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‫Welcome to your first grammar lesson for the aout speaking section of this course, today, we are going

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‫to focus on three main types of sentence structures that you can easily learn and use to score a higher

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‫score in the out speaking test.

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‫Now, before we move on, I understand that for many students, grammar is a big worry, but there really

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‫isn't any need to be really worried about it.

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‫It's true that you do not have to be 100 percent accurate to get a good score in the ALTS test.

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‫It is expected that you may make some small mistakes, so relax and have confidence in your speaking

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‫skills.

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‫Let's return to the band descriptors to help us to understand why those three main types of sentence

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‫structures can be very helpful.

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‫Again, if we take a look at the seven band score, it simply says use a range of complex structures

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‫flexibly.

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‫An easier way to understand what complex structures is, is to think of it as just adding a lot more

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‫detail into your sentences when you are speaking.

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‫Now, that doesn't necessarily mean using lots of adjectives, but adding extra pieces of information.

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‫And that's what you will learn in this lesson.

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‫To help you understand what complex structures are, here are a few examples, and this is around the

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‫topic of transportation.

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‫Let's take a look at the first example.

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‫The ferry leaves at 10, 30 a.m. tomorrow morning.

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‫I hope we can make it now.

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‫There are two simple sentences in there speaking part.

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‫A simple sentence is a sentence that only has one main point of information.

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‫The ferry leaves at 10 30.

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‫Tomorrow morning is one piece of information.

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‫I hope we make it.

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‫That's another piece of information so we can see that they are simple sentences.

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‫Let's take a look at more of a complex structure.

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‫The ferry leaves at 10, 30 a.m. tomorrow morning, which is earlier than usual.

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‫I hope we can make it, although I'm not sure we will.

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‫Now, it's quite easy to see that there is more detail in this example, and you should be trying to

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‫do this quite often in the speaking test.

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‫I've highlighted the part which is earlier than usual, and that is another piece of information.

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‫So that sentence now has two pieces of information.

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‫I hope we can make it, although I'm not sure we will.

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‫I used a connective and an extra part of the sentence.

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‫I'm not sure we will to add some extra detail.

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‫This is a great example of a complex structure.

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‫So there we have some examples to highlight the differences between simple and complex structures.

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‫Now let's take a look at the three main sentence types that you should be using in the ALP speaking

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‫test.

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‫We have a simple sentence, a compound sentence and a complex sentence.

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‫A simple sentence has one clause.

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‫Now, I should explain what a clause is.

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‫And quite simply, a clause is one piece of information.

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‫So we can see that in this example, a simple sentence has one clause.

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‫There is only one clause there.

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‫So what about compound sentences are compound sentences, has two clauses and adds more detail.

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‫I've highlighted the two clauses in this sentence.

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‫Now let's take a look at a complex sentence.

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‫A complex sentence has an independent and dependent clause which doesn't make sense on its own.

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‫I might say that making complex sentences is the more challenging of the three sentence types in red

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‫I've highlighted, which doesn't make sense on its own.

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‫Now on its own, that part of the sentence, you wouldn't really understand what the point is.

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‫But when the red part is added to the blue part or the dependent clause to the independent clause,

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‫it does make sense.

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‫A complex sentence has an independent and dependent clause which doesn't make sense on its own.

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‫I'll show you some more examples later on in this video.

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‫So let's take a look at some examples for simple sentences.

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‫A simple sentence has one clause and I'll show you examples on the topic of travel.

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‫I love travelling to Spain.

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‫Christmas is my favorite time to travel.

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‫The plane tickets are very cheap today.

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‫Try and visit me in your vacation.

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‫These are all examples of simple sentences where there is only one clause or one main piece of information.

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‫Let's move on to compound sentences.

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‫A compound sentence has two clauses and adds more detail.

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‫Now, you may have noticed that I've underlined and and is a connective and a compound sentence will

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‫always use a connective.

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‫I'll show you some examples around the topic of food.

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‫Cooking is a real passion of mine, but I'm not sure my food always tastes great.

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‫It's probably also worth noting that in compound sentences there are two independent clauses.

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‫Instead of the connective, if you simply add a full stop, it would still make sense.

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‫It would actually turn them into simple sentences without the connective, let's say another example.

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‫The food in India is so delicious because they have a strong food culture.

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‫British food can be quite bland, although English pies are very filling and warming.

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‫I'm not an adventurous eater, really, and I usually enjoy eating familiar foods, so that's all for

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‫compound sentences.

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‫Remember to use a connective to join those two simple sentences together.

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‫Now, let's take a bit of a further look at complex sentences.

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‫So a complex sentence has an independent and dependent clause which doesn't make sense on its own.

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‫Let's see an example now around the topic of money and finance.

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‫At the end of the month, I often try and save some money.

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‫At the end of the month is a dependent clause, it needs the independent clause to make sense.

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‫Let's take a look at a second example.

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‫Hopefully one day I'll be rich, but maybe it's just a dream, and again, the dependent clause is in

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‫red, but maybe it's just a dream.

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‫Does that make sense on its own as it's the dependent clause?

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‫It doesn't make sense and it is not a full sentence without the independent clause.

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‫So there we have the three sentence types that you should be using in the speaking test, it's important

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‫to note that you should use all three types as well.

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‫If you were only to use compound sentences for the whole test, you would score lower marks as a practice

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‫activity.

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‫Go to the Q&A section and try writing all three main types of sentence structures.

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‫If you see some of the students responses, remember to give them some feedback.

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‫Now we'll move on to another grammar lesson for Al speaking.

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‫See you there.