Once again, it's a pleasure to have you in this course.
We're now going to go through another Section four of the Isles listening exam.
This is from book seven, Test two, Section four, Book seven, Test two, Section four.
And we're starting off with multiple choice questions.
With multiple choice questions.
We want to highlight the key words in the question, because the correct answer choice, A, B or C
will connect to those key words.
Now, as always, you want to be aware that they love to have tricks and traps that pull you to the
wrong answer.
You must be aware of that, and they're going to give you information that represents all the answer
choices.
But the correct answer would correspond to the key words in the question.
For example, number 31 wants to know.
How Anita felt first felt that the MATTHEWS article was of value.
When did she feel it was of value?
That's what you're listening for.
You're listening for that language.
All right.
Now, in addition to the multiple choice questions.
We also have a feel of the Blaine question, except it's in a table.
Now, I know normally you see this question type in section one or section two, but it is possible
for it to appear in section four.
Of course, the difficulty level is higher, but the strategy remains the same.
Okay.
Let's go ahead and get started.
You can go ahead and do your test right now.
Then come back and check for the analysis of the correct answers and also the tricks and traps they
tried to use to pull you towards the wrong answer choice.
Let's get started right now.
My topic is handedness.
Whether in different sports, it is better to be left or right sided, or whether a more balanced approach
is more successful.
I'm left handed myself and I actually didn't see any relevance to my own life when I happened to start
reading an article by a sports psychologist called Peter MATTHEWS.
He spent the first part of the article talking about handedness in music instead of sport, which I
have to say almost put me off from reading further.
But what I soon became struck by was the sheer volume of both observation and investigation he had done
in many different sports, and I felt persuaded that what he had to say would be of real interest.
I think Matthew's findings will be beneficial not so much in helping sports people to work on their
weaker side, but more that they can help them identify the most suitable strategies to use in a given
game.
Although most trainers know how important handedness is at present, they are rather reluctant to make
use of the insight scientists like MATTHEWS can give, which I think is rather short sighted because
focusing on individual flexibility is only part of the story.
Anyway, back to the article.
MATTHEWS found a German study which looked at what he called mixed handedness.
That is, the capacity to use both left and right hands equally.
It looked at mixed handedness in 40 musicians on a variety of instruments.
Researchers examined a number of variables for example, type of instrument played, regularity of practice
undertaken and length of time playing instrument and found the following keyboard players had high levels
of mixed handedness, whereas string players like cellists and violinists strongly favored one hand.
Also, those who started younger were more mixed handed.
MATTHEWS also reports studies of handedness in apes.
Apes get a large proportion of their food by fishing ants from anthills.
The studies show that apes like humans show handedness, though for them, right and left handedness
is about equal.
Whereas about 85% of humans are right handed.
Studies showed that apes consistently using the same hand, fished out 30% more ants than those varying
between the two.
Matthew started researching several different sports and found different types of handedness in each.
By the way, he uses handedness to refer to the dominant side for feet and eyes as well as hands anyway.
His team measured the hand, feet and eyes of 2000 and 611 players and found that there were really
three main types of laterally mixed.
You work equally well on both sides.
Both hand and I single.
You tend to favor one side, but both hand and I favor the same side and cross laterally.
A player's hands and eyes favor only one side, but they are opposite sides.
Let's start with hockey.
MATTHEWS found that it was best to be mixed handed.
This is because a hockey stick must be deployed in two directions.
It would be a drawback to have hand or eye favoring one side.
An interesting finding is that mixed handed hockey players were significantly more confident than their
single handed counterparts.
Things are slightly different in racquet sports, like tennis.
Here, the important thing is to have the dominant hand and eye on the one side.
This means that there is a bigger area of vision on the side where most of the action occurs.
If a player is cross lateral, the racquet is invisible from the dominant eye for much of the swing.
It means that they can only make corrections much later, and often the damage has been done by then
and moving to a rather different type of sport, which involves large but precise movements.
Gymnastics.
It's been found that cross hand-eye favouring is best.
The predominant reason for this is because it AIDS balance, which is, of course, absolutely central
to performance in this sport.
Okay.
Let's now go ahead and move through the answer choices.
Number 31 is see the impressive size of his research.
We know this because they said, well, they started off by saying that we're relevant and talking about
Matthew's work.
He first talked about musicians, which she said put her off.
So she didn't find it valuable that he talked, that he made a connection with musicians.
So it can't be be.
And also, they said the word relevant to try to make you think that the answer was B.
Then she said, what I became struck by.
That has the same meaning as what you find of value.
And she talked about the volume of the observation and investigation.
That is a paraphrase for choice.
See the impressive size of his research research project.
It can't be a because she said nothing about it, helping her with her difficulties.
Number 32, the answer is be.
The shift was when she said, I think Matthew's findings, that's how we knew we were shifting from
31 to 32.
She said his findings would be beneficial not to help sports people work on the weaker side.
So the answer cannot be a again, they're saying the words sports people, they're saying the word weakness
or weaker, which is a form of the word weaker to pull you towards that answer choice.
But that's not it.
And then she said but to help identify suitable strategies win in a game.
So that means they answer is be.
Number 33.
The answer is C underestimate what science has to offer the shift.
Although most trainers that's how we we now know we're talking about most sports coaches.
All the most trainers know how important.
So they answer cannot be A because AC is no nothing.
They are reluctant.
What scientists like Matthew give their shortsighted that fits as a paraphrase for the answer c underestimate
what science has to offer shortsighted.
Now, she said.
Not just focus on flexibility part of the story.
They should just focus on the flexibility part.
It doesn't say that that that they're wrong, that it's the wrong aspect, but not to only focus on
that again.
They're trying to play around with the exact word focus and make you think that's the answer choice.
Number 30 for the shift, she said.
I found a German study about 40 musicians.
So we now we now know we have shifted from 33 to 34.
It says she found the following keyboard has a high level of mixed handedness.
String favors one hand, so that means the answer cannot be B because B saying had greater mixed handedness.
And then she said also.
So something else about the study, those who started younger were more mixed handed, more mixed handed,
greater mixed handedness.
That means the correct answer choice for 34 is a they did say the words that they looked at the instruments,
how regularly they practice, but they did not connect that to the key words.
And the question about it being greater with mixed handedness that you practice the mixed handed people
practice more.
So that's what I mean by you must connect the correct answer choice to the question language.
You can't just pick what words you hear.
Number 35.
He there was a shift from 34 to 35.
Matt MATTHEWS looked at studies of apes, said apes were left and right equal.
That means that C cannot be the answer choice.
Humans are 85%.
Right.
So that means that B cannot be the answer choice because it says that they have the same proportion,
but humans have more.
And so then we get to the answer choice.
Studies show apes using the same hand 30% or capture 30% more ants than those who vary their hands.
So our correct answer is a so 31 is C, 32 is B, 33 is C, 34 is A and 35 is A.
Let's go ahead and move down.
These were more straightforward.
Now, the trick here is that in the very beginning, for about almost a minute, they just had extra
talk, just talking, talking, talking, talking, talking.
They talked about mixed reality, single cross.
They were just talking, talking, talking, trying to throw you off.
But, you know, you're waiting until you hear something about hockey.
When they say something about hockey, then you know, hey, it's time to get into the answer choices.
So for number 36, they say it must be deployed.
Deployed is a synonym for using the word used.
So the answer is two directions.
They said one word and or one word and or so you can have one number and one word, two directions.
Now, if you if you spelled the word two, t, w, o and the word directions, there's two words.
The is wrong.
For 37, they said significantly more, which equals much more.
So the answer is confident.
38.
Bigger area of equals.
Larger relevant field.
38 is vision.
39 is corrections can only make corrections much later.
This one was almost exact number 40.
Predominant reason.
Most important reason.
Balance.
Absolute.
Absolutely.
Central to performance.
Again, important.
So the answer is balance.
All right.
So I hope this review of the answer choices really shed some light on how to really handle these questions
in Section four.
The strategy is the exactly the same as Section one, two and three.
The only difference is the English level has been raised.
Questions are longer, answer choices are longer.
They have more delay tactics with extra talk.
So you have to be prepared for that.
All right.
So thank you very much.
I'm going to go ahead and play it right now for you so you can hear it again.
I want to hear it again while I'm looking at the answer language, the language that connects to the
answer and the trap language.
So I'm going to go ahead and do that now.
My topic is handedness.
Whether in different sports, it is better to be left or right sided, or whether a more balanced approach
is more successful.
I'm left handed myself and I actually didn't see any relevance to my own life when I happened to start
reading an article by a sports psychologist called Peter MATTHEWS.
He spent the first part of the article talking about handedness in music instead of sport, which I
have to say almost put me off from reading further.
But what I soon became struck by was the sheer volume of both observation and investigation he had done
in many different sports, and I felt persuaded that what he had to say would be of real interest.
I think Matthew's findings will be beneficial not so much in helping sports people to work on their
weaker side, but more that they can help them identify the most suitable strategies to use in a given
game.
Although most trainers know how important handedness is at present, they are rather reluctant to make
use of the insights scientists like MATTHEWS can give, which I think is rather short sighted because
focusing on individual flexibility is only part of the story.
Anyway, back to the article.
Found a German study which looked at what he called mixed handedness.
That is the capacity to use both left and right hands equally.
It looked at mixed handedness in 40 musicians on a variety of instruments.
Researchers examined a number of variables for example, type of instrument played, regularity of practice
undertaken and length of time playing instrument and found the following keyboard players had high levels
of mixed handedness, whereas string players like cellists and violinists strongly favored one hand.
Also, those who started younger were more mixed handed.
MATTHEWS also reports studies of handedness in apes.
Apes get a large proportion of their food by fishing ants from anthills.
The studies show that apes like humans show handedness, though for them, right and left handedness
is about equal.
Whereas about 85% of humans are right handed.
Studies showed that apes consistently using the same hand fished out 30% more ants than those varying
between the two.
Matthew started researching several different sports and found different types of handedness in each.
By the way, he uses handedness to refer to the dominant side for feet and eyes as well as hands anyway.
His team measured the hand, feet and eyes of 2000 and 611 players and found that there were really
three main types of laterally mixed.
You work equally well on both sides, both hand and eye.
Single you tend to favor one side, but both hand and I favor the same side and cross laterally.
A player's hands and eyes favor only one side, but they are opposite sides.
Let's start with hockey.
MATTHEWS found that it was best to be mixed handed.
This is because a hockey stick must be deployed in two directions.
It would be a drawback to have hand or eye favoring one side.
An interesting finding is that mixed handed hockey players were significantly more confident than their
single handed counterparts.
Things are slightly different in racquet sports, like tennis.
Here, the important thing is to have the dominant hand and eye on the one side.
This means that there is a bigger area of vision on the side where most of the action occurs.
If a player is cross lateral, the racquet is invisible from the dominant eye for much of the swing.
It means that they can only make corrections much later, and often the damage has been done by then
and moving to a rather different type of sport, which involves large but precise movements.
Gymnastics.
It's been found that cross hand-eye favouring is best.
The predominant reason for this is because it AIDS balance, which is, of course, absolutely central
to performance in this sport.
Okay.
So there is one amendment I want to make.
Earlier I said for number 31 that she didn't say anything about a choice, a what she did.
She said she found this was no relevance to her own life.
So when she said that there's no relevance to her own life, that knocked out a as a possibility.
This is how it would help her with her difficulties.
So choice A is the opposite of what she said.
So Choice A does not belong.
All right.
So thank you so much.
I hope this was very helpful.
Have a fantastic day.