1 00:00:00,450 --> 00:00:07,860 ‫Welcome back and in this lesson will be learning grammar for our alt writing task to an essay. 2 00:00:08,670 --> 00:00:15,690 ‫By the end of the lesson, you'll understand and be able to use a variety of different sentence types, 3 00:00:15,960 --> 00:00:20,970 ‫which will definitely help you to score higher grades in your task to essay. 4 00:00:21,330 --> 00:00:28,170 ‫Now, grammar is a huge topic and we could spend hours learning new ideas and techniques. 5 00:00:28,650 --> 00:00:31,770 ‫But I want to show you something that you can use quickly. 6 00:00:31,920 --> 00:00:37,920 ‫So I'll be showing you three different sentence types that you can definitely use in your essay. 7 00:00:38,850 --> 00:00:47,150 ‫Here is a quick look at the examiner's band descriptors, and they stayed to score a band six or higher, 8 00:00:47,580 --> 00:00:51,960 ‫you must use a mix of simple and complex sentences. 9 00:00:52,980 --> 00:00:58,760 ‫To score a band seven or higher, you must use a variety of complex structures. 10 00:00:59,250 --> 00:01:07,170 ‫So in other words, it's important that we understand and are able to use a few different sentence structures. 11 00:01:07,860 --> 00:01:13,090 ‫One important thing to note is that we don't use the same sentence type. 12 00:01:13,110 --> 00:01:20,670 ‫Again and again, using them in the correct place and not too often will also help you score extra marks. 13 00:01:22,380 --> 00:01:31,050 ‫The first sentence type will be looking at is a compound sentence, a compound sentence is two whole 14 00:01:31,050 --> 00:01:38,700 ‫complete sentences linked in the middle by a linking phrase or word you can see to the left of this 15 00:01:38,700 --> 00:01:39,120 ‫page. 16 00:01:39,120 --> 00:01:43,660 ‫I have my linking words table and I'll show you a few examples. 17 00:01:43,680 --> 00:01:48,120 ‫Now, here is an example of a simple sentence. 18 00:01:48,660 --> 00:01:53,740 ‫A simple sentence is one whole idea, and it contains a noun and a verb. 19 00:01:54,510 --> 00:02:01,090 ‫They can be useful in our essay, but it's good to show a range of complex sentence structures. 20 00:02:01,950 --> 00:02:08,400 ‫Here's the simple sentence extended with a linking would create a compound sentence. 21 00:02:09,630 --> 00:02:17,880 ‫Fossil fuels pollute the environment, therefore we should stop using them, fossil fuels pollute the 22 00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:26,040 ‫environment is a complete sentence and also we should stop using them is a complete sentence or a whole 23 00:02:26,040 --> 00:02:26,580 ‫idea. 24 00:02:27,330 --> 00:02:34,500 ‫Instead of using a full stop to create two simple sentences, we use the word, therefore, to link 25 00:02:34,500 --> 00:02:36,390 ‫these two whole ideas. 26 00:02:36,630 --> 00:02:39,530 ‫And this gives us a compound sentence. 27 00:02:40,350 --> 00:02:42,690 ‫Let's see another example. 28 00:02:43,840 --> 00:02:49,460 ‫Fossil fuels pollute the environment, and furthermore, they will soon run out. 29 00:02:50,050 --> 00:02:57,820 ‫So again, I've linked to whole sentences with the phrase and furthermore, this has created a compound 30 00:02:57,820 --> 00:02:58,600 ‫sentence. 31 00:02:59,970 --> 00:03:01,840 ‫Here is one last example. 32 00:03:02,820 --> 00:03:09,860 ‫Fossil fuels pollute the environment, however, oil is still a major source of energy. 33 00:03:11,310 --> 00:03:18,480 ‫Now, you may remember in our structure lesson that we were talking about topic sentences and support 34 00:03:18,480 --> 00:03:26,340 ‫and example sentences, compound sentences are very useful for your support sentences as you can add 35 00:03:26,340 --> 00:03:27,960 ‫extra information. 36 00:03:29,420 --> 00:03:37,970 ‫Now onto our second sentence tape, which is an embedded clause I've often heard of the sentence types 37 00:03:37,970 --> 00:03:45,410 ‫being referred to as Hanburger sentences, and by the end of this section of the lesson, you'll understand 38 00:03:45,410 --> 00:03:45,950 ‫why. 39 00:03:46,830 --> 00:03:54,540 ‫Here is an example of a simple sentence many teenagers have a part time job to save extra money. 40 00:03:55,110 --> 00:04:02,880 ‫Now, I'd like to add more detail to this sentence and maybe say something about what kind of jobs teenagers 41 00:04:02,880 --> 00:04:03,260 ‫have. 42 00:04:03,900 --> 00:04:07,670 ‫I'm going to put this right in the middle of this sentence. 43 00:04:08,190 --> 00:04:10,890 ‫Let's see the example of an embedded clause now. 44 00:04:12,820 --> 00:04:19,910 ‫Many teenagers have a part time job which is often poorly paid to save extra money. 45 00:04:20,530 --> 00:04:25,060 ‫Can you see how some people consider this to be a hamburger sentence? 46 00:04:25,630 --> 00:04:31,930 ‫If we think of the black part of this sentence, that could be our bread and the red part in the middle 47 00:04:31,930 --> 00:04:32,990 ‫is our meat. 48 00:04:33,550 --> 00:04:39,940 ‫It's very important to note that there are two commas separating the clauses. 49 00:04:40,360 --> 00:04:47,440 ‫The examiner will 100 percent make sure that you've included both of those commas as well as your full 50 00:04:47,440 --> 00:04:49,020 ‫stop and capital letter. 51 00:04:49,900 --> 00:04:57,190 ‫Now, because I'm talking about a job which is an object or thing, I start my embedded clause with 52 00:04:57,190 --> 00:04:57,810 ‫which. 53 00:04:58,330 --> 00:05:06,160 ‫But if your embedded clause is talking about a person or people you started with who let's see an example 54 00:05:06,160 --> 00:05:06,880 ‫of that now. 55 00:05:07,970 --> 00:05:14,520 ‫Many teenagers who are studying full time have a part time job to save extra money. 56 00:05:15,320 --> 00:05:22,940 ‫Now, my bread or the writing in black does not change, but I've simply changed the cause of the meat, 57 00:05:22,940 --> 00:05:24,740 ‫which is the writing in red. 58 00:05:25,740 --> 00:05:28,680 ‫Try using one of these in your essay. 59 00:05:29,220 --> 00:05:35,250 ‫Let's move on to our third sentence type, which is complex sentences. 60 00:05:36,400 --> 00:05:44,680 ‫Now, if you don't already know, complex means something that contains a few linked parts or is also 61 00:05:44,680 --> 00:05:51,120 ‫difficult to understand, but there's nothing too difficult to understand about a complex sentence, 62 00:05:51,310 --> 00:05:55,180 ‫and they would definitely score you extra marks in your essay. 63 00:05:55,870 --> 00:05:58,290 ‫Here's an example of a simple sentence. 64 00:05:59,140 --> 00:06:03,490 ‫Policemen work long hours with little time for breaks in the day. 65 00:06:04,430 --> 00:06:14,090 ‫So that's one complete idea, but because I'm doing my writing task to say I want to add a little bit 66 00:06:14,090 --> 00:06:23,390 ‫more detail, it's important with a complex sentence to remember the commas are hugely important, much 67 00:06:23,390 --> 00:06:24,810 ‫like an embedded clause. 68 00:06:25,760 --> 00:06:28,390 ‫Let me show you a complex sentence now. 69 00:06:30,250 --> 00:06:36,750 ‫Policemen worked for long hours with little time for breaks in the day or at any time. 70 00:06:37,680 --> 00:06:45,240 ‫The writing in black is a complete whole sentence where is our extra clause, which is in red would 71 00:06:45,240 --> 00:06:47,650 ‫not make sense on its own. 72 00:06:48,450 --> 00:06:55,560 ‫Therefore, this clause needs to be added to a full sentence, which gives us a complex sentence, and 73 00:06:55,560 --> 00:06:59,190 ‫it helps us to add extra detail to our writing. 74 00:06:59,760 --> 00:07:01,410 ‫Let's see another example. 75 00:07:03,530 --> 00:07:10,370 ‫Policemen work for long hours with little time for breaks in the day, adding to their stress and poor 76 00:07:10,370 --> 00:07:15,750 ‫health by adding this extra clause at the end of a full sentence. 77 00:07:16,070 --> 00:07:22,850 ‫We shown the examiners that we can use a range of sentence structures, which will definitely help us 78 00:07:22,850 --> 00:07:26,480 ‫to score higher marks in the ALS task to test. 79 00:07:27,110 --> 00:07:34,280 ‫But it's important to use a mix of these sentence types and not to use one too many times. 80 00:07:35,360 --> 00:07:42,260 ‫As a little test at the end of the lesson, I've prepared a quiz for you, so let's go straight to that. 81 00:07:43,930 --> 00:07:52,120 ‫Here I have three sentences, and you need to choose what kind of sentence each one is, whether that's 82 00:07:52,120 --> 00:07:55,640 ‫compound embedded or a complex sentence. 83 00:07:56,140 --> 00:07:58,690 ‫Let's read through each of these sentences. 84 00:07:59,890 --> 00:08:06,520 ‫Teachers are working hard to help young children who often come from poor backgrounds to improve their 85 00:08:06,520 --> 00:08:07,870 ‫standard of living. 86 00:08:09,940 --> 00:08:17,410 ‫Museums and art galleries can teach people about culture and therefore the government should increase 87 00:08:17,410 --> 00:08:18,450 ‫funding to them. 88 00:08:20,460 --> 00:08:27,540 ‫Wearing fashionable clothes is the choice of the individual person, whatever their tastes may be. 89 00:08:28,200 --> 00:08:34,440 ‫So holds the video and try and choose each of these sentences sentence type. 90 00:08:37,740 --> 00:08:42,850 ‫OK, now you have done that, let's talk about the first sentence. 91 00:08:43,500 --> 00:08:46,200 ‫This is actually an embedded clause. 92 00:08:46,350 --> 00:08:53,100 ‫We can see the two commas and the extra clause of the meat put into the middle of this sentence. 93 00:08:54,320 --> 00:09:02,270 ‫Sentence to is actually a compound sentence, as we can clearly see, the connective linking word and 94 00:09:02,270 --> 00:09:10,160 ‫therefore and finally sentence three is, of course a complex sentence, as we can see, a comma and 95 00:09:10,160 --> 00:09:12,520 ‫a short clause added at the end. 96 00:09:13,340 --> 00:09:18,080 ‫So that's all for our grammar lesson for adults writing test, too. 97 00:09:18,530 --> 00:09:22,220 ‫I hope that you found these three sentence types useful. 98 00:09:22,220 --> 00:09:28,880 ‫And I know that if you can practice using them and use them well with the correct punctuation, then 99 00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:32,990 ‫you'll definitely score higher marks in your task to essay. 100 00:09:33,970 --> 00:09:40,690 ‫In the next few lessons will be looking at some model answers for Eilts test to see you that.