
PMID- 18198331
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20080116
DCOM- 20080313
LR  - 20081121
IS  - 0890-9369 (Print)
VI  - 22
IP  - 2
DP  - 2008 Jan 15
TI  - Understanding of bat wing evolution takes flight.
PG  - 121-4
AD  - Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
FAU - Cooper, Kimberly L
AU  - Cooper KL
FAU - Tabin, Clifford J
AU  - Tabin CJ
LA  - eng
GR  - F32 HD 052349/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R37 HD 32443/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Comment
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL  - United States
TA  - Genes Dev
JT  - Genes & development
JID - 8711660
RN  - 0 (Homeodomain Proteins)
SB  - IM
CON - Genes Dev. 2008 Jan 15;22(2):141-51. PMID: 18198333
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chiroptera/*genetics
MH  - *Evolution
MH  - Forelimb/anatomy & histology
MH  - Fossils
MH  - *Genetic Variation
MH  - Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Wing/*growth & development
EDAT- 2008/01/17 09:00
MHDA- 2008/03/14 09:00
CRDT- 2008/01/17 09:00
AID - 22/2/121 [pii]
AID - 10.1101/gad.1639108 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genes Dev. 2008 Jan 15;22(2):121-4.

PMID- 16618938
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20060427
DCOM- 20060615
LR  - 20081120
IS  - 0027-8424 (Print)
VI  - 103
IP  - 17
DP  - 2006 Apr 25
TI  - Development of bat flight: morphologic and molecular evolution of bat wing
      digits.
PG  - 6581-6
AB  - The earliest fossil bats resemble their modern counterparts in possessing greatly
      elongated digits to support the wing membrane, which is an anatomical hallmark of
      powered flight. To quantitatively confirm these similarities, we performed a
      morphometric analysis of wing bones from fossil and modern bats. We found that
      the lengths of the third, fourth, and fifth digits (the primary supportive
      elements of the wing) have remained constant relative to body size over the last 
      50 million years. This absence of transitional forms in the fossil record led us 
      to look elsewhere to understand bat wing evolution. Investigating embryonic
      development, we found that the digits in bats (Carollia perspicillata) are
      initially similar in size to those of mice (Mus musculus) but that, subsequently,
      bat digits greatly lengthen. The developmental timing of the change in wing digit
      length points to a change in longitudinal cartilage growth, a process that
      depends on the relative proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. We
      found that bat forelimb digits exhibit relatively high rates of chondrocyte
      proliferation and differentiation. We show that bone morphogenetic protein 2
      (Bmp2) can stimulate cartilage proliferation and differentiation and increase
      digit length in the bat embryonic forelimb. Also, we show that Bmp2 expression
      and Bmp signaling are increased in bat forelimb embryonic digits relative to
      mouse or bat hind limb digits. Together, our results suggest that an
      up-regulation of the Bmp pathway is one of the major factors in the developmental
      elongation of bat forelimb digits, and it is potentially a key mechanism in their
      evolutionary elongation as well.
AD  - Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Section of
      Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences
      Center, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
FAU - Sears, Karen E
AU  - Sears KE
FAU - Behringer, Richard R
AU  - Behringer RR
FAU - Rasweiler, John J 4th
AU  - Rasweiler JJ 4th
FAU - Niswander, Lee A
AU  - Niswander LA
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/DQ279782
SI  - GENBANK/DQ279783
SI  - GENBANK/DQ279784
SI  - GENBANK/DQ279785
GR  - F32 HD050042-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HD32427/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20060417
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JT  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JID - 7505876
RN  - 0 (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics
MH  - Chiroptera/anatomy & histology/embryology/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - DNA, Complementary/genetics
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - *Flight, Animal
MH  - Fossils
MH  - Mice
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Wing/*anatomy & histology/embryology/*physiology
PMC - PMC1458926
OID - NLM: PMC1458926
EDAT- 2006/04/19 09:00
MHDA- 2006/06/16 09:00
CRDT- 2006/04/19 09:00
PHST- 2006/04/17 [aheadofprint]
AID - 0509716103 [pii]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.0509716103 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Apr 25;103(17):6581-6. Epub 2006 Apr 17.

PMID- 11353869
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20010524
DCOM- 20010719
LR  - 20081120
IS  - 0027-8424 (Print)
VI  - 98
IP  - 11
DP  - 2001 May 22
TI  - Integrated fossil and molecular data reconstruct bat echolocation.
PG  - 6241-6
AB  - Molecular and morphological data have important roles in illuminating
      evolutionary history. DNA data often yield well resolved phylogenies for living
      taxa, but are generally unattainable for fossils. A distinct advantage of
      morphology is that some types of morphological data may be collected for extinct 
      and extant taxa. Fossils provide a unique window on evolutionary history and may 
      preserve combinations of primitive and derived characters that are not found in
      extant taxa. Given their unique character complexes, fossils are critical in
      documenting sequences of character transformation over geologic time and may
      elucidate otherwise ambiguous patterns of evolution that are not revealed by
      molecular data alone. Here, we employ a methodological approach that allows for
      the integration of molecular and paleontological data in deciphering one of the
      most innovative features in the evolutionary history of mammals-laryngeal
      echolocation in bats. Molecular data alone, including an expanded data set that
      includes new sequences for the A2AB gene, suggest that microbats are paraphyletic
      but do not resolve whether laryngeal echolocation evolved independently in
      different microbat lineages or evolved in the common ancestor of bats and was
      subsequently lost in megabats. When scaffolds from molecular phylogenies are
      incorporated into parsimony analyses of morphological characters, including
      morphological characters for the Eocene taxa Icaronycteris, Archaeonycteris,
      Hassianycteris, and Palaeochiropteryx, the resulting trees suggest that laryngeal
      echolocation evolved in the common ancestor of fossil and extant bats and was
      subsequently lost in megabats. Molecular dating suggests that crown-group bats
      last shared a common ancestor 52 to 54 million years ago.
AD  - Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
FAU - Springer, M S
AU  - Springer MS
FAU - Teeling, E C
AU  - Teeling EC
FAU - Madsen, O
AU  - Madsen O
FAU - Stanhope, M J
AU  - Stanhope MJ
FAU - de Jong, W W
AU  - de Jong WW
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF337537
SI  - GENBANK/AF337538
SI  - GENBANK/AF337539
SI  - GENBANK/AF337540
SI  - GENBANK/AF337541
SI  - GENBANK/AF337542
SI  - GENBANK/AF337543
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20010515
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JT  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JID - 7505876
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Chiroptera/classification/*genetics
MH  - DNA, Complementary
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - *Fossils
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
PMC - PMC33452
OID - NLM: PMC33452
EDAT- 2001/05/17 10:00
MHDA- 2001/07/20 10:01
CRDT- 2001/05/17 10:00
PHST- 2001/05/15 [aheadofprint]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.111551998 [doi]
AID - 111551998 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 May 22;98(11):6241-6. Epub 2001 May 15.
