‫It's now time to begin Part B of Alt's listening practice test three.
‫So let's jump right into Section three.
‫You will hear a conversation between two students, David and Claire, first, you have some time to
‫look at questions, 21 to 24.
‫Now listen carefully and answer questions, 21 to 24.
‫Hi, David, how are you going with your history studies?
‫Very well.
‫I've actually finished up.
‫That's great.
‫What era did you write research to a room in London?
‫Something I never thought I'd be interested in.
‫That sounds interesting.
‫I wanted to tie it into the work I've been doing on engineering.
‫And I found it fascinating and learned many things along the way.
‫Such as?
‫Well, although there were prehistoric settlements throughout the vast area now called London, strangely
‫enough, no evidence has yet been found for any such community.
‫At the northern end of London Bridge, where the present city grew up, the origins of London lie in
‫Roman times, right?
‫Right.
‫When the Romans invaded Britain in 43 A.D., they moved north from the Kentish Coast and traversed the
‫Thames in the London region, clashing with the local tribesmen just to the north.
‫It has been suggested that the soldiers cross the river at Lambeth, but it was further downstream that
‫they built a permanent wooden bridge just east of the present London Bridge in more settled time some
‫seven years later as a focal point of the Roman road system.
‫It was the bridge which attracted settlers and led to London's inevitable growth.
‫So London Bridge has been there for hundreds of years.
‫Yes.
‫And though the regularity of London's original street grid may indicate that the initial inhabitants
‫with a military trade and commerce soon followed, the London Thames was deep and still within the tidal
‫zone, an ideal place for the birthing of ships.
‫What other industry did they have?
‫Well, as the area was also well drained and low lying, it was geologically suitable for brickmaking,
‫there were soon a flourishing city called Londinium in the area where the monument now stands.
‫Londinium, that's Latin.
‫That's what I thought, too.
‫But the name itself is Keltic, not Latin, and may originally have referred merely to a previous farmstead
‫on the site.
‫Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look over questions, 25 to 30
‫to.
‫Now, listen very carefully and answer questions, 25 to 30 to.
‫Was London burned to the ground at some stage, it happened in 1860 by the forces of Queen Boudica of
‫the Iceni tribe from modern Norfork when she led a major revolt against Roman rule.
‫The governor, Suetonius Polynice, who was busy exterminating the Druids in North Wales, marched his
‫troops south in an attempt to save London.
‫But seeing the size of bootlickers approaching Army decided he could not mount an adequate defence and
‫evacuated the city instead.
‫Not everyone managed to escape, though, and many were massacred.
‫What about the beautiful old architecture?
‫Did you research that, too?
‫I sure did.
‫The major symbol of Roman rule was the temple of the Imperial Kelt.
‫Emperor worship was administered by the provincial council, whose headquarters appeared to have been
‫in London by A.D. 100, a member of its staff named Adding, Cleatus buried his wife on Ludgate Hill.
‫Around this time, Pagan worship flourished within the cosmopolitan city, a temple to the mysterious
‫Eastern God.
‫Mithras was found at Bucklers Berry House and is displayed nearby.
‫I quite like St. Paul's.
‫Traditionally, St Paul's Cathedral stands on the site of a temple of Diana.
‫Other significant buildings also began to appear in the late first century at a time when the city was
‫expanding rapidly.
‫The forum, a marketplace and basilica which tells the law courts complex at Letton Hall Market, was
‫erected and then quickly replanned as the largest such complex north of the Alps.
‫The forum was much bigger than today's Trafalgar Square.
‫Who was in charge of all the town planning at the time?
‫Procurator Agricola, he encouraged the use of bathhouses and had a grand public sweetmeat, which is
‫now been excavated in Upper Thames Street.
‫They were as much a social venue as a place to be.
‫There was a smaller version at Cheapside and in later centuries, private bathhouses were also built.
‫Another popular attraction was the wooden amphitheater erected on the north western outskirts of the
‫city.
‫It's possible that gladiatorial shows were put on here.
‫The lesser public sports, like a bear baiting, may have been more regular.
‫I thought that happened mainly in the Coliseum in Rome.
‫But I guess London been settled by the Romans explains their lust for blood by about a 200.
‫The administration of Britain was divided.
‫In two, York became the capital of Britannia inferior and London of Britannia superior.
‫Around the same time, the city also acquired its famous walls, probably about 20 foot high.
‫Why did they build such high walls?
‫It was a protective measure which may have been due to civil war initiated when Governor Claudius Albania's
‫tried to claim the Imperial Crown in Rome.
‫Was paganism still predominant then?
‫Yes, but Christianity appears to have reached the province at an early date.
‫And only a year after the religion became officially tolerated in the Empire, London had its own bishop
‫restituted, who is known to have attended the Imperial Council of Al.
‫You really delve deep.
‫I think you'll do well in your tutorial paper.
‫Good luck, David.
‫Thanks.
‫That is the end of Section three, you now have 30 seconds to check your answers.
‫Will now begin Section four, you will hear a lecture about staying healthy whilst at university, but
‫before we begin, you have some time to look over questions.
‫Thirty three to 40.
‫Now listen carefully and answer questions, 33 to 40.
‫Good morning, all.
‫Welcome to our regular lecture on health issues.
‫This series of lectures is organized by the students union and is part of an attempt to help you stay
‫healthy while coping with study and social life.
‫At the same time, it's a great pleasure to welcome back Mary Kirch, who is a professional health advisor
‫and physical education officer.
‫Thank you, Peter, for the introduction.
‫It's a pleasure to be back today.
‫We're going to discuss the benefits of exercise.
‫University life is hectic and stressful.
‫It also involves a lot of sedentary work that is sitting for many hours at a time.
‫What I'd like to focus on is how to approach exercise not only from the aspect of health benefits,
‫but also as a form of stress relief.
‫I know it's hard to organize your time around studies and socializing, but you can socialize while
‫exercising.
‫If you have an hour free in the morning, afternoon or evening, it would be a good idea to get together
‫with your friends and create a sports team.
‫The grounds of the university are ample enough to support every students need to become active.
‫There are also readily available facilities at your disposal, such as a football field, tennis and
‫badminton courts.
‫There's also a swimming center.
‫Within that building is a gymnasium with a variety of programs such as aerobics and weight training.
‫If the idea of attending one of these facilities seems daunting, then you can walk along the river.
‫Oh, and that reminds me the university also offers rowing.
‫If there is a sport that you're interested in that's not on offer, you can approach either your student
‫union representative or speak with sports administration manager Mr. Lawrence Cavendish.
‫Now, I want to talk about why exercise is beneficial physically and emotionally.
‫The obvious results are physical.
‫You can keep fit by using muscles that ordinarily don't get used in the classroom.
‫The health benefits are astronomical.
‫You'll live longer, be happier and look good by building muscle.
‫You strengthen your bones.
‫A definite advantage for women in their later stages of life.
‫As women are prone to osteoporosis, it also strengthens your heart.
‫Yes, don't forget your heart is a muscle and the more exercise you do and the harder you work, the
‫more blood is pumped from your heart to your brain.
‫Now, this brings me to the psychological advantages of exercise.
‫When we are active, endorphins are released into our brain and endorphin is a chemical that is released.
‫When your heart rate is pumping beyond its normal capacity, it's the same as adrenaline you can actually
‫feel when endorphins kick in.
‫You feel a rush almost a high.
‫The benefits of this unhumorous your brain works at peak capacity for a longer period of time.
‫Your awareness is maximized and the fatigue you usually feel at four o'clock in the afternoon will be
‫nonexistent.
‫In one word, exercise makes you shop.
‫No, I'm not saying that you should overdo exercise because too much of anything can be dangerous.
‫But if you think about your daily routine, you spend about six hours a day in lectures and another
‫two or more hours studying.
‫That's a long time to be sitting and that is a long time for your body not to be moving around.
‫So try and find at least one hour a day to get some exercise.
‫If you can't fit in one hour a day, try one hour every second day or half an hour a day, you will
‫see rewards instantly.
‫You'll feel great and look great.
‫This I can promise you.
‫That is the end of Section four and you now have 30 seconds to check your answers.
‫That brings us to the end of Alt's listening practice test three.
‫Here are your answers.
‫I'll leave them on the screen for a short time, but you can, of course, pause the video.