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‫Hello and welcome to our next lesson for Adults Writing Task two.

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‫Today, we'll understand how to structure our essay.

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‫By the end of the lesson, you'll have a clearer understanding of the four point task to structure and

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‫you'll understand exactly what you need to write in each of the four sections for our task to structure.

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‫As it was a few lessons since we last saw this four point structure, let's take another look at it

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‫now.

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‫The best thing about using this outline for your task to say is that it can be used for any question

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‫type.

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‫It really is a very simple and flexible way to order your essay.

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‫So we begin with an introduction paragraph, and I'll be showing you exactly how to write that in the

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‫next part of this letter.

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‫Then we have two supporting paragraphs where all your details and thinking are put.

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‫The final section is our conclusion, and this may or may not include your opinion, this depends on

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‫whether the question asks you to give your opinion.

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‫Now, we'll look how you can write a really good introduction.

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‫So for any task to essay, your opening introduction paragraph can be made of three sentences and I

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‫have a formula that I'm going to show you so that you can always write effective introductions.

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‫Our first sentence will paraphrase the question that we have been given.

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‫Now, you may remember that paraphrasing is a really important skill and that synonyms are a very important

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‫part of their skill.

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‫Use synonyms to rewrite the question in one sentence only.

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‫In our second sentence, we will plan our essay's viewpoint effectively, we will tell the reader or

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‫the examiner exactly what our essay believes or feels.

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‫It could be that your essay will purely discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a topic.

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‫Or it could be that the essay is agreeing or taking sides with a group of people's opinion.

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‫Whatever your essays overall idea will put that here.

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‫In sentence three, we will quickly tell the examiner or reader what we will write in supporting paragraph

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‫one and supporting paragraph two, and that is all three sentences that you can use to write your introduction.

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‫So let's take a look at some examples to help you understand what this three sentence structure exactly

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‫is.

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‫An easier way to remember what each sentence is, is by remembering paraphrase, plan and outline.

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‫Let's read through our question.

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‫Many people believe that wealth is a measure of success.

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‫Do you think that wealth is a good measure of success?

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‫What do you think makes a successful person now?

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‫The first thing that we should identify is that this is a two part question.

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‫Obviously, we would do a plan and then we'd move on to writing our introduction, here is what I have

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‫for my first paraphrase sentence.

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‫A person's financial situation is often considered a good measure of success.

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‫Now, as you can see, I've used a few synonyms to paraphrase the first sentence from the question.

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‫I believe that paraphrasing the question straight away shows the examiner you really understand what

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‫the question means.

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‫After that, you can give your plan.

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‫And here I am telling the examiner that I disagree that wealth is a true measure of how successful people

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‫are.

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‫Next, I'll move on to my outline sentence and describe what I will discuss in support in paragraph

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‫one and two.

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‫By using the time opener's firstly and secondly, I can tell the examiner what I will be writing in

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‫each supporting paragraph, again, this shows that you fully understand the question and can plan to

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‫give a real response and answer the question.

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‫Here is the introduction, completely pieced back together.

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‫A person's financial situation is often considered a good measure of success.

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‫This essay disagrees that wealth is a true measure for how successful people are.

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‫Firstly, this essay will give reasons for why wealth is not a good measure.

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‫And secondly, I will define what I believe a successful person is.

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‫And there you have it, the first example of your three sentence introduction before we move on to the

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‫supporting paragraphs, I think it would be helpful to take a look at another example of an introduction

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‫for a different question type.

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‫Let's move on to that now.

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‫In recent years, preprepared convenience foods have grown in popularity to suit people's fast paced

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‫lifestyles.

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‫What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?

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‫Now, the first thing I can say is that this is an advantages and disadvantages question, and it doesn't

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‫ask me to give an opinion.

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‫So I know that I don't have to include that when I get to the conclusion.

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‫But we're on our introduction.

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‫So let's say my first sentence for the introduction.

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‫The last few years have seen a dramatic rise in the consumption of fast food synonyms that I've used

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‫here are fast foods instead of convenience food and instead of recent years.

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‫I said the last few years, I would say that that's pretty straightforward and simple paraphrasing,

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‫but really effective to introduce your essay.

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‫Let's see.

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‫Sentenced to.

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‫So here is my plan or the overall idea of this essay simply, I just say I'm going to explore the advantages

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‫and disadvantages of the fast food Speedie eating trend.

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‫And here is sentence three.

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‫Firstly, I will discuss the negative impact that convenience foods can have, and secondly, I will

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‫discuss the positive impacts of fast food, quite straightforward.

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‫And I have also used synonyms to not repeat myself to offer and as well notice that I have used those

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‫two time connectives firstly and secondly.

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‫And here it is all pieced back together the last few years have seen a dramatic rise in the consumption

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‫of fast food.

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‫This essay will explore the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.

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‫Firstly, I will discuss the negative impact that convenience food can have, and secondly, I will

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‫discuss the positive impacts of fast foods.

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‫So there it is again.

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‫Your three sentence introduction or you have to remember, is to paraphrase plan and outline, find

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‫some example questions for adults writing test to online and practice, creating a few introductions

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‫for them before we move on.

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‫Here is a quick quiz.

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‫In many developing or recently industrialized countries, air pollution and quality of drinking water

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‫is becoming a major issue.

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‫What measures could be taken to improve the situation?

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‫Pause the video and read through the three introduction sentences below the question, I want you to

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‫try and figure out which of these three sentences links with the Three-step introduction process of

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‫paraphrase, plan and outline.

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‫Pause the video now and link the steps to the sentences.

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‫And here are your answers, I hope that you got that right and you feeling fairly confident about writing

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‫introductions quickly and effectively.

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‫Let's move on to supporting Paragraph's.

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‫OK, I think now is a good time to share this master structure with you, and it covers all five questions.

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‫At first, it will be quite a lot to look at, but don't worry, I'll be talking you through it.

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‫Now, the main point is to think about before we begin.

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‫Is that the introduction is always the same and the conclusion doesn't change too much.

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‫That only leaves us with the supporting paragraphs which, depending on the question, do change a little

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‫bit.

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‫So let me talk you through the master structure, beginning with the agree or disagree question.

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‫The main thing to remember for this question type is that you either choose to agree or disagree, not

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‫both.

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‫So the introduction remains the same, that three step three sentence structure I just showed you.

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‫And in your first supporting paragraph, you can explore your first opinion and in your second paragraph,

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‫you can explore your second opinion.

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‫The conclusion is to summarize the key points, and almost 100 percent should give your opinion, as

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‫I'm sure you'll be asked for it in the question.

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‫In the advantages and disadvantages question, the introduction remains the same.

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‫And in your first supporting paragraph, you need to discuss either an advantage or disadvantage.

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‫Only cover one in one paragraph and in your second supporting paragraph, you'll need to discuss either

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‫the advantages or disadvantages, whichever one you didn't talk about in your first supporting paragraph.

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‫For the conclusion, summarize the key points and give your opinion.

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‫If asked in a discussion question, you'll be given two opposing points of views.

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‫So your first supporting paragraph should discuss the first point of view and your second supporting

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‫paragraph will discuss the second type of thinking in a problem and solution question.

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‫Each of your supporting paragraphs will discuss one problem and one solution each.

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‫And finally, in a two part question, your supporting paragraphs will address each question one at

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‫a time.

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‫Of course, if the questions ask for your opinion, you need to include this in your conclusion.

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‫I'd highly suggest bookmarking this master structure or writing it down so that you have it for reference

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‫later.

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‫When writing your supporting paragraphs, there are three main sentence types that you need to include

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‫for almost all of the questions, that's a topic sentence, a support sentence and an example sentence.

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‫The example sentence is really important.

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‫So you need to make sure you include a few of these in your supporting paragraphs.

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‫A topic sentence always comes first, and it gives the main idea that you would want to discuss.

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‫And it relates to the question.

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‫The a poor sentence explores your topic sentence in a little more detail and give some extra information.

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‫And the example sentence provides a real life example to give the examiner a better understanding of

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‫what you're talking about.

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‫Let's see how I use these three sentence types to create a really good supporting paragraph.

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‫We'll return to the question seen previously all about the advantages and disadvantages of fast food.

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‫Let's read through this supporting paragraph.

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‫Fast foods are a serious problem facing our societies for numerous reasons.

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‫But health and obesity are both huge concerns.

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‫As people become overweight, they will also have a higher chance of being ill.

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‫For instance, obesity is understood to be one of the major causes of heart disease in adults.

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‫Furthermore, many preprepared foods contain many toxic chemicals to keep the ingredients fresh.

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‫It is very difficult to always check what ingredients are in these foods, which is very worrying.

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‫For example, news reports often cite many preservative ingredients as being causes of cancer and other

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‫illnesses.

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‫So I've highlighted the topic sentences in blue, the support sentences in green and the example sentences

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‫in red.

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‫I do suggest having two of each of the sentence types in each of your paragraphs.

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‫That way you'll fully explore your ideas and answer the question in full.

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‫Now, this structure of using topic support, an example questions, is great for almost all questions,

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‫but I do advise using something slightly different for a problem and solution question.

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‫Let's take a look at that now.

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‫So here is my first supporting paragraph, discussing problems and possible solutions for air pollution

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‫and quality of drinking water.

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‫In my first supporting paragraph, which you can see here, I'll only be talking about air pollution.

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‫To write a supporting paragraph for a problem solution question, we begin with a topic sentence that

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‫gives details as to what problem we'll be discussing.

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‫The supporting sentence gives extra information about the problem that we'll be exploring in this paragraph.

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‫Now, here is the difference in the solution sentence.

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‫We give a possible way that we could fix this problem.

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‫In my example, I suggest cutting down emissions from factories and cars.

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‫After the solution sentence comes a result where we discuss the impact of the suggested changes made.

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‫So these two structures that I've just shown you will give you lots of support when it comes to writing,

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‫supporting paragraphs.

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‫Do you remember to always begin with a topic sentence?

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‫Now, we'll move on to our final section, all about conclusions, the most important thing to remember

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‫about Conclusion's is that if you want to score six or higher, which I'm sure you do, then your last

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‫paragraph must be a conclusion.

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‫Now, for pretty much every question I like to teach, conclusion's in two different ways.

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‫Firstly, it's either with one sentence that simply summarizes and paraphrases the main parts of your

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‫essay.

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‫The second approach is with two sentences, one sentence to summarize, and another sentence to give

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‫your opinion and state how you feel about the topic.

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‫Now, I did say that these two structures work for almost all questions.

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‫Again, problem and solution questions have a slightly different approach, and we'll look at that later.

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‫So the question here is, should you write one sentence or two?

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‫And that completely depends on if the question asks for your opinion.

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‫Take a look at these Altas two questions and decide whether your conclusions should be one sentence

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‫or two.

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‫Pause the video and match them up now.

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‫OK, here are your answers for the first question, we can easily say that we are asked to give an opinion.

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‫Do you agree or disagree?

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‫And the second question, we aren't asked to give an opinion, but only to discuss both sides of the

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‫argument.

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‫And finally, for our last question, we are asked if we feel that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

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‫So we need to give an opinion there as well.

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‫Here are two examples of good conclusions.

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‫In red, we have the summary of the key points from our essay, and in blue we have our opinion.

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‫Let's read through the first conclusion.

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‫In conclusion, there are many benefits to allowing young people to drive a car such as easier travel

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‫to work, although the negatives mean roads may be less safe with more inexperienced drivers.

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‫And conclusion number two, to sum up, we currently use animals for many useful reasons, from food

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‫to clothing, although there are ethical issues to consider as well.

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‫In my view, the advantages vastly outweigh the disadvantages and we should continue to use animals

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‫for our own use where needed.

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‫So here are two examples of a one sentence and two sentence conclusion.

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‫Now, I did say that problem solution questions require a slightly different approach.

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‫So as the final part of this lesson, let's take a look at that.

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‫We'll return to the question of air pollution and the quality of drinking water and what measures could

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‫be taken to improve this now in a problem solution type question, your first sentence wants to summarize

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‫and paraphrase the main points of your essay.

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‫Your second sentence should make a recommendation as to how the problem can be solved and who should

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‫do it.

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‫Let's see the conclusion that I have for this question.

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‫In conclusion, the problems associated with pollution are clearly becoming a major issue in many countries,

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‫in my view, the government should prioritize cleaning the local environment and citizens health above

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‫the financial rewards of industry and growth.

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‫So I have recommended that the government should be the ones who are taking responsibility and fixing

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‫this problem.

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‫First sentence is to paraphrase and summarize, and the second sentence is to make your recommendation.

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‫So that brings us finally to the end of this long letter, I would suggest watching back some of the

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‫main parts of the lesson.

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‫Again, if you feel that you still need to have a little bit more of a focus on certain parts.

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‫Here's a quick review.

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‫Remember to use the force structure, try to manage your time and make sure you answer the question

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‫in full.

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‫Do you remember the Q&A section where I or another student to come and help you if you have any questions?

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‫Best of luck, take a rest and I'll see you in the next lesson.