Now it's time for strategy, application, video or lecture number four for the true false not given
question.
Let's get into it.
With the true false not given question.
We have certain steps keyword identification, which means looking in the questions and identifying
the keywords that will help you find the matching sentence, and also identifying the keywords that
will be used to determine if a question is true, false, or not given.
Of course, scanning is the initial challenge, being able to find the matching sentences.
And in this lecture, we're going to be working on that aspect.
And then for determining yes or not given, keep in mind that confirmation means yes.
Contradiction means no.
And missing information is equivalent to something being not given.
Some real keys to success for you to follow.
Number one, to understand the determiner or the twist determining language.
I just mentioned that earlier.
I want you to really get good.
Excellent.
Become excellent at determining what language.
And the question is the examiner going to utilize to be able to make something true, false or not given.
If you can identify that language, then when you look at the matching sentence is so much easier to
get this correct.
So much easier.
And if you've gone through the previous lectures, you should be getting much better at that now.
Keep in mind, in terms of question creation, a question can be created by more from more than one
sentence in the passage.
The test creator will take two sentences and create and use information from those two sentences to
create one question.
So I want you to be aware of that.
You have to understand the difference between false and not given.
There's a big difference.
Not giving means information is missing.
Like in this example in the passage, the information is missing.
If Kofi has a green card now, we don't know.
This is not a contradiction.
And don't assume.
Don't infer.
So coming up next, we're going to be dealing with full passage application.
We're going to work on scanning and answering the questions, applying our strategy of yes no, not
given.
This yes no not given question is coming from Cambridge Book 15, Test two, Part three.
The passage is entitled Having a Laugh.
So you can go ahead and open up your book and work along with me.
Here.
We can see the passage that I'm going to be looking at on the left and the continuation of the passage
on the right and below.
We have questions 37 through 40 which are true, false and not given questions.
So this is from passage number three.
And as we know, passage number three is the most difficult of the three reading passages.
It has the most challenging vocabulary is much more academic in nature.
And so the vocabulary is much greater and you have to be able to handle it.
Also, we can see that now that we're in passage number three, the questions are longer.
Look at number 37, 38, 39 and 40.
The questions are much longer.
Making the questions much longer makes it more difficult for students to determine true or false or
not given if they don't know what to focus on, if they don't know what to focus on.
So our first job is to identify the key words in the question.
So take out your phone, get your stopwatch ready, because you're going to work on timed, timed test
conditions from this point forward.
So can you identify the keywords in the question?
Open up your Cambridge book 15 Test two Part three Having a laugh.
I want you to set your timer for 45 seconds and I want you to find the keywords for questions.
37 to 40 Keep in mind, there are two types of keywords.
I want you to be able to find the keywords in the question that help you to find the matching sentence
and identify the keywords in the question that the examiner is using to determine true, false, or
not given.
So stop the lecture right now.
Set your timer for 45 seconds and try to find the keywords.
All right.
So did you find the same keywords that I did?
Were you able to locate the keywords that will help you find the matching sentence and also find the
keywords that will help you to know if a question is true, false or not given.
I hope you did.
The language is highlighted in yellow is the language that's used to find the matching sentence.
The language is highlighted in blue is the language that the examiner will use to determine if something
is true, false, or not given.
So Santa Cruz, friends, strangers.
That's when I help you find the right sentence in terms of determining whether something is true, false
or not given we're looking at were they more accurate?
Is that information confirmed?
Is that information about accuracy contradict and meaning saying that there were not more accurate or
the same?
Or is this information of accuracy missing?
That's what I mean by determining the twist language.
What language in the question is the examiner using to twist towards truth false or not given?
Number 38 San Diego great word defined high status individuals.
It's a hyphenated word, easy to find.
This language will determine true or false are not given.
Where are they correct or are they not correct?
Is that information missing?
Number 39 is a great one to start with.
If you if you if you're trying to decide which question to start with, all of these really have really
good language.
So you should have no problem you should have no problem locating these these sentences.
Santa Cruz, San Diego, Australian National University, Changan Wang great that these are this is
great language to be able to accurately find the right sentence fixed amount of time.
That's the language that will determine true, false or not given worthy in line with the established
notions they were in line.
We're not in line or that information is missing.
So I'm trying to really teach you how to do a yes, though not giving question how to make it easy.
Now we're going to go ahead and work on scanning for the keywords in the passage, meaning we're going
to try to find the matching sentences.
If you're scanning and answering, then you will go ahead and open your book, set a six minute timer,
and then scan, answer, scan for the next question and answer.
We're working on the skill of scanning, so we're going to work on scanning for the matching sentences
and then answering them.
You can do it both ways on the exam, so go ahead and get your clock ready for 3 minutes because we're
going to scan for the matching sentences.
In terms of scanning.
If you want more information on scanning and how to scan, you can review this information that you
see here.
Look at it very closely.
Scanning is so important.
It's a skill.
The more you practice the skill, the better you're going to get.
So here we have our passage, we have our questions where we have identified the key words in each question.
Now we're going to go ahead and set a timer for 3 minutes, scan through the passage and see if we can
find these matching sentences for 37, 38, 39 and 40.
So stop the lecture, set your timer for 3 minutes.
Go through your book and find the matching sentences.
All right.
So did you find the matching sentences?
Number 37 is found right here.
In fact, number 37 is an example of them taking information from two sentences to create one sentence.
So Santa Cruz comes from this first sentence here and then friends and strangers and laughing comes
from this sentence here.
38 is another example of taking information from two sentences to create one question.
San Diego high status individuals comes from here.
And then also down here, we're looking at we're looking at the predictions.
So when it talks about the the results or the analysis revealed that.
Right.
We're looking for the predictions and we see high status individuals down here.
So that is where number 38 comes from.
It comes from those two sentences.
39 is over here.
Employees base their profiles.
That comes from right here.
And then in terms of timing, we see that language here.
So number 39 again comes from.
This first sentence and this sentence here.
And then number 40, it comes from this last paragraph here.
Okay.
So let's go ahead and move forward.
Now we're going to go ahead and answer the questions.
So you're going to set your timer for 3 minutes.
We've already found the matching sentences for the questions.
So now it's a matter of your determining true, false or not given.
And remember, you're going to look at the matching sentence, use that twist language and see if that
language is confirmed, contradicted or missing.
So here's the passage.
So can you find these answers in 3 minutes?
You don't have 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes.
You have to be able to finish these passages in under 20 minutes.
And the timing system that I'm using will allow for you to finish these passages in less than 20 minutes.
So can you find the answers in under 3 minutes?
Go ahead and stop the lecture.
Set your clock for 3 minutes and try to find all the answer choices.
So did you choose the correct answers?
Let's find out, everybody.
For number 37.
You should have chosen, not given.
For number 38?
Yes.
For 39 no.
And for 40 no.
For 37 in terms of being not given.
When we look at this sentence here in terms of the participants were asked whether they thought people
were laughing, whether the people laughing were friends or strangers.
We have no idea if they were more accurate at identifying laughs of friends or strangers.
We have no idea.
It doesn't tell us.
It doesn't tell us which one they were more accurate at identifying or less accurate is missing.
The information is missing everybody.
So it's not given.
It's not contradicted.
If this were contradicted, it would say they were less accurate or equal to that would be more of a
contradiction.
But this information is missing.
Number 38 is confirmed.
True.
It says analysis revealed that as expected, high status individuals produced more dominant labs.
So the researchers in the San Diego study were correct in their predictions because it says as expected,
as expected regarding their behavior.
With dominant layoffs as expected.
So the answer is yes.
For number 39 in terms of the Australian study.
This one is really interesting because in this first sentence up here of this paragraph we see Australian
National University.
Then in this sentence we see employees based employees based on provider profiles.
And then down here we see the language related to timing.
So here we have a situation where they use three sentences.
They pulled information from three different sentences to create question number 39.
And they did it this way because we're in the last reading passage number three.
They wouldn't do this in reading passages, number one.
But in terms of the answer is very clearly no because it says fixed amount of time and here it says
they allowed to quit whenever they want.
So that's the contradiction.
And then for number 40, again, this one is no.
There were there were their conclusions in line with the established notions.
Established notions is the same as saying traditional view.
And the traditional view says that, you know, you should avoid humor.
It's a distraction.
Great.
Avoid humor.
And then, you know, we're saying and waiting they suggest that humor is enjoyable, meaning it should
be accepted, enjoyable and energizing.
So it was useful not to be avoided.
So really, their conclusions are a contradiction, a contradiction of the traditional view.
All right.
So if you want to read a little bit more about my explanations for each question, you can go ahead
and stop the lecture and read it right here.
I hope this was really helpful for you.
I'm so happy that you're taking this course and you're learning and you're getting better and getting
ready to score great on the exam.
If you have have you have any questions about what was said, let me know.
You can use the Q&A feature to ask that question, but really my explanations are pretty clear in terms
of explaining the answer choices.
Take care.
Have a great day and I'll talk to you soon.