‫Welcome back and in this lesson will be learning grammar for our alt writing task to an essay.
‫By the end of the lesson, you'll understand and be able to use a variety of different sentence types,
‫which will definitely help you to score higher grades in your task to essay.
‫Now, grammar is a huge topic and we could spend hours learning new ideas and techniques.
‫But I want to show you something that you can use quickly.
‫So I'll be showing you three different sentence types that you can definitely use in your essay.
‫Here is a quick look at the examiner's band descriptors, and they stayed to score a band six or higher,
‫you must use a mix of simple and complex sentences.
‫To score a band seven or higher, you must use a variety of complex structures.
‫So in other words, it's important that we understand and are able to use a few different sentence structures.
‫One important thing to note is that we don't use the same sentence type.
‫Again and again, using them in the correct place and not too often will also help you score extra marks.
‫The first sentence type will be looking at is a compound sentence, a compound sentence is two whole
‫complete sentences linked in the middle by a linking phrase or word you can see to the left of this
‫page.
‫I have my linking words table and I'll show you a few examples.
‫Now, here is an example of a simple sentence.
‫A simple sentence is one whole idea, and it contains a noun and a verb.
‫They can be useful in our essay, but it's good to show a range of complex sentence structures.
‫Here's the simple sentence extended with a linking would create a compound sentence.
‫Fossil fuels pollute the environment, therefore we should stop using them, fossil fuels pollute the
‫environment is a complete sentence and also we should stop using them is a complete sentence or a whole
‫idea.
‫Instead of using a full stop to create two simple sentences, we use the word, therefore, to link
‫these two whole ideas.
‫And this gives us a compound sentence.
‫Let's see another example.
‫Fossil fuels pollute the environment, and furthermore, they will soon run out.
‫So again, I've linked to whole sentences with the phrase and furthermore, this has created a compound
‫sentence.
‫Here is one last example.
‫Fossil fuels pollute the environment, however, oil is still a major source of energy.
‫Now, you may remember in our structure lesson that we were talking about topic sentences and support
‫and example sentences, compound sentences are very useful for your support sentences as you can add
‫extra information.
‫Now onto our second sentence tape, which is an embedded clause I've often heard of the sentence types
‫being referred to as Hanburger sentences, and by the end of this section of the lesson, you'll understand
‫why.
‫Here is an example of a simple sentence many teenagers have a part time job to save extra money.
‫Now, I'd like to add more detail to this sentence and maybe say something about what kind of jobs teenagers
‫have.
‫I'm going to put this right in the middle of this sentence.
‫Let's see the example of an embedded clause now.
‫Many teenagers have a part time job which is often poorly paid to save extra money.
‫Can you see how some people consider this to be a hamburger sentence?
‫If we think of the black part of this sentence, that could be our bread and the red part in the middle
‫is our meat.
‫It's very important to note that there are two commas separating the clauses.
‫The examiner will 100 percent make sure that you've included both of those commas as well as your full
‫stop and capital letter.
‫Now, because I'm talking about a job which is an object or thing, I start my embedded clause with
‫which.
‫But if your embedded clause is talking about a person or people you started with who let's see an example
‫of that now.
‫Many teenagers who are studying full time have a part time job to save extra money.
‫Now, my bread or the writing in black does not change, but I've simply changed the cause of the meat,
‫which is the writing in red.
‫Try using one of these in your essay.
‫Let's move on to our third sentence type, which is complex sentences.
‫Now, if you don't already know, complex means something that contains a few linked parts or is also
‫difficult to understand, but there's nothing too difficult to understand about a complex sentence,
‫and they would definitely score you extra marks in your essay.
‫Here's an example of a simple sentence.
‫Policemen work long hours with little time for breaks in the day.
‫So that's one complete idea, but because I'm doing my writing task to say I want to add a little bit
‫more detail, it's important with a complex sentence to remember the commas are hugely important, much
‫like an embedded clause.
‫Let me show you a complex sentence now.
‫Policemen worked for long hours with little time for breaks in the day or at any time.
‫The writing in black is a complete whole sentence where is our extra clause, which is in red would
‫not make sense on its own.
‫Therefore, this clause needs to be added to a full sentence, which gives us a complex sentence, and
‫it helps us to add extra detail to our writing.
‫Let's see another example.
‫Policemen work for long hours with little time for breaks in the day, adding to their stress and poor
‫health by adding this extra clause at the end of a full sentence.
‫We shown the examiners that we can use a range of sentence structures, which will definitely help us
‫to score higher marks in the ALS task to test.
‫But it's important to use a mix of these sentence types and not to use one too many times.
‫As a little test at the end of the lesson, I've prepared a quiz for you, so let's go straight to that.
‫Here I have three sentences, and you need to choose what kind of sentence each one is, whether that's
‫compound embedded or a complex sentence.
‫Let's read through each of these sentences.
‫Teachers are working hard to help young children who often come from poor backgrounds to improve their
‫standard of living.
‫Museums and art galleries can teach people about culture and therefore the government should increase
‫funding to them.
‫Wearing fashionable clothes is the choice of the individual person, whatever their tastes may be.
‫So holds the video and try and choose each of these sentences sentence type.
‫OK, now you have done that, let's talk about the first sentence.
‫This is actually an embedded clause.
‫We can see the two commas and the extra clause of the meat put into the middle of this sentence.
‫Sentence to is actually a compound sentence, as we can clearly see, the connective linking word and
‫therefore and finally sentence three is, of course a complex sentence, as we can see, a comma and
‫a short clause added at the end.
‫So that's all for our grammar lesson for adults writing test, too.
‫I hope that you found these three sentence types useful.
‫And I know that if you can practice using them and use them well with the correct punctuation, then
‫you'll definitely score higher marks in your task to essay.
‫In the next few lessons will be looking at some model answers for Eilts test to see you that.