulations ♪

1012
00:58:34,544 --> 00:58:37,113
♪ That get in the
economy's way ♪

1013
00:58:37,113 --> 00:58:39,316
♪ With everyone reporting
to the nations ♪

1014
00:58:39,316 --> 00:58:41,617
♪ On Inauguration day. ♪

1015
00:58:41,617 --> 00:58:43,886
♪ When we power
to the President ♪

1016
00:58:43,886 --> 00:58:46,256
to authorize the
government to legislate

1017
00:58:46,256 --> 00:58:49,159
(bright music)

1018
00:58:51,227 --> 00:58:54,397
- That when the US
Constitution was created,

1019
00:58:54,397 --> 00:58:56,732
it left majority of people out.

1020
00:58:56,732 --> 00:59:00,236
Right from the
beginning, it was flawed.

1021
00:59:00,236 --> 00:59:05,542
However, there is hope in
the sense that US citizens,

1022
00:59:06,509 --> 00:59:11,781
if they trace the roots
of democracy and recognize

1023
00:59:12,815 --> 00:59:17,120
what is the system that the
founding fathers looked to

1024
00:59:18,020 --> 00:59:22,392
in order to create the
constitution that they,

1025
00:59:23,193 --> 00:59:26,062
that there they can
find answers, right?

1026
00:59:26,062 --> 00:59:31,401
And that is about true
inclusivity, equity, fairness,

1027
00:59:34,170 --> 00:59:38,875
kindness, compassion,
and a caring culture.

1028
00:59:40,042 --> 00:59:45,415
A lot of what this country
and much of the world

1029
00:59:46,116 --> 00:59:49,619
is dealing with
is a lot of grief.

1030
00:59:49,619 --> 00:59:53,289
And we see a lot
of issues such as,

1031
00:59:54,324 --> 00:59:57,994
whether you wanna call it,
I don't like saying illness,

1032
00:59:57,994 --> 01:00:02,499
but what's another word for
mental, mental health, right?

1033
01:00:03,966 --> 01:00:07,803
Issues in mental health
and emotional wellness.

1034
01:00:07,803 --> 01:00:12,041
And the result being
traumas, right?

1035
01:00:12,041 --> 01:00:16,946
People feel disconnected from
family, from relationship

1036
01:00:16,946 --> 01:00:20,650
to the earth, from their
place in the world.

1037
01:00:20,650 --> 01:00:25,054
- I think that without
a sense of the sacred,

1038
01:00:26,456 --> 01:00:31,761
which inspires reverence
and forbids transgression

1039
01:00:32,862 --> 01:00:36,799
against others, you know, it
forbids harm, forbids insult,

1040
01:00:36,799 --> 01:00:38,468
forbids deprivation.

1041
01:00:39,735 --> 01:00:42,372
Without a sense of the
sacred in the human.

1042
01:00:43,306 --> 01:00:45,141
We can't sustain a democracy.

1043
01:00:47,410 --> 01:00:51,381
We treat each other like digits,
you know, like, you know,

1044
01:00:51,381 --> 01:00:54,284
beans to be counted and so on.

1045
01:00:54,284 --> 01:00:57,720
That just is not consistent
with any humane government.

1046
01:00:57,720 --> 01:01:00,990
- So what I find
interesting today

1047
01:01:00,990 --> 01:01:06,196
in watching the US in grappling

1048
01:01:07,730 --> 01:01:10,333
with what does democracy
mean to them today?

1049
01:01:10,333 --> 01:01:15,037
That it's failing and finding
the system very troubling.

1050
01:01:16,706 --> 01:01:22,078
If citizens would
look to the roots

1051
01:01:22,645 --> 01:01:26,549
of their form of democracy,

1052
01:01:26,549 --> 01:01:31,254
they would discover
this caring culture

1053
01:01:31,254 --> 01:01:35,625
that would care for people
during times of grief.

1054
01:01:36,326 --> 01:01:38,728
Times when people were down.

1055
01:01:38,728 --> 01:01:44,033
And it would also find a culture
that cares for each other

1056
01:01:45,235 --> 01:01:48,638
to make sure that
all people are fed,

1057
01:01:48,638 --> 01:01:53,543
to make sure that all
people have a place to live.

1058
01:01:53,543 --> 01:01:56,779
Everybody is included
in the circle.

1059
01:01:56,779 --> 01:02:00,016
Everybody's voice is represented

1060
01:02:00,016 --> 01:02:04,920
inside of that true
form of democracy.

1061
01:02:05,821 --> 01:02:08,258
- If people gauge their
worth as human beings

1062
01:02:08,258 --> 01:02:10,260
on the amount of
money they have,

1063
01:02:10,260 --> 01:02:12,395
they're going to be stingy.

1064
01:02:12,395 --> 01:02:14,130
If wealth is their identity,

1065
01:02:14,130 --> 01:02:17,700
they're going to be very careful
of their wealth, you know?

1066
01:02:19,035 --> 01:02:20,703
I think that, you know,

1067
01:02:20,703 --> 01:02:23,273
I mean it's all this, you know,

1068
01:02:23,273 --> 01:02:27,943
the people that are always
being so intent on cutting taxes

1069
01:02:27,943 --> 01:02:30,146
and so on are very
wealthy people.

1070
01:02:30,146 --> 01:02:31,147
- [Elon] You have
to reduce spending

1071
01:02:31,147 --> 01:02:33,383
to live within our means.

1072
01:02:34,450 --> 01:02:37,654
And yeah that
necessarily involves

1073
01:02:38,388 --> 01:02:39,522
some temporary hardship,

1074
01:02:39,522 --> 01:02:42,858
but it will ensure
long-term prosperity.

1075
01:02:42,858 --> 01:02:45,628
- And the reason, I mean
taxes are distributive.

1076
01:02:45,628 --> 01:02:49,198
Taxes keep the public
school going and so on.

1077
01:02:49,198 --> 01:02:52,101
And they don't
want distribution.

1078
01:02:52,101 --> 01:02:57,073
They want concentration, which
is true even despite the fact

1079
01:02:58,541 --> 01:03:00,410
that the, you know, how many
yachts can the ocean hold?

1080
01:03:00,410 --> 01:03:02,978
You know, I mean we've
gotten everything ridiculous

1081
01:03:02,978 --> 01:03:03,946
at this point.

1082
01:03:03,946 --> 01:03:05,748
It's the classic pattern.

1083
01:03:05,748 --> 01:03:08,651
King Midas, you know, you
get so fascinated with coal,

1084
01:03:08,651 --> 01:03:12,455
but you destroy your
one child, you know.

1085
01:03:14,324 --> 01:03:19,696
The, you know, a miser means
a miserable person, you know,

1086
01:03:20,930 --> 01:03:23,866
even though miser is
associated with wealth.

1087
01:03:23,866 --> 01:03:29,171
- And most people don't realize
that they've been lied to,

1088
01:03:30,106 --> 01:03:32,709
that they don't understand
that this government,

1089
01:03:32,709 --> 01:03:35,645
the United States
government that was created

1090
01:03:37,146 --> 01:03:42,518
left people out and it chose
profit over people, right?

1091
01:03:49,125 --> 01:03:54,497
And the result is that people
feel that on a deep level

1092
01:03:55,498 --> 01:04:00,236
and so many people are not
cared for in this country.

1093
01:04:00,236 --> 01:04:05,575
You see homelessness, you
see the rise of mental health

1094
01:04:07,109 --> 01:04:11,180
and wellness issues
and it's really sad.

1095
01:04:11,180 --> 01:04:16,619
- There has to be an
understanding that
far too many people

1096
01:04:17,219 --> 01:04:19,756
are afraid, they are fearful.

1097
01:04:19,756 --> 01:04:22,825
And until we readily
understand that

1098
01:04:22,825 --> 01:04:26,061
and begin to address
those types of feelings

1099
01:04:26,061 --> 01:04:30,867
to make them feel that you
are not being left aside,

1100
01:04:30,867 --> 01:04:33,603
you're not being pushed away,

1101
01:04:35,037 --> 01:04:40,410
we will not get at the making
the aspirational democracy

1102
01:04:41,477 --> 01:04:42,945
a real life thing.

1103
01:04:42,945 --> 01:04:44,213
A lot of it is fear.

1104
01:04:44,213 --> 01:04:46,616
I mean, most of us, we
don't like the unknown,

1105
01:04:46,616 --> 01:04:48,484
we don't like the unexpected.

1106
01:04:48,484 --> 01:04:51,688
We don't like knowing when
I walk through this door

1107
01:04:51,688 --> 01:04:54,390
that I want to know
what's on the other side.

1108
01:04:55,925 --> 01:05:01,163
I think fear is learned.
I don't think it is...

1109
01:05:02,998 --> 01:05:04,266
We're born with it.

1110
01:05:04,266 --> 01:05:08,304
Once we stop teaching
children to be fearful

1111
01:05:09,505 --> 01:05:12,842
and we do certain things
in the educational system,

1112
01:05:12,842 --> 01:05:16,111
we're beginning to develop
a different type of society.

1113
01:05:16,111 --> 01:05:19,449
- You know, what is
acceptable in our culture?

1114
01:05:20,883 --> 01:05:25,254
Is poverty acceptable?

1115
01:05:25,254 --> 01:05:29,826
You know, if we see people
sleeping on the on the sidewalk,

1116
01:05:31,427 --> 01:05:33,062
is that acceptable?

1117
01:05:33,930 --> 01:05:38,434
Not for me and probably
not for most people.

1118
01:05:38,434 --> 01:05:43,138
And there are choices that
can be made collectively

1119
01:05:44,440 --> 01:05:48,277
to make sure that changes,
you know, and improves.

1120
01:05:48,277 --> 01:05:51,280
- The homeless problem
is one of the areas

1121
01:05:51,280 --> 01:05:53,683
that Finland has been
held up as an example

1122
01:05:53,683 --> 01:05:56,719
to other countries because
we have handled it very well.

1123
01:05:56,719 --> 01:06:00,823
Finland has a policy
of housing first

1124
01:06:01,791 --> 01:06:04,460
for people who are in
danger of becoming homeless.

1125
01:06:04,460 --> 01:06:08,831
Years ago, the policy
was changed and
explicitly said that,

1126
01:06:08,831 --> 01:06:12,434
well, everybody should
have their home first

1127
01:06:12,434 --> 01:06:14,971
and then we can start dealing
with the other problems.

1128
01:06:14,971 --> 01:06:17,974
And so this policy has
been very successful

1129
01:06:17,974 --> 01:06:20,276
and you don't really see
homeless people on the streets

1130
01:06:20,276 --> 01:06:23,045
at all in Finland, the
way you see in the US.

1131
01:06:23,045 --> 01:06:28,350
- There is an e epidemic of
loneliness that's happening.

1132
01:06:29,719 --> 01:06:31,086
When people get older.

1133
01:06:31,086 --> 01:06:35,190
Elders that that happens
with them, right?

1134
01:06:35,190 --> 01:06:40,530
When people get sick
that that happens.

1135
01:06:41,330 --> 01:06:44,233
But it's also really
important for people

1136
01:06:44,233 --> 01:06:49,539
who at an any age to be
able to connect with others

1137
01:06:53,643 --> 01:06:57,246
and talk about what's going on.

1138
01:06:57,246 --> 01:07:00,149
(upbeat music)

1139
01:07:28,344 --> 01:07:31,513
- Well, I've been
looking in my research

1140
01:07:31,513 --> 01:07:35,051
at the progressive era,
and this was an era

1141
01:07:35,051 --> 01:07:37,987
that was similar to our time.

1142
01:07:37,987 --> 01:07:41,657
We had fast wealth and quality.

1143
01:07:41,657 --> 01:07:46,195
We had Robber barons who
wielded disproportionate power.

1144
01:07:47,162 --> 01:07:50,366
It was much harder to
express yourself politically

1145
01:07:50,366 --> 01:07:53,636
if you were an average
person in the country.

1146
01:07:54,604 --> 01:07:58,307
Black people were almost
entirely disenfranchised.

1147
01:07:58,307 --> 01:07:59,976
Women couldn't vote.

1148
01:08:00,643 --> 01:08:04,714
And yet there were
great reforms.

1149
01:08:04,714 --> 01:08:07,516
We passed the income tax,

1150
01:08:07,516 --> 01:08:11,286
we passed direct
election of senators.

1151
01:08:12,554 --> 01:08:16,926
We started building the
social welfare state.

1152
01:08:16,926 --> 01:08:21,563
We created the
five day work week

1153
01:08:21,563 --> 01:08:23,365
and the eight hour work day.

1154
01:08:24,266 --> 01:08:29,605
Huge reform amid an era
of enormous inequality

1155
01:08:30,940 --> 01:08:32,241
and injustice.

1156
01:08:32,241 --> 01:08:35,111
So if they could do it,
I think we could do it.

1157
01:08:35,111 --> 01:08:37,914
(upbeat music)

1158
01:08:44,453 --> 01:08:49,825
- Economic proofs have become
accepted as self evident.

1159
01:08:50,760 --> 01:08:53,395
A second bill of rights
under which a new basis

1160
01:08:53,395 --> 01:08:57,700
of security and prosperity
can be established for all

1161
01:08:57,700 --> 01:09:01,470
regardless of station
or race or creed.

1162
01:09:02,571 --> 01:09:07,443
Among these are the right to
a useful and remunerative job.

1163
01:09:08,610 --> 01:09:11,647
The right to earn enough
to provide adequate food

1164
01:09:11,647 --> 01:09:13,750
and clothing and recreation.

1165
01:09:13,750 --> 01:09:16,819
The right of every
family to a decent home,

1166
01:09:17,519 --> 01:09:20,322
the right to
adequate medical care

1167
01:09:20,322 --> 01:09:24,226
and the opportunity to
achieve and enjoy good health.

1168
01:09:24,961 --> 01:09:27,362
The right to adequate protection

1169
01:09:28,264 --> 01:09:32,434
from the economic fears
of old age, sickness,

1170
01:09:32,434 --> 01:09:35,004
accident, and unemployment.

1171
01:09:36,038 --> 01:09:37,807
The right to a good education.

1172
01:09:39,541 --> 01:09:43,578
All of these rights
spell security.

1173
01:09:43,578 --> 01:09:48,017
And after this war is
won, we must be prepared

1174
01:09:48,017 --> 01:09:52,822
to move forward in the
implementation of these rights,

1175
01:09:52,822 --> 01:09:56,425
new goals of human
happiness and wellbeing.

1176
01:09:56,425 --> 01:09:59,328
(upbeat music)

1177
01:10:13,342 --> 01:10:15,244
- [Announcer] Working
together with the aid

1178
01:10:15,244 --> 01:10:16,713
of the Marshall Plan.

1179
01:10:17,847 --> 01:10:21,483
The nations of Europe have come
a long way toward recovery,

1180
01:10:23,052 --> 01:10:26,088
recovery for peace.

1181
01:10:26,088 --> 01:10:28,991
(gentle music)

1182
01:10:34,730 --> 01:10:36,966
This is the Marshall Plan.

1183
01:10:36,966 --> 01:10:42,238
Men and machines at
work producing clothes,

1184
01:10:43,939 --> 01:10:48,911
shoes, food, houses,
machines, all over Europe.

1185
01:10:52,714 --> 01:10:54,851
Recovery was
leading to new hope.

1186
01:10:56,085 --> 01:11:00,022
- When the United States
as it is prone to do

1187
01:11:00,022 --> 01:11:03,658
attacks other nations and
overthrows their government

1188
01:11:03,658 --> 01:11:05,561
and installs a new government,

1189
01:11:05,561 --> 01:11:09,698
they do not install the
government that we have here.

1190
01:11:09,698 --> 01:11:12,869
They usually put in a
parliamentary democracy

1191
01:11:12,869 --> 01:11:14,603
with a presidential figurehead.

1192
01:11:14,603 --> 01:11:18,040
They do not put in this
presidential system

1193
01:11:18,040 --> 01:11:19,809
with an electoral college.

1194
01:11:19,809 --> 01:11:23,145
They do not put in a system
where the head of state

1195
01:11:23,145 --> 01:11:25,381
and the head of the
legislative body

1196
01:11:25,381 --> 01:11:28,483
can be different
parties so that gridlock

1197
01:11:28,483 --> 01:11:30,185
and dysfunction can ensue.

1198
01:11:30,185 --> 01:11:32,454
They do not put in our
system of government.

1199
01:11:32,454 --> 01:11:37,759
In Germany, in Japan, in
Iraq, it just doesn't happen.

1200
01:11:38,660 --> 01:11:40,629
And it shows you that
there's an insight there

1201
01:11:40,629 --> 01:11:44,533
that the leaders of
this government know

1202
01:11:44,533 --> 01:11:48,570
that we don't want our
government exported anywhere

1203
01:11:48,570 --> 01:11:49,872
because it just won't work.

1204
01:11:51,040 --> 01:11:53,575
(upbeat music)

1205
01:12:20,836 --> 01:12:24,440
(upbeat music continues)

1206
01:12:40,890 --> 01:12:42,858
- One of the strongest
social democracies

1207
01:12:42,858 --> 01:12:44,193
in the world is Finland.

1208
01:12:44,193 --> 01:12:47,729
Anu Partanen is a Finnish
writer living in Helsinki.

1209
01:12:47,729 --> 01:12:53,068
- And there's a sort of a
typical Nordic welfare state

1210
01:12:54,470 --> 01:12:55,972
where most of the government
policies are universal

1211
01:12:55,972 --> 01:12:58,273
in terms of universal healthcare

1212
01:12:58,273 --> 01:13:00,642
and universal public
education system,

1213
01:13:00,642 --> 01:13:05,982
universal access to
subsidized affordable daycare,

1214
01:13:06,916 --> 01:13:08,184
and so on and so on.

1215
01:13:08,184 --> 01:13:10,386
So most of the
government policies

1216
01:13:10,386 --> 01:13:14,423
are based on the idea of
equality of opportunity

1217
01:13:14,423 --> 01:13:17,826
and universal policies that
help everyone in the country.

1218
01:13:17,826 --> 01:13:19,695
I used to live in New York City,

1219
01:13:19,695 --> 01:13:20,930
I didn't make that much money.

1220
01:13:20,930 --> 01:13:23,565
I was, I think, well
maybe lower middle class

1221
01:13:23,565 --> 01:13:25,167
while I was living there.

1222
01:13:25,167 --> 01:13:28,870
And my tax rate on my
income was exactly the same

1223
01:13:28,870 --> 01:13:33,242
as it had been in Finland
because I paid federal and city

1224
01:13:33,242 --> 01:13:35,777
and state tax there.

1225
01:13:35,777 --> 01:13:40,782
And then on top of that, in
the US I paid health insurance

1226
01:13:40,782 --> 01:13:44,786
and if I had had a child,
I would've paid for daycare

1227
01:13:44,786 --> 01:13:47,156
and so on, which in
Finland is provided

1228
01:13:47,156 --> 01:13:48,724
or subsidized with taxes.

1229
01:13:48,724 --> 01:13:50,026
So for someone like me,

1230
01:13:50,026 --> 01:13:52,528
lower middle class
living in New York City,

1231
01:13:52,528 --> 01:13:54,329
my income taxes
were about the same,

1232
01:13:54,329 --> 01:13:56,398
but I got much less in return.

1233
01:13:56,398 --> 01:14:00,236
Overall, Finland does not
have as high tax rates

1234
01:14:00,236 --> 01:14:02,538
on income as Americans
tend to think.

1235
01:14:02,538 --> 01:14:05,741
I mean, typically if
you make middle class

1236
01:14:05,741 --> 01:14:08,377
or upper middle class,
your tax rate is maybe 30%

1237
01:14:08,377 --> 01:14:12,581
Finnish people get
for their taxes

1238
01:14:13,615 --> 01:14:15,884
a lot of the services that
unfortunately the Americans

1239
01:14:15,884 --> 01:14:19,621
have to pay really high rates
for on top of their taxes.

1240
01:14:20,422 --> 01:14:22,524
- I don't think we
can go on much longer

1241
01:14:22,524 --> 01:14:24,159
with the system that we have.

1242
01:14:24,159 --> 01:14:28,630
It is rapidly
folding in on itself

1243
01:14:28,630 --> 01:14:32,768
in a way that is really
dysfunctional and dangerous.

1244
01:14:32,768 --> 01:14:38,107
So I hope that the powers
that be see it the way

1245
01:14:38,673 --> 01:14:40,375
that I see it and will work

1246
01:14:40,375 --> 01:14:42,344
to make these
structural changes.

1247
01:14:42,344 --> 01:14:45,247
(upbeat music)

1248
01:14:51,087 --> 01:14:54,323
- And when I travel the
country talking to voters

1249
01:14:54,323 --> 01:14:56,492
about their frustrations
about democracy,

1250
01:14:56,492 --> 01:14:59,328
although people are fed
up with the current state

1251
01:14:59,328 --> 01:15:03,032
of politics, people still
believe in something better.

1252
01:15:03,032 --> 01:15:07,036
And I think to me that is
what kind of keeps me going

1253
01:15:07,036 --> 01:15:09,138
and always reminding myself

1254
01:15:09,138 --> 01:15:12,174
that if we are to
be in this fight

1255
01:15:12,174 --> 01:15:14,043
for a truly just democracy,

1256
01:15:14,043 --> 01:15:17,346
we need to understand what
does that actually look like

1257
01:15:17,346 --> 01:15:19,281
and build that
future for ourselves.

1258
01:15:19,281 --> 01:15:22,384
And that looks like starting
with addressing the flaws

1259
01:15:22,384 --> 01:15:23,819
of our democratic institutions

1260
01:15:23,819 --> 01:15:26,721
and understanding how that
will impact every single issue

1261
01:15:26,721 --> 01:15:29,791
that I care about, and my
generation cares about.

1262
01:15:29,791 --> 01:15:33,195
I mean, you have so
many amazing examples

1263
01:15:33,195 --> 01:15:35,730
throughout the world
of everyday people

1264
01:15:35,730 --> 01:15:39,168
trying to figure out ways
to incorporate democracy

1265
01:15:39,168 --> 01:15:42,371
in decision making over things
that impact their lives.

1266
01:15:42,371 --> 01:15:44,673
And so for me, I think
it's important for us

1267
01:15:44,673 --> 01:15:48,144
to always kind of get
out of that American only

1268
01:15:48,144 --> 01:15:51,413
America first mindset
and to realize that

1269
01:15:51,413 --> 01:15:53,715
if we want to truly
be this democracy

1270
01:15:53,715 --> 01:15:56,185
that America espouses to
be, we need to keep up

1271
01:15:56,185 --> 01:15:57,686
with the rest of the world.

1272
01:15:57,686 --> 01:16:00,755
And we also need to redefine
what democracy looks like

1273
01:16:00,755 --> 01:16:03,592
for a different generation

1274
01:16:03,592 --> 01:16:05,760
which hopefully we
are going to do.

1275
01:16:05,760 --> 01:16:08,664
(upbeat music)

1276
01:16:15,770 --> 01:16:17,038
- If it was up to me,

1277
01:16:17,038 --> 01:16:18,707
the Senate would be made
into a House of Lords

1278
01:16:18,707 --> 01:16:21,009
where they don't
have much impact

1279
01:16:21,009 --> 01:16:23,478
on the national
conversation whatsoever.

1280
01:16:23,478 --> 01:16:26,582
And that we would
increase and create

1281
01:16:26,582 --> 01:16:30,051
proportional representation
in the various states

1282
01:16:30,051 --> 01:16:32,087
for the House of
Representatives.

1283
01:16:32,087 --> 01:16:35,357
So that if you know
there's an election

1284
01:16:35,357 --> 01:16:39,628
and 55% say we
want the Democrats

1285
01:16:39,628 --> 01:16:42,264
and 45% we say we
want the Republicans,

1286
01:16:42,264 --> 01:16:46,135
then that's the ratio
that goes to Congress.

1287
01:16:46,135 --> 01:16:48,404
- How would I change the Senate?

1288
01:16:48,404 --> 01:16:52,807
You can go any number of ways
that make it more democratic.

1289
01:16:52,807 --> 01:16:58,113
One way you could go is
just give those states

1290
01:16:59,215 --> 01:17:03,919
with certain populations, five
senators as opposed to two,

1291
01:17:04,753 --> 01:17:08,424
give the Wyomings of
the world one Senator

1292
01:17:08,424 --> 01:17:11,092
and do disproportionate
that way.

1293
01:17:11,092 --> 01:17:16,432
Or a more radical idea is
let's just take power away

1294
01:17:17,466 --> 01:17:20,001
from the Senate and make the
House of Representatives,

1295
01:17:20,001 --> 01:17:22,671
which is a much more
democratic institution,

1296
01:17:22,671 --> 01:17:25,340
a much more representative
institution,

1297
01:17:25,340 --> 01:17:28,076
a much more
institution in the mold

1298
01:17:28,076 --> 01:17:31,546
of what Madison
originally intended.

1299
01:17:31,546 --> 01:17:34,082
Make it so much more powerful.

1300
01:17:34,082 --> 01:17:35,617
First of all, you
need more people.

1301
01:17:35,617 --> 01:17:37,118
So let's say a thousand people

1302
01:17:37,118 --> 01:17:39,255
in the House of Representatives,

1303
01:17:39,255 --> 01:17:41,823
but take the set power
of the Senate away.

1304
01:17:41,823 --> 01:17:44,593
Just give them confirmation
power, you know,

1305
01:17:44,593 --> 01:17:46,328
confirmed treaties
and things like that.

1306
01:17:46,328 --> 01:17:50,832
- We can come
together and fix this.

1307
01:17:50,832 --> 01:17:55,204
We could fix much of
what ails the US Senate

1308
01:17:55,204 --> 01:17:56,472
through statute.

1309
01:17:56,472 --> 01:18:01,543
It wouldn't even require
a constitutional amendment

1310
01:18:01,876 --> 01:18:03,178
in some cases.

1311
01:18:03,178 --> 01:18:05,847
- How about a six year
term for the president

1312
01:18:05,847 --> 01:18:08,149
with a two year
retention election?

1313
01:18:08,149 --> 01:18:10,952
So you get one six year term

1314
01:18:10,952 --> 01:18:15,023
and if you're good, the
people vote either up or down

1315
01:18:15,023 --> 01:18:16,858
for an additional two years.

1316
01:18:16,858 --> 01:18:19,228
If you're bad, you're
out after six years.

1317
01:18:19,228 --> 01:18:21,730
If you're good,
eight is the limit,

1318
01:18:21,730 --> 01:18:23,898
but you're not running
against anybody.

1319
01:18:23,898 --> 01:18:26,802
(upbeat music)

1320
01:18:32,241 --> 01:18:34,443
- [Announcer] Politics
is tearing us apart

1321
01:18:34,443 --> 01:18:37,679
and it's because elections
aren't working for most of us.

1322
01:18:37,679 --> 01:18:38,747
Here's why.

1323
01:18:39,648 --> 01:18:42,050
In the US each of us can
vote for the candidate

1324
01:18:42,050 --> 01:18:43,352
we like the most.

1325
01:18:43,352 --> 01:18:45,420
But whenever more than
two candidates are running

1326
01:18:45,420 --> 01:18:48,324
to win one seat, it's
possible for most voters

1327
01:18:48,324 --> 01:18:50,425
to hate whoever wins.

1328
01:18:50,425 --> 01:18:53,329
Because of the split vote,
politicians can ignore the will

1329
01:18:53,329 --> 01:18:55,797
of most voters and still win.

1330
01:18:55,797 --> 01:18:57,966
Ranked choice voting
gives you the freedom

1331
01:18:57,966 --> 01:19:01,703
to select a backup choice to
prevent that from happening.

1332
01:19:01,703 --> 01:19:04,005
Let's say a group uses
ranked choice voting

1333
01:19:04,005 --> 01:19:06,742
to decide what to eat
for dinner tonight.

1334
01:19:06,742 --> 01:19:09,077
Each voter selects
their favorite dish,

1335
01:19:09,077 --> 01:19:12,348
but also has the option
to choose backup dishes.

1336
01:19:12,348 --> 01:19:14,616
If one food receives
more than half the votes,

1337
01:19:14,616 --> 01:19:18,053
it wins just like in
any other election.

1338
01:19:18,053 --> 01:19:19,321
But let's get to dessert

1339
01:19:19,321 --> 01:19:21,690
where the competition
is more fierce.

1340
01:19:21,690 --> 01:19:25,694
What if no ice cream flavor
has more than 50% of the vote?

1341
01:19:25,694 --> 01:19:27,028
Under a normal race,

1342
01:19:27,028 --> 01:19:29,664
vanilla would win even
though a majority of voters

1343
01:19:29,664 --> 01:19:31,232
didn't pick it.

1344
01:19:31,232 --> 01:19:32,501
With ranked choice voting,

1345
01:19:32,501 --> 01:19:35,203
the flavor with the fewest
votes is eliminated.

1346
01:19:35,203 --> 01:19:37,639
And voters who chose that
flavor is number one,

1347
01:19:37,639 --> 01:19:41,109
will have their votes count
for their next choice.

1348
01:19:41,109 --> 01:19:44,178
Everyone gets a say, no
one wastes their vote,

1349
01:19:44,178 --> 01:19:45,514
and the winner is the flavor

1350
01:19:45,514 --> 01:19:48,350
that the largest number
of people agreed upon.

1351
01:19:48,350 --> 01:19:50,018
That's ranked choice voting,

1352
01:19:50,018 --> 01:19:52,888
it's as easy as one, two, three.

1353
01:19:52,888 --> 01:19:55,357
You get more voice
and more choice

1354
01:19:55,357 --> 01:19:57,292
and that makes elections
better for all of us.

1355
01:19:57,292 --> 01:20:00,995
- So if you end single
member winner take all

1356
01:20:00,995 --> 01:20:05,401
and replace it with a system
of multi-member districts,

1357
01:20:05,401 --> 01:20:08,804
larger districts are
represented by three, four,

1358
01:20:08,804 --> 01:20:11,940
or five members using
rank choice voting.

1359
01:20:12,908 --> 01:20:17,813
What you begin to see is
that every single district

1360
01:20:18,713 --> 01:20:22,317
is represented by a
Democrat by a Republican,

1361
01:20:22,317 --> 01:20:24,119
maybe by an independent,

1362
01:20:24,119 --> 01:20:26,422
you begin to actually
get districts

1363
01:20:26,422 --> 01:20:30,091
that reflect the
ideological variance

1364
01:20:30,091 --> 01:20:33,895
and complexity of a state.

1365
01:20:33,895 --> 01:20:39,100
And it makes a huge difference.

1366
01:20:39,100 --> 01:20:42,303
When you use
multi-member districts,

1367
01:20:42,303 --> 01:20:46,074
you create a more
proportional Congress,

1368
01:20:47,041 --> 01:20:51,513
suddenly everybody is reflected.

1369
01:20:51,513 --> 01:20:54,983
Suddenly every vote
actually matters.

1370
01:20:54,983 --> 01:20:57,919
Suddenly every
district is competitive

1371
01:20:57,919 --> 01:21:02,824
and a swing district, this
is a transformative plan

1372
01:21:03,792 --> 01:21:07,762
that would remake the very
nature of our politics.

1373
01:21:07,762 --> 01:21:12,000
It would fix so much
of what is broken,

1374
01:21:12,000 --> 01:21:15,871
and it would bring
us in line really

1375
01:21:15,871 --> 01:21:19,374
with what modern democracies
around the world do.

1376
01:21:19,374 --> 01:21:22,911
We are not as polarized
as our politics

1377
01:21:22,911 --> 01:21:25,246
would lead us to believe.

1378
01:21:25,246 --> 01:21:29,885
It's simply that the
structures of our system elect

1379
01:21:30,619 --> 01:21:33,655
the most polarizing
extreme members

1380
01:21:33,655 --> 01:21:38,059
and then incentivize them to
behave in the most extreme

1381
01:21:38,059 --> 01:21:40,261
and polarizing ways.

1382
01:21:40,261 --> 01:21:43,064
If we could change
those incentives,

1383
01:21:43,064 --> 01:21:46,502
we could have a
politics that all of us

1384
01:21:46,502 --> 01:21:48,937
actually believed in again,

1385
01:21:48,937 --> 01:21:52,874
and that more importantly,
actually reflected

1386
01:21:52,874 --> 01:21:54,676
all of our beliefs.

1387
01:21:54,676 --> 01:21:59,581
When you look at polls, it
doesn't matter how controversial

1388
01:21:59,581 --> 01:22:04,486
the issue is, almost
every hot button issue,

1389
01:22:04,986 --> 01:22:06,254
there's a path forward.

1390
01:22:06,254 --> 01:22:08,657
Our politics can't get there

1391
01:22:08,657 --> 01:22:11,593
because of the way
we elect people.

1392
01:22:11,593 --> 01:22:12,961
- A lot of the frustrations
that young people

1393
01:22:12,961 --> 01:22:15,263
are facing right
now do kind of stem

1394
01:22:15,263 --> 01:22:17,165
from this archaic
two party system

1395
01:22:17,165 --> 01:22:18,366
that the United States have,

1396
01:22:18,366 --> 01:22:21,937
which is an outlier
in modern democracies.

1397
01:22:21,937 --> 01:22:24,338
And where as a result
of that frustration,

1398
01:22:24,338 --> 01:22:28,443
we're seeing increasingly a
trend of young people and Gen Z

1399
01:22:28,443 --> 01:22:31,547
and millennial
voters not affiliate

1400
01:22:31,547 --> 01:22:33,381
with parties when
they register to vote.

1401
01:22:33,381 --> 01:22:36,184
We're especially seeing that
in places like the southwest,

1402
01:22:36,184 --> 01:22:37,852
Arizona, Texas, Nevada,

1403
01:22:37,852 --> 01:22:39,955
where more and
more young people,

1404
01:22:39,955 --> 01:22:43,658
almost half of young voters are
not registering with a party

1405
01:22:43,658 --> 01:22:46,928
because they are fed up with
the two party political system

1406
01:22:46,928 --> 01:22:49,965
and are eager for alternatives.

1407
01:22:49,965 --> 01:22:52,867
(upbeat music)

1408
01:22:58,740 --> 01:23:00,642
- The size of the Supreme Court

1409
01:23:00,642 --> 01:23:03,311
has changed throughout history.

1410
01:23:03,311 --> 01:23:07,516
It is not a
constitutionally number.

1411
01:23:07,516 --> 01:23:10,885
So we can absolutely
constitutionally change

1412
01:23:10,885 --> 01:23:12,253
the size of the court.

1413
01:23:13,254 --> 01:23:17,492
I think we should also
change the terms of the court

1414
01:23:17,492 --> 01:23:19,795
right now Justices get to serve

1415
01:23:19,795 --> 01:23:22,664
for the rest of
their natural lives

1416
01:23:22,664 --> 01:23:25,100
unless they choose to retire.

1417
01:23:25,100 --> 01:23:29,237
There's no other position
in American democracy

1418
01:23:29,237 --> 01:23:31,172
that operates like that.

1419
01:23:31,172 --> 01:23:35,443
And it's pretty ridiculous
that we have this handful

1420
01:23:35,443 --> 01:23:40,749
of people ruling forever
basically over a country.

1421
01:23:44,452 --> 01:23:46,855
What hundreds of
millions of people.

1422
01:23:47,623 --> 01:23:50,559
(upbeat music)

1423
01:23:55,930 --> 01:23:59,601
- No conflict or policy
puzzle is intractable

1424
01:23:59,601 --> 01:24:01,536
if you engage citizens.

1425
01:24:01,536 --> 01:24:04,438
And that concept can be
extended beyond polling.

1426
01:24:04,438 --> 01:24:06,507
Look at Ireland as
foreign policy notes.

1427
01:24:06,507 --> 01:24:08,943
Many think that the
historic referendum

1428
01:24:08,943 --> 01:24:11,079
that legalized
abortion last year

1429
01:24:11,079 --> 01:24:12,513
would not have been possible

1430
01:24:12,513 --> 01:24:16,484
had the government not convened
an assembly of 99 citizens

1431
01:24:16,484 --> 01:24:19,054
to debate the matter
two years earlier.

1432
01:24:19,054 --> 01:24:20,755
The assembly ended
up recommending

1433
01:24:20,755 --> 01:24:23,024
unrestricted access to abortion.

1434
01:24:23,024 --> 01:24:25,661
Former British Prime Minister
Gordon Brown has proposed

1435
01:24:25,661 --> 01:24:29,430
citizens assemblies to fix
the dilemma that is Brexit.

1436
01:24:29,430 --> 01:24:31,867
Environmental groups think
that they could help solve

1437
01:24:31,867 --> 01:24:35,070
policy gridlock over
the climate crisis.

1438
01:24:35,070 --> 01:24:37,739
If such assemblies
are really empowered,

1439
01:24:37,739 --> 01:24:40,809
they might prove what
Fishman's polling suggests.

1440
01:24:40,809 --> 01:24:43,845
Anything is possible when
people start engaging

1441
01:24:43,845 --> 01:24:45,881
with each other and
with their government.

1442
01:24:45,881 --> 01:24:49,050
- So deliberative democracy
is where we all get together

1443
01:24:49,050 --> 01:24:51,887
and we work through our problems

1444
01:24:51,887 --> 01:24:53,922
and find solutions together.

1445
01:24:53,922 --> 01:24:56,925
Rather than saying that
person we voted for,

1446
01:24:56,925 --> 01:24:58,593
they've gotta sort it out.

1447
01:24:58,593 --> 01:25:00,862
How can we find
a common decision

1448
01:25:00,862 --> 01:25:03,965
which is actually gonna
be good for all of us?

1449
01:25:03,965 --> 01:25:07,602
And by sitting down
and working it through,

1450
01:25:07,602 --> 01:25:12,941
through deliberation, that
provides a much stronger basis

1451
01:25:13,775 --> 01:25:17,245
for careful nuanced
clever decision making

1452
01:25:17,245 --> 01:25:21,182
than these stupid binaries
which are imposed on us

1453
01:25:21,182 --> 01:25:22,918
by the current political system.

1454
01:25:22,918 --> 01:25:27,723
Where people are allowed to
behave as democratic citizens.

1455
01:25:27,723 --> 01:25:30,391
It has a transformative
effect on them.

1456
01:25:30,391 --> 01:25:33,394
It turns them into
intelligent citizens.

1457
01:25:33,394 --> 01:25:37,899
And what we see consistently
with participatory democracy

1458
01:25:37,899 --> 01:25:41,369
is that the people make
decisions which are much fairer,

1459
01:25:41,369 --> 01:25:45,774
much greener, much longer
term than their so-called

1460
01:25:45,774 --> 01:25:47,475
representatives do.

1461
01:25:47,475 --> 01:25:49,310
And people are not idiots.

1462
01:25:49,310 --> 01:25:52,280
They very quickly
work these things out

1463
01:25:52,280 --> 01:25:54,916
when they're given
the responsibility.

1464
01:25:54,916 --> 01:25:57,152
It's this process
of radical trust.

1465
01:25:57,152 --> 01:25:59,187
If you trust in the people,

1466
01:25:59,187 --> 01:26:01,790
the people make
trustworthy decisions.

1467
01:26:01,790 --> 01:26:04,693
(upbeat music)

1468
01:26:11,299 --> 01:26:14,869
- Today, an oligarch is
taking shape in America

1469
01:26:14,869 --> 01:26:17,438
of extreme wealth,
power, and influence

1470
01:26:17,438 --> 01:26:20,374
that literally threatens
our entire democracy,

1471
01:26:20,374 --> 01:26:22,576
our basic rights and freedoms

1472
01:26:23,411 --> 01:26:26,314
and a fair shot for
everyone to get ahead.

1473
01:26:26,314 --> 01:26:29,718
- Like that, they're not
going to give up their money

1474
01:26:29,718 --> 01:26:32,586
and influence and power easily.

1475
01:26:33,454 --> 01:26:35,423
You know, there needs
to be a countervailing

1476
01:26:35,423 --> 01:26:37,759
political push against it.

1477
01:26:37,759 --> 01:26:43,031
There was in the progressive
era, there was in the New Deal,

1478
01:26:43,765 --> 01:26:46,034
you know, FDR
embraced their hatred.

1479
01:26:46,034 --> 01:26:48,069
- [Franklin] We had to struggle

1480
01:26:48,069 --> 01:26:50,939
with the old enemies of peace,

1481
01:26:50,939 --> 01:26:53,341
business and financial monopoly,

1482
01:26:53,341 --> 01:26:58,079
speculation, reckless
banking, class antagonism,

1483
01:26:58,079 --> 01:27:00,782
sectionalism, war profiteering.

1484
01:27:01,817 --> 01:27:03,617
They had begun to
consider the government

1485
01:27:03,617 --> 01:27:07,288
of the United States
as a mere appendage

1486
01:27:07,288 --> 01:27:08,990
to their own affairs.

1487
01:27:10,191 --> 01:27:15,096
And we know now that
government by organized money

1488
01:27:16,097 --> 01:27:21,169
is just as dangerous as
government by organized mob.

1489
01:27:21,602 --> 01:27:24,372
(crowd cheers)

1490
01:27:24,372 --> 01:27:27,141
Never before in all our
history have these forces

1491
01:27:29,010 --> 01:27:34,382
been so united against one
candidate as they stand today,

1492
01:27:35,183 --> 01:27:39,354
they are unanimous
in their hate for me.

1493
01:27:39,354 --> 01:27:42,090
And I welcome their hatred.

1494
01:27:42,090 --> 01:27:45,293
(crowd cheers)

1495
01:27:45,293 --> 01:27:50,631
I should like to have it said
of my first administration

1496
01:27:51,766 --> 01:27:56,437
that in it, the cause
of selfishness and
of lust for power

1497
01:27:57,638 --> 01:27:59,473
met their match.

1498
01:27:59,473 --> 01:28:03,611
I should like to have
it said, wait a minute,

1499
01:28:03,611 --> 01:28:07,481
I should like to have it said
of my second administration,

1500
01:28:07,481 --> 01:28:11,485
that in it, these
forces met their master.

1501
01:28:11,485 --> 01:28:14,355
(crows cheers)

1502
01:28:14,355 --> 01:28:18,559
- And so it is
politically, you can do it.

1503
01:28:18,559 --> 01:28:21,562
They are a tiny sliver of
the American population

1504
01:28:21,562 --> 01:28:25,766
and even combined, their
power is disproportionate,

1505
01:28:25,766 --> 01:28:31,072
but it's not inevitable
and it's not unassailable,

1506
01:28:31,606 --> 01:28:33,641
but it requires leadership

1507
01:28:33,641 --> 01:28:37,812
and it requires
democratic champions,

1508
01:28:37,812 --> 01:28:41,215
you know, champions of
democracy and of equity.

1509
01:28:42,650 --> 01:28:46,587
(singer singing in Spanish)

1510
01:29:10,211 --> 01:29:13,181
- Banks were under such
pressure, you know,

1511
01:29:13,181 --> 01:29:15,716
and a lot of banks and the
truth is were unwilling to fight

1512
01:29:15,716 --> 01:29:18,052
with their regulators
because they would just come

1513
01:29:18,052 --> 01:29:19,354
and punish you more.

1514
01:29:19,354 --> 01:29:20,455
So in this great
country of ours,

1515
01:29:20,455 --> 01:29:21,722
you know, you're
unwilling to speak up

1516
01:29:21,722 --> 01:29:22,857
because they'll come after you.

1517
01:29:22,857 --> 01:29:24,792
I've been told by
people at the Fed,

1518
01:29:24,792 --> 01:29:27,495
you know that because
of what you have said

1519
01:29:27,495 --> 01:29:28,729
and what you wrote about,

1520
01:29:28,729 --> 01:29:29,931
you know, they're
coming after you.

1521
01:29:29,931 --> 01:29:32,600
It could be
supervisory, it's gross.

1522
01:29:32,600 --> 01:29:33,935
Time to fight back.

1523
01:29:33,935 --> 01:29:35,937
And so now you have the
FSF, which is the big banks,

1524
01:29:35,937 --> 01:29:40,641
the ABA, which is you guys,
BPI, all coordinated about

1525
01:29:40,641 --> 01:29:42,210
how we're gonna
attack these problems.

1526
01:29:42,210 --> 01:29:43,844
What's fair, what's not fair.

1527
01:29:43,844 --> 01:29:45,413
We don't want to get
involved in litigation

1528
01:29:45,413 --> 01:29:46,814
just to make a point.

1529
01:29:46,814 --> 01:29:48,383
But I think, you know, if
you're in a knife fight,

1530
01:29:48,383 --> 01:29:49,918
you better damn
well bring a knife

1531
01:29:49,918 --> 01:29:51,452
and you know,
that's where we are.

1532
01:29:51,452 --> 01:29:55,156
And it's about time, including
the big box retailers.

1533
01:29:55,156 --> 01:29:56,624
It's time to fight back.

1534
01:29:56,624 --> 01:29:59,793
I've had it with these
(beep), like, you know, and.

1535
01:30:00,428 --> 01:30:03,764
(audience applauds)

1536
01:30:06,467 --> 01:30:08,669
And we bank a lot of
these guys and I just...

1537
01:30:08,669 --> 01:30:11,006
It isn't my preferred way
of dealing with the problem,

1538
01:30:11,006 --> 01:30:12,273
but we have no choice.

1539
01:30:12,273 --> 01:30:15,109
- [Interviewer] If you
had some capability

1540
01:30:15,109 --> 01:30:16,810
to do something about
Wall Street, about this.

1541
01:30:16,810 --> 01:30:19,047
What would you dictate to that?

1542
01:30:19,047 --> 01:30:21,115
- Oh, do something
about Wall Street.

1543
01:30:21,115 --> 01:30:22,917
Nationalize all the big banks.

1544
01:30:24,785 --> 01:30:27,555
Put a limit on private equity
companies that they can,

1545
01:30:27,555 --> 01:30:32,893
you know, that they can play
with no more than $10 billion

1546
01:30:33,394 --> 01:30:34,162
rather than 10 trillion.

1547
01:30:35,063 --> 01:30:37,532
You know, they're the
shadow banking industry.

1548
01:30:38,699 --> 01:30:40,001
I would clamp down
on them full bore

1549
01:30:40,001 --> 01:30:42,136
and I would just
nationalize the large banks.

1550
01:30:43,404 --> 01:30:44,805
I don't understand why
something that important

1551
01:30:44,805 --> 01:30:47,808
to the US economy should
be in the hands of a few.

1552
01:30:47,808 --> 01:30:51,046
Whose primary goal in life
is to enrich themselves.

1553
01:30:51,046 --> 01:30:54,682
(singer singing in Spanish)

1554
01:30:59,853 --> 01:31:02,090
- And what has happened
in that 50 years

1555
01:31:02,090 --> 01:31:04,425
is according to the
Rand Corporation,

1556
01:31:04,425 --> 01:31:08,997
there has been a 50 trillion,
trillion with the T,

1557
01:31:08,997 --> 01:31:13,034
redistribution of wealth from
the bottom 90% of the top 1%.

1558
01:31:13,034 --> 01:31:15,803
You've got CEOs today
making 300 times more

1559
01:31:15,803 --> 01:31:17,305
than their workers.

1560
01:31:17,305 --> 01:31:19,074
You've got three people
on top owning more wealth

1561
01:31:19,074 --> 01:31:21,875
then the bottom half
of American society.

1562
01:31:21,875 --> 01:31:24,312
So that's why people are angry

1563
01:31:24,312 --> 01:31:25,679
and they're worried
that their kids may have

1564
01:31:25,679 --> 01:31:27,782
a lower standard
of living than they

1565
01:31:27,782 --> 01:31:30,518
in the wealthiest country
in the history of the world.

1566
01:31:30,518 --> 01:31:32,386
So there's a lot
of anger out there,

1567
01:31:32,386 --> 01:31:35,156
and I think we tap some of that
anger in a constructive way,

1568
01:31:35,156 --> 01:31:37,025
essentially saying,
you know what?

1569
01:31:37,025 --> 01:31:40,694
We don't need so few to have
so much in wealth and power.

1570
01:31:40,694 --> 01:31:43,164
Let's distribute it
more fairly in America.

1571
01:31:43,164 --> 01:31:47,068
(singer singing in Spanish)

1572
01:31:57,578 --> 01:31:59,880
- So something needs
to change here.

1573
01:31:59,880 --> 01:32:01,982
I mean, 10 years ago,
the World Economic Forum

1574
01:32:01,982 --> 01:32:03,384
asked the question,

1575
01:32:03,384 --> 01:32:07,255
what must industry do to
prevent a broad social backlash?

1576
01:32:08,189 --> 01:32:09,457
The answer's very simple.

1577
01:32:09,457 --> 01:32:12,060
Just stop talking
about philanthropy

1578
01:32:12,060 --> 01:32:13,594
and start talking about taxes.

1579
01:32:13,594 --> 01:32:15,130
Taxes, taxes. We need to...

1580
01:32:15,130 --> 01:32:16,397
I mean just two days ago

1581
01:32:16,397 --> 01:32:17,832
there was a billionaire
in here, what's his name?

1582
01:32:17,832 --> 01:32:19,067
Michael Dell.

1583
01:32:19,067 --> 01:32:21,402
And he asked a question like,

1584
01:32:21,402 --> 01:32:24,339
name me one country where
a top marginal tax rate

1585
01:32:24,339 --> 01:32:26,607
of 70% has actually worked.

1586
01:32:26,607 --> 01:32:28,376
And you know, I'm a historian.

1587
01:32:29,443 --> 01:32:31,245
The United States, that's
where it has actually worked.

1588
01:32:31,245 --> 01:32:34,849
In the 1950s during Republican
President Eisenhower,

1589
01:32:34,849 --> 01:32:36,084
you know, the war veteran?

1590
01:32:36,084 --> 01:32:39,487
The top marginal tax
rate in the US was 91%.

1591
01:32:39,487 --> 01:32:42,456
For people like Michael Dell,
you know, the top state tax

1592
01:32:42,456 --> 01:32:45,326
for people like Michael
Dell was more than 70%.

1593
01:32:45,326 --> 01:32:47,461
I mean, this is
not rocket science.

1594
01:32:47,461 --> 01:32:49,164
I mean, we can talk for
a very long time about

1595
01:32:49,164 --> 01:32:51,031
all these stupid
philanthropy schemes.

1596
01:32:51,031 --> 01:32:53,368
We can invite Bono once more.

1597
01:32:53,368 --> 01:32:56,104
Come on, we gotta be talking
about taxes. That's it.

1598
01:32:56,104 --> 01:32:57,705
Taxes, taxes, taxes, taxes.

1599
01:32:57,705 --> 01:33:00,141
All the rest is
bullshit in my opinion.

1600
01:33:00,141 --> 01:33:00,941
- [Host] Thank you.

1601
01:33:00,941 --> 01:33:04,345
(audience applauds)

1602
01:33:04,345 --> 01:33:07,148
(upbeat music)

1603
01:33:26,601 --> 01:33:28,636
- Well, look, the reason
why people consent

1604
01:33:28,636 --> 01:33:32,473
to our grossly unfair and highly
destructive economic system

1605
01:33:32,473 --> 01:33:35,276
is that they think that one
day they will be the winners.

1606
01:33:35,276 --> 01:33:38,112
You know, we all believe
we're temporarily

1607
01:33:38,112 --> 01:33:42,183
embarrassed millionaires,
and one day it will be us.

1608
01:33:42,183 --> 01:33:45,085
Of course it won't be because
some people are supremely rich

1609
01:33:45,085 --> 01:33:47,888
because they exploit
everyone else.

1610
01:33:47,888 --> 01:33:51,492
But we can all aspire
to public luxury,

1611
01:33:51,492 --> 01:33:54,729
to magnificent public tennis
courts and swimming pools

1612
01:33:54,729 --> 01:33:59,300
and art galleries and museums
and parks and wonderful things

1613
01:33:59,300 --> 01:34:00,501
that we can all enjoy together

1614
01:34:00,501 --> 01:34:03,671
without taking them
away from other people.

1615
01:34:03,671 --> 01:34:06,073
And there's plenty of
ecological space for that

1616
01:34:06,073 --> 01:34:08,976
because we are sharing
those resources.

1617
01:34:08,976 --> 01:34:11,078
So the economic
system I want to see

1618
01:34:11,078 --> 01:34:14,081
would be built on what I
call private sufficiency.

1619
01:34:14,081 --> 01:34:16,451
You have your own modest
domain, your own home

1620
01:34:16,451 --> 01:34:18,986
with your own things in it,
that you meet your needs.

1621
01:34:18,986 --> 01:34:20,554
That's totally fine.

1622
01:34:20,554 --> 01:34:24,158
But public luxury, if you
want to spread your wings

1623
01:34:24,158 --> 01:34:27,361
and have luxury in your
life, then let's have luxury

1624
01:34:27,361 --> 01:34:30,965
that everyone can share
in the public domain.

1625
01:34:30,965 --> 01:34:33,734
And that can either be
owned by the community,

1626
01:34:33,734 --> 01:34:36,404
which would be ideal
from my point of view.

1627
01:34:36,404 --> 01:34:38,473
You know, we should
own our local resources

1628
01:34:38,473 --> 01:34:41,709
and have commons that
we could all enjoy,

1629
01:34:41,709 --> 01:34:44,679
or it can be owned by
the city or by the state,

1630
01:34:44,679 --> 01:34:47,515
or in some cases by
the federal government.

1631
01:34:47,515 --> 01:34:50,418
It doesn't really matter
as long as we can share it.

1632
01:34:50,418 --> 01:34:53,321
(upbeat music)

1633
01:34:59,827 --> 01:35:03,964
- I think that we are seeing
so much backlash right now

1634
01:35:03,964 --> 01:35:06,234
because we are closer
than we've been

1635
01:35:06,234 --> 01:35:10,971
to making that actual real
functioning democracy.

1636
01:35:10,971 --> 01:35:16,311
I think that part of why we
had the attack on the capitol

1637
01:35:17,211 --> 01:35:20,381
on January 6th was because
multiracial America

1638
01:35:20,381 --> 01:35:24,084
rejected the reelection
campaign of a white demagogue.

1639
01:35:24,084 --> 01:35:27,488
And so I think we are seeing...

1640
01:35:27,488 --> 01:35:29,056
This is why I believe
we're on the cusp,

1641
01:35:29,056 --> 01:35:30,491
because we are close.

1642
01:35:30,491 --> 01:35:33,394
There's also this aggressive
resistance to it from people

1643
01:35:33,394 --> 01:35:36,331
who are displeased with
the way it's going.

1644
01:35:36,331 --> 01:35:38,932
But I think that
we have also seen

1645
01:35:38,932 --> 01:35:41,302
lots of agitation for progress.

1646
01:35:41,302 --> 01:35:44,572
We've seen so many
waves of protests,

1647
01:35:44,572 --> 01:35:49,176
whether fighting for better
wages or working conditions

1648
01:35:49,176 --> 01:35:51,746
or fighting against
police brutality.

1649
01:35:51,746 --> 01:35:54,315
That I think that
people are eager

1650
01:35:54,315 --> 01:35:58,452
for a more just
egalitarian democracy.

1651
01:35:58,452 --> 01:36:01,121
And so I think we are very close

1652
01:36:01,121 --> 01:36:02,690
and we just need
to keep fighting.

1653
01:36:02,690 --> 01:36:06,394
- So many young people in our
generation feel disillusioned

1654
01:36:06,394 --> 01:36:09,564
with our institutions that they
feel like these institutions

1655
01:36:09,564 --> 01:36:12,567
do not reflect them
and their families.

1656
01:36:12,567 --> 01:36:16,136
And so when I hear that,
I tell them I understand,

1657
01:36:16,136 --> 01:36:19,172
and you're right, you have
every right to feel that way.

1658
01:36:19,172 --> 01:36:21,275
And the reason why you
may be feeling that way

1659
01:36:21,275 --> 01:36:24,579
is because these institutions
in our democracy,

1660
01:36:24,579 --> 01:36:28,849
were not built to include
people that look like me,

1661
01:36:28,849 --> 01:36:30,183
that look like you.

1662
01:36:30,183 --> 01:36:33,721
And so when you acknowledge
that that frustration

1663
01:36:33,721 --> 01:36:36,123
is super real and
don't just, you know,

1664
01:36:36,123 --> 01:36:37,691
wave it off as ugh, you know,

1665
01:36:37,691 --> 01:36:41,562
vote, no matter what,
people feel heard

1666
01:36:41,562 --> 01:36:43,864
and then they realize, huh,

1667
01:36:43,864 --> 01:36:45,499
there is a reason why
I'm feeling this way

1668
01:36:45,499 --> 01:36:48,836
and maybe there's something
that I can do about it.

1669
01:36:48,836 --> 01:36:51,606
And so at GenVote, what
we tell our young folks

1670
01:36:51,606 --> 01:36:55,208
is that sure, our
institutions were not built

1671
01:36:55,208 --> 01:36:57,711
to include people that look
like us because they were,

1672
01:36:57,711 --> 01:36:59,580
you know, the founding
documents of this country

1673
01:36:59,580 --> 01:37:02,483
were written by white
slave property owners.

1674
01:37:03,418 --> 01:37:06,587
But there's still this
idea of what does it mean

1675
01:37:06,587 --> 01:37:09,523
to actually achieve a democracy?

1676
01:37:09,523 --> 01:37:12,893
And so our generation
I think understands

1677
01:37:12,893 --> 01:37:16,864
that there is still
that potential to
fight for something,

1678
01:37:16,864 --> 01:37:19,266
to fight for truly just society.

1679
01:37:19,266 --> 01:37:22,470
And as a result, that's why
you see so many young people

1680
01:37:22,470 --> 01:37:23,871
out involved in
political movements

1681
01:37:23,871 --> 01:37:26,273
because we are fighting
for that better future.

1682
01:37:26,273 --> 01:37:29,644
And so at GenVote, we kind
of connect that frustration

1683
01:37:29,644 --> 01:37:34,582
with our democracy, with this
hopeful, I think sentiment

1684
01:37:34,582 --> 01:37:37,017
that so many young folks
do have in our generation

1685
01:37:37,017 --> 01:37:39,119
that something
though can be better

1686
01:37:39,119 --> 01:37:43,157
and helping define what could
that better world look like.

1687
01:37:43,157 --> 01:37:45,493
- The rise of Bernie
Sanders is probably

1688
01:37:46,627 --> 01:37:51,432
the touchstone moment that will
be remembered as giving life

1689
01:37:52,332 --> 01:37:54,469
to the occupy message
for those who will dare

1690
01:37:54,469 --> 01:37:57,705
to remember occupy
in the later future.

1691
01:37:58,706 --> 01:38:02,477
Bernie, over the next couple
of years, he found a way

1692
01:38:02,477 --> 01:38:06,814
to take that message
of populism, of
economic left populism

1693
01:38:06,814 --> 01:38:10,017
and the 99% and the
willingness and the courage

1694
01:38:10,017 --> 01:38:13,854
to take on the billionaire
class, as he called it.

1695
01:38:13,854 --> 01:38:16,857
And he kind of
trademarked that language.

1696
01:38:16,857 --> 01:38:18,859
He created the populist movement

1697
01:38:18,859 --> 01:38:21,929
that challenged the populist
movement of the right.

1698
01:38:21,929 --> 01:38:24,131
The Bernie Revolution was driven

1699
01:38:24,131 --> 01:38:26,934
by the really the
millennial and you know,

1700
01:38:26,934 --> 01:38:29,970
soon to come in and
become Gen Z population.

1701
01:38:29,970 --> 01:38:33,040
- More often than not,
young people do tend to skew

1702
01:38:33,040 --> 01:38:36,176
progressive and liberal
on social issues

1703
01:38:36,176 --> 01:38:38,646
and national polls
and studies show that.

1704
01:38:38,646 --> 01:38:42,282
And whether it be on issues
like addressing gun violence

1705
01:38:42,282 --> 01:38:44,117
or addressing the
climate crisis,

1706
01:38:44,117 --> 01:38:47,054
or, you know, young
people demanding things

1707
01:38:47,054 --> 01:38:50,758
like student loan
forgiveness, you know,

1708
01:38:50,758 --> 01:38:53,093
across I think the country,
there's an understanding

1709
01:38:53,093 --> 01:38:56,697
that our generation
values freedom and dignity

1710
01:38:56,697 --> 01:38:58,065
for all people.

1711
01:38:58,065 --> 01:39:01,268
And as a result, we do
tend to lean progressive

1712
01:39:01,268 --> 01:39:04,805
and liberal on many issues,
including democracy.

1713
01:39:04,805 --> 01:39:10,210
♪ Once upon a time
they said never ♪

1714
01:39:12,179 --> 01:39:17,585
♪ Never, never
will you be free ♪

1715
01:39:19,787 --> 01:39:25,125
♪ Then we join our
arms tightly together ♪

1716
01:39:27,027 --> 01:39:32,365
♪ Together we took
to the stream ♪

1717
01:39:34,134 --> 01:39:39,473
♪ You made it happen
through our own action ♪

1718
01:39:41,308 --> 01:39:46,614
♪ We made it come to right ♪

1719
01:39:48,716 --> 01:39:54,121
♪ We made it happen
in our own action ♪

1720
01:39:56,657 --> 01:40:00,728
♪ We fashion in all our might ♪

1721
01:40:05,533 --> 01:40:08,669
- And you get to 3.5% of
your overall population.

1722
01:40:08,669 --> 01:40:10,605
I think the argument
is that the weight

1723
01:40:10,605 --> 01:40:15,342
and the momentum of that
power, public populist power

1724
01:40:15,342 --> 01:40:19,212
is too great for any government,
any government anywhere,

1725
01:40:19,212 --> 01:40:23,651
I believe is the argument
to withstand that pressure.

1726
01:40:23,651 --> 01:40:27,387
If you imagine 10 million
Americans holding sit-ins

1727
01:40:27,387 --> 01:40:30,324
and stopping the daily
course of business in America

1728
01:40:30,324 --> 01:40:34,094
and occupying squares and
shutting down our various forms

1729
01:40:34,094 --> 01:40:37,131
of corporations,
shutting down government,

1730
01:40:37,131 --> 01:40:40,568
making it difficult for in
the way that occupy protesters

1731
01:40:40,568 --> 01:40:43,937
tried to stop the status quo,

1732
01:40:43,937 --> 01:40:48,909
stop people from
simply allowing the 1%,

1733
01:40:50,177 --> 01:40:52,546
the system to operate as
is and force a change.

1734
01:40:52,546 --> 01:40:54,381
When you have your 10 million,

1735
01:40:54,381 --> 01:40:58,418
I think that that is the number
and probably far below that

1736
01:40:58,418 --> 01:41:01,656
you could probably market
all the way down to 1 million

1737
01:41:01,656 --> 01:41:03,390
done in the right way.

1738
01:41:03,390 --> 01:41:05,793
But I do, I believe
there is a tipping point

1739
01:41:05,793 --> 01:41:08,996
and we clearly have yet
to see that in America.

1740
01:41:08,996 --> 01:41:11,365
I think activism
and a new movement

1741
01:41:11,365 --> 01:41:15,135
that finds that percentage
of the population

1742
01:41:15,135 --> 01:41:18,338
that's willing to come
along and demand change,

1743
01:41:18,338 --> 01:41:21,274
I think that that's really
one of our great hopes

1744
01:41:22,109 --> 01:41:25,412
as human beings, you
know, life will go on.

1745
01:41:25,412 --> 01:41:30,751
But our hope for change hinges
quite a bit on individuals

1746
01:41:31,886 --> 01:41:35,956
and collective
cultures collective our
society to stand up

1747
01:41:35,956 --> 01:41:38,926
and say this is what
we wan as people.

1748
01:41:38,926 --> 01:41:40,594
Movements have
always driven change.

1749
01:41:40,594 --> 01:41:41,896
Change doesn't happen.

1750
01:41:41,896 --> 01:41:45,065
Dictators haven't fallen,
laws aren't reformed,

1751
01:41:45,065 --> 01:41:47,801
governments aren't
improved without people

1752
01:41:47,801 --> 01:41:48,969
like from the civil rights era

1753
01:41:48,969 --> 01:41:50,404
without the Martin Luther Kings,

1754
01:41:50,404 --> 01:41:54,307
without the Gandhis, without
the people who who lead

1755
01:41:54,307 --> 01:41:57,712
and others follow and who
are righteous in message

1756
01:41:57,712 --> 01:41:59,914
and are firm in their principle.

1757
01:41:59,914 --> 01:42:00,748
I think we're awaiting that.

1758
01:42:00,748 --> 01:42:02,349
We're awaiting our
future leaders.

1759
01:42:02,349 --> 01:42:05,518
We have had an era that is
sorely lacking in leadership,

1760
01:42:05,518 --> 01:42:10,590
but I do feel like every
generation has its rebellion.

1761
01:42:11,191 --> 01:42:13,861
And this one's time is coming.

1762
01:42:13,861 --> 01:42:16,697
(gentle music)

1763
01:42:30,277 --> 01:42:32,412
(dramatic music)

1764
01:42:32,412 --> 01:42:33,881
- It is now official,

1765
01:42:33,881 --> 01:42:37,017
CNN projects that Donald Trump
has been elected president,

1766
01:42:37,017 --> 01:42:40,320
defeating vice president
Kamala Harris and making.

1767
01:42:40,320 --> 01:42:43,157
(gentle music)

1768
01:42:51,231 --> 01:42:54,868
- But what that man named
Donald Trump did do,

1769
01:42:54,868 --> 01:42:56,436
is he said, I feel your pain.

1770
01:42:56,436 --> 01:42:58,906
I know that you are hurting,
and I have an explanation.

1771
01:42:58,906 --> 01:43:01,942
Well, his explanation
was bogus, you know,

1772
01:43:01,942 --> 01:43:05,545
is millions of people coming
across the water's illegal?

1773
01:43:05,545 --> 01:43:06,847
We have to strengthen
the waters.

1774
01:43:06,847 --> 01:43:08,048
That goes without saying,

1775
01:43:08,048 --> 01:43:09,483
but that is not the
cause of the problem.

1776
01:43:09,483 --> 01:43:11,118
The cause of the
problem right now

1777
01:43:11,118 --> 01:43:13,120
is to have a small
number of people on top

1778
01:43:13,120 --> 01:43:15,756
who have enormous economic
and political power.

1779
01:43:15,756 --> 01:43:19,059
How for example, how for example
can the Democrats not say,

1780
01:43:19,059 --> 01:43:21,962
look, we gotta get rid
of the citizens unit

1781
01:43:21,962 --> 01:43:23,430
in this campaign,

1782
01:43:23,430 --> 01:43:25,299
in the Republican
party, Democratic party,

1783
01:43:25,299 --> 01:43:27,534
billionaires
exerted their power.

1784
01:43:27,534 --> 01:43:30,437
(gentle music)

1785
01:43:34,607 --> 01:43:35,943
- So here are a few thoughts

1786
01:43:35,943 --> 01:43:38,478
that I have at the outset
about the conversation

1787
01:43:38,478 --> 01:43:40,147
we need to be having.

1788
01:43:40,147 --> 01:43:42,415
First of all, we
are not listening

1789
01:43:42,415 --> 01:43:44,151
to the people we
claim to represent.

1790
01:43:44,151 --> 01:43:47,354
We claim to be the party
of the working class,

1791
01:43:47,354 --> 01:43:48,922
the party of poor people.

1792
01:43:49,990 --> 01:43:52,092
And yet we let interest groups

1793
01:43:52,092 --> 01:43:55,495
and think tanks tell us
what those people need.

1794
01:43:55,495 --> 01:43:57,064
That's why we end up
with these relatively

1795
01:43:57,064 --> 01:43:58,631
small ball solutions.

1796
01:43:58,631 --> 01:44:01,869
Not saying they don't matter,
but more roads and bridges.

1797
01:44:01,869 --> 01:44:04,538
Bulk negotiation of
prescription drug prices,

1798
01:44:04,538 --> 01:44:08,308
a little bit bigger tax
credit for families with kids.

1799
01:44:08,308 --> 01:44:09,977
That's not meeting the moment

1800
01:44:10,845 --> 01:44:15,215
because Americans are exhausted

1801
01:44:15,215 --> 01:44:19,053
by a neoliberal economic order
that has consolidated power

1802
01:44:19,053 --> 01:44:20,287
in the hands of the few.

1803
01:44:20,287 --> 01:44:23,723
That has forced them to
become global citizens.

1804
01:44:23,723 --> 01:44:27,627
Instead of having some
unique local identity

1805
01:44:27,627 --> 01:44:31,331
or a true sense of being
an American citizen.

1806
01:44:32,299 --> 01:44:35,769
Democrats need to understand
that Republicans start

1807
01:44:35,769 --> 01:44:39,840
by examining the way that
people are actually feeling

1808
01:44:39,840 --> 01:44:42,175
and then matching
policies to the way

1809
01:44:42,175 --> 01:44:43,410
that they're feeling.

1810
01:44:43,410 --> 01:44:45,880
Democrats need to start
doing the same thing.

1811
01:44:45,880 --> 01:44:49,182
If we did that, we would
pick bigger fights,

1812
01:44:49,182 --> 01:44:51,151
we would be a more
populist party.

1813
01:44:51,151 --> 01:44:54,521
We would name the corporations
and the billionaires

1814
01:44:54,521 --> 01:44:58,658
that are screwing people and
we would take it to them.

1815
01:44:59,759 --> 01:45:02,830
Now, that's something that the
Harris campaign did not do,

1816
01:45:02,830 --> 01:45:04,731
and frankly, when
leaders in our party

1817
01:45:04,731 --> 01:45:08,302
like Bernie Sanders do it,
they largely get shamed

1818
01:45:08,302 --> 01:45:10,037
or shunned as
dangerous populace.

1819
01:45:10,037 --> 01:45:12,572
Maybe that's because
if we actually

1820
01:45:12,572 --> 01:45:15,109
were fighting billionaires,
if we were actually engaging

1821
01:45:15,109 --> 01:45:17,878
in true populist economic ideas,

1822
01:45:17,878 --> 01:45:20,280
it would hurt our coalition,

1823
01:45:20,280 --> 01:45:23,951
which these days tends to
be higher income people

1824
01:45:23,951 --> 01:45:27,687
who don't want the status
quo fundamentally upset.

1825
01:45:27,687 --> 01:45:30,590
(gentle music)

1826
01:45:43,971 --> 01:45:47,807
- Democracy has disappeared in
several other great nations,

1827
01:45:47,807 --> 01:45:52,446
not because the people of those
nations disliked democracy,

1828
01:45:52,446 --> 01:45:55,682
but because they had grown
tired of unemployment

1829
01:45:55,682 --> 01:45:59,353
and insecurity, of
government confusion.

1830
01:45:59,353 --> 01:46:02,856
Government weakness,
finally in desperation

1831
01:46:02,856 --> 01:46:05,459
they chose to sacrifice liberty

1832
01:46:05,459 --> 01:46:08,428
in the hope of getting
something to eat.

1833
01:46:08,428 --> 01:46:12,265
We in America know that our
own democratic institutions

1834
01:46:12,265 --> 01:46:15,936
can be preserved
and made to work,

1835
01:46:15,936 --> 01:46:20,640
but in order to preserve
them, we need to act together

1836
01:46:20,640 --> 01:46:23,477
to meet the problems
of the nation boldly

1837
01:46:24,311 --> 01:46:26,579
and to prove that the
practical operation

1838
01:46:26,579 --> 01:46:29,582
of democratic government
is equal to the task

1839
01:46:29,582 --> 01:46:32,652
of protecting the
security of the people.

1840
01:46:32,652 --> 01:46:36,390
History proves that
dictatorships do not grow

1841
01:46:36,390 --> 01:46:39,226
out of strong and
successful governments,

1842
01:46:39,226 --> 01:46:42,662
but out of weak
and helpless ones.

1843
01:46:42,662 --> 01:46:44,131
We are a rich nation.

1844
01:46:44,131 --> 01:46:48,435
We can afford to pay for
security and prosperity

1845
01:46:48,435 --> 01:46:52,973
without having to sacrifice
our liberties into the bargain.

1846
01:46:52,973 --> 01:46:55,775
(gentle music)

1847
01:47:23,570 --> 01:47:27,174
(gentle music continues)

1848
01:47:39,253 --> 01:47:42,756
- [Woody] People ain't been
living right, ain't been there,

1849
01:47:42,756 --> 01:47:46,426
beaten (indistinct)
and robbing each other

1850
01:47:46,426 --> 01:47:49,196
in different ways, with
fountain pens, guns,

1851
01:47:49,196 --> 01:47:51,465
and having wars and killing
each other and shooting round.

1852
01:47:51,465 --> 01:47:53,166
killing each other
and shooting around.

1853
01:47:53,166 --> 01:47:55,969
(gentle music)

1854
01:48:24,197 --> 01:48:27,834
(gentle music continues)

1855
01:48:52,559 --> 01:48:56,196
(gentle music continues)

1856
01:49:23,790 --> 01:49:27,394
(gentle music continues)

1857
01:49:43,110 --> 01:49:45,612
- [Announcer] Currently,
America is at a crossroads

1858
01:49:45,612 --> 01:49:49,183
and can either reach for
more democracy or less.

1859
01:49:49,183 --> 01:49:51,484
Jane Adams, the
first American woman

1860
01:49:51,484 --> 01:49:52,852
to win the Nobel Peace Prize,

1861
01:49:52,852 --> 01:49:54,888
said, "The cure for
the ails of democracy

1862
01:49:54,888 --> 01:49:56,423
is more democracy."

1863
01:49:56,423 --> 01:50:00,560
Yet right now,
America, according to
the democracy index,

1864
01:50:00,560 --> 01:50:02,596
is a flawed democracy.

1865
01:50:02,596 --> 01:50:05,932
Maybe we need to go back to the
roots of American democracy,

1866
01:50:05,932 --> 01:50:08,034
to learn from the
people who gave the gift

1867
01:50:08,034 --> 01:50:09,969
of democracy to America.

1868
01:50:11,037 --> 01:50:15,975
- My recommendation for US
citizens is to trace the roots

1869
01:50:17,744 --> 01:50:23,116
of democracy and find
the original teachings

1870
01:50:24,551 --> 01:50:29,256
that bring about peace,
that bring about balance,

1871
01:50:29,256 --> 01:50:34,594
and having a true relationship
with the earth and with life,

1872
01:50:35,262 --> 01:50:37,130
because it's all
contained there,

1873
01:50:37,997 --> 01:50:40,967
all of it, it's there.

1874
01:50:40,967 --> 01:50:45,939
And the people who are the
originators of this democracy

1875
01:50:46,573 --> 01:50:48,107
still exist.

1876
01:50:48,107 --> 01:50:52,779
We are still here and we are
still living under peace.

1877
01:50:57,684 --> 01:50:59,786
That's worth looking into.

1878
01:50:59,786 --> 01:51:03,290
When you understand
government by representation

1879
01:51:03,990 --> 01:51:06,559
and you go back
to the indigenous,

1880
01:51:06,559 --> 01:51:10,830
to the Haudenosaunee roots
of the US Constitution,

1881
01:51:10,830 --> 01:51:16,270
you'll see that that
representation is
of a clan family,

1882
01:51:16,970 --> 01:51:18,772
and all members in
that clan family

1883
01:51:18,772 --> 01:51:21,908
may not even actually
be blood related,

1884
01:51:21,908 --> 01:51:25,445
but they are part of a
family that is responsible

1885
01:51:25,445 --> 01:51:30,750
to each other and making
sure that we are all fed,

1886
01:51:31,285 --> 01:51:32,519
we are all taken care of.

1887
01:51:32,519 --> 01:51:34,288
- Despite everything.

1888
01:51:34,288 --> 01:51:36,456
I do have some degree of hope

1889
01:51:37,924 --> 01:51:43,162
because I think that the
country has been through

1890
01:51:44,331 --> 01:51:46,233
such dark times before.

1891
01:51:46,233 --> 01:51:50,470
So I think that there is
just demonstrable evidence

1892
01:51:50,470 --> 01:51:53,773
that even if things are
bad now that doesn't mean

1893
01:51:53,773 --> 01:51:55,575
that they will always be bad.

1894
01:51:55,575 --> 01:51:58,177
It doesn't mean that things
will remain that way.

1895
01:51:58,177 --> 01:52:00,146
There are dozens of
amendments that show us

1896
01:52:00,146 --> 01:52:02,882
that the Constitution
can be changed.

1897
01:52:02,882 --> 01:52:08,154
And I think that I
have faith in the power

1898
01:52:08,555 --> 01:52:10,857
of mass movements.

1899
01:52:10,857 --> 01:52:13,327
I believe in people.

1900
01:52:13,327 --> 01:52:17,731
So even though I don't
have much hope for the laws

1901
01:52:17,731 --> 01:52:21,634
currently exercised, I
have hope in our ability

1902
01:52:21,634 --> 01:52:24,037
to change the way
it's exercised.

1903
01:52:24,037 --> 01:52:25,572
I think that that's
something people

1904
01:52:25,572 --> 01:52:27,374
have always been capable of.

1905
01:52:27,374 --> 01:52:32,712
And people have done
much more with much less,

1906
01:52:33,913 --> 01:52:38,251
they have succeeded in
darker times than these.

1907
01:52:38,251 --> 01:52:41,421
And so if they could do that,

1908
01:52:41,421 --> 01:52:44,023
then there's no reason
we can't either.

1909
01:52:44,023 --> 01:52:46,926
(gentle music)

1910
01:52:47,527 --> 01:52:49,228
♪ There's a heat wave coming ♪

1911
01:52:49,228 --> 01:52:54,634
♪ And I don't know
if I should leave. ♪

1912
01:52:56,168 --> 01:52:59,806
♪ There are cracks and the
ground that nobody can believe ♪

1913
01:53:01,107 --> 01:53:06,513
♪ Why does everybody bury
their heads and hide ♪

1914
01:53:07,847 --> 01:53:13,252
♪ By the coastal water
they facing a rising tide ♪

1915
01:53:14,253 --> 01:53:18,291
♪ And they want to know
what's going move us forward ♪

1916
01:53:18,291 --> 01:53:21,595
♪ What's gonna move us back ♪

1917
01:53:21,595 --> 01:53:26,999
♪ What's gonna move us
over the hills to safety ♪

1918
01:53:28,067 --> 01:53:31,805
♪ I'm asking what's
gonna take us forward ♪

1919
01:53:31,805 --> 01:53:35,141
♪ What's gonna take us back ♪

1920
01:53:35,141 --> 01:53:40,480
♪ What's going to give
us everything we need ♪

1921
01:53:48,455 --> 01:53:53,860
♪ There are people running
but nobody knows to wave ♪

1922
01:53:54,961 --> 01:54:00,367
♪ Swimming through the ravines
and flying through the air ♪

1923
01:54:01,768 --> 01:54:07,173
♪ Still we hush and listen to
hear what they had to say ♪

1924
01:54:08,442 --> 01:54:13,847
♪ Though the words are
empty for listening anyway ♪

1925
01:54:14,948 --> 01:54:19,118
♪ Because we want to know what's
going to take us forward ♪

1926
01:54:19,118 --> 01:54:22,789
♪ What's going to take us back ♪

1927
01:54:22,789 --> 01:54:28,194
♪ What's gonna take us
over the hill to safety ♪

1928
01:54:29,061 --> 01:54:32,732
♪ We wanna know what's
going move us forward ♪

1929
01:54:32,732 --> 01:54:36,035
♪ What's gonna move us back? ♪

1930
01:54:36,035 --> 01:54:41,374
♪ What's going to give
us everything we need ♪

1931
01:54:41,774 --> 01:54:44,811
(uplifting music)